diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 40c63282..1816cf2a 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. ++ Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The government in 2011 introduced some political reforms in response to the Arab Spring, including lifting the 19-year-old state of emergency restrictions and increasing women's quotas for elected assemblies, while also increasing subsidies to the populace. Algeria’s reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to finance the government and large subsidies for the population is under stress because of declining oil prices." + "text": "After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. ++ Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The government in 2011 introduced some political reforms in response to the Arab Spring, including lifting the 19-year-old state of emergency restrictions and increasing women's quotas for elected assemblies, while also increasing subsidies to the populace. Since 2014, Algeria’s reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices." } }, "Geography": { @@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "5,700 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season" }, @@ -177,6 +180,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "70.7% of total population (2015)" @@ -416,25 +422,25 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Council of the Nation (upper house with 144 seats; one-third of members appointed by the president, two-thirds indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local council members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) and the National People's Assembly (lower house with 462 seats including 8 seats for Algerians living abroad); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2017); National People's Assembly - last held on 10 May 2012 (next to be held on 17 May 2017)" + "text": "Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2015 (next to be held in December 2018); National People's Assembly - last held on 10 May 2012 (next to be held on 17 May 2017)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 221, RND 70, AAV 47, FFS 21, PT 17, FNA 9, El Adala 7, MPA 6, PFJ 5, FC 4, PNSD 4, other 32, independent 19" + "text": "Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 208, RND 68, AAV 49, FFS 27, PT 24, FNA 9, El Adala 8, MPA 7, PFJ 5, FC 4, PNSD 4, other 31, independent 18" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into 4 divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members including the court president); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into 4 divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 3 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 1 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI] ++ Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES] ++ Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD] ++ Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Amar GHOUL] ++ Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed BENHAMOU] ++ Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ] ++ Front for Change or FC [Abdelmadjid MENASRA] ++ Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH] ++ Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID] ++ Green Algeria Alliance or AAV (includes Islah, Ennahda Movement, and MSP) ++ Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Fatah RABEI] ++ Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MOKRI] ++ National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA] ++ National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA] ++ National Liberation Front or FLN [Amar SAIDANI] ++ National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD ++ National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI] ++ National Republican Alliance ++ New Dawn Party or PFJ ++ New Generation or Jil Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI] ++ Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE] ++ Party of Justice and Liberty [Mohammed SAID] ++ Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS] ++ Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Mustafa BOUCHACHI] ++ Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH] ++ Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA] ++ Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]", + "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI] ++ Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES] ++ Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD] ++ Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Amar GHOUL] ++ Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed BENHAMOU] ++ Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ] ++ Front for Change or FC [Abdelmadjid MENASRA] ++ Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH] ++ Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID] ++ Green Algeria Alliance or AAV (includes Islah, Ennahda Movement, and MSP) ++ Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI] ++ Movement for National Reform or Islah [Djilali GHOUINI] ++ Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MOKRI] ++ National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA] ++ National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA] ++ National Liberation Front or FLN [Djamel OULD ABBES] ++ National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD ++ National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI] ++ National Republican Alliance ++ New Dawn Party or PFJ ++ New Generation or Jil Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI] ++ Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE] ++ Party of Justice and Liberty [Mohammed SAID] ++ Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS] ++ Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Mustafa BOUCHACHI] ++ Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH] ++ Vanguard of Freedoms [Ali BENFLIS] ++ Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA] ++ Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]", "note": { "text": "a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997" } @@ -467,7 +473,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Joan A. POLASCHIK (since 22 September 2014)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, El-Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030 Algiers" + "text": "05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, El Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030 Algiers" }, "mailing address": { "text": "B. P. 408, Alger-Gare, 16030 Algiers" @@ -502,44 +508,44 @@ "text": "Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist postindependence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. ++ ++ Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in oil reserves. Hydrocarbon exports have enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability and amass large foreign currency reserves and a large budget stabilization fund available for tapping. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. However, Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. ++ ++ The government's efforts have done little to reduce high youth unemployment rates or to address housing shortages. A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted the Algerian Government to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases, moves which continue to weigh on public finances. Since late 2014, declining oil prices forced the government to spend down its reserves at a high rate in order to sustain social spending on salaries and subsidies, particularly since the government has been unable to boost exports of hydrocarbons or significantly grow its nonoil sector. In 2015, the Algerian Government imposed further restrictions on imports in an effort to reduce withdrawals from its foreign exchange reserves. The Government also increased the value-added tax on electricity and fuel, but said it would address subsidies at a later date. ++ ++ Long-term economic challenges include diversifying the economy away from its reliance on hydrocarbon exports, bolstering the private sector, attracting foreign investment, and providing adequate jobs for younger Algerians." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$578.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $557.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $537.4 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$609.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $588.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $566.3 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$172.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$168.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% (2014 est.) ++ 2.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2016 est.) ++ 3.9% (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$14,500 (2015 est.) ++ $14,300 (2014 est.) ++ $14,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,000 (2016 est.) ++ $14,700 (2015 est.) ++ $14,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "34.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 41.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 43.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "32.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 43.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "40.6%" + "text": "41.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "22.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "41.1%" + "text": "42.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "7.2%" + "text": "6.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26.9%" + "text": "25.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-36.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-37.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -547,10 +553,10 @@ "text": "13.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "39%" + "text": "38.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "47.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "48.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -560,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "11.93 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "11.78 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -577,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "11.2% (2015 est.) ++ 10.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (2016 est.) ++ 11.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2006 est.)" @@ -595,20 +601,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$49.36 billion" + "text": "$42.69 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$76.93 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$66.45 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-16% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-14.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "9.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "16.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 9.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover central government debt, as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt" } @@ -617,31 +623,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4% (31 December 2010) ++ 4% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$86.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $109 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$91.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $86.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$164.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $152.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$133.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $127.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$61.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.28 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$100.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $61.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$27.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$9.436 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$25.34 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$27.45 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$36 billion (2015 est.) ++ $60 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.91 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97% (2009 est.)" @@ -650,7 +656,7 @@ "text": "Spain 18.8%, France 11.2%, US 8.8%, Italy 8.7%, UK 7.1%, Brazil 5.2%, Tunisia 4.9%, Germany 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$50.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $59.67 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $50.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -659,36 +665,22 @@ "text": "China 15.6%, France 14.4%, Italy 9.4%, Spain 7.4%, Germany 5.6%, Russia 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$144.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $179.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$115 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $144.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.143 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.453 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.934 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.143 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$25.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.48 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.847 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.025 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - ++ 100.691 (2015 est.) ++ 80.579 (2014 est.) ++ 80.579 (2013 est.) ++ 77.54 (2012 est.) ++ 72.938 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - ++ 110.1 (2016 est.) ++ 100.691 (2015 est.) ++ 100.691 (2014 est.) ++ 80.579 (2013 est.) ++ 77.54 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "60 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -778,17 +770,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile cellular licenses have been issued and, in 2005, a consortium led by Egypt's Orascom Telecom won a 15-year license to build and operate a fixed-line network in Algeria; the license will allow Orascom to develop high-speed data and other specialized services and contribute to meeting the large unfulfilled demand for basic residential telephony; Internet broadband services began in 2003" + "text": "privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile cellular licenses have been issued and, in 2005, a consortium led by Egypt's Orascom Telecom won a 15-year license to build and operate a fixed-line network in Algeria; the l" }, "domestic": { "text": "a limited network of fixed lines with a teledensity of less than 10 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; in 2015, mobile-cellular teledensity was roughly 116 telephones per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, and Arabsat) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; p (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations (2007)" + "text": "state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operat (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".dz" diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index cd03aca8..610ca2df 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "15.6% (2007)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] ++ National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA] ++ National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) ++ Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) ++ Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]" + "text": "Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] ++ National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - there are two factions of the party; one is led by Lucas NGONDA; the other is led by Ngola KABANGU ++ National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) ++ Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) ++ Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Angolan Revolutionary Movement or ARM ++ Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO]", @@ -523,44 +523,44 @@ "text": "Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. The global recession that started in 2008 stalled economic growth. In particular, lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014. Falling oil prices and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects for 2015. Angola has responded by reducing government subsidies and by proposing import quotas and a more restrictive licensing regime. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$184.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $179.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $170.9 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$187.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $187.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $181.8 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$103 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$91.94 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.) ++ 6.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,300 (2015 est.) ++ $7,300 (2014 est.) ++ $7,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,800 (2016 est.) ++ $7,000 (2015 est.) ++ $7,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "71.5%" + "text": "72.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.9%" + "text": "18.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "10.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.8%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "35.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-37.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-36.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -581,10 +581,10 @@ "text": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "10.51 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "10.85 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -610,47 +610,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$33.19 billion" + "text": "$27.27 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$38.53 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$33.5 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "29.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "57.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "57.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 57.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10.3% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "26.9% (2016 est.) ++ 10.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9% (31 December 2014) ++ 25% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "16.88% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 16.38% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "30% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 16.88% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$25.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $30.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.57 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$51.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $45.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$38.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$17.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $23.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.52 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$8.748 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.722 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$4.929 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$8.748 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$35.55 billion (2015 est.) ++ $59.17 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.04 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.55 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton" @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ "text": "China 43.8%, India 9.6%, US 7.7%, Spain 6.2%, South Africa 4.8%, France 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$21.15 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.59 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.67 billion (2016 est.) ++ $21.15 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods" @@ -668,36 +668,22 @@ "text": "China 22.1%, Portugal 13.8%, South Korea 11%, US 6.9%, South Africa 5%, UK 4.1%, France 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$24.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $28.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.43 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $24.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$33.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $28.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$37.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $33.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$13.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$22.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $21.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $22.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - ++ 120.061 (2015 est.) ++ 98.303 (2014 est.) ++ 98.303 (2013 est.) ++ 95.47 (2012 est.) ++ 93.741 (2011 est.)" + "text": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - ++ 172 (2016 est.) ++ 120.061 (2015 est.) ++ 120.061 (2014 est.) ++ 98.303 (2013 est.) ++ 95.47 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "15,000,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "30%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "46%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "18% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "9.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -787,7 +773,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001" + "text": "limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line t" }, "domestic": { "text": "only about one fixed line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 71 telephones per 100 persons in 2015" @@ -797,7 +783,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)" + "text": "state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state- (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ao" diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 056eaa3b..c9f544e6 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ "text": "Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] ++ Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO] ++ Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Ian KHAMA] ++ Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Ndaba GAOLATLHE] ++ Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO] ++ Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI] ++ Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (includes BMD, BPP, and BNF)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization) ++ Pitso Ya Ba Tswana ++ Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites)", + "text": "Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites)", "other": { "text": "diamond mining companies" } @@ -523,55 +523,55 @@ "text": "Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for one quarter of GDP, approximately 85% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. Tourism is the secondary earner of foreign exchange and many Batswana engage in subsistence farming and cattle raising. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $17,700 in 2015. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. ++ ++ Botswana's economy is highly correlated with global economic trends because of its heavy reliance on a single luxury export. According to official government statistics, unemployment is 19.5%, but unofficial estimates run much higher. De Beers, a major international diamond company, signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 and moved its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone in 2013. The move was geared to support the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry. ++ ++ Following the 2008 global recession Botswana’s economy recovered in 2010. However, the Government of Botswana estimates the economy grew by only 1% in 2015. This was primarily due to the downturn in the global diamond market; water and power shortages also played a role. In October 2015 President Ian KHAMA announced a stimulus plan to boost the economy through projects in agricultural production, construction, manufacturing, and tourism development. In 2016, Botswana entered its fourth year of drought, detrimental to Botswana’s small, but vital agriculture sector. ++ ++ The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens the country's impressive economic gains." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$34.84 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.96 billion (2014 est.) ++ $33.88 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$36.51 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.49 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.86 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.95 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.) ++ 9.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,400 (2015 est.) ++ $16,600 (2014 est.) ++ $16,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16,900 (2016 est.) ++ $16,600 (2015 est.) ++ $16,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "38.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 42.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "35.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 39.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "47.2%" + "text": "46.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.4%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "29.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "7.2%" + "text": "6.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "52.3%" + "text": "52.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-53.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-52% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "1.9%" + "text": "1.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.2%" + "text": "29.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "67.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "68.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -581,10 +581,10 @@ "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; livestock processing; textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-10.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.155 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.177 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -616,85 +616,71 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$5.112 billion" + "text": "$4.69 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.526 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.306 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "21% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6% (31 December 2015) ++ 7.5% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.95% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.95% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.388 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.365 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$8.293 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $7.635 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.614 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.272 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.783 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.614 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$4.588 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $4.107 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $4.076 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$1.202 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.496 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$447 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.043 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$6.274 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.514 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.448 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.274 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$7.09 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.991 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.194 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.09 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.546 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.323 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.622 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.546 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.221 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.384 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.386 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.221 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar - ++ 10.1263 (2015 est.) ++ 8.9761 (2014 est.) ++ 8.9761 (2013 est.) ++ 7.62 (2012 est.) ++ 6.8382 (2011 est.)" + "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar - ++ 10.21 (2016 est.) ++ 10.1263 (2015 est.) ++ 10.1263 (2014 est.) ++ 8.9761 (2013 est.) ++ 7.62 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "66%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "75%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "54% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -784,13 +770,13 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone communication stations" + "text": "Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone com" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now pushing 160 telephones per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 836b1752..b329f1fa 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a West African kingdom that rose to prominence in about 1600 and over the next two and a half centuries became a regional power, largely based on its slave trade. Coastal areas of Dahomey began to be controlled by the French in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975. ++ A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent. YAYI, who won a second five-year term in March 2011, has attempted to stem corruption and has strongly promoted accelerating Benin's economic growth." + "text": "Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a West African kingdom that rose to prominence in about 1600 and over the next two and a half centuries became a regional power, largely based on its slave trade. Coastal areas of Dahomey began to be controlled by the French in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975. ++ A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent, who won a second five-year term in March 2011. Patrice TALON, a wealthy businessman, took office in 2016 after campaigning to restore public confidence in the government." } }, "Geography": { @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "text": "18% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -530,55 +530,55 @@ "text": "The free market economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Cotton is a key export commodity; high prices supported export earnings. Growth in real output has averaged 6.5% since 2014. Inflation has subsided and remained 1% over the past several years. ++ ++ An insufficient electrical supply continues to hamper Benin's economic growth though the government recently has taken steps to increase domestic power production. Private foreign direct investment is small, and foreign aid accounts for the majority of investment in infrastructure projects. ++ ++ Benin’s 2001 privatization policy continues in telecommunications, water, electricity, and agriculture. Benin has appealed for international assistance to mitigate piracy against commercial shipping in its territory. Though security remains a problem, the Port of Cotonou has made progress towards implementing the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code in an effort to remain competitive. Projects included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) compact (2006-2011) were designed to increase investment and private sector activity by improving key institutional and physical infrastructure. The four projects focused on access to land, access to financial services, access to justice, and access to markets (including modernization of the port). The Port of Cotonou is the largest component of Benin’s economy with revenues projected to account for more than 40% of Benin’s national budget. Realizing its economic potential requires further efforts to infrastructure upgrades, stemming corruption, and expanding access to foreign markets in Nigeria and neighboring landlocked countries. In September 2015, Benin signed a MCC second Compact for $375 million that is designed to strengthen the national utility service provider, attract private sector investment, fund infrastructure investments in electricity generation and distribution, and develop off-grid electrification for poor and unserved households. In order to raise growth, Benin plans to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, encourage new information and communication technology, and establish Independent Power Producers (IPP)." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$22.95 billion (2015 est.) ++ $21.81 billion (2014 est.) ++ $20.47 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$24.31 billion (2016 est.) ++ $23.24 billion (2015 est.) ++ $22.14 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.471 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.93 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2015 est.) ++ 6.5% (2014 est.) ++ 6.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,100 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.) ++ $2,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,200 (2016 est.) ++ $2,100 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "67.3%" + "text": "68%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15.1%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "26.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26.9%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-35.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-33.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "23.2%" + "text": "22.9%" }, "industry": { "text": "24.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "52.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "3.662 million (2007 est.)" @@ -612,26 +612,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.476 billion" + "text": "$1.5 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.02 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.939 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "16.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 30.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "40.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 37.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.3% (2015 est.) ++ -1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" @@ -640,22 +640,22 @@ "text": "NA%" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.172 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.336 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.215 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.172 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$4.165 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.61 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.631 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.792 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.639 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.631 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$937 million (2015 est.) ++ -$896 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$892 million (2016 est.) ++ -$893 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.841 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.562 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.713 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.841 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood" @@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ "text": "India 24.2%, Gabon 14.6%, China 7.2%, Niger 6%, Bangladesh 5%, Nigeria 4.9%, Vietnam 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.727 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.273 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.591 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.727 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products" @@ -673,30 +673,16 @@ "text": "China 42.1%, US 8.9%, India 5.7%, Malaysia 4.8%, Thailand 4.3%, France 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$731.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $726 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$645.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $731.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.115 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.984 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.34 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.115 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "7,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "29%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "57%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "9% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -792,11 +778,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity only about 2 per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular providers, cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; long distance fiber-optic links with Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; long distance fiber-optic links with Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Oc (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Television du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with multiple channels providing a wide broadcast reach; several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented by a number of regional stations; substantial number of privately owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2007)" + "text": "state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Television du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with multiple channels providing a wide broadcast reach; several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bj" diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 97538df4..61736768 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Gaston SINDIMWO (since 25 August 2015); Second Vice President Joseph BUTORE (since 25 August 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Gaston SINDIMWO (since 20 August 2015); Second Vice President Joseph BUTORE (since 20 August 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Prosper BAZOMBAZA (since 13 February 2014); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI (since 29 August 2010)" @@ -444,12 +444,12 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Burundians' Hope Independent (also called Hope for Burundians) ++ Front for Democracy in Burundi or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA] ++ National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Pascal NYABENDA] ++ National Liberation Forces or FNL [Agathon RWASA] ++ National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA] ++ National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI] ++ Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA] ++ Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Pierre BUYOYA]" + "text": "Front for Democracy in Burundi or FRODEBU ++ National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Pascal NYABENDA] ++ National Liberation Forces or FNL [Agathon RWASA] ++ National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA] ++ National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI] ++ Party for National Redress or PARENA [Zenon NIMU BONA] ++ Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization) ++ Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)", + "text": "Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization)", "other": { - "text": "Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)" + "text": "Hutu and Tutsi militias" } }, "International organization participation": { @@ -509,55 +509,55 @@ "text": "Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Thus, Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rest primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices, although exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi is heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. Foreign aid in 2014 represented 42% of Burundi's national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009. ++ ++ An ethnic war that ended in 2005 resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Political stability, aid flows, and economic activity improved following the end of the civil war, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity – have prevented the government from implementing planned economic reforms. Government corruption has also hindered the development of a private sector as companies have to deal with ever changing rules. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept pace with inflation. ++ ++ In 2015, Burundi’s economy suffered from political turmoil over President NKURUNZIZA’s controversial third term. Blocked transportation routes disrupted the flow of agricultural goods. And donors withdrew aid, increasing Burundi’s budget deficit. When the unrest ends, regional infrastructure improvements driven by the EAC and funded by the World Bank may help improve Burundi’s transport connections and lower transportation costs." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$7.711 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.041 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.683 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$7.892 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.933 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.259 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.881 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.742 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.7% (2014 est.) ++ 4.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.) ++ -4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$800 (2015 est.) ++ $900 (2014 est.) ++ $900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$800 (2016 est.) ++ $800 (2015 est.) ++ $900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "-0.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ -4.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -2.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82.3%" + "text": "92.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.7%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "-8.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-32.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-32.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "42.9%" + "text": "45.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "40.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "37.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -567,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "light consumer goods (blankets, shoes, soap, beer); assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-10.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.119 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.255 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -602,50 +602,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$741.6 million" + "text": "$525.1 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$903.7 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$656.9 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "39.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "43.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 39.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.) ++ 5.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "11.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 10% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15.67% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $412.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$364.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$594.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $568.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$523.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $571.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$851.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $721.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$809.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $851.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$444 million (2015 est.) ++ -$544 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$127 million (2016 est.) ++ -$455 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$119.6 million (2015 est.) ++ $130.1 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$132.4 million (2016 est.) ++ $119.6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides" @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ "text": "Germany 12.3%, Pakistan 10.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 10.7%, Uganda 8.1%, Sweden 7.8%, US 7.1%, Belgium 6.3%, Rwanda 4.6%, France 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$800.1 million (2015 est.) ++ $913 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$683.4 million (2016 est.) ++ $800.1 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs" @@ -663,30 +663,16 @@ "text": "Kenya 15%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Belgium 9.9%, Tanzania 8.3%, Uganda 7.3%, China 7.1%, India 4.9%, France 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$136.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $317.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$100.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $136.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$684.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $690.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$705.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $684.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - ++ 1,571.9 (2015 est.) ++ 1,546.69 (2014 est.) ++ 1,546.7 (2013 est.) ++ 1,442.51 (2012 est.) ++ 1,261.07 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - ++ 1,665 (2016 est.) ++ 1,571.9 (2015 est.) ++ 1,571.9 (2014 est.) ++ 1,546.7 (2013 est.) ++ 1,442.51 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "9,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "5%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "28%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "2% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -786,7 +772,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)" + "text": "state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bu (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bi" diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 2c304e1b..4c420fdd 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "300 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues" }, @@ -177,6 +180,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "22.5% of total population (2015)" @@ -473,7 +479,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador James KNIGHT (since 6 September 2013)" + "text": "Ambassador Geeta PASI (since September 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena" @@ -514,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "Chad’s landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad’s economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes about one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking. ++ ++ Nearly all of Chad’s fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales. ++ ++ Chad’s fiscal position is encumbered by declining oil prices, though high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in recent years. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for much public and private sector investment. Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$30.47 billion (2015 est.) ++ $29.94 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.01 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$30.59 billion (2016 est.) ++ $30.93 billion (2015 est.) ++ $30.39 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.89 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.44 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-1.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,600 (2015 est.) ++ $2,700 (2014 est.) ++ $2,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,600 (2016 est.) ++ $2,700 (2015 est.) ++ $2,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 14.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "68.8%" + "text": "71.4%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "4.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "31.2%" + "text": "30.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "25.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-32% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-32.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "53.2%" + "text": "53%" }, "industry": { - "text": "13.6%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "33.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "34.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,10 +578,10 @@ "text": "oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.268 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.457 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -604,50 +610,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.524 billion" + "text": "$1.626 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.037 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.163 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "33.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 33% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "35.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 33.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 4.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.604 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.788 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.741 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.604 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.976 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.751 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.034 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.153 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.324 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.034 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.392 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.242 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$907 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.353 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.965 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.179 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.053 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.965 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter" @@ -656,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "US 58.5%, India 13.3%, Japan 11.3%, China 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.071 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.319 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.075 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.071 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -665,10 +671,10 @@ "text": "France 16.5%, China 14.2%, Cameroon 11%, US 6.4%, India 6%, Belgium 5.7%, Italy 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$382.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.089 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$627.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $382.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.802 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.857 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.875 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.802 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA (31 December 2010) ++ $4.5 billion (2006 est.)" @@ -677,24 +683,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "10,477,071" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "4%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "14%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "1% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -895,7 +887,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "309,669 (Sudan); 69,436 (Central African Republic); 7,917 (Nigeria) (2016)" + "text": "309,669 (Sudan); 70,310 (Central African Republic); 8,377 (Nigeria) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "58,748 (majority are in the east) (2016)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 0570d9ca..db3bb9ad 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 15 August (1960)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1992; latest approved by referendum 20 January 2002; amended 2015; note - the constitutional referendum approved in October 2015 changed the head of government from the president to the prime minister, reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years and limited total presidential terms to 3" + "text": "previous 1992; latest approved by referendum 20 January 2002; amended 2015; note - the constitutional referendum approved in October 2015 changed the head of government from the president to the prime minister, eliminated the presidential age maximum, reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years and limited total presidential terms to 3 (2017)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" @@ -511,44 +511,44 @@ "text": "The economy is a mixture of subsistence farming and hunting, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Natural gas is increasingly being converted to electricity rather than being flared, greatly improving energy prospects. New mining projects, particularly iron ore, which entered production in late 2013, may add as much as $1 billion to annual government revenue. ++ ++ Economic reform efforts have been undertaken with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the IMF, including the recently concluded Article IV consultations. The current administration faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The recent drop in oil prices has constrained government spending; lower oil prices forced the government to cut more than $1 billion in planned spending. However, the government increased infrastructure spending for the September 2015 All-Africa Games and also ahead of the March 2016 presidential election, putting further pressure on the budget. ++ ++ Officially the country became a net external creditor as of 2011, with external debt representing only about 16% of GDP and debt servicing less than 3% of government revenue." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$29.36 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.64 billion (2014 est.) ++ $26.81 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$30.27 billion (2016 est.) ++ $29.75 billion (2015 est.) ++ $29.08 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.878 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.834 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.8% (2014 est.) ++ 3.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.3% (2015 est.) ++ 6.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,700 (2015 est.) ++ $6,700 (2014 est.) ++ $6,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,800 (2016 est.) ++ $6,800 (2015 est.) ++ $6,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 38.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "48.7%" + "text": "50%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "10.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "50.5%" + "text": "48.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "51.9%" + "text": "44.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-63.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-53.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -556,10 +556,10 @@ "text": "4.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "69.3%" + "text": "69.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "25.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ "text": "petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "1.807 million (2013 est.)" @@ -590,50 +590,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.776 billion" + "text": "$3.562 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.687 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.233 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "40.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-10.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-7.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "48% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 36.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "49.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 48% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2016 est.) ++ 2.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.8% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "14% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.131 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.036 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.274 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.131 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$4.875 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.858 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.807 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $105.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.825 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.807 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.264 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.281 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$728 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.861 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.231 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.12 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.777 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.231 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds" @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ "text": "China 42.1%, Italy 16.9%, US 4.9%, India 4.7%, Portugal 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.934 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.939 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.447 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.934 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs" @@ -651,30 +651,16 @@ "text": "China 20.3%, France 14.2%, South Korea 9.8%, US 4.9%, UK 4.4%, Italy 4.1%, India 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.244 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.939 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.989 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.244 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$4.324 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.901 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.817 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.324 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 589.4 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "2,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "42%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "62%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "5% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 7e2d2a89..2321c2b0 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "26 provinces (provinces, singular - province); Bas-Uele, Equateur, Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Haut-Uele, Ituri, Kasai, Kasai-Central, Kasai-Oriental, Kinshasa, Kongo Central, Kwango, Kwilu, Lomami, Lualaba, Mai-Ndombe, Maniema, Mongala, Nord-Kivu, Nord-Ubangi, Sankuru, Sud-Kivu, Sud-Ubangi, Tanganyika, Tshopo, Tshuapa" + "text": "26 provinces (provinces, singular - province); Bas-Uele, Equateur, Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Haut-Uele, Ituri, Kasai, Kasai-Central, Kasai-Oriental (East Kasai), Kinshasa, Kongo Central, Kwango, Kwilu, Lomami, Lualaba, Mai-Ndombe, Maniema, Mongala, Nord-Kivu (North Kivu), Nord-Ubangi (North Ubangi), Sankuru, Sud-Kivu (South Kivu), Sud-Ubangi (South Ubangi), Tanganyika, Tshopo, Tshuapa" }, "Independence": { "text": "30 June 1960 (from Belgium)" @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ "text": "President Joseph KABILA (since 17 January 2001)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Augustin MATATA PONYO Mapon (since 18 April 2012)" + "text": "Prime Minister Samy BADIBANGA Ntita (since 17 November 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Jose MAKILA, Leonard She OKITUNDU, Emmanuel RAMAZANI Shadary (since December 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers of State appointed by the president" @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ "text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO] ++ Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA] ++ Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC ++ Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI] ++ Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA] ++ People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA] ++ Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI] ++ Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA] ++ Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE] ++ Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Allied Democratic Forces or ADF (anti-Ugandan government rebel groups] ++ Forces Arm�es de la R�publique D�mocratique du Congor (Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) or FARDC ++ Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda or FDLR (Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's genocide in 1994)" + "text": "Allied Democratic Forces or ADF (anti-Ugandan government rebel groups] ++ Forces Arm�es de la R�publique D�mocratique du Congo (Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) or FARDC ++ Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda or FDLR (Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's genocide in 1994) ++ Le Rassemblement (established in 2016 as a coalition of members from several political parties)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, COMESA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -520,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - is slowly recovering after decades of decline. ++ ++ Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with countrywide instability and conflict that began in the early-90s, has dramatically reduced national output and government revenue and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the transitional government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms. Progress has been slow to reach the interior of the country although clear changes are evident in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. ++ ++ Renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most export income, has boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth in recent years, although recent commodity price declines threaten to erase progress. An uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy are long-term problems for the large mining sector and for the economy as a whole. ++ ++ The country marked its thirteenth consecutive year of positive economic expansion in 2015. Much economic activity still occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. The DRC signed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF in 2009 and received $12 billion in multilateral and bilateral debt relief in 2010, but the IMF at the end of 2012 suspended the last three payments under the loan facility - worth $240 million - because of concerns about the lack of transparency in mining contracts. In 2012, the DRC updated its business laws by adhering to OHADA, the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$62.87 billion (2015 est.) ++ $58.35 billion (2014 est.) ++ $53.45 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$66.01 billion (2016 est.) ++ $63.51 billion (2015 est.) ++ $59.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$38.87 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$39.82 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2015 est.) ++ 9.2% (2014 est.) ++ 8.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.9% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 9.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$800 (2015 est.) ++ $700 (2014 est.) ++ $700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$800 (2016 est.) ++ $800 (2015 est.) ++ $700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "73.1%" + "text": "73.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.6%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.8%" + "text": "21%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "25.3%" + "text": "23.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-33.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-32.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "32.9%" + "text": "31.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "46.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "48.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -578,10 +578,10 @@ "text": "mining (copper, cobalt, gold, diamonds, coltan, zinc, tin, tungsten), mineral processing, consumer products (textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes), metal products, processed foods and beverages, timber, cement, commercial ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "30.05 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "31.08 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -610,50 +610,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$5.444 billion" + "text": "$5.448 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.644 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.837 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "17.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "18.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 17.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ 1.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4% (31 December 2012) ++ 20% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "19.37% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 18.69% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "19.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 19.37% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.213 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.123 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.212 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.213 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$5.018 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.402 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.381 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.844 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.701 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.381 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$4.726 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.449 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$308 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.436 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.35 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.32 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.316 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.35 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, cobalt, wood products, crude oil, coffee" @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "China 43.5%, Zambia 25%, South Korea 4.9%, Belgium 4.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$10.46 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.96 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.46 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels" @@ -671,30 +671,16 @@ "text": "China 20.6%, South Africa 17.7%, Zambia 12.3%, Belgium 6.9%, Zimbabwe 5.1%, India 4.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.216 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.557 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$774 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.216 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.106 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.508 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.331 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.106 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Congolese francs (CDF) per US dollar - ++ 925.99 (2015 est.) ++ 925.23 (2014 est.) ++ 925.23 (2013 est.) ++ 920.25 (2012 est.) ++ 899 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Congolese francs (CDF) per US dollar - ++ 971.6 (2016 est.) ++ 925.99 (2015 est.) ++ 925.99 (2014 est.) ++ 925.23 (2013 est.) ++ 920.25 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "61,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "9%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "19%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "2% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "8.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -794,7 +780,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned TV broadcast station with near national coverage; more than a dozen privately owned TV stations - 2 with near national coverage; 2 state-owned radio stations are supplemented by more than 100 private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "state-owned TV broadcast station with near national coverage; more than a dozen privately owned TV stations - 2 with near national coverage; 2 state-owned radio stations are supplemented by more than 100 private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cd" @@ -928,7 +914,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "245,052 (Rwanda); 5,597 South Sudan (2015); 95,606 (Central African Republic); 29,639 (Burundi) (2016)" + "text": "245,052 (Rwanda); 5,597 South Sudan (2015); 103,717 (Central African Republic); 31,310 (Burundi) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,722,082 (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2016)" diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index d2a3032c..5d2d8de6 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -537,55 +537,55 @@ "text": "Modest oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions provide Cameroon with one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oil remains Cameroon’s main export commodity, and despite falling global oil prices, still accounts for nearly 40% of export earnings. Cameroon’s economy suffers from factors that often impact underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, continuing inefficiencies of a large parastatal system in key sectors, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. ++ ++ Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF continues to press for economic reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. The Government of Cameroon provides subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel that have strained the federal budget and diverted funds from education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects, especially in 2015, as low oil prices have led to lower revenues. ++ ++ Cameroon devotes significant resources to several large infrastructure projects currently under construction, including a deep sea port in Kribi and the Lom Pangar Hydropower Project. Cameroon’s energy sector continues to diversify, recently opening a natural gas powered electricity generating plant. Cameroon continues to seek foreign investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, create jobs, and improve its economic footprint, but its unfavorable business environment remains a significant deterrent to foreign investment." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$72.64 billion (2015 est.) ++ $68.61 billion (2014 est.) ++ $64.78 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$77.24 billion (2016 est.) ++ $73.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $69.66 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$28.48 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$30.87 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.9% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.) ++ 5.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,100 (2015 est.) ++ $3,000 (2014 est.) ++ $2,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,300 (2016 est.) ++ $3,200 (2015 est.) ++ $3,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "17.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 17.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "77.6%" + "text": "76.8%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "12.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "22.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-33.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-32.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "21.6%" + "text": "21.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.6%" + "text": "30.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "47.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "47.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -595,10 +595,10 @@ "text": "petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "9.379 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "9.612 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -630,50 +630,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$4.788 billion" + "text": "$4.765 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$6.292 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$6.497 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "28.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "31.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.691 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.877 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.973 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.691 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$5.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.217 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.514 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.993 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$4.448 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.769 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.777 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.448 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$230 million (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.647 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.396 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.297 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.192 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.756 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.679 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.559 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.756 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton" @@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ "text": "China 16.7%, India 15.7%, Spain 6.2%, Belgium 6.1%, France 6.1%, Portugal 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, Italy 5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.915 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.63 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food" @@ -691,30 +691,16 @@ "text": "China 27.9%, Nigeria 13.9%, France 10.9%, Belgium 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.714 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.204 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.416 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.714 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$6.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.289 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.375 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "10,100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "55%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "88%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "17% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "6.8 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -804,7 +790,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "system includes cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter; Camtel, the monopoly provider of fixed-line service, provides connections for only about 4 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable" + "text": "system includes cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter; Camtel, the monopoly provider of fixed-line service, provides connections for only about 4 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the count" }, "domestic": { "text": "mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of 70 per 100 persons" @@ -814,7 +800,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007, when the government finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operating but are subject to closure at any time; foreign news services required to partner with state-owned national station (2007)" + "text": "government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007, when the government fi (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cm" @@ -937,7 +923,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "259,145 (Central African Republic); 86,039 (Nigeria) (2016)" + "text": "259,145 (Central African Republic); 87,112 (Nigeria) (2017)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "198,889 (2016)" diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index 6ed5da09..b8ccc3e4 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ "text": "16.9% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Soilihi Mohamed MAMADOU (since 18 November 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador Soilihi Mohamed SOILIHI (since 18 November 2014)" }, "chancery": { "text": "Mission to the US, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 418, New York, NY 10017" @@ -473,55 +473,55 @@ "text": "One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that are hampered by inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, accounts for 50% of GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. Export income is heavily reliant on the three main crops of vanilla, cloves, and ylang-ylang; and Comoros' export earnings are easily disrupted by disasters such as fires and extreme weather. Despite agriculture’s importance to the economy, the country imports roughly 70% of its food; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. ++ ++ Authorities are negotiating with the IMF for triennial program assistance. The government - which is racked by internal political disputes - is struggling to provide basic services, upgrade education and technical training, privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, improve health services, diversify exports, promote tourism, and reduce the high population growth rate. Recurring political instability, sometimes initiated from outside the country, has inhibited growth. Remittances from about 200,000 Comorans contribute about 25% of the country’s GDP. In December 2012, IMF and the World Bank's International Development Association supported $176 million in debt relief for Comoros, resulting in a 59% reduction of its future external debt service over a period of 40 years. In late 2013, a US-based investment company invested $200 million in a project to explore for hydrocarbons in Comoran territorial waters, the largest financial investment in the country’s history." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.214 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.202 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.179 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.259 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.232 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.22 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$589 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$622 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 3.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,500 (2014 est.) ++ $1,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,500 (2016 est.) ++ $1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "11.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "102.2%" + "text": "104.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.4%" + "text": "19.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "14.4%" + "text": "11.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "13.1%" + "text": "10.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "19.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-67.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-65% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "49.6%" + "text": "50%" }, "industry": { - "text": "12.2%" + "text": "12.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "38.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "37.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ "text": "fishing, tourism, perfume distillation" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "245,200 (2013 est.)" @@ -560,44 +560,44 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$159.2 million" + "text": "$165 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$175.4 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$185.5 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.93% (31 December 2010) ++ 2.21% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "10.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 10.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$169 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $153.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$201.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $169 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$269.6 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $251.9 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$303 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $251.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$142.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $166.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$180.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $142.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$60 million (2015 est.) ++ -$74 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$56 million (2016 est.) ++ $5 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$18.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $19.8 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $18.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), cloves" @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ "text": "India 28.7%, France 17%, Germany 8.7%, Saudi Arabia 7.1%, Singapore 6.6%, Netherlands 6.1%, Mauritius 5.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$195.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $212.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$191.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $195.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement and construction materials, transport equipment" @@ -615,27 +615,13 @@ "text": "China 18.9%, Pakistan 16.2%, France 14.7%, UAE 11.3%, India 6.3% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$132.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $145 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$133.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $132.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - ++ 443.6 (2015 est.) ++ 370.81 (2014 est.) ++ 370.81 (2013 est.) ++ 382.9 (2012 est.) ++ 353.9 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - ++ 449.1 (2016 est.) ++ 443.6 (2015 est.) ++ 443.6 (2014 est.) ++ 370.81 (2013 est.) ++ 382.9 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "69%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "89%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "62% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "44 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -735,7 +721,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station; a few independent and small community radio stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV (2007)" + "text": "national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station; a few independent and small community radio sta (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".km" diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 3c76a7f4..ea7cfea0 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -432,13 +432,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (105 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (131 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23 January 2011 and 27 March 2011 (first round of elections is scheduled for 27 December 2015)" + "text": "last held February 2016 and 31 March 2016 (next election to be held in 2021)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KNK 61, Presidential Majority 11, independent 26, other 2; note - information on 5 seats is unavailable" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNDP 13, URCA 13, RDC 10, MLPC 9, KNK 7, independents 56, other 23" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Action Party for Development or PAD ++ Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA] ++ Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire Nzanga KOLINGBA] ++ Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH] ++ Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE] ++ National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE] ++ New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE] ++ Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]" + "text": "Action Party for Development or PAD ++ Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA] ++ Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire Nzanga KOLINGBA] ++ Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH] ++ Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE] ++ National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE] ++ National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Amine MICHEL] ++ New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE] ++ Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country) (suspended), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -515,55 +515,55 @@ "text": "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry and mining, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of GDP. Timber and diamonds account for most export earnings, followed by cotton. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked geography, poor transportation system, largely unskilled work force, and legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs. ++ ++ Since 2009, the IMF has worked closely with the government to institute reforms that have resulted in some improvement in budget transparency, but other problems remain. The government's additional spending in the run-up to the 2011 election worsened CAR's fiscal situation. In 2012, the World Bank approved $125 million in funding for transport infrastructure and regional trade, focused on the route between CAR's capital and the port of Douala in Cameroon. After a two-year lag in donor support, the IMF's first review of CAR's extended credit facility for 2012-15 praised improvements in revenue collection but warned of weak management of spending. ++ ++ Kimberley Process participants partially lifted the ban on diamond exports from the country in 2015, but persistent insecurity will prevent GDP from recovering to its pre-2013 level." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.018 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.893 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.864 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.206 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.048 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.908 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.605 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.782 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.) ++ -36% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$600 (2015 est.) ++ $600 (2014 est.) ++ $600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$700 (2016 est.) ++ $600 (2015 est.) ++ $600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 5.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 4.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "109.6%" + "text": "108.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "9.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "10.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "13.5%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-40.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "58.3%" + "text": "58%" }, "industry": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "11.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "29.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -573,10 +573,10 @@ "text": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.358 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.421 million (2016 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8% (2001 est.)", @@ -600,47 +600,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$176.2 million" + "text": "$207.1 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$255.1 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$284.7 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "11% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "11.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 11.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$340.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $376.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$392.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $340.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$410.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $454.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$500.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $426.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$444.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $457.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$521.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $444.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$205 million (2015 est.) ++ -$95 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$178 million (2016 est.) ++ -$144 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$70.5 million (2015 est.) ++ $76.7 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$77 million (2016 est.) ++ $70.5 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee" @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ "text": "Norway 52.2%, China 14.1%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 8.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$360.4 million (2015 est.) ++ $401.3 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$375.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $360.4 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals" @@ -658,27 +658,13 @@ "text": "Norway 39.6%, France 6.8%, US 4.6% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$661.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $657.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$686.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $661.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "4,500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "3%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "5%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "1% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -771,14 +757,14 @@ "text": "network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication" }, "domestic": { - "text": "very limited telephone service with less than 1 fixed-line connection per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular service providers, cellular usage is increasing from a low base; most fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone services are concentrated in Bangui" + "text": "very limited telephone service with less than 1 fixed-line connection per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular service providers, cellular usage is increasing from a low base; most fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone servi" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government-owned network, Radiodiffusion Television Centrafricaine, provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "government-owned network, Radiodiffusion Television Centrafricaine, provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations as wel (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cf" @@ -878,7 +864,7 @@ "text": "5,183 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "384,884 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2016)" + "text": "462,476 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2016)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index fe51012c..79681d42 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -498,55 +498,55 @@ "text": "Cabo Verde’s economy is vulnerable to external shocks and depends on development aid, foreign investment, remittances, and tourism. The economy is service-oriented with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. Tourism is the mainstay of the economy and depends on conditions in the euro-zone countries. Cabo Verde annually runs a high trade deficit financed by foreign aid and remittances from its large pool of emigrants; remittances as a share of GDP are one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. ++ ++ Although about 40% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. The island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages, exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and poor soil for growing food on several of the islands, requiring it to import most of what it consumes. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. ++ ++ Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy and mitigate high unemployment. The government’s elevated debt levels have limited its capacity to finance any shortfalls." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.423 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.363 billion (2014 est.) ++ $3.302 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.583 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.457 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.408 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.595 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.684 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,500 (2015 est.) ++ $6,500 (2014 est.) ++ $6,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,700 (2016 est.) ++ $6,600 (2015 est.) ++ $6,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "30.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 28.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "33.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 36.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "56.2%" + "text": "53.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "34%" + "text": "33.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.9%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "33.9%" + "text": "32.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-40.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-35.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "7.3%" + "text": "7.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "16.5%" + "text": "16.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "76.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "76.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ "text": "food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "196,100 (2007 est.)" @@ -572,52 +572,52 @@ "text": "1.9%" }, "highest 10%": { - "text": "40.6% (2000)" + "text": "40.6% (2001)" } }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$406.3 million" + "text": "$405.7 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$474.7 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$477.4 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "116% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 110.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "116.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 116% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 7.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "10.41% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.89% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 10.41% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$557.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $597.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$576.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $557.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.621 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.608 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.552 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.526 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.324 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.449 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.309 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.324 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$147 million (2015 est.) ++ -$150 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$130 million (2016 est.) ++ -$69 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$149.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $253.3 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$148.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $149.2 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fuel (re-exports), shoes, garments, fish, hides" @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ "text": "Australia 83%, Spain 8.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$630.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $857.4 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$618.1 million (2016 est.) ++ $630.7 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels" @@ -635,30 +635,16 @@ "text": "Portugal 29.9%, Australia 26.4%, Netherlands 11.2%, Spain 5.6%, China 5.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$494.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $510.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$447.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $494.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.534 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.537 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.534 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cabo Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - ++ 99.426 (2015 est.) ++ 83.114 (2014 est.) ++ 83.114 (2013 est.) ++ 85.82 (2012 est.) ++ 79.32 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cabo Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - ++ 101.8 (2016 est.) ++ 99.426 (2015 est.) ++ 99.426 (2014 est.) ++ 83.114 (2013 est.) ++ 85.82 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "153,027" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "70.6%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "84.4%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "46.8% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "400 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 0d90f981..5886545d 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afar minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential election resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to begin a third term in 2011. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and serves as an important shipping portal for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands and transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government holds longstanding ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, and has strong ties with the US. Djibouti hosts several thousand members of US armed services at US-run Camp Lemonnier." + "text": "The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afar minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential election resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to serve a third term in 2011 and begin a fourth term in 2016. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and serves as an important shipping portal for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands and transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government holds longstanding ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, and has strong ties with the US. Djibouti hosts several thousand members of US armed services at US-run Camp Lemonnier." } }, "Geography": { @@ -488,55 +488,55 @@ "text": "Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location as a deepwater port on the Red Sea. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall and less than 4% arable land limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. ++ ++ Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and re-exports represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Reexports consist primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An official unemployment rate of nearly 50% - with youth unemployment near 80% - continues to be a major problem. Inflation declined to 3% in 2014 due to low international food prices and a decline in electricity tariffs. ++ ++ Djibouti’s reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food and water leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks, though in mid-2015 Djibouti passed new legislation to liberalize the energy sector. The government has emphasized infrastructure development for transportation and energy and Djibouti – with the help of foreign partners – has begun to increase and modernize its port capacity." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.094 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.905 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.741 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.345 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.141 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.949 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.727 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.894 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.) ++ 5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.) ++ 6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,200 (2015 est.) ++ $3,100 (2014 est.) ++ $3,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,400 (2016 est.) ++ $3,300 (2015 est.) ++ $3,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "41.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 33.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 33.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "58.4%" + "text": "60.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "33.7%" + "text": "32%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "42%" + "text": "42.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "34.6%" + "text": "34.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-69.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-69.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.1%" + "text": "2.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "20.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "75.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "76.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ "text": "construction, agricultural processing, shipping" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "294,600 (2012)" @@ -584,17 +584,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$615.5 million" + "text": "$685.7 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$860 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$885.9 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-14.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-10.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "38.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" @@ -603,25 +603,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 2.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11.62% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.69% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "11.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11.62% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.182 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $963.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.207 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.182 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.43 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.24 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.71 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.572 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$597.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $527.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$652 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $597.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$504 million (2015 est.) ++ -$407 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$325 million (2016 est.) ++ -$530 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$141.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $127 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$146.1 million (2016 est.) ++ $141.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit), scrap metal" @@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ "text": "Somalia 79.8%, US 5.4%, Yemen 4.6%, UAE 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.038 billion (2015 est.) ++ $930.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$992 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.038 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, clothing" @@ -639,30 +639,16 @@ "text": "China 42.1%, Saudi Arabia 14.3%, Indonesia 5.9%, India 4.4% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $957.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.339 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.368 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $935.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.767 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.368 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar - ++ 177.72 (2015 est.) ++ 177.72 (2014 est.) ++ 177.72 (2013 est.) ++ 177.72 (2012 est.) ++ 177.72 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar - ++ 177.7 (2016 est.) ++ 177.72 (2015 est.) ++ 177.72 (2014 est.) ++ 177.72 (2013 est.) ++ 177.72 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "50%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "61%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "14% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "400 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -755,10 +741,10 @@ "text": "telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country" }, "domestic": { - "text": "Djibouti Telecom is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage is primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city" + "text": "Djibouti Telecom is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network (2015)" + "text": "country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regi (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 1b55fe18..38105d8f 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "36,500 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms" }, @@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "43.1% of total population (2015)" @@ -431,13 +437,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nowaab); 596 seats; 448 members directly elected by individual candidacy system, 120 members - with quotas for women, youth, Christians and workers - elected in party-list constituencies by simple majority popular vote, and 28 members selected by the president; member term NA; note - inaugural session held on 10 January 2016" + "text": "unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nowaab); 596 seats; 448 members directly elected by individual candidacy system, 120 members - with quotas for women, youth, Christians and workers - elected in party-list constituencies by simple majority popular vote, and 28 members selected by the president; member term 5 years; note - inaugural session held on 10 January 2016" }, "elections": { - "text": "multi-phase election completed on 16 December 2015 (next election NA)" + "text": "multi-phase election completed on 16 December 2015 (next election 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -– Free Egyptians Party 65, Nation’s Future Party 53, New Wafd Party 36, Homeland’s Protector Party 18, Republican People’s Party 13, Congress Party 12, al-Nour Party 11, Conservative Party 6, Democratic Peace Party 5, Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4, Egyptian National Movement 4, Modern Egypt Party 4, Reform and Development Party 3, Freedom Party 3, My Homeland Egypt Party 3, National Progressive Unionist Party 2, Arab Democratic Nasserist Party 1, Revolutionary Guards Party 1, Free Egyptian Building Party 1, independent 351" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -453,7 +459,7 @@ }, "Political parties and leaders": { "officially recognized": { - "text": "Al-Dustour (Constitution) Party [Tamer GOMAA] ++ Al-Karama Party [Mohamed SAMY] ++ Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN] ++ Al-Wasat Party [Mohamad Abdel LATIF] ++ Al-Watan [Imad Abd al-GHAFUR] ++ Building and Development Party or BDP [Yomna EL-HAMAKI] ++ Conference Party [Omar EL-MOKHTAR] ++ Congress Party [Omar Mokhtar SEMEIDA] ++ Egyptian National Movement Party [Ahmed SHAFIK] ++ Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Mervat TALAWAY] ++ El Tagamu'u Party [Sayed Abdel AAL] ++ Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL] ++ Future of Homeland Party [Qadry ABU HUSSEIN] ++ Knights of Egypt Party [General Abdel Rafe DARWISH] ++ Mostaqbal Watan Party [Mohamed BADRAN] ++ New Wafd Party [Sayed al-BADADWI] ++ Popular Current Party [Ahmed Kamel AL-BEHERI] ++ Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT] ++ Socialist Popular Alliance [Abu Al-Izz AL-HARIRI] ++ Strong Egypt Party [Abdel Moneim Aboul FOTOUH]" + "text": "Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN] ++ Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [Sameh ASHOUR] ++ Congress Party [Omar Mokhtar SEMEIDA] ++ Conservative Party [Akmal KOURTAM] ++ Democratic Peace Party [Ahmed FADALY] ++ Egyptian National Movement Party [Ibrahim DARWISH] ++ Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Mervat TALAWAY] ++ El Tagamu'u Party (National Progressibve Unionist [Sayed Abdel AAL] ++ Freedom Party [Mamdouh HASSAN] ++ Free Egyptian Building Party ++ Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL] ++ Homeland’s Protector Party [Lt. Gen. (retired) Galal AL-HARIDI] ++ Modern Egypt Party [Nabil DEIBIS] ++ Mostaqbal Watan (Nation’s Future) Party [Mohamed Ashraf RASHAD] ++ My Homeland Egypt Party [Qadry ABU HUSSEIN] ++ National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party [Sayed Abdel AAL] ++ Nation's Future Party [Ashraf RASHAD, secretary general] ++ New Wafd Party [Sayed al-BADAWI] ++ Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT] ++ Republican People’s Party [Hazim AMR] ++ Revolutionary Guards Party [Magdy EL-SHARIF]" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { @@ -473,7 +479,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 895-5400" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 244-4319" + "text": "[1] (202) 244-5131" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -522,55 +528,55 @@ "text": "Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. ++ ++ Cairo from 2004 to 2008 pursued business climate reforms to attract foreign investment and facilitate growth. Poor living conditions and limited job opportunities for the average Egyptian contribute to public discontent, a major factor leading to the January 2011 revolution that ousted MUBARAK. The uncertain political, security, and policy environment since 2011 caused economic growth to slow significantly, hurting tourism, manufacturing, and other sectors and pushing up unemployment. ++ ++ Weak growth and limited foreign exchange earnings have made public finances unsustainable, leaving authorities dependent on expensive borrowing for deficit finance and on Gulf allies to help cover the import bill. In 2015, higher levels of foreign investment contributed to a slight rebound in GDP growth after a particularly depressed post-revolution period." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.048 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.006 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $984 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.105 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.064 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.021 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$330.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$342.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.) ++ 2.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 4.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,800 (2015 est.) ++ $11,600 (2014 est.) ++ $11,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$12,100 (2016 est.) ++ $12,000 (2015 est.) ++ $11,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "9.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 13% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 10.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82.2%" + "text": "84.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.8%" + "text": "12%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.7%" + "text": "12.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "12.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-21.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-21.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "11.2%" + "text": "11.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "36.3%" + "text": "35.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "52.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "52.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -580,10 +586,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "31.14 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "31.96 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -597,7 +603,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "12.8% (2015 est.) ++ 13% (2014 est.)" + "text": "13.1% (2016 est.) ++ 12.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.2% (2011 est.)" @@ -615,53 +621,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$69.02 billion" + "text": "$60.09 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$107.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$92.37 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "17.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-11.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-9.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "90.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 89.1% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "92.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 90.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury, treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury, treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-govern" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10.4% (2015 est.) ++ 10.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "12.1% (2016 est.) ++ 10.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9.75% (30 October 2014) ++ 8.75% (5 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11.63% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.71% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11.63% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$66.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $62.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$55.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $66.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$245.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $224.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$210.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $243.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$297.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $259.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$260.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $297.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$73.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $58.01 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $48.68 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$55.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $70.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $61.63 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$12.18 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.356 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$12.18 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$12.18 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$19.03 billion (2015 est.) ++ $25.27 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.73 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.03 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food" @@ -670,7 +676,7 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 9.1%, Italy 7.5%, Turkey 5.8%, UAE 5.1%, US 5.1%, UK 4.4%, India 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$57.17 billion (2015 est.) ++ $64.45 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$50.07 billion (2016 est.) ++ $57.17 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels" @@ -679,36 +685,22 @@ "text": "China 13%, Germany 7.7%, US 5.9%, Turkey 4.5%, Russia 4.4%, Italy 4.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$15.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$44.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $39.62 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$50.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $44.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$89.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $84.39 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$94.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $89.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$7.362 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.839 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.042 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.362 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - ++ 7.7133 (2015 est.) ++ 7.08 (2014 est.) ++ 7.08 (2013 est.) ++ 6.06 (2012 est.) ++ 5.9358 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - ++ 9.71 (2016 est.) ++ 7.7133 (2015 est.) ++ 7.7133 (2014 est.) ++ 7.08 (2013 est.) ++ 6.06 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.6%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99.3% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "162 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -804,11 +796,11 @@ "text": "largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a near 100-percent penetration of the market" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2015)" + "text": "country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat) (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks, as well as a few satellite channels; about 20 private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available via subscription; state-run radio operates about 70 stations belonging to 8 networks; 2 privately owned radio stations operational (2008)" + "text": "mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks, as well as a few satellite channels; about 20 private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available via (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".eg" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 1818838e..79f01425 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO] ++ Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Jeronimo OSA OSA ECORO] (ruling party) ++ Electoral Coalition or EC ++ Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE] ++ Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]", + "text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO] ++ Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo] (ruling party) ++ Electoral Coalition or EC ++ Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE] ++ Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]", "not officially registered parties": { "text": "Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guillermo NGUEMA ELA] ++ Independent Candidacy or CI [Gabriel NSE OBIANG OBONO] ++ Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO] ++ Union for the Center Right or UDC [Avelino MOCACHE MEAENGA]" }, @@ -486,55 +486,55 @@ "text": "Exploitation of oil and gas deposits, beginning in the 1990s, has driven economic growth in Equatorial Guinea, allowing per capita GDP to rise to over $29,000 in 2014. Forestry and farming are minor components of GDP. Although preindependence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy since independence has diminished the potential for agriculture-led growth. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Declining revenue from hydrocarbon production, high levels of infrastructure expenditures, lack of economic diversification, and corruption have pushed the economy into decline in recent years and led to limited improvements in the general population’s living conditions. ++ ++ Foreign assistance programs by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement, and as a middle income country Equatorial Guinea is now ineligible for most donor assistance. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues and has attempted to address this issue by working towards compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. US foreign assistance to Equatorial Guinea is limited in part because of US restrictions pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. ++ ++ Equatorial Guinea hosted two economic diversification symposia in 2014 that focused on attracting investment in five sectors: agriculture and animal ranching, fishing, mining and petrochemicals, tourism, and financial services. Undeveloped mineral resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$25.39 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.91 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.99 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$31.77 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.25 billion (2015 est.) ++ $38.08 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.403 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.64 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-12.2% (2015 est.) ++ -0.3% (2014 est.) ++ -6.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-9.9% (2016 est.) ++ -7.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$31,800 (2015 est.) ++ $37,200 (2014 est.) ++ $38,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$38,700 (2016 est.) ++ $44,100 (2015 est.) ++ $48,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "40.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 48.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "19.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 36.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "21%" + "text": "25.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "5.6%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "55.1%" + "text": "69.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "67.1%" + "text": "53.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-48.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-54.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8%" + "text": "8.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "77.1%" + "text": "71.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "14.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "16.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "text": "petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-17.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "195,200 (2007 est.)" @@ -565,47 +565,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.935 billion" + "text": "$2.436 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.619 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.862 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "20.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "16.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "24.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "11.7% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.) ++ 11.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "8.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "14% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.888 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.465 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.445 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.888 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$3.788 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.841 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.557 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $666.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.443 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.557 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$617 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.493 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.368 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.322 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$7.41 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.76 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.064 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.41 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, timber" @@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ "text": "China 16.6%, South Korea 15.1%, Spain 9%, Brazil 8.2%, Netherlands 6.8%, South Africa 6.6%, India 5.8%, UK 5.7%, France 5.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.953 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.475 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.03 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.953 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum sector equipment, other equipment, construction materials, vehicles" @@ -623,30 +623,16 @@ "text": "Netherlands 16.9%, Spain 16.3%, China 14.8%, US 8.9%, Cote dIvoire 6%, France 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.205 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.907 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$621.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.205 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.194 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.459 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.364 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.194 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "66%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "93%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "48% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "98 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -746,7 +732,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible (2013)" + "text": "state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldes (2013)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gq" diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index afb3bbbb..602eca8b 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -290,9 +290,6 @@ "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "38.8% (2010)" }, - "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2006)" - }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" @@ -453,7 +450,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Louis MAZEL (since 10 July 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Natalie E. BROWN (since September 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "179 Ala Street, Asmara" @@ -494,55 +491,55 @@ "text": "Since formal independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced many economic problems, including lack of financial resources and chronic drought, which have been exacerbated by restrictive economic policies. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice. Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% in Eritrea - is engaged in subsistence agriculture, but the sector only produces a small share of the country's total output. ++ ++ Since the conclusion of the Ethiopia-Eritrea war in 2000, the government has expanded use of military and party-owned businesses to complete President ISAIAS's development agenda. The government has strictly controlled the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability; new regulations in 2013 aimed at relaxing currency controls have had little economic effect. Few large private enterprises exist in Eritrea and most operate in conjunction with government partners, including a number of large international mining ventures, which began production in 2013. In late 2015, the government of Eritrea introduced a new currency, retaining the name nakfa, and restricted the amount of hard currency individuals could withdraw from banks per month. The changeover has resulted in exchange fluctuations and the scarcity of hard currency available in the market. ++ ++ While reliable statistics on food security are difficult to obtain, erratic rainfall and the percentage of the labor force tied up in national service continue to interfere with agricultural production and economic development. Eritrea's harvests generally cannot meet the food needs of the country without supplemental grain purchases. Copper, potash, and gold production are likely to drive economic growth and government revenue over the next few years, but military spending will continue to compete with development and investment plans. Eritrea's economic future will depend on market reform, international sanctions, global food prices, and success at addressing social problems such as refugee emigration." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$8.713 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.316 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.921 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$9.169 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.845 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.442 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.666 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.352 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.) ++ 3.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,300 (2015 est.) ++ $1,300 (2014 est.) ++ $1,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,300 (2016 est.) ++ $1,300 (2015 est.) ++ $1,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars; estimates for the size of the Eritrean population vary widely from 3 to 6 million" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 6.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "81.7%" + "text": "80.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "22.4%" + "text": "23.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "10.2%" + "text": "9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "9.4%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-23.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-22.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "12.5%" + "text": "12.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.5%" + "text": "29.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "60% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -552,10 +549,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "12.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.542 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.62 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -581,79 +578,65 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.216 billion" + "text": "$1.58 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.834 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.165 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "29.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-13.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-10.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "121.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 120.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "119.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 121.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9.8% (2015 est.) ++ 10.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (2016 est.) ++ 9.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "NA%" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.386 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.118 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.709 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.386 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$5.523 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.494 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.058 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.259 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$4.774 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.221 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.371 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.774 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$102 million (2015 est.) ++ $23 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10 million (2016 est.) ++ -$102 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$415.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $496.3 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$485.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $415.3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold and other minerals, livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small industry manufactures" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.024 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.131 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.022 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.024 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$209.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $221.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$213.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $209.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$831.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $908.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$820.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $831.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - ++ 15.375 (2015 est.) ++ 15.375 (2014 est.) ++ 15.375 (2013 est.) ++ 15.375 (2012 est.) ++ 15.375 (2011 est.)" + "text": "nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - ++ 15.38 (2016 est.) ++ 15.375 (2015 est.) ++ 15.375 (2014 est.) ++ 15.375 (2013 est.) ++ 15.375 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "4,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "32%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "86%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "17% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 453c4f4d..bf0a4f6b 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Peter H. VROOMAN (since 2015)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Peter H. VROOMAN (since 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Entoto Street, Addis Ababa" @@ -536,55 +536,55 @@ "text": "Ethiopia has grown at a rate between 8% and 11% annually for more than a decade and the country is the fifth-fastest growing economy among the 188 IMF member countries. This growth has been driven by sustained progress in the agricultural and service sectors. Ethiopia has the lowest level of income-inequality in Africa and one of the lowest in the world, with a Gini coefficient comparable to that of the Scandinavian countries. Yet despite progress toward eliminating extreme poverty, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world, due both to rapid population growth and a low starting base. Changes in rainfall associated with world-wide weather patterns resulted in the worst drought in thirty years in 2015/2016, creating food insecurity for millions of Ethiopians. ++ ++ Almost 80% of Ethiopia’s population is still employed in the agricultural sector, but services have surpassed agriculture as the principal source of GDP. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to tenants. Since 2005, the Ethiopian government has introduced a system to register traditional land use rights and provide certificates documenting these rights. Initial surveys show that land-use certificates have significantly increased the willingness of farmers to invest in improvements on their land, from terracing to irrigation. However, title rights in urban areas, particularly Addis Ababa, are poorly regulated, and subject to corruption. ++ ++ Ethiopia’s export earnings are led by the services sector - primarily Ethiopian airlines - followed by several commodities. While coffee remains the largest foreign exchange earner, Ethiopia is diversifying exports and commodities such as gold, sesame, khat, livestock and horticulture products are becoming increasingly important. Manufacturing represents less than 8% of total exports. The banking, insurance, telecommunications, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted significant foreign investment in textiles, leather, commercial agriculture, and light manufacturing. ++ ++ Ethiopia remains a one-party state with a planned economy. In the fall of 2015, the government finalized and published the current 2016-2020 five year plan, known as the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II). GTP II emphasizes developing manufactures in sectors where Ethiopia has a comparative advantage in exporting, including textiles and garments, leather goods, and processed agricultural products. New infrastructure projects are to include power production and distribution, roads, rails, airports and industrial parks. To support industrialization, Ethiopia plans to increase power generation by 8,320 MW, up from an installed capacity of 2,000 MW, by building three more major dams and expanding to other sources of renewable energy. Construction is underway on an electric railway network that will connect Ethiopia to all its neighbors, with a link to the Port of Djibouti already finished and partially functioning. A tripling of capacity at the international airport in Addis Ababa to 25 million passengers will be completed in 2017, while construction of a completely new airport is being planned by 2025. Meanwhile, the domestic airport network has expanded to nineteen airports in a country where mountains and deserts make developing and maintaining a road network challenging. Despite difficult topography, more than a hundred thousand kilometers of roads have been built, connecting previously isolated regions." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$161.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $146.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $133 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$174.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $164.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $148.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$61.63 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$69.22 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "10.2% (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% (2014 est.) ++ 9.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.) ++ 10.2% (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,700 (2014 est.) ++ $1,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,900 (2016 est.) ++ $1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "38% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 38% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 34.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "29% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 30.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "66.8%" + "text": "65.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "10.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "38%" + "text": "37.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "8.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-23.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-22.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "40.5%" + "text": "36.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "17%" }, "services": { - "text": "43.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "46.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -594,10 +594,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "21.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "49.27 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.97 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -629,53 +629,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$9.262 billion" + "text": "$10.07 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$10.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.85 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "49.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 54.5% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "54.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 49.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "official data cover central government debt, including debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury and treasury debt owned by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "official data cover central government debt, including debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury and treasury debt owned by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragov" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "8 July - 7 July" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2016 est.) ++ 10.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA%" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$11.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.43 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$23.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $24.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$28.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$36.33 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$7.893 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$4.407 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$7.427 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$7.392 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.935 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.283 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.932 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.935 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee (27%, by value), oilseeds (17%), edible vegetables including khat (17%), gold (13%), flowers (7%), live animals (7%), raw leather products (3%), meat products (3%)" @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "text": "Switzerland 14.3%, China 11.7%, US 9.5%, Netherlands 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.9%, Germany 5.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$15.87 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.86 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.87 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and aircraft (14%, by value), metal and metal products, (14%), electrical materials, (13%), petroleum products (12%), motor vehicles, (10%), chemicals and fertilizers (4%)" @@ -693,30 +693,16 @@ "text": "China 20.4%, US 9.2%, Saudi Arabia 6.5%, India 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$3.113 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.132 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.956 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.113 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$19.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "birr (ETB) per US dollar - ++ 21.55 (2015 est.) ++ 19.8 (2014 est.) ++ 19.8 (2013 est.) ++ 17.71 (2012 est.) ++ 16.899 (2011 est.)" + "text": "birr (ETB) per US dollar - ++ 23.25 (2016 est.) ++ 21.55 (2015 est.) ++ 21.55 (2014 est.) ++ 19.8 (2013 est.) ++ 17.71 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "71,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "24%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "85%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "10% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "9.5 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -936,7 +922,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "321,231 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers); 254,965 (Somalia) (refugees); 155,276 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers); 37,959 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2016)" + "text": "337,925 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers); 254,965 (Somalia) (refugees); 155,276 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers); 37,959 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "450,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Sumale and Oromiya regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2015)" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index ca09c449..3b7dbf15 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western" + "text": "5 regions, 1 city*, and 1 municipality**; Banjul*, Central River, Kanifing**, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, West Coast" }, "Independence": { "text": "18 February 1965 (from the UK)" @@ -411,10 +411,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Yahya JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Elect Adama BARROW (since 1 December 2016); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Yahya JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997)" + "text": "President Elect Adama BARROW (since 1 December 2016); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24 November 2011 (next to be held on 1 December 2016)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Yahya JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya JAMMEH (APRC) 71.5%, Ousainou DARBOE (UDP) 17.4%, Hamat BAH (NRP) 11.1%" + "text": "Adama BARROW elected president; percent of vote - Adama BARROW (opposition coalition) 45.5%, Yahya JAMMEH (APRC)36.7%, Mamma KANDEH (G" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya JAMMEH] ++ Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY] ++ Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ] ++ National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH] ++ National Convention Party or NCP [Ebrima Janko SANYANG] ++ People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH] ++ People's Progressive Party or PPP [Omar JALLOW] ++ United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]" + "text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya JAMMEH] ++ Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mamma KANDEH] ++ Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY] ++ Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ] ++ National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH] ++ National Convention Party or NCP [Ebrima Janko SANYANG] ++ People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH] ++ People's Progressive Party or PPP [Omar JALLOW] ++ United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "The Association of Non-Governmental Organizations or TANGO ++ Female Lawyers Association of Gambia or FLAG ++ Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices or GAMCOTRAP ++ Gambia Press Union or GPU ++ West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA ++ Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia", @@ -514,55 +514,55 @@ "text": "The government has invested strongly in the agriculture sector because three-quarters of the population depends on the sector for its livelihood and agriculture provides for another one-fifth of GDP. The agricultural sector has untapped potential - less than half of arable land is cultivated. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's re-export trade accounts for almost 80% of goods exports and China has been its largest trade partner for both exports and imports for several years. ++ ++ The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits and a limited agricultural base. It relies heavily on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. Remittance inflows to The Gambia amount to about one-fifth of the country’s GDP. The Gambia's natural beauty and proximity to Europe has made it one of the larger tourist destinations in West Africa, boosted by government and private sector investments in eco-tourism and upscale facilities. Tourism normally brings in about 20% of GDP, but suffered in 2014 from tourists’ fears of Ebola virus in neighboring West African countries. Unemployment and underemployment remain high. ++ ++ Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. International donors and lenders continue to be concerned about the quality of fiscal management. The IMF provided $10.8 million in emergency financial assistance to The Gambia in April 2015 to shore up the country’s finances. Relations with international donors have been tarnished by the country’s human rights record." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.261 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.124 billion (2014 est.) ++ $3.131 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.387 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.31 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.172 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$893 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$886 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,600 (2015 est.) ++ $1,600 (2014 est.) ++ $1,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,700 (2016 est.) ++ $1,700 (2015 est.) ++ $1,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 6.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "11.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "81.7%" + "text": "80.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "19.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.6%" + "text": "-1.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26.3%" + "text": "24.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-34.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-32.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "21.6%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "15.8%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "63% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ "text": "peanuts, fish, hides, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "777,100 (2007 est.)" @@ -607,47 +607,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$210.1 million" + "text": "$231.5 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$281.7 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$323.6 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-10.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.4% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9% (31 December 2009) ++ 11% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "30.8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 28.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "30.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 30.8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$275.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $231.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$236.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $275.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$534.7 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $511.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$466.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $421 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$420.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $466.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$136 million (2015 est.) ++ -$90 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$112 million (2016 est.) ++ -$136 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$113.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $121.5 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$120 million (2016 est.) ++ $113.2 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels" @@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ "text": "China 47.6%, India 27.2%, France 5.9%, UK 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$365.1 million (2015 est.) ++ $339 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$363.9 million (2016 est.) ++ $365.1 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment" @@ -665,32 +665,18 @@ "text": "China 34.2%, Brazil 8.1%, Senegal 6.9%, India 5.7%, Netherlands 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$83.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $159.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$91.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $83.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { "g": { - "text": "$502.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $500.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$541.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $502.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - ++ 41.89 (2015 est.) ++ 41.733 (2014 est.) ++ 41.733 (2013 est.) ++ 32.08 (2012 est.) ++ 29.4615 (2011 est.)" + "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - ++ 44.5 (2016 est.) ++ 41.89 (2015 est.) ++ 41.89 (2014 est.) ++ 41.733 (2013 est.) ++ 32.08 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "36%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "60%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "2% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -790,7 +776,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 15 privately owned radio stations; 6 community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2015)" + "text": "state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 15 privately owned radio stations; 6 community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subsc (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gm" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 099ff76f..69b2d1fb 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ "text": "6.5% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (number of seats not fixed; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in two rounds; members serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 13 December 2014 (next to be held in January 2021); National Assembly - last held on 17 December 2011 (next to be held in December 2016)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 13 December 2014 (next to be held in January 2021); National Assembly - last held on 17 December 2011 (next to be held by July 2017)" }, "election results": { "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 81, CLR 7, PSD 2, ADERE-UPG 1, UPG 1, PGCI 1, independent 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 114, RPG 3, other 3" @@ -503,55 +503,55 @@ "text": "Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon relied on timber and manganese exports until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. From 2010 to 2014, oil accounted for approximately 80% of Gabon’s exports, 45% of its GDP, and 60% of its state budget revenues. ++ ++ Gabon faces fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. A rebound of oil prices from 2001 to 2013 helped growth, but declining production, as some fields passed their peak production, has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. GDP grew nearly 6% per year over the 2010-14 period, but slowed significantly in 2015 as oil prices declined. Low oil prices also weakened government revenue and negatively affected the trade and current account balances. ++ ++ Despite an abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management and over-reliance on oil has stifled the economy. There are frequent power cuts and water shortages. However, President BONGO has made efforts to increase transparency and is taking steps to make Gabon a more attractive investment destination to diversify the economy. BONGO has attempted to boost growth by increasing government investment in human resources and infrastructure." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$34.58 billion (2015 est.) ++ $33.24 billion (2014 est.) ++ $31.87 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$36.22 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $33.75 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.35 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$14.56 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.) ++ 5.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,600 (2015 est.) ++ $18,200 (2014 est.) ++ $17,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$19,300 (2016 est.) ++ $18,900 (2015 est.) ++ $18,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 34.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 33.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 42.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "37.9%" + "text": "40.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "29.3%" + "text": "31.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.9%" + "text": "39.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-28.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-27.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4.7%" + "text": "4.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "52.8%" + "text": "46.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "42.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -561,10 +561,10 @@ "text": "petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "660,900 (2015 est.)" + "text": "674,700 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -593,50 +593,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.053 billion" + "text": "$2.917 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.431 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.464 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "20% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "39.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "43.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 39.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 4.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.251 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.448 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.314 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.251 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$4.545 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.421 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.382 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.425 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.382 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$409 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.467 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$767 million (2016 est.) ++ -$326 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.181 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.474 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.395 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.181 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium" @@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ "text": "China 15.5%, Italy 7.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.2%, Australia 7%, Spain 6.3%, South Korea 5.4%, Netherlands 5%, US 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.061 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.046 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.002 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.061 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials" @@ -654,30 +654,16 @@ "text": "China 21.4%, France 19.6%, US 6.6%, Benin 4.7%, Netherlands 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.878 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.495 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.585 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.878 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$4.883 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.326 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.158 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.883 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - ++ 590.8 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "89%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "38% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index f94fb05a..f23a593b 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "text": "11% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -431,19 +431,19 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed the presidency after the death of President John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election; the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (since 7 January 2017); Vice President Mahamudu BAWUMIA (NPP) (since 7 January 2017); the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed the presidency after the death of President John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election; the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (since 7 January 2017); Vice President Mahamudu BAWUMIA (NPP) (since 7 January 2017)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers; nominated by the president, approved by Parliament" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 December 2012 (next to be held on 7 December 2016)" + "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 December 2016 (next to be held in December 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "John Dramani MAHAMA elected president; percent of vote - John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 50.7%, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 47.7%, other 1.6%" + "text": "Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO elected president; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 54.1%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 44.0%, other 1.8%; note - results after 267 of 275 constituencies declared" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -451,10 +451,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 - 8 December 2012 (next to be held on 7 December 2016)" + "text": "last held on 7 December 2016 (next to be held in December 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NPP 47.5%, NDC 46.4%, PNC 0.6%, independent 2.5%, other 3.0%; seats by party - NDC 150, NPP 120, PNC 1, independent 3, other 1" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NDC 148, NPP 123, PNC 1, independent 3" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -540,55 +540,55 @@ "text": "Ghana's economy was strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels, but in recent years has suffered the consequences of loose fiscal policy, high budget and current account deficits, and a depreciating currency. Ghana has a market-based economy with relatively few policy barriers to trade and investment in comparison with other countries in the region, and Ghana is well-endowed with natural resources. ++ ++ Agriculture accounts for nearly one-quarter of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. The services sector accounts for about half of GDP. Gold and cocoa exports, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. Expansion of Ghana’s nascent oil industry has boosted economic growth, but the recent oil price crash reduced by half Ghana’s 2015 oil revenue. Production at Jubilee, Ghana's offshore oilfield, began in mid-December 2010 and currently produces roughly 110,000 barrels per day. The country’s first gas processing plant at Atubao is also producing natural gas from the Jubilee field, providing power to several of Ghana’s thermal power plants. ++ ++ As of 2015, the biggest single economic issue facing Ghana is the lack of consistent electricity. While the MAHAMA administration is taking steps to improve the situation, little progress has been made. Ghana signed a $920 million extended credit facility with the IMF in April 2015 to help it address its growing economic crisis. The IMF fiscal targets will require Ghana to reduce the fiscal deficit by cutting subsidies, decreasing the bloated public sector wage bill, strengthening revenue administration, and increasing revenues. The challenge for Ghana will come as the MAHAMA Administration approaches the November 2016 elections, facing public dissatisfaction in the midst of economic austerity." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$114.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $110.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $106.6 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$120.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $116.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $112.5 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$36.04 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$42.76 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.) ++ 7.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,300 (2015 est.) ++ $4,200 (2014 est.) ++ $4,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4,400 (2016 est.) ++ $4,300 (2015 est.) ++ $4,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "17% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 17.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 17% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "66.5%" + "text": "66.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.6%" + "text": "24.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.6%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "44.1%" + "text": "36.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-54.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-48.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.7%" + "text": "24%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "56.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -598,10 +598,10 @@ "text": "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "11.7 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "11.99 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -633,50 +633,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$8.376 billion" + "text": "$9.068 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$10.92 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.55 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "71.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 70.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "73.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 71.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "17.2% (2015 est.) ++ 15.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "17.8% (2016 est.) ++ 17.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "21% (31 December 2014) ++ 16% (31 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "28.6% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 27% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "31.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 28.6% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.736 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.663 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.914 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.736 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$12.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.02 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.42 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$12.93 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13.54 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.93 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$3.465 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $3.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $3.531 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.99 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.698 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.693 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.836 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.36 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.22 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.25 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.36 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil, gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticultural products" @@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ "text": "India 25.2%, Switzerland 12.2%, China 10.6%, France 5.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$13.47 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.73 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.47 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, refined petroleum, foodstuffs" @@ -694,10 +694,10 @@ "text": "China 32.6%, Nigeria 14%, Netherlands 5.5%, US 5.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$5.885 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.461 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.137 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.885 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$19.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.61 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$19.85 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $118 million (31 December 2012 est.)" @@ -706,24 +706,10 @@ "text": "$16.62 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $109 million (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar - ++ 3.712 (2015 est.) ++ 2.895 (2014 est.) ++ 2.895 (2013 est.) ++ 1.8 (2012 est.) ++ 1.512 (2011 est.)" + "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar - ++ 3.992 (2016 est.) ++ 3.712 (2015 est.) ++ 3.712 (2014 est.) ++ 2.895 (2013 est.) ++ 1.8 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "7,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "72%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "92%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "50% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "13 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -819,11 +805,11 @@ "text": "competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a subscribership of more than 130 per 100 persons and rising" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors (2015)" + "text": "country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaf (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable (2007)" + "text": "state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscriptio (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gh" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 05253ba1..be8a365c 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "18.7% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -534,55 +534,55 @@ "text": "Guinea is a poor country of approximately 11.7 million people that possesses the world's largest reserves of bauxite and largest untapped high-grade iron ore reserves (Simandou), as well as gold and diamonds. In addition, Guinea has fertile soil, ample rainfall, and is the source of several West African rivers, including the Senegal, Niger, and Gambia. Guinea's hydro potential is enormous and the country could be a major exporter of electricity. The country also has tremendous agriculture potential. Gold, bauxite, and diamonds are Guinea’s main mineral exports. International investors have shown interest in Guinea's unexplored mineral reserves, which have the potential to propel Guinea's future growth. ++ ++ Following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE in 2008 and the coup that followed, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, significantly curtailed their development programs in Guinea. However, the IMF approved a new 3-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2012, following the December 2010 presidential elections. In September 2012, Guinea achieved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries completion point status. Future access to international assistance and investment will depend on the government’s ability to be transparent, combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. In April 2013, the government amended its mining code to reduce taxes and royalties. In 2014, Guinea also complied with requirements of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative by publishing its mining contracts and was found to be compliant. ++ ++ The biggest threats to Guinea’s economy are political instability, a reintroduction on of the Ebola virus epidemic, and low international commodity prices. Rising international donor support and reduced government investment spending will lessen fiscal strains created by the Ebola virus epidemic, but economic recovery will be a long process while the government continues efforts to prevent an outbreak of the disease. The economic toll of Ebola virus epidemic on the Guinean economy is considerable. Ebola stalled promising economic growth in 2014-15, and the economy will continue to stagnate in 2016. Several projects have stalled, such as offshore oil exploration and the giant Simandou iron ore project. The 240 megawatt Kaleta Dam, which was inaugurated in September 2015, has expanded access to electricity for residents of Conakry. Although the recent political stability has brought renewed interest in Guinea from the private sector, an enduring legacy of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of government transparency, combined with fears of Ebola virus, continue to undermine Guinea's economic viability. ++ ++ Successive governments have failed to address the country's crumbling infrastructure, which is needed for economic development. Guinea suffers from chronic electricity shortages; poor roads, rail lines and bridges; and a lack of access to clean water - all of which continue to plague economic development. The present government, led by President Alpha CONDE, is working to create an economy to attract foreign investment and hopes to have greater participation from western countries and firms in Guinea's economic development." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$14.98 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.96 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16.08 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.49 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.47 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.696 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$6.754 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.) ++ 2.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,200 (2015 est.) ++ $1,200 (2014 est.) ++ $1,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,300 (2016 est.) ++ $1,300 (2015 est.) ++ $1,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-5.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -5.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -4.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ -8.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "96.1%" + "text": "97.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "9.1%" + "text": "8.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "13.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "23.8%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "36.8%" + "text": "37.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "43.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -592,10 +592,10 @@ "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron ore; light manufacturing, agricultural processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.199 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.392 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -624,47 +624,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.302 billion" + "text": "$1.421 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.908 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.857 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8.1% (2015 est.) ++ 9.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.9% (2016 est.) ++ 8.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA% (31 December 2010) ++ 22.25% (31 December 2005)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "23% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 23% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "22% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 23% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.658 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.84 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.701 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.658 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$2.093 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.175 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.863 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.226 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.757 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.863 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.503 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.718 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$893 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.281 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.611 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.643 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.705 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.611 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products" @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ "text": "India 22.5%, Spain 8.2%, Ireland 7.3%, Germany 6.2%, Belgium 5.5%, Ukraine 5.3%, France 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.173 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.225 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.185 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.173 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs" @@ -682,33 +682,19 @@ "text": "China 20.4%, Netherlands 5.4%, India 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$233.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $302.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$243.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $233.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.329 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.407 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.332 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.329 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$67.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $67.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$67.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $67.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar - ++ 7,485.5 (2015 est.) ++ 7,014.1 (2014 est.) ++ 7,014.1 (2013 est.) ++ 6,986 (2012 est.) ++ 6,658 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar - ++ 8,230 (2016 est.) ++ 7,485.5 (2015 est.) ++ 7,485.5 (2014 est.) ++ 7,014.1 (2013 est.) ++ 6,986 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "8,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "26%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "53%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "11% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -808,7 +794,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2011)" + "text": "government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry (2011)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gn" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index a9347adc..e5e9998f 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Close ties to France following independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment all made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the West African states but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002 that developed into a rebellion and then a civil war. The war ended in 2003 with a cease-fire that left the country divided with the rebels holding the north, the government the south, and peacekeeping forces a buffer zone between the two. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former New Forces rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. Difficulties in preparing electoral registers delayed balloting until 2010. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election over GBAGBO, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in a five-month stand-off. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters with the help of UN and French forces. Several thousand UN peacekeepers and several hundred French troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to support the transition process. OUATTARA is focused on rebuilding the country's economy and infrastructure while rebuilding the security forces. GBAGBO is in The Hague awaiting trial for crimes against humanity." + "text": "Close ties to France following independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment all made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the West African states but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and an election brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivoirian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002 that developed into a rebellion and then a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in the country being divided with the rebels holding the north, the government the south, and peacekeeping forces a buffer zone between the two. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former New Forces rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. Difficulties in preparing electoral registers delayed balloting until 2010. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election over GBAGBO, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in a five-month resumption of violent conflict. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters with the help of UN and French forces. The UN peacekeeping mission is drawing down and is scheduled to depart in June 2017. OUATTARA is focused on rebuilding the country's economy and infrastructure while rebuilding the security forces. GBAGBO is in The Hague on trial for crimes against humanity." } }, "Geography": { @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 7 August (1960)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1960; latest approved by referendum 23 July 2000; amended 2004, 2012 (2016)" + "text": "previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulaged 8 November 2016 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review of legislation held in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court" @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010)" + "text": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010); note - the constitution of 2016 calls for the position of a vice-president" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN (since 21 November 2012)" @@ -443,13 +443,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (255 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral Parliament consists of the National Assembly (255 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the new constitution of November 2016 calls for a bicameral legislature with the addition of a Senate" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 December 2011 (next to be held in 2016)" + "text": "last held on 11 December 2011 (next to be held on 18 December 2016)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - RDR 42.1%, PDCI 28.6%, UDPCI 3.1%, RDP 1.7%, other 24.5% ; seats by party - RDR 127, PDCI 76, UDPCI 7, RDP 4, other 2, independents 39" + "text": "percent of vote by party - RDR 42.1%, PDCI 28.6%, UDPCI 3.1%, RDP 1.7%, other 24.5%; seats by party - RDR 122, PDCI 76, UDPCI 6, RDP 4, other 16, independents 31" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -464,10 +464,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE] ++ Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA] ++ Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace ++ Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA] ++ Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONA] ++ Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI] ++ more than 144 smaller registered parties" + "text": "Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE] ++ Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascal AFFIN'GUISSAN] ++ Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY] ++ Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA] ++ Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane Dramane OUATTARA] ++ Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONA] ++ Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeuse MABRI] ++ more than 144 smaller registered parties" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Augustin MIAN] ++ National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE] ++ Panafrican Congress for Justice and Peoples Equality or COJEP [Roselin BLY] ++ Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP" + "text": "Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Augustin MIAN] ++ National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE] ++ Panafrican Congress for Justice and Peoples Equality or COJEP [Roselin BLY]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Terence Patrick MCCULLEY (since 21 November 2013)" + "text": "Charge d'Affaires Andrew Haviland (since 2016); Ambassador Terence Patrick MCCULLEY retired in 2016" }, "embassy": { "text": "Cocody Riviera Golf 01, Abidjan" @@ -529,55 +529,55 @@ "text": "Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly two-thirds of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and in climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country is also mining gold. ++ ++ Following the end of more than a decade of civil conflict in 2011, Cote d’Ivoire has experienced a boom in foreign investment and economic growth. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$78.62 billion (2015 est.) ++ $72.39 billion (2014 est.) ++ $67.08 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$87.12 billion (2016 est.) ++ $80.68 billion (2015 est.) ++ $74.33 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$31.17 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$34.65 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "8.6% (2015 est.) ++ 7.9% (2014 est.) ++ 8.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "8% (2016 est.) ++ 8.5% (2015 est.) ++ 7.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,300 (2015 est.) ++ $3,100 (2014 est.) ++ $3,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,600 (2016 est.) ++ $3,400 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "65%" + "text": "66%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "16.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.4%" + "text": "43.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "18.9%" + "text": "17.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "62.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,10 +587,10 @@ "text": "foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.34 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.543 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -619,50 +619,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$6.621 billion" + "text": "$6.839 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$7.558 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.17 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "49.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "50.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 49.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$8.516 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.785 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.416 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.516 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$12.23 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $11.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$13.92 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.55 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$9.812 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $9.138 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.19 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.812 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$7.829 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.288 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.099 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$12.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $11.82 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$542 million (2015 est.) ++ -$236 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$609 million (2016 est.) ++ -$567 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.98 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.73 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.98 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish" @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ "text": "US 8.5%, Netherlands 6.2%, France 5.6%, Germany 5.6%, Nigeria 5.5%, Burkina Faso 5.5%, Belgium 5.3%, India 4.6%, Ghana 4.4%, Switzerland 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.609 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.587 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.966 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.609 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs" @@ -680,10 +680,10 @@ "text": "Nigeria 21.9%, China 14.4%, France 11.4%, Bahamas, The 5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$4.716 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.479 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.952 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.716 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$11.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -692,24 +692,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.29 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 604.4 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.29 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "15,000,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "26%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "42%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "8% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "7.9 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -799,7 +785,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "well-developed by African standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s and operational fixed lines have increased since that time with two fixed-line providers operating over open-wire lines, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optics; 90% digitalized" + "text": "well-developed by African standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s and operational fixed lines have increased since that time with two fixed-line providers operating over open-wire lines, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optics; 90% d" }, "domestic": { "text": "with multiple mobile-cellular service providers competing in the market, usage has increased sharply to well over 105 per 100 persons" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index deff5faf..0a591500 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "text": "11% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ "text": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - position of the prime minister abolished after the March 2013 elections" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the Natioal Assembly" + "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, subject to confirmation by the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president and deputy president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving an absolute majority popular vote, the presidential candidate must also win at least 25% of the votes cast in each of more than half of the 47 counties to avoid a runoff; election last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2017)" @@ -445,10 +445,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance Party of Kenya or APK [Kiraitu MURUNGI] ++ Amani National Congress [Musalia MUDAVADI] ++ Coalition for Reforms and Democracy or CORD (includes ODM, WDM-K, FORD-K) [Raila ODINGA] ++ Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGA] ++ Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Moses WETANGULA] ++ Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-P [Henry OBWOCHA] ++ Jubilee Alliance (includes TNA, URP, NARC) [Uhuru KENYATTA] ++ Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI] ++ National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Charity NGILU] ++ New Ford Kenya or NFK [Eugene WAMALWA] ++ Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA] ++ The National Alliance or TNA [Uhuru KENYATTA] ++ United Republican Party or URP [William RUTO] ++ Wiper Democratic Movement-K or WDM-K (formerly Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]" + "text": "Alliance Party of Kenya or APK [Kiraitu MURUNGI] ++ Amani National Congress [Musalia MUDAVADI] ++ Coalition for Reforms and Democracy or CORD (includes ODM, WDM-K, FORD-K) [Raila ODINGA] ++ Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGA] ++ Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Moses WETANGULA] ++ Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-P [Henry OBWOCHA] ++ Jubilee Party [Uhuru KENYATTA] ++ Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI] ++ National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Charity NGILU] ++ Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA] ++ Wiper Democratic Movement-K or WDM-K (formerly Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "African Center for Open Governance [Gladwell OTIENO] ++ Anglican Church of Kenya [Archbishop Eliud WABUKALA] ++ Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Mohammed KHALIFA] ++ Federation of Women Lawyers in Kenya ++ Kenya Association of Manufacturers ++ Kenya Human Rights Commission or KHRC [George KEGORO] ++ Kenya Private Sector Alliance ++ Kenyans for Peace with Truth and Justice (umbrella group of more than 30 NGOs) ++ Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI] ++ National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI] ++ Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI] ++ Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal John NJUE] ++ Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Adan WACHU, secretary general] ++ ", + "text": "African Center for Open Governance [Gladwell OTIENO] ++ Anglican Church of Kenya [Archbishop Jackson Nasoore Ole SAPIT] ++ Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Mohammed KHALIFA] ++ Federation of Women Lawyers in Kenya ++ Kenya Association of Manufacturers ++ Kenya Human Rights Commission or KHRC [George KEGORO] ++ Kenya Private Sector Alliance ++ Kenyans for Peace with Truth and Justice (umbrella group of more than 30 NGOs) ++ Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI] ++ National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI] ++ Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI] ++ Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal John NJUE] ++ Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Adan WACHU, secretary general] ++ ", "other": { "text": "labor unions, other Christian churches" } @@ -516,55 +516,55 @@ "text": "Kenya is the economic and transport hub of East Africa. Kenya’s real GDP growth has averaged over 5% for the last seven years. Since 2014 Kenya has been ranked as a lower middle income country because its per capita GDP crossed a World Bank threshold. While Kenya has a growing entrepreneurial middle class and faster growth, its economic and development trajectory is threatened by weak governance and corruption. Unemployment and under-employment are high, but reliable numbers are hard to find. ++ ++ Agriculture remains the backbone of the Kenyan economy, contributing 25% of GDP. About 80% of Kenya’s population of roughly 42 million work at least part-time in the agricultural sector, including livestock and pastoral activities. Over 75% of agricultural output is from small-scale, rain-fed farming or livestock production. ++ ++ Inadequate infrastructure continues to hamper Kenya’s efforts to improve its economic growth to the 8-10% range so that it can meaningfully address poverty and unemployment. The KENYATTA administration sought external investment in infrastructure development. International financial institutions and donors remain important to Kenya's economic growth and development, but Kenya has also successfully raised capital in the global bond market. Kenya issued its first sovereign bond offering in mid-2014. Nairobi has contracted with a Chinese company to construct a new standard gauge railway connecting Mombasa and Nairobi, with completion expected in 2017. The country is in the process of devolving some state revenues and responsibilities to the counties. Inflationary pressures and sharp currency depreciation peaked in early 2012 but have since abated following low global food and fuel prices and monetary interventions by the Central Bank. Chronic budget deficits, including a shortage of funds in mid-2015, hampered the government’s ability to implement proposed development programs, but the economy is back in balance with many indicators, including foreign exchange reserves, interest rates, inflation, and FDI moving in the right direction. ++ ++ Tourism holds a significant place in Kenya’s economy. Multiple terror attacks by the Somalia-based group al-Shabaab in the time since the 2013 attack on Nairobi’s Westgate mall, which killed at least 67, had a negative effect on international tourism earnings, but the sector is starting to recover. Kenya’s success in hosting a series of incident-free high-profile events in the second half of 2015, including the visit of US President Obama, has helped improve the outlook for tourism." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$141.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $134.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $127.6 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$152.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $144.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $136.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$61.41 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$69.17 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.) ++ 5.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.) ++ 5.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,200 (2015 est.) ++ $3,100 (2014 est.) ++ $3,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,400 (2016 est.) ++ $3,300 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "79.3%" + "text": "77.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.5%" + "text": "21.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2.1%" + "text": "-0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "15.8%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-29% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "32.9%" + "text": "32.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "17.8%" + "text": "18%" }, "services": { - "text": "49.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -574,10 +574,10 @@ "text": "small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "18.07 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.66 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -606,50 +606,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$10.76 billion" + "text": "$12.89 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$14.78 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$17.85 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-7.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "48% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "50.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 48% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.6% (2015 est.) ++ 6.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (2016 est.) ++ 6.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "11.5% (20 January 2016) ++ 7% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "16.09% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 16.51% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "17.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 16.09% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$9.927 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.927 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$24.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $18.92 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$27.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.37 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.52 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $27.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$26.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $22.09 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $14.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$5.011 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$6.339 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$4.444 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$4.31 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.982 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.174 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.363 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.982 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement" @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ "text": "Uganda 11.2%, US 8.3%, Tanzania 8.1%, Netherlands 7.4%, UK 6%, Pakistan 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$15.56 billion (2015 est.) ++ $17.61 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.34 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.56 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics" @@ -667,36 +667,22 @@ "text": "China 30%, India 15.5%, UAE 5.7%, US 4.8%, Japan 4.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.548 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.911 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.374 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.548 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$17.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$4.662 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.902 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.537 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.662 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$NA (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $NA (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$NA (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $NA (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar - ++ 98.179 (2015 est.) ++ 87.923 (2014 est.) ++ 87.921 (2013 est.) ++ 84.53 (2012 est.) ++ 88.811 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar - ++ 102 (2016 est.) ++ 98.179 (2015 est.) ++ 98.179 (2014 est.) ++ 87.921 (2013 est.) ++ 84.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "35,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "20%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "60%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "7% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "9.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -789,14 +775,14 @@ "text": "the mobile-cellular system is generally good, especially is urban areas; fixed-line telephone system is small and inefficient; trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system" }, "domestic": { - "text": "sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, privatized and as of 2013 is 70% owned by France Telecom; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 80 per 100 persons in 2015" + "text": "sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, privatized and as of 2013 is 70% owned by France Telecom; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 80 per 100 pers" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 254; landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "about a half-dozen large-scale privately owned media companies with TV and radio stations, as well as a state-owned TV broadcaster, provide service nationwide; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; many private radio stations broadcast on a national level along with over 100 private and non-profit provincial stations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2014)" + "text": "about a half-dozen large-scale privately owned media companies with TV and radio stations, as well as a state-owned TV broadcaster, provide service nationwide; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ke" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 8fad10ed..b27d34f5 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -510,25 +510,25 @@ "text": "Liberia is a low income country that relies heavily on foreign assistance. It is richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture. Its principal exports are iron ore, rubber, gold and timber. The government has attempted to revive raw timber extraction and is encouraging oil exploration. ++ ++ In the 1990s and early 2000s, civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially infrastructure in and around the capital. With the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically elected government in 2006, businesses that had fled the country began to return. The country achieved high growth during 2010-13 due to favorable world prices for its commodities. However, in 2014 as the Ebolavirus began to spread, the economy declined and many businesses departed, taking capital and expertise with them. The epidemic forced the government to divert scarce resources to combat the spread of the virus, reducing funds available for needed public investment. The cost of addressing the Ebola epidemic will weigh heavily on public finances at the same time decreased economic activity reduces government revenue, although higher donor support will partly offset this loss. ++ ++ Revitalizing the economy in the future will depend on increasing investment and trade, higher global commodity prices, sustained foreign aid and remittances, development of infrastructure and institutions, and maintaining political stability and security." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.749 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.748 billion (2014 est.) ++ $3.723 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.881 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.806 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.806 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.035 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.168 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.) ++ 8.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 0% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$900 (2015 est.) ++ $900 (2014 est.) ++ $900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$900 (2016 est.) ++ $900 (2015 est.) ++ $900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "NA% (2015 est.) ++ -41% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -2.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + "text": "NA% (2016 est.) ++ -41% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -2.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -547,18 +547,18 @@ "text": "25%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-94.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-94.9% (2014 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "35.2%" + "text": "35.4%" }, "industry": { "text": "14.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "50.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -568,10 +568,10 @@ "text": "mining (iron ore), rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.604 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.654 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -600,47 +600,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$688.2 million" + "text": "$613 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$812.4 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$743 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "33.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "11.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 5.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.7% (2015 est.) ++ 9.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2016 est.) ++ 7.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.61% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.61% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$458.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $463.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$457.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $458.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$738.7 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $656 million (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$824.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $736.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$745.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $824.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$801 million (2015 est.) ++ -$635 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$661 million (2016 est.) ++ -$707 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$330.8 million (2015 est.) ++ $624.1 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$363.9 million (2016 est.) ++ $330.8 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee" @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ "text": "Poland 32.9%, China 20.7%, India 9.3%, US 5.1%, Greece 4.7%, France 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.232 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.167 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.25 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.232 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs" @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ "text": "Singapore 28.7%, China 16%, South Korea 15.3%, Japan 10.3%, Philippines 6.6% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$968 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $633 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.111 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $968 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$17.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.56 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" @@ -667,24 +667,10 @@ "text": "$201 million (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $201 million (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar - ++ 85.3 (2015 est.) ++ 83.893 (2014 est.) ++ 83.893 (2013 est.) ++ 73.52 (2012 est.) ++ 72.227 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar - ++ 92.33 (2016 est.) ++ 85.3 (2015 est.) ++ 85.3 (2014 est.) ++ 83.893 (2013 est.) ++ 73.52 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "3,900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "10%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "17%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "3% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -784,7 +770,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "3 private TV stations; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "3 private TV stations; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are av (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".lr" @@ -866,7 +852,7 @@ "text": "barge carrier 5, bulk carrier 662, cargo 143, carrier 2, chemical tanker 248, combination ore/oil 8, container 937, liquefied gas 92, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 526, refrigerated cargo 102, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 27" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "2,559 (Angola 1, Argentina 1, Australia 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 4, Brazil 20, Canada 2, Chile 9, China 4, Croatia 1, Cyprus 9, Denmark 8, Egypt 3, Germany 1185, Gibraltar 5, Greece 505, Hong Kong 48, India 8, Indonesia 4, Israel 34, Italy 47, Japan 110, Latvia 5, Lebanon 1, Monaco 8, Netherlands 31, Nigeria 4, Norway 38, Poland 13, Qatar 5, Romania 3, Russia 109, Saudi Arabia 20, Singapore 22, Slovenia 7, South Korea 2, Sweden 12, Switzerland 25, Syria 1, Taiwan 94, Turkey 16, UAE 37, UK 32, Ukraine 10, Uruguay 1, US 53) (2010)" + "text": "2,559 (Angola 1, Argentina 1, Australia 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 4, Brazil 20, Canada 2, Chile 9, China 4, Croatia 1, Cyprus 9, Denmark 8, Egypt 3, Germany 1185, Gibraltar 5, Greece 505, Hong Kong 48, India 8, Indonesia 4, Israel 34, Italy 47, Japan 110, Latvia 5, (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index dd81abbc..ba310061 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -489,55 +489,55 @@ "text": "Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho depends on a narrow economic base of textile manufacturing, agriculture, remittances, and regional customs revenue. About three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in animal herding and subsistence agriculture, although Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability. ++ ++ Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity; Lesotho imports 90% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa, in mines, on farms, and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Lesotho is a member of the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU), and revenues from SACU accounted for roughly 44% of total government revenue in 2014. The South African Government also pays royalties for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers. ++ ++ The government maintains a large presence in the economy - government consumption accounted for 37% of GDP in 2014 and the government remains Lesotho's largest employer. Access to credit remains a problem for the private sector. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and may contribute 8.5% to GDP by 2015, according to current forecasts." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.77 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.631 billion (2014 est.) ++ $5.443 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6.019 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.878 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.717 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.032 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.806 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.4% (2014 est.) ++ 3.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 3.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,900 (2014 est.) ++ $2,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,100 (2016 est.) ++ $3,000 (2015 est.) ++ $3,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "27.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "75.6%" + "text": "70.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "28.5%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "30.8%" + "text": "30.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2%" + "text": "-1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "39%" + "text": "40.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-71.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-67.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "7.7%" + "text": "7.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "31.6%" + "text": "31.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "60.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "61.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -547,10 +547,10 @@ "text": "food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "905,600 (2015 est.)" + "text": "919,900 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -582,17 +582,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.097 billion" + "text": "$835.9 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.168 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$978.3 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "54% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "46.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-7.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "53.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 47.8% of GDP (2014)" @@ -601,66 +601,52 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.75% (2 February 2016) ++ 6.25% (31 December 2015)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "10.59% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.34% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 10.59% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$340.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $353.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$342.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $340.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$535.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $569.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$47.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.77 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$71.01 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $47.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$54 million (2015 est.) ++ -$176 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$144 million (2016 est.) ++ -$178 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$844.1 million (2015 est.) ++ $826.4 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$851.6 million (2016 est.) ++ $844.1 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "manufactures (clothing, footwear), wool and mohair, food and live animals, electricity, water, diamonds" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.737 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.858 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.688 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.737 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$904.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.071 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$812.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $904.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$866.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $876.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$948.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $866.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$376.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $262.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$438.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $376.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "maloti (LSL) per US dollar - ++ 12.7589 (2015 est.) ++ 10.85 (2014 est.) ++ 10.85 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.) ++ 7.26 (2011 est.)" + "text": "maloti (LSL) per US dollar - ++ 16.15 (2016 est.) ++ 12.76 (2015 est.) ++ 12.76 (2014 est.) ++ 10.85 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "17%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "43%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "8% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "500 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index d2bd5d64..3203ebae 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. ++ Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister. The country subsequently elected the House of Representatives in 2014, but remnants of the outgoing legislature refused to leave office and created a rival, Islamist-led government, the General National Congress. In October 2015, UN envoy to Libya, Bernardino LEON, proposed a power-sharing arrangement - known as the Libyan Political Agreement, which was signed by the rival governments two months later and subsequently endorsed by the UN. The agreement called for the formation of an interim Government of National Accord or GNA and the holding of general elections within two years. " + "text": "The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when they were defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. ++ Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister. The country subsequently elected the House of Representatives in 2014, but remnants of the outgoing legislature refused to leave office and created a rival, Islamist-led government, the General National Congress. In October 2015, UN envoy to Libya, Bernardino LEON, proposed a power-sharing arrangement - known as the Libyan Political Agreement, which was signed by the rival governments two months later and subsequently endorsed by the UN. The agreement called for the formation of an interim Government of National Accord or GNA and the holding of general elections within two years. However, as of December 2016, the GNA had not secured House approval and several elements of the Libyan Political Agreement remained stalled, resulting in rival governments continuing to operate independently." } }, "Geography": { @@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "4,700 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between the western city of Az Zawiyah (just west of Tripoli) and the eastern city of Darnah; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms" }, @@ -183,6 +186,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between the western city of Az Zawiyah (just west of Tripoli) and the eastern city of Darnah; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "78.6% of total population (2015)" @@ -356,7 +362,7 @@ "text": "Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1951, 1977; latest 2011 (interim); note - the Constitution Drafting Assembly continued drafting a new constitution as of early 2016 (2016)" + "text": "previous 1951, 1977; latest 2011 (interim); note - the Constitution Drafting Assembly continued drafting a new constitution as of late 2016 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities" @@ -386,7 +392,7 @@ "text": "Chairman, Presidential Council, Fayiz al-SARAJ (since December 2015)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Fayiz al-SARAJ (since April 2016)" + "text": "Prime Minister Fayiz al-SARAJ (since December 2015)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "new cabinet awaiting approval by the House of Representatives" @@ -403,7 +409,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Council of Deputies or Majlis Al Nuwab (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members elected by direct popular vote; member term NA)" }, "elections": { - "text": "election last held in June 2014; note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the House election unconstitutional, but the Council rejected the ruling; no country has officially recognized the rival government" + "text": "election last held in June 2014; note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the House election unconstitutional, but the Council rejected the ruling" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 200; note - not all 200 seats were filled in the June election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the Council also boycotted the election" @@ -415,10 +421,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Al-Watan (Homeland) Party ++ Justice and Construction Party or JCP [Mohamed SOWAN] ++ National Forces Alliance or NFA [Mahmoud JIBRIL] (includes many political organizations, NGOs, and independents) ++ National Front (initially the National Front for the Salvation of Libya, formed in 1981 as a diaspora opposition group) ++ Union for the Homeland [Abd al-Rahman al-SUWAYHILI]", - "note": { - "text": "partial list of the larger political parties and leaders" - } + "text": "NA ++ " }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "NA" @@ -431,7 +434,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Wafa M.T. BUGHAIGHIS (since 5 December 2014)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037" + "text": "2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 944-9601" @@ -480,44 +483,44 @@ "text": "Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, struggled during 2015 as the country plunged into civil war and world oil prices dropped to seven-year lows. In early 2015, armed conflict between rival forces for control of the country’s largest oil terminals caused a decline in Libyan crude oil production, which never recovered to more than one-third of the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day. The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 49% of GDP. ++ ++ Libya’s economic transition away from QADHAFI’s notionally socialist model has completely stalled as political chaos persists and security continues to deteriorate. Libya’s leaders have hindered economic development by failing to use its financial resources to invest in national infrastructure. The country suffers from widespread power outages in its largest cities, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing, have all declined as the civil war has caused more people to become internally displaced, further straining local resources. ++ ++ Extremists affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) attacked Libyan oilfields in the first half of 2015; ISIL has a presence in many cities across Libya including near oil infrastructure, threatening future government revenues from oil and gas." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$92.61 billion (2015 est.) ++ $98.92 billion (2014 est.) ++ $130.2 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$90.89 billion (2016 est.) ++ $94.01 billion (2015 est.) ++ $100.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$38.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$39.39 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-6.4% (2015 est.) ++ -24% (2014 est.) ++ -13.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% (2016 est.) ++ -6.4% (2015 est.) ++ -24% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$14,600 (2015 est.) ++ $15,800 (2014 est.) ++ $20,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$14,200 (2016 est.) ++ $14,900 (2015 est.) ++ $16,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-17.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -34% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 5.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "-17.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ -34% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 5.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "86.8%" + "text": "84.3%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "21.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "1.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "32.7%" + "text": "32.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-46.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-43.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -525,10 +528,10 @@ "text": "1.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "43.1%" + "text": "43.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "54.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "54.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -538,10 +541,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-13% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.193 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.153 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -573,50 +576,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$9.058 billion" + "text": "$5.792 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$21.02 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$13.71 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-31.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-20.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "10% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "12.1% (2015 est.) ++ 8.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "13% (2016 est.) ++ 12.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9.52% (31 December 2010) ++ 3% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$51.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $48.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$46.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $51.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$54.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $53.34 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$767.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $-16.48 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$554.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $767.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$16.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$12.36 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$18.66 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$16.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.86 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.81 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.65 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.86 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals" @@ -625,7 +628,7 @@ "text": "Italy 32.1%, Germany 11.3%, China 8%, France 8%, Spain 5.6%, Netherlands 5.4%, Syria 5.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$11.24 billion (2015 est.) ++ $20.43 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.551 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.24 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products" @@ -634,36 +637,22 @@ "text": "China 14.8%, Italy 12.9%, Turkey 11.1%, Tunisia 6.5%, France 6.1%, Spain 4.6%, Syria 4.5%, Egypt 4.4%, South Korea 4.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$70.99 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $89.25 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$55.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $70.99 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.985 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.244 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.531 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.985 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$18.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$21.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.91 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.19 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $21.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar - ++ 1.379 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2724 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2724 (2013 est.) ++ 1.26 (2012 est.) ++ 1.224 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar - ++ 1.69 (2016 est.) ++ 1.379 (2015 est.) ++ 1.379 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2724 (2013 est.) ++ 1.26 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "13,083" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.8%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99.1% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "35 billion kWh", "note": { @@ -889,7 +878,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "note - in transition; government has affiliated Army, Air Force, and Navy forces (2015)" + "text": "note - in transition; government has affiliated Army, Air Force, Navy, and Coast Guard forces (2016)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for mandatory or voluntary service (2012)" diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index f78888ef..774e6616 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -535,32 +535,32 @@ "text": "Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing roughly 80% of the population. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns. ++ ++ After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization until the onset of a political crisis, which lasted from 2009 to 2013. The free market strategy had placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low starting point. Exports of apparel boomed after gaining duty-free access to the US in 2000; however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010, a sharp fall in textile production, and a loss of more than 100,000 jobs. ++ ++ Madagascar regained AGOA access in January 2015 following the democratic election of a new president the previous year. In November 2015, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved a Rapid Credit Facility to Madagascar worth about $42.1 million to help the government meet its balance of payments needs. The IMF also approved a staff monitoring program to guide policy implementation and indicated that Madagascar must demonstrate the capability to sustain reforms to qualify for future requests for a credit facility." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$35.44 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.39 billion (2014 est.) ++ $33.29 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37.49 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.91 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.737 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$9.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2016 est.) ++ 3.1% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,500 (2014 est.) ++ $1,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,500 (2016 est.) ++ $1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82.5%" + "text": "82.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.3%" + "text": "12.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "15.8%" @@ -569,21 +569,21 @@ "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "31.5%" + "text": "31.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-43.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "25.8%" + "text": "24.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "16.1%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "58.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -593,10 +593,10 @@ "text": "meat processing, seafood, soap, beer, leather, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.57 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "12.98 million (2016 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "NA% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.)" @@ -617,47 +617,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.149 billion" + "text": "$1.171 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.654 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.616 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "11.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "12% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.4% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.2% (2016 est.) ++ 7.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "60% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 60% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "62% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 60% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.375 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.506 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.527 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.375 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$2.745 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.399 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.645 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.658 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.914 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.645 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$211 million (2015 est.) ++ -$34 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$223 million (2016 est.) ++ -$186 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.238 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.144 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.266 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.238 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products" @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ "text": "France 15.2%, US 12.7%, China 7.1%, South Africa 5.9%, Japan 5.5%, Netherlands 5.4%, Germany 5.1%, Belgium 5%, India 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.683 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.766 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.717 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.683 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food" @@ -675,10 +675,10 @@ "text": "China 24.8%, France 10.3%, Bahrain 5.6%, India 5.5%, Kuwait 4.5%, Mauritius 4.5%, South Africa 4.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$832 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $773.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$780.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $832 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.332 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.853 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.007 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.332 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -687,24 +687,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar - ++ 2,933.5 (2015 est.) ++ 2,414.8 (2014 est.) ++ 2,414.8 (2013 est.) ++ 2,195 (2012 est.) ++ 2,025.1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar - ++ 3,243.4 (2016 est.) ++ 2,933.5 (2015 est.) ++ 2,933.5 (2014 est.) ++ 2,414.8 (2013 est.) ++ 2,195 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "19,500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "15%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "37%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.4 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -804,7 +790,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)" + "text": "state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international bro (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mg" diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index e7198189..13ac2fb7 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA, the country held multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party in 2005. MUTHARIKA was reelected to a second term in May 2009. He oversaw some economic improvement in his first term, but was accused of economic mismanagement and poor governance in his second term. He died abruptly in April 2012 and was succeeded by vice president, Joyce BANDA, who had earlier started her own party, the People's Party. MUTHARIKA's brother, Peter MUTHARIKA, defeated BANDA in the May 2014 election. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the scourge of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi." + "text": "Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA, the country held multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party in 2005. MUTHARIKA was reelected to a second term in 2009. He oversaw some economic improvement in his first term, but was accused of economic mismanagement and poor governance in his second term. He died abruptly in 2012 and was succeeded by vice president, Joyce BANDA, who had earlier started her own party, the People's Party. MUTHARIKA's brother, Peter MUTHARIKA, defeated BANDA in the 2014 election. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the scourge of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi." } }, "Geography": { @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "16.7% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "5.6% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA] ++ Chipani Cha Fuko or CCP [Davis KATSONGA PHIRI]; note - party disbanded in fall of 2015 ++ Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA] ++ Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA] ++ People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA] ++ United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]" + "text": "Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA] ++ Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA] ++ Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA] ++ People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA] ++ United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and development) ++ Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights) ++ Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro economic growth, development, government accountability) ++ Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi) ++ Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity)" @@ -520,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's most densely populated and least developed countries. The country’s economic performance has historically been constrained by policy inconsistency, macroeconomic instability, limited connectivity to the region and the world, and poor health and education outcomes that limit labor productivity. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for about one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports. ++ ++ The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries program. Between 2005 and 2009 Malawi’s government exhibited improved financial discipline under the guidance of Finance Minister Goodall GONDWE and signed a three-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility worth $56 million. The government announced infrastructure projects that could yield improvements, such as a new oil pipeline for better fuel access, and the potential for a waterway link through Mozambican rivers to the ocean for better transportation options. ++ ++ Since 2009, however, Malawi has experienced some setbacks, including a general shortage of foreign exchange, which has damaged its ability to pay for imports, and fuel shortages that hinder transportation and productivity. In October 2013, the African Development Bank, the IMF, several European countries, and the US indefinitely froze $150 million in direct budgetary support in response to a high level corruption scandal, called “Cashgate,” citing a lack of trust in the government’s financial management system and civil service. Most of the frozen donor funds — which accounted for 40% of the budget — have been channeled through non-governmental organizations in the country. The government has failed to address barriers to investment such as unreliable power, water shortages, poor telecommunications infrastructure, and the high costs of services. Investment had fallen continuously for several years, but rose 4 percentage points in 2014 to 17% of GDP. ++ ++ The government faces many challenges, including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, addressing environmental problems, dealing with HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors on anti-corruption efforts." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$20.36 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.78 billion (2014 est.) ++ $18.71 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$21.23 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.67 billion (2015 est.) ++ $20.08 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.416 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.474 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.7% (2014 est.) ++ 5.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,100 (2015 est.) ++ $1,100 (2014 est.) ++ $1,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,100 (2016 est.) ++ $1,100 (2015 est.) ++ $1,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-12.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -9.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -16.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "75.6%" + "text": "75.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "17.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "11.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "2.8%" + "text": "2.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "43.5%" + "text": "42.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-49.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "32.7%" + "text": "32%" }, "industry": { - "text": "17.2%" + "text": "17.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "50.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "5.747 million (2007 est.)" @@ -610,50 +610,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.26 billion" + "text": "$1.03 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.51 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.247 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "54.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 58.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "61.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 54.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "21.2% (2015 est.) ++ 24.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "23.5% (2016 est.) ++ 21.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "15% (31 December 2009) ++ 15% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "44.9% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 44.29% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "44.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 44.9% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$512.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $567.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$550.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $512.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.481 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$724.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $826.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$711.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $724.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$753.6 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.384 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.363 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$568 million (2015 est.) ++ -$494 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$863 million (2016 est.) ++ -$533 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.278 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.528 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.277 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.278 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "tobacco 53%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel (2010 est.)" @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "Belgium 15.8%, Zimbabwe 12%, India 6.9%, South Africa 6.2%, US 6%, Russia 5.6%, Germany 4.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.607 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.744 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.578 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.607 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, petroleum products, semi-manufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment" @@ -671,10 +671,10 @@ "text": "South Africa 26.4%, China 16.7%, India 12%, Zambia 10.3%, Tanzania 6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$693.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $625.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$605.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $693.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.715 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.637 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.921 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.715 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -683,24 +683,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar - ++ 499.6 (2015 est.) ++ 424.9 (2014 est.) ++ 424.9 (2013 est.) ++ 249.11 (2012 est.) ++ 156.93 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar - ++ 671.6 (2016 est.) ++ 499.6 (2015 est.) ++ 499.6 (2014 est.) ++ 424.9 (2013 est.) ++ 249.11 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "14,900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "9%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "32%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -800,7 +786,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "radio is the main broadcast medium; privately owned Zodiac radio has the widest national broadcasting reach, followed by state-run radio; about a dozen private and community radio stations broadcast in cities and towns around the country; the largest TV network is government-owned, but two private TV networks now broadcast in urban areas and more plan to begin broadcasting in 2014; relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2014)" + "text": "radio is the main broadcast medium; privately owned Zodiac radio has the widest national broadcasting reach, followed by state-run radio; about a dozen private and community radio stations broadcast in cities and towns around the country; the largest TV n (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mw" diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index a3fceeb0..815738b0 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "3,780 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding" }, @@ -175,6 +178,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "39.9% of total population (2015)" @@ -307,7 +313,7 @@ "text": "27.9% (2006)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -531,44 +537,44 @@ "text": "Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country that depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. ++ ++ Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government subsidizes the production of cereals to decrease the country’s dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks. ++ ++ Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will largely depend on global price trends. Mali’s economic performance has improved since 2013 although physical insecurity, high population growth, corruption, weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital remain hindrances to sustained growth." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$35.83 billion (2015 est.) ++ $33.76 billion (2014 est.) ++ $31.41 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$38.09 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36.16 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.13 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.07 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$14.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.) ++ 7.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2016 est.) ++ 6% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,200 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.) ++ $2,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,300 (2016 est.) ++ $2,200 (2015 est.) ++ $2,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "73.5%" + "text": "71.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "17.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "17.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.7%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.8%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-28.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-29.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -576,10 +582,10 @@ "text": "41%" }, "industry": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "18.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "39.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "40.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -589,10 +595,10 @@ "text": "food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.096 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.283 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -621,50 +627,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.505 billion" + "text": "$2.571 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.744 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.112 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "27.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "16% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.3% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.573 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.611 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.755 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.573 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$3.984 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.817 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$4.132 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.715 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.822 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.541 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.267 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.822 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$371 million (2015 est.) ++ -$664 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$848 million (2016 est.) ++ -$668 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.513 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.779 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.79 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.513 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cotton, gold, livestock" @@ -673,7 +679,7 @@ "text": "Switzerland 48.5%, China 9.4%, India 9.1%, Bangladesh 8%, Thailand 4.5%, Indonesia 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.744 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.288 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.904 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.744 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -682,33 +688,19 @@ "text": "Cote dIvoire 9.9%, France 9.5%, Senegal 7.7%, China 7% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.334 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.416 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.626 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.334 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$2.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.368 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.645 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$49.48 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $40 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$57.48 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.48 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.16 (2015 est.) ++ 591.16 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "11,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "26%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "53%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "9% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.5 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -808,7 +800,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmiss (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ml" diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 2b29f212..c45af6c6 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 80% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - Western Sahara's liberation movement - and leads ongoing negotiations over the status of the territory. ++ King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In September 2015, Morocco held its first ever direct elections for regional councils, one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. Nationwide parliamentary elections are scheduled for October 2016." + "text": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 80% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - Western Sahara's liberation movement - and leads ongoing negotiations over the status of the territory. ++ King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In September 2015, Morocco held its first ever direct elections for regional councils, one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in October 2016." } }, "Geography": { @@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "14,850 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are found scattered through the Atlas Mountains" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts" }, @@ -183,6 +186,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are found scattered through the Atlas Mountains" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "60.2% of total population (2015)" @@ -446,7 +452,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI] ++ Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI] ++ An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Mustapha BRAHMA] ++ Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Ilyas EL OMARI] ++ Choura et Istiqlal (Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH] ++ Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID] ++ Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE] ++ Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI] ++ Democratic Oath Party or SD [Najib EL OUAZZANI] ++ Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Abderrahman BENAMROU] ++ Democratic Society Party [Zhour CHAKKAFI] ++ Environment and Development Party or PED [Karim HRITAN] ++ Green Left Party [Mohamed FARES] ++ Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT] ++ Ittihadi National Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ] ++ Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK] ++ Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohammed ZIANE] ++ Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI] ++ National Rally of Independents or RNI [Salaheddine MEZOUAR] ++ Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF] ++ Party of Citizen Forces or PFC [Abderrahim LAHJOUJI] ++ Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN] ++ Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE] ++ Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI] ++ Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER] ++ Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH] ++ Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI] ++ Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI] ++ Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR] ++ Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI] ++ Social Center Party or PCS [Lahcen MADIH] ++ Socialist Party [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA] ++ Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR] ++ Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB] ++ Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]" + "text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI] ++ Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI] ++ An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Mustapha BRAHMA] ++ Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Ilyas EL OMARI] ++ Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID] ++ Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE] ++ Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI] ++ Democratic Oath Party or SD ++ Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Abderrahman BENAMROU] ++ Democratic Society Party [Zhour CHAKKAFI] ++ Environment and Development Party or PED [Karim HRITAN] ++ Green Left Party [Mohamed FARES] ++ Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT] ++ Ittihadi National Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ] ++ Labor Party or PT ++ Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohammed ZIANE] ++ Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI] ++ National Rally of Independents or RNI [Aziz AKHANNOUCH] ++ Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF] ++ Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN] ++ Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE] ++ Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI] ++ Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER] ++ Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH] ++ Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI] ++ Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI] ++ Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR] ++ Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI] ++ Social Center Party or PCS [Lahcen MADIH] ++ Socialist Party [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA] ++ Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR] ++ Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB] ++ Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir EL AMAOUI] ++ General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Mohamed KAFI CHERRAT] ++ Justice and Charity Organization or JCO [Mohammed ben Abdesslam ABBADI] ++ Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Miriem BENSALAH-CHAQROUN] ++ National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Mohamed YATIM] ++ Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Miloudi EL MOUKHARIK]" @@ -462,7 +468,7 @@ "text": "1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 462-7980" + "text": "[1] (202) 462-7979" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 462-7643" @@ -514,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to work towards building a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, aerospace, automotive, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. Morocco has increased investment in its port, transportation, and industrial infrastructure to position itself as a center and broker for business throughout Africa. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. ++ ++ In the 1980s, Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although poor harvests and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the US in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the EU in 2008. In late 2014, Morocco eliminated subsidies for gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil, dramatically reducing outlays that weighted on the country’s budget and current account. Subsidies on butane gas and certain food products remain in place. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable more than 50% of installed electricity generation capacity by 2030. ++ ++ Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. Key economic challenges for Morocco include reforming the education system and the judiciary." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$273.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $261.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $255.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$282.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $277.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $265.7 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$103.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$104.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,200 (2015 est.) ++ $7,900 (2014 est.) ++ $7,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8,400 (2016 est.) ++ $8,300 (2015 est.) ++ $8,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "29% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "58.3%" + "text": "58.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "19.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "28.7%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "34.3%" + "text": "34.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "13.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "29.2%" + "text": "29.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "56.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "57.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,10 +578,10 @@ "text": "automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.04 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "12.23 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -589,7 +595,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.7% (2015 est.) ++ 9.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.9% (2016 est.) ++ 9.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15% (2007 est.)" @@ -607,50 +613,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$24.01 billion" + "text": "$25.22 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$28.98 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$29.43 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "24% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "75.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 75.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "77% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 75.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 3.31% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$71.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $73.27 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$76.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $71.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$92.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $92.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$106.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $114.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$107.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $106.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$52.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $60.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $69.15 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$45.93 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $52.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $53.83 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.413 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$6.226 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.276 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.928 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$18.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $20 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.72 billion (2016 est.) ++ $18.48 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothing and textiles, automobiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish" @@ -659,7 +665,7 @@ "text": "Spain 22.1%, France 19.7%, India 4.9%, US 4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$32.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $40.68 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.15 billion (2016 est.) ++ $32.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics" @@ -668,36 +674,22 @@ "text": "Spain 13.9%, France 12.4%, China 8.5%, US 6.5%, Germany 5.8%, Italy 5.5%, Russia 4.4%, Turkey 4.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$23.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.52 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $23.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$42.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $42.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$42.98 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$48.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $51.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$51.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $48.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$4.555 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.187 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.818 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.555 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - ++ 9.7351 (2015 est.) ++ 8.3798 (2014 est.) ++ 8.3798 (2013 est.) ++ 8.6 (2012 est.) ++ 8.0899 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - ++ 9.929 (2016 est.) ++ 9.7351 (2015 est.) ++ 9.7351 (2014 est.) ++ 8.3798 (2013 est.) ++ 8.6 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98.9%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97.4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "27 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -787,17 +779,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay; Internet available but expensive" + "text": "good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay; Int" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity is below 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 120 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (2015)" + "text": "country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2007)" + "text": "2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the governme (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ma" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index a54e97d3..d1295b8e 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ "text": "18.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "5% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -487,44 +487,44 @@ "text": "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has undergone a remarkable economic transformation from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a diversified, upper middle-income economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. Mauritius has achieved steady growth over the last several decades, resulting in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. ++ ++ The economy currently rests on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, but is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 15% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on creating vertical and horizontal clusters of development in these sectors. Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. Investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius’ textile sector has taken advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, a preferential trade program that allows duty free access to the US market, with Mauritian exports to the US growing by 40% from 2000 to 2014. ++ ++ Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped to mitigate negative effects of the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew in the 3-4% per year range in 2010-14, and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe. Growth in the US and Europe fostered goods and services exports, including tourism, while lower oil prices kept inflation low in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$24.57 billion (2015 est.) ++ $23.76 billion (2014 est.) ++ $22.93 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$25.85 billion (2016 est.) ++ $24.97 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.12 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.61 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.) ++ 3.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$19,500 (2015 est.) ++ $18,900 (2014 est.) ++ $18,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$20,500 (2016 est.) ++ $19,800 (2015 est.) ++ $19,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "15.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 17% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "74.2%" + "text": "74%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "14.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "17.7%" + "text": "17.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.5%" + "text": "3.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "49.8%" + "text": "50.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-59.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-59.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -532,10 +532,10 @@ "text": "4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "22.3%" + "text": "22.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -545,10 +545,10 @@ "text": "food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "614,300 (2015 est.)" + "text": "624,700 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture and fishing": { @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "8% (2015 est.) ++ 7.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.8% (2016 est.) ++ 8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8% (2006 est.)" @@ -589,50 +589,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.341 billion" + "text": "$2.478 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.764 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.95 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "63.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 61.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "66% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 63.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.547 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.634 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.743 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.547 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$12.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $12.15 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$13.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$7.093 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.667 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.442 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$7.239 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.751 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.942 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$590 million (2015 est.) ++ -$713 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$509 million (2016 est.) ++ -$562 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.685 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.094 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.676 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.685 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses, fish, primates (for research)" @@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ "text": "UK 13.2%, UAE 12.4%, France 11.9%, US 10.7%, South Africa 8.6%, Madagascar 6.5%, Italy 5.4%, Spain 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.526 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.354 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.355 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.526 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" @@ -650,10 +650,10 @@ "text": "India 18.7%, China 17.8%, France 7.1%, South Africa 6.5%, Vietnam 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$4.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.919 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.526 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$10.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.29 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "NA" @@ -662,15 +662,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - ++ 35.057 (2015 est.) ++ 30.622 (2014 est.) ++ 30.622 (2013 est.) ++ 30.05 (2012 est.) ++ 28.706 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - ++ 35.56 (2016 est.) ++ 35.057 (2015 est.) ++ 35.057 (2014 est.) ++ 30.622 (2013 est.) ++ 30.05 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.8 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -766,11 +761,11 @@ "text": "monopoly over fixed-line services terminated in 2005; fixed-line teledensity roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services launched in 1989 with current teledensity roughly 130 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries (2015)" + "text": "country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 In (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates 3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay-TV stations; the state retains the largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates 3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay-TV stations; the state retains the (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mu" diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 152c002b..bb26f147 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "450 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "with most of the country being a desert, vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are without sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the coastal capital of Nouakchott; smaller clusters are found near the southern border with Mali and Senegal" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind primarily in March and April; periodic droughts" }, @@ -183,6 +186,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "with most of the country being a desert, vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are without sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the coastal capital of Nouakchott; smaller clusters are found near the southern border with Mali and Senegal" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "59.9% of total population (2015)" @@ -306,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "19.5% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -514,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "Mauritania's economy is dominated by natural resources and agriculture. Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though many nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Recently, GDP growth has been driven by foreign investment in the mining and oil sectors. ++ ++ Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron ore, gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock, and exploration is ongoing for uranium, crude oil, and natural gas. Extractive commodities make up about three-quarters of Mauritania's total exports, subjecting the economy to price swings in world commodity markets. Mining is also a growing source of government revenue, rising from 13% to 29% of total revenue between 2006 and 2013. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, and fishing accounts for about 25% of budget revenues, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. ++ ++ Risks to Mauritania's economy include its recurring droughts, dependence on foreign aid and investment, and insecurity in neighboring Mali, as well as significant shortages of infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital. Mauritania has sought additional IMF support by focusing efforts on poverty reduction. Investment in agriculture and infrastructure are the largest components of the country’s public expenditures." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$16.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.98 billion (2014 est.) ++ $15 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16.71 billion (2016 est.) ++ $16.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.99 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.752 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.718 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.6% (2014 est.) ++ 6.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,400 (2015 est.) ++ $4,400 (2014 est.) ++ $4,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4,400 (2016 est.) ++ $4,400 (2015 est.) ++ $4,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 8.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 18.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "69.6%" + "text": "72.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "25.4%" + "text": "23.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "44.5%" + "text": "47%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-7.3%" + "text": "-7.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "28.1%" + "text": "25.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-60.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-61.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "23.7%" + "text": "24.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "35.8%" + "text": "34.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "40.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "41.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +581,10 @@ } }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.318 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.356 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -610,41 +616,41 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.342 billion" + "text": "$1.143 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.591 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.43 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "24.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9% (31 December 2009) ++ 12% (31 December 2007)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "17% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "17% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 17% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.853 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.753 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$917 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.471 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.033 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.313 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.385 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.935 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.212 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.385 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "iron ore, fish and fish products, gold, copper, petroleum" @@ -653,7 +659,7 @@ "text": "China 32.7%, Switzerland 11.1%, Spain 8.6%, Italy 6.7%, Cote dIvoire 6.6%, Japan 5.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.93 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.646 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.643 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.93 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -662,27 +668,13 @@ "text": "China 25.5%, Algeria 8.4%, France 6.3%, Morocco 5.1%, Spain 4.8%, Brazil 4.5%, US 4% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.415 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.522 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.585 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.415 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar - ++ 319.7 (2015 est.) ++ 303.26 (2014 est.) ++ 299.5 (2013 est.) ++ 296.6 (2012 est.) ++ 281.12 (2011 est.)" + "text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar - ++ 341.6 (2016 est.) ++ 319.7 (2015 est.) ++ 319.7 (2014 est.) ++ 299.5 (2013 est.) ++ 296.6 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "2,800,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "28%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "47%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "2% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "800 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -775,14 +767,14 @@ "text": "limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations; mobile-cellular services expanding rapidly" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line teledensity 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity of roughly 100 per 100 persons; mostly cable and open-wire lines; a domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals" + "text": "fixed-line teledensity 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity of roughly 100 per 100 persons; mostly cable and open-wire lines; a domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott w" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat); fiber-optic and asymmetric digital subscriber line cables for Internet access (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "one state-run TV (Television de Mauritanie) and one state-run radio network (Radio de Mauritanie); Television de Mauritanie has three channels, Al Mahadra station (for Islamic content) and Channels 1 and 2, which cover news, sports, and other programming; Radio de Mauritanie runs 12 regional stations, as well as a radio station for youth and the Holy Quran station; five private TV channels and five private radio stations also broadcast from Mauritania; six private international radio stations broadcast in Mauritania on the FM band; with satellite connections, Mauritanians also have access to hundreds of foreign TV channels (2013)" + "text": "one state-run TV (Television de Mauritanie) and one state-run radio network (Radio de Mauritanie); Television de Mauritanie has three channels, Al Mahadra station (for Islamic content) and Channels 1 and 2, which cover news, sports, and other programming; (2013)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mr" @@ -887,7 +879,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "26,007 (Western Saharan - Sahrawis) (2015); 42,867 (Mali) (2016)" + "text": "26,007 (Western Saharan - Sahrawis) (2015); 46,640 (Mali) (2016)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 43c95126..21acf3b3 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -522,55 +522,55 @@ "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP from $4 billion in 1993, following the war, to about $34 billion in 2015. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. ++ ++ In spite of these gains, more than half the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. Citizens rioted in September 2010 after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on the population, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. ++ ++ A substantial trade imbalance persists, although aluminum production from the Mozal Aluminum Smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican Government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company, a significant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. ++ ++ Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt was reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives. However, in 2013, the Mozambique Tuna Company (EMATUM) issued an $850 million bond fully guaranteed by the Mozambican government primarily for the purpose of purchasing tuna boats. The government is attempting to reschedule this debt, in the expectation that a pending deal with a consortium led by a US company will provide enough revenue to pay off this debt. The pending deal has the potential to transform Mozambique’s economy and dramatically increase GDP. ++ ++ Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to sustain high growth rates in coming years although weaker global demand for commodities is likely to weaken expected revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium, and hydroelectric capacity." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$33.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.22 billion (2014 est.) ++ $29.06 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$35.31 billion (2016 est.) ++ $33.79 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.7 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.97 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$12.05 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% (2014 est.) ++ 7.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ 6.6% (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,200 (2015 est.) ++ $1,100 (2014 est.) ++ $1,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,200 (2016 est.) ++ $1,200 (2015 est.) ++ $1,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-0.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 14.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "71.6%" + "text": "67.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "25.8%" + "text": "23.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "38.1%" + "text": "37.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.7%" + "text": "4.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26.2%" + "text": "31.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-65.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-63.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "25.5%" + "text": "25.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.1%" + "text": "19.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "54.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "54.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -580,10 +580,10 @@ "text": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.92 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.31 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -615,50 +615,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$4.382 billion" + "text": "$2.554 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.285 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.609 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-8.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "75.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 64.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "100.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 75.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "17.1% (2016 est.) ++ 3.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9.5% (17 January 2013) ++ 3.25% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.87% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.8% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "24.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.87% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.758 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.405 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.961 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.758 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$7.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.871 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.565 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.529 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.702 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.565 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$6.185 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$5.797 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$4.035 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$5.776 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.413 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.916 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.132 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.413 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity" @@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ "text": "South Africa 24.9%, China 10.2%, Italy 8.9%, India 8.9%, Belgium 7.9%, Spain 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$7.577 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.952 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.151 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.577 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -676,30 +676,16 @@ "text": "South Africa 26.8%, China 19.3%, India 13.9% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.582 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.541 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.582 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$9.743 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $9.171 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.554 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.743 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar - ++ 39.983 (2015 est.) ++ 31.367 (2014 est.) ++ 31.367 (2013 est.) ++ 28.38 (2012 est.) ++ 29.075 (2011 est.)" + "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar - ++ 62.07 (2016 est.) ++ 39.983 (2015 est.) ++ 39.983 (2014 est.) ++ 31.367 (2013 est.) ++ 28.38 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "15,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "39%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "66%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "27% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "17 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -799,7 +785,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a n (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mz" diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 736c0266..20926412 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "1,000 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "recurring droughts" }, @@ -169,6 +172,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "18.7% of total population (2015)" @@ -298,7 +304,7 @@ "text": "37.9% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "6.7% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -517,55 +523,55 @@ "text": "Niger is a landlocked, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes nearly 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for most of the population. The UN ranked Niger as the least developed country in the world in 2015 due to multiple factors such as food insecurity, lack of industry, high population growth, a weak educational sector, and few prospects for work outside of subsistence farming and herding. ++ ++ Since 2011 public debt has increased due to efforts to scale-up public investment, particularly that related to infrastructure. The government relies on foreign donor resources for a large portion of its fiscal budget. The economy in recent years has been hurt by terrorist activity and kidnappings near its uranium mines and by instability in Mali and in the Diffa region of the country; concerns about security have resulted in increased support from regional and international partners on defense. Low uranium prices, demographics, and security expenditures may continue to put pressure on the government’s finances. ++ ++ Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. Although Niger has sizable reserves of oil, the profitability of these commodities has been called in to question due to the prolonged drop in oil prices. Food insecurity and drought remain perennial problems for Niger, and the government plans to invest a little more in the agriculture sector, most notably irrigation. Niger’s three-year $131 million IMF Extended Credit Facility agreement for years 2012-15 was extended until the end of 2016, although formal private sector investment needed for economic diversification and growth remains a challenge, given the country’s limited domestic markets, access to credit, and competitiveness." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$19.05 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.32 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.11 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$20.27 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.26 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$7.151 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$7.566 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% (2014 est.) ++ 5.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,100 (2015 est.) ++ $1,100 (2014 est.) ++ $1,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,100 (2016 est.) ++ $1,100 (2015 est.) ++ $1,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "24.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "66.8%" + "text": "66.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "38.8%" + "text": "39.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "17.2%" + "text": "16.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-39.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-38.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "36.9%" + "text": "36.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "18.4%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "46.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "45% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +581,10 @@ "text": "uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.3 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.5 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -610,47 +616,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.693 billion" + "text": "$1.715 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.346 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.25 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "22.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-7.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.508 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.657 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.553 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.508 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$2.027 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.047 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.145 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $922.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.155 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.145 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.289 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.318 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.35 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.237 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.099 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.448 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.099 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions" @@ -659,7 +665,7 @@ "text": "France 53.1%, Nigeria 20.3%, China 13.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.888 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.157 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.916 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.888 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals" @@ -668,27 +674,13 @@ "text": "France 12%, China 10.5%, Nigeria 9.5%, French Polynesia 9%, Togo 6.1%, Belgium 5.3%, Cote dIvoire 5.3%, US 4.3% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.611 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.585 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.729 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.611 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "15,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "15%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "62%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "600 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -788,7 +780,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with national coverage; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with national coverage; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ne" @@ -886,7 +878,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "96,940 (Nigeria); 60,792 (Mali) (2016)" + "text": "105,491 (Nigeria); 60,813 (Mali) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "137,337 (unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence; Boko Haram attacks in southern Niger, 2015) (2015)" diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 40b1aee2..2bb2bcdc 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David J. YOUNG (since 2016)" + "text": "Ambassador Stuart SYMINGTON (since 1 December 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja" @@ -517,55 +517,55 @@ "text": "Following an April 2014 statistical \"rebasing\" exercise, Nigeria has emerged as Africa's largest economy, with 2015 GDP estimated at $1.1 trillion. Oil has been a dominant source of income and government revenues since the 1970s. Following the 2008-9 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Nigeria’s economic growth over the last five years has been driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels, however - over 62% of Nigeria's 170 million people still live in extreme poverty. ++ ++ Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production has contracted every year since 2012. ++ ++ Because of lower oil prices, GDP growth in 2015 fell to around 3%, and government revenues declined, while the nonoil sector also contracted due to economic policy uncertainty. President BUHARI, elected in March 2015, has established a cabinet of economic ministers that includes several technocrats, and he has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify the economy away from oil, and improve fiscal management. The government is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. The medium-term outlook for Nigeria is positive, assuming oil output stabilizes and oil prices recover." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.092 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.063 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.089 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.108 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.08 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$490.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$415.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.) ++ 5.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,100 (2015 est.) ++ $6,100 (2014 est.) ++ $5,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,900 (2016 est.) ++ $6,200 (2015 est.) ++ $6,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "78%" + "text": "79%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "6.7%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "14.8%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-10.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-10.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "20.9%" + "text": "21.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "19.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "58.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +575,10 @@ "text": "crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "57.27 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.8 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -610,50 +610,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$18.21 billion" + "text": "$11.4 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$23.56 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$21.21 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "11.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "13.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9% (2015 est.) ++ 8.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "15.3% (2016 est.) ++ 9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 6% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "16.85% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 16.55% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "18% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 16.85% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$43.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $36.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $43.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$89.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $111.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$71.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $101.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$111.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $115.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$80.77 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $111.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$56.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $39.27 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $50.88 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$49.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $63.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $80.61 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$11.92 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.279 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.856 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$15.44 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$45.89 billion (2015 est.) ++ $82.59 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.27 billion (2016 est.) ++ $45.89 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber (2012 est.)" @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "India 18.2%, Netherlands 8.5%, Spain 8.2%, Brazil 8.2%, South Africa 7.8%, France 5.2%, Japan 4.5%, Cote dIvoire 4.2%, Ghana 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$52.33 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61.59 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$36.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $52.33 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals" @@ -671,36 +671,22 @@ "text": "China 25.7%, US 6.4%, Netherlands 6.1%, India 4.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$29.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$23.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $29.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$32.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$39.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $32.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$95.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $92.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$98.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $95.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$12.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.98 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.71 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar - ++ 192.73 (2015 est.) ++ 158.55 (2014 est.) ++ 158.55 (2013 est.) ++ 156.81 (2012 est.) ++ 154.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar - ++ 246.2 (2016 est.) ++ 192.73 (2015 est.) ++ 192.73 (2014 est.) ++ 158.55 (2013 est.) ++ 156.81 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "95,500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "45%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "55%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "37% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "29 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -793,14 +779,14 @@ "text": "further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base over 80 per 100 persons" + "text": "fixed-line subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base over 80 per" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled nat (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ng" diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 30f7c86a..5e7d56ca 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Egypt attempted to colonize the region of southern Sudan by establishing the province of Equatoria in the 1870s. Islamic Mahdist revolutionaries overran the region in 1885, but in 1898 a British force was able to overthrow the Mahdist regime. An Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was established the following year with Equatoria being the southernmost of its eight provinces. The isolated region was largely left to itself over the following decades, but Christian missionaries converted much of the population and facilitated the spread of English. When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, it was with the understanding that the southerners would be able to participate fully in the political system. When the Arab Khartoum government reneged on its promises, a mutiny began that led to two prolonged periods of conflict (1955-1972 and 1983-2005) in which perhaps 2.5 million people died - mostly civilians - due to starvation and drought. Ongoing peace talks finally resulted in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in January 2005. As part of this agreement, the south was granted a six-year period of autonomy to be followed by a referendum on final status. The result of this referendum, held in January 2011, was a vote of 98% in favor of secession. Since independence on 9 July 2011, South Sudan has struggled with good governance and nation building and has attempted to control rebel militia groups operating in its territory. Economic conditions have deteriorated since January 2012 when the government decided to shut down oil production following bilateral disagreements with Sudan. In December 2013, conflict between government and opposition forces led to a humanitarian crisis with millions of South Sudanese displaced and food insecure. The warring parties signed a peace agreement in August 2015, which calls for a transitional government of national unity, but its formation has been delayed as of early 2016." + "text": "Egypt attempted to colonize the region of southern Sudan by establishing the province of Equatoria in the 1870s. Islamic Mahdist revolutionaries overran the region in 1885, but in 1898 a British force was able to overthrow the Mahdist regime. An Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was established the following year with Equatoria being the southernmost of its eight provinces. The isolated region was largely left to itself over the following decades, but Christian missionaries converted much of the population and facilitated the spread of English. When Sudan gained its independence in 1956, it was with the understanding that the southerners would be able to participate fully in the political system. When the Arab Khartoum government reneged on its promises, a mutiny began that led to two prolonged periods of conflict (1955-1972 and 1983-2005) in which perhaps 2.5 million people died - mostly civilians - due to starvation and drought. Ongoing peace talks finally resulted in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement, signed in January 2005. As part of this agreement, the south was granted a six-year period of autonomy to be followed by a referendum on final status. The result of this referendum, held in January 2011, was a vote of 98% in favor of secession. Since independence on 9 July 2011, South Sudan has struggled with good governance and nation building and has attempted to control rebel militia groups operating in its territory. Economic conditions have deteriorated since January 2012 when the government decided to shut down oil production following bilateral disagreements with Sudan. In December 2013, conflict between government and opposition forces led to a humanitarian crisis with millions of South Sudanese displaced and food insecure. The warring parties signed a peace agreement in August 2015, which calls for a transitional government of national unity, but its formation has been delayed as of late 2016." } }, "Geography": { @@ -356,14 +356,14 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit] ++ Democratic Change Party or DCP [Lam AKOL]" + "text": "Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit] ++ Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon] ++ Democratic Change Party or DCP [Lam AKOL]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Garang Diing AKUONGA (since 23 February 2015)" + "text": "Ambassador Garang Diing AKUONG (since 23 February 2015)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1015 31st St., NW, Third Floor, Washington, DC, 20007" @@ -412,25 +412,25 @@ "text": "Following several decades of civil war with Sudan, industry and infrastructure in landlocked South Sudan are severely underdeveloped and poverty is widespread. Subsistence agriculture provides a living for the vast majority of the population. Property rights are insecure and price signals are weak, because markets are not well organized. After independence, South Sudan's central bank issued a new currency, the South Sudanese Pound, allowing a short grace period for turning in the old currency. ++ ++ South Sudan has little infrastructure - approximately 200 kilometers of paved roads. Electricity is produced mostly by costly diesel generators, and indoor plumbing and potable water are scarce. South Sudan depends largely on imports of goods, services, and capital - mainly from Uganda, Kenya and Sudan. ++ ++ Nevertheless, South Sudan does have abundant natural resources. At independence in 2011, South Sudan produced nearly three-fourths of former Sudan's total oil output of nearly a half million barrels per day. The government of South Sudan derives the vast majority of its budget revenues from oil. Oil is exported through two pipelines that run to refineries and shipping facilities at Port Sudan on the Red Sea. The economy of South Sudan will remain linked to Sudan for some time, given the long lead time and great expense required to build another pipeline, should the government decide to do so. In January 2012, South Sudan suspended production of oil because of its dispute with Sudan over transshipment fees. This suspension lasted 15 months and had a devastating impact on GDP, which declined by 48% in 2012. With the resumption of oil flows the economy rebounded strongly during the second half of calendar year 2013. This occurred in spite of the fact that oil production, at an average level of 222,000 barrels per day, was 40% lower compared with 2011, prior to the shutdown. GDP grew by nearly 30% in 2013. However, the outbreak of conflict on 15 December 2013 combined with a further reduction of oil production and exports, meant that GDP growth fell significantly in 2014 and poverty and food insecurity rose. South Sudan holds one of the richest agricultural areas in Africa with fertile soils and abundant water supplies. Currently the region supports 10-20 million head of cattle. ++ ++ South Sudan is currently burdened by considerable debt because of increased military spending and revenue shortfalls due to low oil prices and decreased production. South Sudan has received more than $4 billion in foreign aid since 2005, largely from the UK, the US, Norway, and the Netherlands. Annual inflation peaked at 79.5% in May 2012 but declined rapidly thereafter, to 1.7% in 2014, before jumping back to 52.8% in 2015, following the December 2013 outbreak of violence. The decision in December 2015 by the central bank to abandon a fixed exchange rate and allow the South Sudanese Pound to float has not reduced inflation in the short term. Long-term challenges include diversifying the formal economy, alleviating poverty, maintaining macroeconomic stability, improving tax collection and financial management and improving the business environment." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$23.69 billion (2015 est.) ++ $23.73 billion (2014 est.) ++ $23.06 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$20.88 billion (2016 est.) ++ $24.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.08 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.627 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.628 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 29.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-13.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.) ++ $2,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,700 (2016 est.) ++ $2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "7.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 4.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -470,10 +470,10 @@ "text": "16.6% of GDP (FY 2013 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-69.4% of GDP (FY 2013 est.)" + "text": "-69.3% of GDP (FY 2013 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "52.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "476% (2016 est.) ++ 52.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { "text": "$1.873 billion (31 December 2013) ++ $2.032 billion (31 December 2012)" @@ -482,27 +482,13 @@ "text": "$2.194 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $2.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$332 million (2015 est.) ++ $290 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$13 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.032 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "South Sudanese pounds (SSP) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "South Sudanese pounds (SSP) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "11,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "1%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "4%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "0% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "881.3 million kWh (2012 est.)" }, @@ -677,10 +663,10 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "239,528 (Sudan); 14,476 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016)" + "text": "240,604 (Sudan); 14,477 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "1,672,989 (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2016)" + "text": "1.87 million (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2016)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index 0054f816..05a10145 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free, multiparty election. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was overthrown in a bloodless military coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. A military coup in April 2012 prevented Guinea-Bissau's second-round presidential election - to determine SANHA's successor - from taking place. Following mediation by the Economic Community of Western African States, a civilian transitional government assumed power in 2012 and remained until Jose Mario VAZ won free and fair election in 2014." + "text": "Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free, multiparty election. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was overthrown in a bloodless military coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. A military coup in April 2012 prevented Guinea-Bissau's second-round presidential election - to determine SANHA's successor - from taking place. Following mediation by the Economic Community of Western African States, a civilian transitional government assumed power in 2012 and remained until Jose Mario VAZ won a free and fair election in 2014. A long-running dispute between factions in the ruling PAIGC party has brought the government to a political impasse; there have been five prime ministers since August 2015." } }, "Geography": { @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ "text": "17% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ "text": "President Jose Mario VAZ (since 17 June 2014)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Baciro DJA (since 27 May 2016); the initial appointment of Baciro DJA in August 2015 was nullified by the Supreme Court and he resigned; Prime Minister Carlos CORREIA (since 17 September 2015) was dismissed by President VAZ on 12 May 2016" + "text": "Prime Minister Umaro Sissoco EMBALO (since 18 November 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president" @@ -488,44 +488,44 @@ "text": "Guinea-Bissau is highly dependent on subsistence agriculture, cashew nut exports, and foreign assistance. Two out of three Bissau-Guineans remain below the absolute poverty line. The legal economy is based on farming and fishing, but illegal logging and trafficking in narcotics are also important economic activities. The combination of limited economic prospects, weak institutions, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe while trade in illegal logging, food, and fishing is also significant. ++ ++ Guinea-Bissau has substantial potential for development of mineral resources including phosphates, bauxite, and mineral sands. The country’s climate and soil make it feasible to grow a wide range of cash crops, fruit, vegetables, and tubers; however, cashews generate more than 80% of export receipts and are the main source of income for many rural communities. ++ ++ With renewed donor support following elections in April-May 2014 and a successful regional bond issuance, the government of Guinea-Bissau made progress paying salaries, settling domestic arrears, and gaining more control over revenues and expenditures, but was deposed by the President in August 2015. A political stalemate since then has resulted in weak governance." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.68 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.557 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.494 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.851 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.72 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.596 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.057 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.168 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.) ++ 0.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,500 (2014 est.) ++ $1,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,600 (2016 est.) ++ $1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "10.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 2.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "11.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "92.9%" + "text": "92.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.1%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "5.9%" + "text": "6.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "20.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-30.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ "text": "13.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "41.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "41.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ "text": "agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "731,300 (2013 est.)" @@ -575,47 +575,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$195.1 million" + "text": "$171.3 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$229.6 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$212.7 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ -1.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$454.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $392.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$537.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $454.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$489.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $452.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$596.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $514.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$206.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $160.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$255.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $206.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$10 million (2015 est.) ++ -$38 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$20 million (2016 est.) ++ -$11 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$202.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $171.9 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$163.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $202.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fish, shrimp; cashews, peanuts, palm kernels, raw and sawn lumber" @@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ "text": "India 63.5%, Nigeria 20.3%, China 5.7%, Togo 5.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$199.5 million (2015 est.) ++ $227.5 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$196.8 million (2016 est.) ++ $199.5 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products" @@ -636,24 +636,10 @@ "text": "$1.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.) ++ $941.5 million (31 December 2000 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "21%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "37%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "6% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "34 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -753,7 +739,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "1 state-owned TV station and a second station, Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP) Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster (RTP); 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "1 state-owned TV station and a second station, Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP) Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster (RTP); 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations; multiple interna (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gw" diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 1b41a63d..a7cea68e 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister appointed by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); note - on December 18, Rwanda held a referendum on constitutional amendments that reduce the length of the terms for the president, senators, and Chief Justice and Deputy Chief from seven to five years; the reforms retained term limits, but included an exception for the current president that allows President KAGAME to serve another seven-year term in 2017, potentiallyy followed by two additional five-year terms; election last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO (PSD) 5.1%, other 1.8%" @@ -518,44 +518,44 @@ "text": "Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in subsistence agriculture and some mineral and agro-processing. Tourism, minerals, coffee and tea are Rwanda's main sources of foreign exchange. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap private sector growth. ++ ++ The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded with an average annual growth of 7%-8% since 2003 and inflation has been reduced to single digits. Nonetheless, in 2015, 39% of the population lived below the poverty line, according to government statistics, compared to 57% in 2006. ++ ++ Africa's most densely populated country is trying to overcome the limitations of its small, landlocked economy by leveraging regional trade; Rwanda joined the East African Community and is aligning its budget, trade, and immigration policies with its regional partners. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment, and pursuing market-oriented reforms. In recognition of Rwanda's successful management of its macro economy, in 2010, the IMF graduated Rwanda to a Policy Support Instrument. ++ ++ The Rwandan Government is seeking to become a regional leader in information and communication technologies. In 2012, Rwanda completed the first modern Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kigali. The SEZ seeks to attract investment in all sectors, but specifically in agribusiness, information and communications, trade and logistics, mining, and construction." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$20.42 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.85 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$21.97 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.39 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.267 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.341 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,700 (2014 est.) ++ $1,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,900 (2016 est.) ++ $1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "77.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.3%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "25.7%" + "text": "26.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.7%" + "text": "0.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "14.4%" + "text": "13.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-29.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "15.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "50.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -576,10 +576,10 @@ "text": "cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.852 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.03 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -608,50 +608,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.969 billion" + "text": "$1.865 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.387 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.279 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "22.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "33.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 30.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "36.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 33.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7.75% (31 December 2010) ++ 11.25% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "17.33% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17.26% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "17.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 17.33% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.013 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $820.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$957.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.013 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.576 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.407 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.817 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.337 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.261 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.891 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.337 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.139 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$909 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.385 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.096 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$683.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $723.1 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$674.9 million (2016 est.) ++ $683.7 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee, tea, hides, tin ore" @@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 19.8%, US 10.8%, China 10.3%, Swaziland 7.9%, Malaysia 7%, Pakistan 6.2%, Germany 5.9%, Thailand 5.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.917 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.99 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.961 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.917 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material" @@ -669,36 +669,22 @@ "text": "Uganda 15.7%, Kenya 11.8%, India 8.7%, China 8.7%, UAE 8.6%, Russia 6.6%, Tanzania 5.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.066 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$756.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.178 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.022 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.442 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.178 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.484 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.152 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.779 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.484 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$25.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar - ++ 720.54 (2015 est.) ++ 680.95 (2014 est.) ++ 680.95 (2013 est.) ++ 616.6 (2012 est.) ++ 601.83 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar - ++ 787.9 (2016 est.) ++ 720.54 (2015 est.) ++ 720.54 (2014 est.) ++ 680.95 (2013 est.) ++ 616.6 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "9,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "21%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "67%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "5% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "500 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -791,7 +777,7 @@ "text": "small, inadequate telephone system primarily serves business, education, and government" }, "domestic": { - "text": "the capital, Kigali, is connected to provincial centers by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density has increased and now exceeds 65 telephones per 100 persons" + "text": "the capital, Kigali, is connected to provincial centers by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density has increas" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service) (2015)" @@ -895,7 +881,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "82,263 (Burundi); 73,197 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016)" + "text": "73,092 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016); 84,120 (Burundi) (2017)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "undetermined (fighting between government and insurgency in 1998-99; returning refugees) (2012)" diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index ce28ad97..a538d3ed 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ "text": "President Danny FAURE (PL) (since 16 October 2016); Vice President Vincent MERITON (since 28 October 2016); note - James Alix MICHEL resigned the presidency effective 16 October 2016; the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Danny FAURE (PL) (since 16 October 2016); Vice President Vincent MERITON (since 28 October 2016); note - James Alix MICHEL resigned the presidency effective 16 October 2016; the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Danny FAURE (PL) (since 16 October 2016); Vice President Vincent MERITON (since 28 October 2016); note - James Alix MICHEL resigned the presidency effective 16 October 2016" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -469,44 +469,44 @@ "text": "Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the upper-middle-income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. ++ ++ In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. ++ ++ In 2008, having depleted its foreign exchange reserves, Seychelles defaulted on interest payments due on a $230 million Eurobond, requested assistance from the IMF, and immediately enacted a number of significant structural reforms, including liberalization of the exchange rate, reform of the public sector to include layoffs, and the sale of some state assets. In December 2013, the IMF declared that Seychelles had successfully transitioned to a market-based economy with full employment and a fiscal surplus. Seychelles grew at 4.3% in 2015 because of a strong tourist sector and expanding private sector credits; its fiscal surplus reached 4% of GDP." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.417 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.316 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.181 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.608 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.487 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.352 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.375 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.419 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% (2014 est.) ++ 5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 5.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$26,300 (2015 est.) ++ $25,400 (2014 est.) ++ $24,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$28,000 (2016 est.) ++ $27,000 (2015 est.) ++ $25,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.9%" + "text": "53.9%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "25.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "38.3%" + "text": "39.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "72%" + "text": "63.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-88.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-82% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -514,10 +514,10 @@ "text": "2.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "14%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "83.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "83.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ "text": "fishing, tourism, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "39,560 (2006 est.)" @@ -559,50 +559,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$477.3 million" + "text": "$487.3 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$444.3 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$457.3 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "34.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "63.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 64.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "59.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 63.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "11.17% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.36% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.65% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.36% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$492.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $407.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$546.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $492.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$567.8 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $529.3 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$613.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $564.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$491.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $427.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$515.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $491.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$195 million (2015 est.) ++ -$300 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$265 million (2016 est.) ++ -$253 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$449.4 million (2015 est.) ++ $538.9 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$422.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $449.4 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "canned tuna, frozen fish, petroleum products (reexports)" @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ "text": "France 18.2%, UK 17.9%, Mauritius 10%, Japan 9.2%, Italy 7.8%, Spain 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$922.4 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.081 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$873.7 million (2016 est.) ++ $922.4 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods" @@ -620,30 +620,16 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 22.5%, Spain 11.1%, Singapore 7.4%, China 4.5%, South Africa 4.1%, France 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$536.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $465 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$590.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $536.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.758 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.837 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.552 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.758 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar - ++ 13.314 (2015 est.) ++ 12.747 (2014 est.) ++ 12.747 (2013 est.) ++ 13.7 (2012 est.) ++ 12.381 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar - ++ 13.34 (2016 est.) ++ 13.314 (2015 est.) ++ 13.314 (2014 est.) ++ 12.747 (2013 est.) ++ 13.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "2,795" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "400 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -743,7 +729,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available through 2 providers; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; there is 1 privately operated radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria (2016)" + "text": "the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available through 2 providers; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sc" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 4556c35b..c7616f57 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -523,55 +523,55 @@ "text": "South Africa is a middle-income emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; and a stock exchange that is Africa’s largest and among the top 20 in the world. ++ ++ Economic growth has decelerated in recent years, slowing to just 1.5% in 2014. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality - among the highest in the world - remain a challenge. Official unemployment is roughly 25% of the workforce, and runs significantly higher among black youth. Even though the country's modern infrastructure supports a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, unstable electricity supplies retard growth. Eskom, the state-run power company, is building three new power stations and is installing new power demand management programs to improve power grid reliability. Load shedding and resulting rolling blackouts gripped many parts of South Africa in late 2014 and early 2015 because of electricity supply constraints due to technical problems at some generation units, unavoidable planned maintenance, and an accident at a power station in Mpumalanga province. The rolling blackouts were the worst the country faced since 2008. Construction delays at two additional plants, however, mean South Africa will continue to operate on a razor thin margin; economists judge that growth cannot exceed 3% until electrical supply problems are resolved. ++ ++ South Africa's economic policy has focused on controlling inflation; however, the country faces structural constraints that also limit economic growth, such as skills shortages, declining global competitiveness, and frequent work stoppages due to strike action. The current government faces growing pressure from urban constituencies to improve the delivery of basic services to low-income areas and to increase job growth." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$723.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $714.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $703.5 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$736.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $735.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $726.3 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$313 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$280.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$13,200 (2015 est.) ++ $13,200 (2014 est.) ++ $13,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$13,200 (2016 est.) ++ $13,400 (2015 est.) ++ $13,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "60.2%" + "text": "58%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.6%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.5%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.7%" + "text": "34.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-31.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-33.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "2.4%" + "text": "2.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.9%" + "text": "29.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "68.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "68.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -581,10 +581,10 @@ "text": "mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "21.09 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.7 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "25.4% (2015 est.) ++ 25.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "26.8% (2016 est.) ++ 25.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "35.9% (2012 est.)" @@ -616,50 +616,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$85.82 billion" + "text": "$76.62 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$96.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$86.45 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "44.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 44.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "43.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 44.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.75% (31 December 2014) ++ 7% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.42% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.13% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.42% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$91.72 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $107.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$99.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $91.72 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$172.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $192.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$196.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $245.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$209 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $196.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.007 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.038 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $855.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$735.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $933.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $942.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$13.67 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$19.06 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$9.382 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$13.67 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$81.63 billion (2015 est.) ++ $92.75 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$83.16 billion (2016 est.) ++ $81.63 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment" @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ "text": "China 11.3%, US 7.3%, Germany 6%, Namibia 5.2%, Botswana 5.2%, Japan 4.7%, UK 4.3%, India 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$84.33 billion (2015 est.) ++ $98.62 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$85.03 billion (2016 est.) ++ $84.33 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs" @@ -677,36 +677,22 @@ "text": "China 17.6%, Germany 11.2%, US 6.7%, Nigeria 5%, India 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$45.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $49.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $45.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$131.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $144 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$129.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $131.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$124.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$128.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $124.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$162.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $146 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$168.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $162.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar - ++ 12.7581 (2015 est.) ++ 10.8469 (2014 est.) ++ 10.8469 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.) ++ 7.2597 (2011 est.)" + "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar - ++ 15.7 (2016 est.) ++ 12.7581 (2015 est.) ++ 12.7581 (2014 est.) ++ 10.8469 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "7,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "85%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "90%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "77% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "235 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -799,14 +785,14 @@ "text": "the system is the best-developed and most modern in Africa" }, "domestic": { - "text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 165 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria" + "text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 165 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireles" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 27; the SAT-3/WASC and SAFE fiber-optic submarine cable systems connect South Africa to Europe and Asia; the EASSy fiber-optic cable system connects with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 27; the SAT-3/WASC and SAFE fiber-optic submarine cable systems connect South Africa to Europe and Asia; the EASSy fiber-optic cable system connects with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a private station, is accessible to more than half the population; multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and international channels; well-developed mix of public and private radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABC radio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent, operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4 community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100 community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas (2007)" + "text": "the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a private station, is accessible to more than half the population; multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and internationa (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".za" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index a8857eec..054bbf47 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "12.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "7.2% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -539,55 +539,55 @@ "text": "Senegal’s economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fisheries and agriculture, which is the primary source of employment in rural areas. The country's key export industries include phosphate mining, fertilizer production, agricultural products and commercial fishing and it is also working on oil exploration projects. Senegal relies heavily on donor assistance, remittances and foreign direct investment. For the first time in the past twelve years, Senegal reached a growth rate of 6.5% in 2015 due in part to a buoyant performance in agriculture because of higher rainfall and productivity in the sector. ++ ++ President Macky SALL, who was elected in March 2012 under a reformist policy agenda, inherited an economy with high energy costs, a challenging business environment, and a culture of overspending. President SALL unveiled an ambitious economic plan, the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP), which aims to implement priority economic reforms and investment projects to increase economic growth while preserving macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability. Bureaucratic bottlenecks and a challenging business climate are among the perennial challenges that may slow the implementation of this plan. ++ ++ Senegal is receiving technical support from the IMF from 2015-2017 under a Policy Support Instrument (PSI) to assist with implementation of the ESP. The PSI implementation continues to be satisfactory as concluded by the IMF’s second review mission in March 2016. Investors have signaled confidence in the country through Senegal’s successful Eurobond issuances in recent years, including in 2014. ++ ++ The government will focus on 19 projects under the ESP for the 2016 budget to continue the structural transformation of the economy. These 19 projects include the Thies-Touba Highway, including the new airport- Mbour-Thies Highway. Senegal will increase the national family allowances program and the community development emergency program in 2016. Electricity supply is a chief constraint for Senegal’s development. Electricity prices in Senegal are among the highest in the world. Power Africa, a program led by USAID and OPIC, plans to increase the current 500 mW of generating capacity to over 1,000 mW in the next three to five years. Recent gas discoveries on the Senegal-Mauritanian border, as well as just south of Dakar, will help alleviate some of the energy shortages." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$36.69 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.45 billion (2014 est.) ++ $33.02 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$39.72 billion (2016 est.) ++ $37.24 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.98 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.67 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$14.87 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,500 (2015 est.) ++ $2,400 (2014 est.) ++ $2,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,600 (2016 est.) ++ $2,500 (2015 est.) ++ $2,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "19.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "75.4%" + "text": "74.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15.1%" + "text": "15%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27.2%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26.9%" + "text": "26.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-44.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-44% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "15.9%" + "text": "15.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "23.8%" + "text": "24.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "60.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "60.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -597,10 +597,10 @@ "text": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.521 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.737 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -629,50 +629,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.424 billion" + "text": "$3.839 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.081 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.453 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "54.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 53.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "55.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 54.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ -1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "14.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.264 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.931 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.759 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.264 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$6.351 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.446 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.271 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.549 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$4.868 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.882 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.146 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.868 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.033 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.373 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.244 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.033 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.31 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.498 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.443 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.31 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton" @@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ "text": "Mali 12.8%, Switzerland 9.7%, India 5.9%, Cote dIvoire 5.3%, China 5.1%, UAE 4.1%, France 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.918 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.696 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.001 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.918 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and beverages, capital goods, fuels" @@ -690,30 +690,16 @@ "text": "France 17.9%, China 10%, Nigeria 8.7%, India 5.6%, Spain 4.9%, Netherlands 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.012 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.038 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.173 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.012 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.735 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.655 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.186 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.735 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "6,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "55%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "90%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "28% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3.5 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -806,14 +792,14 @@ "text": "good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system" }, "domestic": { - "text": "above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; about two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly" + "text": "above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; about two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapid" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)" + "text": "state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sn" diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 7e940f36..cfc01b40 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -457,10 +457,10 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$9.992 million" + "text": "$8.845 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$24.55 million" + "text": "$21.73 million" }, "note": { "text": "revenue data reflect locally raised revenues only; the budget deficit is resolved by grant aid from the UK (FY06/07 est.)" @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Saint Helenian pounds (SHP) per US dollar - ++ 0.6542 (2015) ++ 0.6391 (2013) ++ 0.6391 (2013) ++ 0.63 (2012) ++ 0.624 (2011)" + "text": "Saint Helenian pounds (SHP) per US dollar - ++ 0.7391 (2016 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2015 est.) ++ 0.607 (2014 est.) ++ 0.6391 (2013 est.) ++ 0.63 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Saint Helena has no local TV station; 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed to Ascension Island; satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially; Ascension Island has no local TV station but has 1 local radio station and receives relays of broadcasts from 1 radio station on Saint Helena; broadcasts from the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) are available, as well as TV services for the US military; Tristan da Cunha has 1 local radio station and receives BFBS TV and radio broadcasts (2007)" + "text": "Saint Helena has no local TV station; 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed to Ascension Island; satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially; Ascension Island has no local TV station but has 1 local radio station and receives relays of broad (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sh; note - Ascension Island assigned .ac" diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index ac680d95..289fed2c 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "18.1% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -508,55 +508,55 @@ "text": "Sierra Leone is extremely poor and nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. The country possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but it is still recovering from a civil war that destroyed most institutions before ending in the early 2000s. ++ ++ In recent years economic growth has been driven by mining - particularly iron ore. The country’s principal exports are iron ore, diamonds, and rutile, and the economy is vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices. Until 2014, the government had relied on external assistance to support its budget, but it was gradually becoming more independent. The Ebola outbreak of 2014 and 2015, combined with falling global commodities prices, caused a significant contraction of economic activity in all areas. ++ ++ While the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone in November 2015, economic recovery will depend on rising commodities prices and increased efforts to diversify the sources of growth. Pervasive corruption and undeveloped human capital will continue to deter foreign investors. Sustained international donor support in the near future will partially offset these fiscal constraints." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$9.966 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.69 billion (2014 est.) ++ $12.13 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$10.64 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.92 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.167 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.289 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-21.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.) ++ 20.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ -21.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,600 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.) ++ $2,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,700 (2016 est.) ++ $1,600 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 2.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -7.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82.5%" + "text": "83.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.3%" + "text": "9.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "33.3%" + "text": "33.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "13.1%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-39.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "71.6%" + "text": "71.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "7.3%" + "text": "7.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "21.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "21% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -566,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "diamond mining; iron ore, rutile and bauxite mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, footwear)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-65% (2015 est.)" + "text": "14% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.56 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.678 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -601,50 +601,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$664.6 million" + "text": "$558.1 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$875.3 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$738.6 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "41.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "43.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 41.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2016 est.) ++ 8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA%" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "18.78% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 19.41% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 18.78% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$458.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $432.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$444 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $458.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$960.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $857.3 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$967.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $904.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$501.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $516.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$505.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $501.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$574 million (2015 est.) ++ -$911 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$696 million (2016 est.) ++ -$681 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$569.4 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.282 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$886.4 million (2016 est.) ++ $569.4 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "Iron ore, diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish" @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "text": "China 31.3%, Belgium 27.8%, Romania 11.3%, US 7.3%, India 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.575 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.635 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.303 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.575 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals" @@ -662,33 +662,19 @@ "text": "China 23%, India 7.9%, US 6.4%, Netherlands 5.1% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.403 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.238 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.561 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.403 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.296 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.095 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.629 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.296 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { "text": "$9.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "leones (SLL) per US dollar - ++ 5,080.8 (2015 est.) ++ 4,524.2 (2014 est.) ++ 4,524.2 (2013 est.) ++ 4,344 (2012 est.) ++ 4,336.1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "leones (SLL) per US dollar - ++ 6,201.4 (2016 est.) ++ 5,080.8 (2015 est.) ++ 5,080.8 (2014 est.) ++ 4,524.2 (2013 est.) ++ 4,344 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,800,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "5%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "11%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "1% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -788,7 +774,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 3 private TV stations; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two-dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2016)" + "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 3 private TV stations; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two-dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several internati (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sl" diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index bac2f61f..061863b6 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -487,13 +487,13 @@ "text": "19.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.8%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "0.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-1.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-1.7% (2015 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ "text": "light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2014 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "3.109 million (2013 est.)" @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "text": "-71.1% (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "businesses print their own money, so inflation rates cannot be easily determined" + "text": "(2014 est.)" } }, "Central bank discount rate": { @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ "text": "$30.45 million (2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.054 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $2.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" + "text": "$3.054 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $2.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -605,20 +605,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "8,900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "15%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "33%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -708,7 +694,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled during the civil war; private companies offer limited local fixed-line service, and private wireless companies offer service in most major cities, while charging the lowest international rates on the continent" + "text": "the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled during the civil war; private companies offer limited local fixed-line service, and private wireless companies offer service in most major cities, while charging the lowest" }, "domestic": { "text": "local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers with one company beginning to provide 3G services in late 2012" @@ -718,7 +704,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; the transitional government operates Radio Mogadishu; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station; Puntland has roughly a half-dozen private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; the transitional government operates Radio Mogadishu; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in M (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".so" diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index a692b66c..df42261a 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "18,900 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan, which extends into the dry Sahara, is sparsely populated; more abundant vegetation and broader access to water increases population distribution in the south extending habitable range along nearly the entire border with South Sudan; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartoum, southeast between the Blue and White Nile Rivers, and througout South Darfur" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "dust storms and periodic persistent droughts" }, @@ -118,10 +121,7 @@ "text": "Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur", - "note": { - "text": "program of \"Arabization\" in process" - } + "text": "Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur" }, "Religions": { "text": "Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority" @@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan, which extends into the dry Sahara, is sparsely populated; more abundant vegetation and broader access to water increases population distribution in the south extending habitable range along nearly the entire border with South Sudan; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartoum, southeast between the Blue and White Nile Rivers, and througout South Darfur" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "33.8% of total population (2015)" @@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "18 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Al Gazira, Al Gedaref, Blue Nile, Central Darfur, East Darfur, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kordofan, Northern, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kordofan, West Darfur, Western Kordofan, White Nile" + "text": "18 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Blue Nile, Central Darfur, East Darfur, Gedaref, Gezira, Kassala, Khartoum, North Darfur, North Kordofan, Northern, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kordofan, West Darfur, West Kordofan, White Nile" }, "Independence": { "text": "1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)" @@ -434,7 +437,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of the Council of States or Majlis Weleyat (50 seats; members indirectly elected - 2 each by the 25 state legislatures to serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly or Majlis Watani (426 seats; 213 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 128 for women only directly elected by proportional representation vote, and 85 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of the Council of States or Majlis al-Wilayat (50 seats; members indirectly elected - 2 each by the 25 state legislatures to serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly or Majlis Watani (426 seats; 213 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 128 for women only directly elected by proportional representation vote, and 85 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 13-15 April 2015 (next to be held in 2021)" @@ -458,10 +461,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Jalal al-DIGAIR] ++ Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] ++ Muslim Brotherhood or MB ++ National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR] ++ National Umma Party or UP [Siddiq al-MAHDI] ++ Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI] ++ Reform Now Party or RNP [Dr. Ghazi Salah al-DEEN] ++ Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al-KHATEEB] ++ Sudanese Congress Party [Ibrahim Al-SHEIKH] ++ Unionist Movement Party or UMP [Nagla AL-AZHARI]" + "text": "Democratic Unionist Party or DUP ++ Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] ++ Muslim Brotherhood or MB ++ National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR] ++ National Umma Party or UP [Saddiq al-MAHDI] ++ Popular Congress Party or PCP [Kamal UMARI] ++ Reform Now Party or RNP [Dr. Ghazi Salah al-DEEN] ++ Sudan National Front [Ali Mahmud HASANAYN] ++ Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al-KHATEEB] ++ Sudanese Congress Party [Ibrahim Al-SHEIKH] ++ Unionist Movement Party or UMP" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Gibril Fidail IBRAHIM], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-AW [Abdel Wahid NUR,various factional leaders], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-MM [Minni Arkou MINAWI] ++ National Consensus Front or NCF [Farouq ABU ISSA] ++ Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North or SPLM-N [Malik AGAR] ++ Sudan Revolutionary Front or SRF [Malik AGAR]" + "text": "Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Gibril Fidail IBRAHIM], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-AW [Abdel Wahid NUR, various factional leaders], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-MM [Minni Arkou MINAWI] ++ National Consensus Front or NCF [Farouq ABU ISSA] ++ Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North or SPLM-N [Yasir ARMAN]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" @@ -520,55 +523,55 @@ "text": "Sudan has experienced protracted social conflict, civil war, and, in July 2011, the loss of three-quarters of its oil production due to the secession of South Sudan. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of rising oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Since the economic shock of South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to stabilize its economy and make up for the loss of foreign exchange earnings. The interruption of oil production in South Sudan in 2012 for over a year and the consequent loss of oil transit fees further exacerbated the fragile state of Sudan’s economy. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture, keep close to half of the population at or below the poverty line. ++ ++ Sudan is also subject to comprehensive US sanctions. Sudan is attempting to develop non-oil sources of revenues, such as gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. The world’s largest exporter of gum Arabic, Sudan produces 75-80% of the world’s total output. Agriculture continues to employ 80% of the work force. ++ ++ Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces high inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012 but subsided to 18% in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$167 billion (2015 est.) ++ $161.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $156.2 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$176.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $171.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $163.1 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$83.61 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$94.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.) ++ 4.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,300 (2015 est.) ++ $4,300 (2014 est.) ++ $4,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4,500 (2016 est.) ++ $4,500 (2015 est.) ++ $4,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 4.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "79%" + "text": "82.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.7%" + "text": "14.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "5.4%" + "text": "1.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "6.9%" + "text": "7.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-12.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-12.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "28.6%" + "text": "27.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.5%" + "text": "20.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "50.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "51.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -578,7 +581,7 @@ "text": "oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly, milling" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "11.92 million (2007 est.)" @@ -610,44 +613,44 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$6.663 billion" + "text": "$7.301 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$9.943 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.28 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "68.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 72.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "68.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 68.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "17.3% (2015 est.) ++ 36.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "17.6% (2016 est.) ++ 17.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$9.511 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.034 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.711 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.511 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$13.47 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.42 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$17.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$6.457 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$4.999 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$5.545 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$6.386 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.169 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.454 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.703 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.169 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugar" @@ -656,7 +659,7 @@ "text": "UAE 32%, China 16.2%, Saudi Arabia 15.5%, Australia 4.7%, India 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.368 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.106 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.345 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.368 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat" @@ -665,33 +668,19 @@ "text": "China 26.4%, UAE 10.1%, India 9.1%, Egypt 5.6%, Turkey 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$173.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $181.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$167.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $173.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$49.42 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $47.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$51.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.42 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$24.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $24.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar - ++ 6.03 (2015 est.) ++ 5.74 (2014 est.) ++ 5.74 (2013 est.) ++ 3.57 (2012 est.) ++ 2.68 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar - ++ 6.32 (2016 est.) ++ 6.03 (2015 est.) ++ 6.03 (2014 est.) ++ 5.74 (2013 est.) ++ 3.57 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "24,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "35%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "63%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "21% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "12 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -904,7 +893,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Popular Defense Forces (2011)" + "text": "Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Rapid Support Forces, Popular Defense Forces (2016)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation; a requirement that completion of national service was mandatory before entering public or private sector employment has been cancelled (2012)" @@ -916,7 +905,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "98,676 (Eritrea); 8,894 (Chad) (2015); 247,317 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2016)" + "text": "98,676 (Eritrea); 8,894 (Chad) (2015); 263,245 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "3,218,234 (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2015)" diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index 2b92d057..9152de3c 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "16.2% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -520,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "This small, sub-Saharan economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves. ++ ++ The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a Heavily Indebted Poor Country debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. ++ ++ Togo’s 2015 economic growth remained steady at 5.4%, largely driven by infusions of foreign aid, infrastructure investment in the port and mineral sectors, and improvements in the business climate. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed in recent years." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$10.85 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $9.775 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11.61 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.02 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.46 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.165 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.52 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.) ++ 5.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.3% (2016 est.) ++ 5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,400 (2014 est.) ++ $1,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,500 (2016 est.) ++ $1,500 (2015 est.) ++ $1,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 18.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "113.2%" + "text": "107%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "16.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.8%" + "text": "21%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "54.1%" + "text": "49.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-105.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-93.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "28.5%" + "text": "27.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.9%" + "text": "21.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "50.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "51.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "2.595 million (2007 est.)" @@ -610,26 +610,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.061 billion" + "text": "$1.14 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.377 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "67.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 59.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "63.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 67.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" @@ -638,22 +638,22 @@ "text": "NA%" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.036 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.315 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$2.017 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.025 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.599 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.184 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.642 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.977 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$523 million (2015 est.) ++ -$592 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$361 million (2016 est.) ++ -$295 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.246 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.326 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.246 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa" @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "India 14.6%, Burkina Faso 11.3%, China 11.3%, Benin 9.6%, Ghana 9%, Lebanon 8.3%, Nigeria 6.1%, Niger 5.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.881 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.212 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.852 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.881 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products" @@ -671,30 +671,16 @@ "text": "China 22.9%, Belgium 20.3%, Netherlands 11.9%, France 6.6%, India 4.8%, Singapore 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$574 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $507 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$647.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $574 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.034 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $995.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.173 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.034 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,000,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "27%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "35%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "21% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "100 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -794,7 +780,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)" + "text": "2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".tg" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index e6856fda..29bce912 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -493,55 +493,55 @@ "text": "This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome and Principe has to import fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and food, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the oil sector are major economic problems facing the country. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. ++ ++ Over the years, Sao Tome and Principe has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. It benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, the government signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program worth $4.3 million. In April 2011, the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. ++ ++ Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. Potential also exists for the development of petroleum resources in Sao Tome and Principe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but any actual production is at least several years off." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$658 million (2015 est.) ++ $632.7 million (2014 est.) ++ $605.4 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$694 million (2016 est.) ++ $667.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $641.6 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$318 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$351 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.) ++ 4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,200 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.) ++ $3,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,300 (2016 est.) ++ $3,300 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 16.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "19.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 3.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "84.5%" + "text": "85.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.2%" + "text": "14.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "48.1%" + "text": "48.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-58.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-58.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "22.9%" + "text": "22.4%" }, "industry": { "text": "10.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "66.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "67.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -551,10 +551,10 @@ "text": "light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "68,640 (2015 est.)" + "text": "70,620 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": { @@ -577,50 +577,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$88.95 million" + "text": "$108.6 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$108.9 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$127 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "81.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 69% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "89.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 81.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2016 est.) ++ 5.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "16% (31 December 2009) ++ 28% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 16% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$63.82 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $54.91 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$71.57 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $63.82 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$133.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $120.8 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$139.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $126.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$72.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $80.91 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$73.47 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$36 million (2015 est.) ++ -$93 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$44 million (2016 est.) ++ -$55 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $17.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11 million (2016 est.) ++ $11.3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil (2010 est.)" @@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ "text": "Netherlands 29.2%, Belgium 22.4%, Spain 15.5%, US 6.6%, Nigeria 5.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$118.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $144.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$116.8 million (2016 est.) ++ $118.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products" @@ -638,30 +638,16 @@ "text": "Portugal 65.2%, China 8.1%, Gabon 7.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$72.86 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $63.52 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$68.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.86 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$219 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $211.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$236.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $219 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar - ++ 22,091 (2015 est.) ++ 18,466 (2014 est.) ++ 18,466 (2013 est.) ++ 19,068 (2012 est.) ++ 17,623 (2011 est.)" + "text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar - ++ 22,624 (2016 est.) ++ 22,091 (2015 est.) ++ 22,091 (2014 est.) ++ 18,466 (2013 est.) ++ 19,068 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "70%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "40% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "70 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 9d0819cf..dc3d4bd4 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades following World War I was finally successful in convincing the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed from office and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in January 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths. On 14 January 2011, the same day BEN ALI dismissed the government, he fled the country, and by late January 2011, a \"national unity government\" was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held in late October 2011, and in December, it elected human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in February 2012 and, after several iterations and a months-long political crisis that stalled the transition, ratified the document in January 2014. Parliamentary and presidential elections for a permanent government were held at the end of 2014. Beji CAID ESSEBSI was elected as the first president under the country's new constitution." + "text": "Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades following World War I was finally successful in convincing the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed from office and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in January 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths. On 14 January 2011, the same day BEN ALI dismissed the government, he fled the country, and by late January 2011, a \"national unity government\" was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held in late October 2011, and in December, it elected human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in February 2012 and, after several iterations and a months-long political crisis that stalled the transition, ratified the document in January 2014. Parliamentary and presidential elections for a permanent government were held at the end of 2014. Beji CAID ESSEBSI was elected as the first president under the country's new constitution. In 2016, the new unity government continued to seek to balance political cohesion with economic and social pressures." } }, "Geography": { @@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "4,590 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "66.8% of total population (2015)" @@ -286,7 +292,7 @@ "text": "2.3% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2012)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -459,7 +465,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Daniel H. RUBENSTEIN (Since 22 October 2015)" + "text": "Ambassador Daniel H. RUBINSTEIN (Since 22 October 2015)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis 1053" @@ -500,55 +506,55 @@ "text": "Tunisia's diverse, market-oriented economy has long been cited as a success story in Africa and the Middle East, but it faces an array of challenges following the 2011 Arab Spring revolution. Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia embarked on a successful strategy focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia's main economic partner, the EU. ++ ++ Tunisia's liberal strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improving living standards. Former President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (1987-2011) continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance, and unemployment rose among the country's growing ranks of university graduates. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, sending Tunisia's economy into a tailspin as tourism and investment declined sharply. ++ ++ Since its establishment in late 2014, Tunisia’s new government has faced challenges reassuring businesses and investors, bringing budget and current account deficits under control, shoring up the country's financial system, lowering high unemployment, and reducing economic disparities between the more developed coastal region and the impoverished interior. In 2015, successive terrorist attacks against the tourism sector and worker strikes in the phosphate sector, which combined account for nearly 15% of GDP, slowed growth to less than 1% of GDP." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$127 billion (2015 est.) ++ $126 billion (2014 est.) ++ $123.2 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$130.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $128.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $127.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$43.58 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$42.39 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,400 (2015 est.) ++ $11,500 (2014 est.) ++ $11,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,700 (2016 est.) ++ $11,600 (2015 est.) ++ $11,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 13.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "71.2%" + "text": "71.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.7%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "39.9%" + "text": "37.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-50.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-49.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "10.4%" + "text": "10.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.2%" + "text": "28.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "61.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -558,10 +564,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate, iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.014 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.038 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -575,7 +581,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "15.2% (2015 est.) ++ 15% (2014 est.)" + "text": "15.4% (2016 est.) ++ 15.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.5% (2010 est.)" @@ -593,50 +599,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$10.28 billion" + "text": "$9.882 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$12.18 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.77 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "23.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "54.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 50.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "57.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 54.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 4.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.75% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.31% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 6.76% (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "7.31% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.76% (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$12.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.16 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$31.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $30.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$35.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.82 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$35.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $35.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$8.887 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $9.662 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $10.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$3.875 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$4.341 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$3.397 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$3.849 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$14.07 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.84 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.88 billion (2016 est.) ++ $14.07 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment" @@ -645,7 +651,7 @@ "text": "France 28.5%, Italy 17.2%, Germany 10.9%, Libya 6.1%, Spain 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$19.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $23.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.75 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -654,27 +660,22 @@ "text": "France 19.4%, Italy 16.4%, Algeria 8.2%, Germany 7.4%, China 6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.059 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.395 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.276 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.059 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$25.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$27.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$36.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$37.27 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $36.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$285 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $285 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$285 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $285 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - ++ 1.9617 (2015 est.) ++ 1.6976 (2014 est.) ++ 1.6976 (2013 est.) ++ 1.56 (2012 est.) ++ 1.4078 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - ++ 2.141 (2016 est.) ++ 1.9617 (2015 est.) ++ 1.9617 (2014 est.) ++ 1.6976 (2013 est.) ++ 1.56 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "18 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -767,14 +768,14 @@ "text": "above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; telephone network is completely digitized; Internet access available throughout the country" }, "domestic": { - "text": "in an effort to jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government awarded a concession to build and operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; rural areas are served by wireless local loops; competition between several mobile-cellular service providers has resulted in lower activation and usage charges and a strong surge in subscribership; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has reached about 140 telephones per 100 persons" + "text": "in an effort to jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government awarded a concession to build and operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; rural areas are served by wireless local loops; competition between several mobile-cell" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches (2015)" + "text": "country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria a (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT) operates 2 national TV networks, several national radio networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio stations are privately owned and report domestic news stories directly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retains control of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'Office National de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access to Egyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)" + "text": "broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT) operates 2 national TV networks, several national radio networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio stations are priv (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".tn" diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 58033b7a..232edfaa 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Mark Bradley CHILDRESS (since 22 May 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Virginia BLASER (since October 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam" @@ -546,55 +546,55 @@ "text": "Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, but has achieved high growth rates based on its vast natural resource wealth and tourism. GDP growth in 2009-15 was an impressive 6-7% per year. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus measures and easier monetary policies to lessen the impact of the global recession. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining. ++ ++ The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force; agriculture accounts for 7% of government expenditures. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular. ++ ++ The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry's total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment. ++ ++ The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging infrastructure, including rail and port, that provide important trade links for inland countries. In 2013, Tanzania completed the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million, and, in December 2014, the Millennium Challenge Corporation selected Tanzania for a second Compact. ++ ++ In late 2014, a highly publicized scandal in the energy sector involving senior Tanzanian officials resulted in international donors freezing nearly $500 million in direct budget support to the government. The Tanzanian shilling weakened in 2015 because of lower gold prices, election-related political risk, and outflows from emerging market currencies generally." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$138.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $129.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $121 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$150.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $140.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $131.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$44.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$46.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.) ++ 7.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.2% (2016 est.) ++ 7% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,900 (2015 est.) ++ $2,800 (2014 est.) ++ $2,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,100 (2016 est.) ++ $2,900 (2015 est.) ++ $2,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 22% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "61.2%" + "text": "62.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.7%" + "text": "13.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "34.5%" + "text": "36.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-4.7%" + "text": "-5.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.6%" + "text": "22.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-26.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-29.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "25.6%" + "text": "25.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.5%" + "text": "27.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "47.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "47.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -604,10 +604,10 @@ "text": "agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "11.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "26.11 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.96 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -636,50 +636,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$6.022 billion" + "text": "$6.257 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$7.34 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.084 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "34.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "36.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.6% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2016 est.) ++ 5.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "8.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 3.7% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "16.1% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 16.26% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "14.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 16.1% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.457 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.957 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.457 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$8.072 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.533 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$9.484 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $9.308 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.484 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$1.803 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.539 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.264 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$3.886 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$4.583 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$4.121 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$4.007 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.709 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.322 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.985 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.709 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton" @@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ "text": "India 21.4%, China 8.1%, Japan 5.1%, Kenya 4.6%, Belgium 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.843 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.92 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.976 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.843 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil" @@ -697,13 +697,13 @@ "text": "China 34.6%, India 13.5%, South Africa 4.7%, UAE 4.4%, Kenya 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$4.073 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.39 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$3.771 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.073 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "excludes gold" } }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$15.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -712,24 +712,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - ++ 1,989.7 (2015 est.) ++ 1,654 (2014 est.) ++ 1,654 (2013 est.) ++ 1,583 (2012 est.) ++ 1,572.1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - ++ 2,182.3 (2016 est.) ++ 1,989.7 (2015 est.) ++ 1,989.7 (2014 est.) ++ 1,654 (2013 est.) ++ 1,583 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "37,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "24%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "71%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "6.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -822,7 +808,7 @@ "text": "telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and exceeds 75 telephones per 100 persons; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital" + "text": "fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and exceeds 75 telephones per 100 persons; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radi" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 255; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" @@ -963,7 +949,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "179,773 (Burundi); 62,505 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016)" + "text": "177,335 (Burundi); 62,505 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2016)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 1bf31897..e39c58a2 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "14.1% (2011)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ "text": "President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); Prime Minister Ruhakana RUGUNDA (since 19 September 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister Moses ALI (since 6 June 2016); Second Deputy Prime Minister Kirunda KIVEJINJA (since 6 June 2016); Third Deputy Prime Minister Kirunda KIVEJINJA (since 6 June 2016)" + "text": "President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); Prime Minister Ruhakana RUGUNDA (since 19 September 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister Moses ALI (since 6 June 2016); Second Deputy Prime Minister Kirunda KIVEJINJA (since 6 June 2016))" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected members of the National Assembly or persons who qualify to be elected as members of the National Assembly" @@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO] ++ Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Mugisha MUNTU] ++ Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA] ++ National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI] ++ Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]" + "text": "Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO] ++ Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Mugisha MUNTU] ++ Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA] ++ National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI] ++ Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON] ++ Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO ++ Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW" @@ -514,55 +514,55 @@ "text": "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing one third of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Uganda’s economy remains predominantly agricultural with a small industrial sector that is dependent on imported inputs like oil and equipment. Overall productivity is hampered by a number of supply-side constraints, including underinvestment in an agricultural sector that continues to rely on rudimentary technology. Industrial growth is impeded by high-costs due to poor infrastructure, low levels of private investment, and the depreciation of the Ugandan shilling. ++ ++ Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation while encouraging foreign investment to boost production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. ++ ++ The global economic downturn in 2008 hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and a rapidly growing urban consumer population. Oil revenues and taxes are expected to become a larger source of government funding as production starts in the next five to 10 years. However, lower oil prices since 2014 and protracted negotiations and legal disputes between the Ugandan government and oil companies may prove a stumbling block to further exploration and development. ++ ++ Uganda faces many challenges. Instability in South Sudan has led to a sharp increase in Sudanese refugees and is disrupting Uganda's main export market. High energy costs, inadequate transportation and energy infrastructure, insufficient budgetary discipline, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence. During 2015 the Uganda shilling depreciated 22% against the dollar, and inflation rose from 3% to 9%, which led to the Bank of Uganda hiking interest rates from 11% to 17%. As a result, inflation remained below double digits; however, trade and capital-intensive industries were negatively impacted. ++ ++ The budget for FY 2015/16 is dominated by energy and road infrastructure spending, while relying on donor support for long-term economic drivers of growth, including agriculture, health, and education. The largest infrastructure projects are externally financed through low-interest concessional loans. As a result, debt servicing for these loans is expected to rise in 2016/2017 by 22% and consume 15% the domestic budget." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$79.88 billion (2015 est.) ++ $76.05 billion (2014 est.) ++ $72.48 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$84.93 billion (2016 est.) ++ $80.92 billion (2015 est.) ++ $77.21 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.74 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$25.61 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.) ++ 4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.) ++ $1,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,100 (2016 est.) ++ $2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "70.5%" + "text": "73.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.6%" + "text": "24.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "18%" + "text": "20.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-28.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "25.3%" + "text": "24.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.9%" + "text": "21%" }, "services": { - "text": "53.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "54.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,10 +572,10 @@ "text": "sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "18.42 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.03 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -607,50 +607,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.415 billion" + "text": "$3.748 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.446 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.41 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "29.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "35.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 29.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "14% (December 2014) ++ 17% (30 March 2016)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "22.6% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 21.58% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "22.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 22.6% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.043 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.392 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.046 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.043 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$4.262 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.705 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.973 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.15 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.287 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.973 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$7.294 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $7.727 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.788 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.193 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.625 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.23 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.29 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.667 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.725 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.723 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.667 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold" @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ "text": "Rwanda 10.7%, UAE 9.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.8%, Kenya 9.7%, Italy 5.8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Germany 4.7%, China 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.911 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.677 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.911 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals" @@ -668,13 +668,13 @@ "text": "Kenya 16.4%, UAE 15.5%, India 13.4%, China 13.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.909 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.316 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$2.851 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.909 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "excludes gold" } }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.649 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.135 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.241 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.649 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -683,24 +683,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - ++ 3,234.1 (2015 est.) ++ 2,599.8 (2014 est.) ++ 2,599.8 (2013 est.) ++ 2,505.6 (2012 est.) ++ 2,522.8 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - ++ 3,427 (2016 est.) ++ 3,234.1 (2015 est.) ++ 3,234.1 (2014 est.) ++ 2,599.8 (2013 est.) ++ 2,505.6 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "32,100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "15%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "55%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "7% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -738,7 +724,7 @@ "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { - "text": "2.5 billion bbl (2014)" + "text": "2.5 billion bbl (July 6, 1905)" }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" @@ -790,7 +776,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; work underway on a national backbone information and communications technology infrastructure; international phone networks and Internet connectivity provided through satellite and fiber-optic cables through Kenya and the Indian Ocean" + "text": "mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; work underway on a national backbone information and communications technology infrastructure; international phone networks and Internet connectivity provided" }, "domestic": { "text": "intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed-line and mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic; mobile-cellular teledensity about 55 per 100 persons" @@ -800,7 +786,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007, there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)" + "text": "public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007, there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; tra (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ug" @@ -911,7 +897,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "564,440 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers); 222,650 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 41,167 (Burundi); 29,292 (Somalia); 15,226 (Rwanda) (2016)" + "text": "602,212 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers); 224,098 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 41,167 (Burundi); 38,780 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers); 15,226 (Rwanda) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "30,000 (displaced in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lord's Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions; intercommunal violence and cattle raids) (2015)" diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index bbcdfdb2..3a68e2a8 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "text": "26.2% (2010)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Tulinabo Salama MUSHINGI (since 5 August 2013)" + "text": "Ambassador Andrew YOUNG (since September 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Rue 15.873, Avenue Sembene Ousmane, Ouaga 2000, Secteur 15" @@ -529,55 +529,55 @@ "text": "Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. ++ ++ Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso’s key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country’s total export revenues. Burkina Faso’s economic growth and revenue depends on global prices for the two commodities. The Burkinabe economy experienced high levels of growth over the last few years, and the country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports. ++ ++ Burkina Faso experienced a number of public protests over the high cost of living, corruption, and other socioeconomic issues in 2013, while the fall of the COMPAORE government in 2014 and failed coup in September 2015 disrupted economic activity and strained government finances. A new three-year IMF program was approved in 2013 to focus on improving the quality of public investment and ensuring inclusive growth. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$30.88 billion (2015 est.) ++ $29.69 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.55 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$32.99 billion (2016 est.) ++ $31.35 billion (2015 est.) ++ $30.14 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.01 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$12.01 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.) ++ 6.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,700 (2015 est.) ++ $1,700 (2014 est.) ++ $1,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,800 (2016 est.) ++ $1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 7.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "49.1%" + "text": "45.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "22%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "31.2%" + "text": "28.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.9%" + "text": "0.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "33.4%" + "text": "34.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-35.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-31% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "32.9%" + "text": "32.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "45.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "45.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ "text": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "7.692 million", @@ -622,23 +622,23 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.16 billion" + "text": "$2.442 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.387 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.779 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "20.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2009)" @@ -647,22 +647,22 @@ "text": "NA% (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.124 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.969 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.348 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.124 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$4.211 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $3.343 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" + "text": "$4.387 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.192 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.302 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.421 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.192 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$622 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.004 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$723 million (2016 est.) ++ -$706 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.515 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.755 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.771 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.515 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, cotton, livestock" @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ "text": "Switzerland 53.3%, India 14.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.863 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.016 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.872 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.863 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum" @@ -680,30 +680,16 @@ "text": "Cote dIvoire 23.1%, France 11.1%, Togo 7.5%, China 4.8%, Ghana 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$259.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $297.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$333.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $259.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.669 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.544 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.092 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.669 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 494.42 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.) ++ 471.87 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - ++ 605.7 (2016 est.) ++ 591.45 (2015 est.) ++ 591.45 (2014 est.) ++ 494.42 (2013 est.) ++ 510.53 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "14,100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "17%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "56%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "1% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "700 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -900,7 +886,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "32,295 (Mali) (2016)" + "text": "32,017 (Mali) (2016)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index aff889c2..0aa83733 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -532,55 +532,55 @@ "text": "The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 11.5% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Marine diamond mining is increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. The rising cost of mining diamonds, increasingly from the sea, combined with increased diamond production in Russia and China, has reduced profit margins. Namibian authorities have emphasized the need to add value to raw materials, do more in-country manufacturing, and exploit the services market, especially in the logistics and transportation sectors. ++ ++ Namibia is the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium. The Chinese owned Husab uranium mine in expected to start producing uranium ore in 2017. Once the Husab mine reaches full production, Namibia is expected to become the world’s second-largest producer of uranium. Namibia also produces large quantities of zinc and is a smaller producer of gold and copper. The mining and quarrying sectors employ 2% of the population. Namibia's economy remains vulnerable to world commodity price fluctuations, and drought. ++ ++ Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages can be a problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides one of the world's most unequal income distributions. A priority of the current government is poverty eradication. ++ ++ A five-year, Millennium Challenge Corporation compact ended in September 2014. As an upper middle income country, Namibia is ineligible for a second compact. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Namibia receives 30%-40% of its revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Volatility in the size of Namibia's annual SACU allotment complicates budget planning." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$25.34 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.25 billion (2014 est.) ++ $22.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$27.04 billion (2016 est.) ++ $25.94 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.63 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.83 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.18 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.4% (2014 est.) ++ 5.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.) ++ 5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 6.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,400 (2015 est.) ++ $11,000 (2014 est.) ++ $10,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,800 (2016 est.) ++ $11,400 (2015 est.) ++ $11,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "62.8%" + "text": "63.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "26.9%" + "text": "26.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "33.4%" + "text": "36.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "-1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "43.9%" + "text": "45.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-67.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-71.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.9%" + "text": "5.5%" }, "industry": { "text": "29%" }, "services": { - "text": "65.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "65.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -590,10 +590,10 @@ "text": "meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products, pasta, beverages; mining (diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.188 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.21 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -628,65 +628,65 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$4.553 billion" + "text": "$3.818 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.258 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.408 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "37.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "34.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "35.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.8% (2016 est.) ++ 3.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.75% (17 February 2016) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2015)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.41% (17 February 2016 est.) ++ 8.7% (31 December 2015 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.41% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.583 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.507 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.583 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$7.496 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.574 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$4.904 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.655 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.837 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.904 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$1.305 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.152 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.176 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.253 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.12 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.268 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.489 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.015 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.612 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.185 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.015 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, white fish and mollusks" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.914 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.191 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.888 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.914 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.177 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.762 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$6.124 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.829 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$6.515 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.124 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -695,24 +695,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar - ++ 12.7589 (2015 est.) ++ 10.8526 (2014 est.) ++ 10.8526 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.) ++ 7.2597 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar - ++ 16.15 (2016 est.) ++ 12.7589 (2015 est.) ++ 12.7589 (2014 est.) ++ 10.8526 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "32%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "50%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "17% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.5 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -808,7 +794,7 @@ "text": "multiple mobile-cellular providers with a combined subscribership of about 110 telephones per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East submarine cable through South Africa; connected to the West Africa Cable System, an ultra-high capacity fiber-optic submarine cable linking southern and western African countries to Europe; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2015)" + "text": "country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East submarine cable through South Africa; connected to the West Africa Cable Sy (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/africa/wi.json b/africa/wi.json index e7f653ef..6347b43e 100644 --- a/africa/wi.json +++ b/africa/wi.json @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "0 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "most of the population lives in the two-thirds of the area west of the berm (Moroccan-occupied) that divides the territory; about 40% of that populace resides in Laayoune" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility" }, @@ -161,6 +164,9 @@ "Death rate": { "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "most of the population lives in the two-thirds of the area west of the berm (Moroccan-occupied) that divides the territory; about 40% of that populace resides in Laayoune" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "80.9% of total population (2015)" @@ -246,7 +252,7 @@ } }, "Government type": { - "text": "legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved -territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), near Tindouf, Algeria, led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984 - Morocco between 1980 and 1987 built a fortified sand berm delineating the roughly 80 percent of Western Sahara west of the barrier that currently is controlled by Morocco; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)" + "text": "legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved -territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), near Tindouf, Algeria, was led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ until his death in May 2016; current President Brahim GHALI elected in July 2016; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984 - Morocco between 1980 and 1987 built a fortified sand berm delineating the roughly 80 percent of Western Sahara west of the barrier that currently is controlled by Morocco; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)" }, "Capital": { "text": "Laayoune (administrative center)", @@ -258,7 +264,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "none officially, the territory west of the Moroccan berm falls under de facto Moroccan control; Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region that falls entirely within Western Sahara" + "text": "none officially; the territory west of the Moroccan berm falls under de facto Moroccan control; Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region that falls entirely within Western Sahara" }, "Suffrage": { "text": "none; (residents of Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara participate in Moroccan elections)" @@ -376,7 +382,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - ++ 9.7351 (2015) ++ 8.3803 (2013) ++ 8.3803 (2013) ++ 8.6 (2012) ++ 8.0899 (2011)" + "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - ++ 9.929 (2016 est.) ++ 9.7351 (2015 est.) ++ 9.7351 (2013) ++ 8.3803 (2013) ++ 8.6 (2012)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index c347b6d1..aaa80de5 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "5.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "7.1% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -495,55 +495,55 @@ "text": "Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland depends on South Africa for 60% of its exports and for more than 90% of its imports. Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively relinquishing Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is heavily dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and worker remittances from South Africa supplement domestically earned income. Swaziland’s GDP per capita makes it a lower middle income country, but its income distribution is highly skewed, with an estimated 20% of the population controlling 80% of the nation’s wealth. As of 2014, more than one-quarter of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS; Swaziland has the world’s highest HIV prevalence rate. ++ ++ Subsistence agriculture employs approximately 70% of the population. The manufacturing sector diversified in the 1980s and 1990s, but manufacturing has grown little in the last decade. Sugar and wood pulp had been major foreign exchange earners until the wood pulp producer closed in January 2010, and sugar is now the main export earner. Mining has declined in importance in recent years. Coal, gold, diamond, and quarry stone mines are small scale, and the only iron ore mine closed in 2014. ++ ++ With an estimated 40% unemployment rate, Swaziland's need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and to attract foreign direct investment is acute. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods are persistent problems. On 1 January 2015, Swaziland lost its eligibility for benefits under the US African Growth and Opportunity Act, resulting in the loss of thousands of jobs. ++ ++ The IMF forecasted that Swaziland’s economy will grow at a slower pace in 2016/2017 because of a region-wide drought, which is likely to hurt Swaziland’s revenue from sugar exports and other agricultural products, and a decline in the tourism and transport sectors. Swaziland’s revenue from SACU receipts and remittances from Swazi citizens abroad will also decline in 2016/2017, making it harder to maintain fiscal balance." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$10.85 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.67 billion (2014 est.) ++ $10.41 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11.06 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.01 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.83 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.028 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.43 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.7% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,500 (2015 est.) ++ $8,400 (2014 est.) ++ $8,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$9,800 (2016 est.) ++ $9,800 (2015 est.) ++ $9,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 18.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "79.1%" + "text": "74.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "10.3%" + "text": "14.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.1%" + "text": "34.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-46.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-45.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6.6%" + "text": "5.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "43.9%" + "text": "44.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "49.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ "text": "coal, forestry, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textiles and apparel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "446,100 (2013 est.)" @@ -588,62 +588,62 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.121 billion" + "text": "$866.9 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.387 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.195 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-9.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 5.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.8% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.04% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.63% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.04% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$304.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $367.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$236.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $304.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$825.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.008 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$557.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $685 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$511.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $557.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA ++ $203.1 million (31 December 2007) ++ $199.9 million (31 December 2006)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$20 million (2015 est.) ++ $145 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$167 million (2016 est.) ++ $370 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.763 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.803 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.717 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.763 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "soft drink concentrates, sugar, timber, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.603 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.687 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.655 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.603 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$548 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $690.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$603.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $548 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$440.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $438.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$470.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $440.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -652,24 +652,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "emalangeni per US dollar - ++ 12.7581 (2015 est.) ++ 10.8469 (2014 est.) ++ 10.8469 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.) ++ 7.2597 (2011 est.)" + "text": "emalangeni per US dollar - ++ 16.15 (2016 est.) ++ 12.7581 (2015 est.) ++ 12.7581 (2014 est.) ++ 10.8469 (2013 est.) ++ 8.2 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "27%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "40%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "24% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "700 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -762,7 +748,7 @@ "text": "a somewhat modern but not an advanced system" }, "domestic": { - "text": "single source for mobile-cellular service with a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscribership base; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity roughly 70 telephones per 100 persons in 2015; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay" + "text": "single source for mobile-cellular service with a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscribership base; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity roughly 70 telephones per 100 persons in 2015; telephone system consists of carrier-equ" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 8cd049a6..c6e5f481 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 24 October (1964)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 24 August 1991, promulgated 30 August 1991; amended 1996, 2015, last in 2016; an 11 August 2016 constitutinal referendum on enhancement of the Bill of Rights and changes in constitution amendment procedures failed(2016)" + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 24 August 1991, promulgated 30 August 1991; amended 1996, 2015 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" @@ -506,55 +506,55 @@ "text": "Zambia has had one of the world’s fastest growing economies for the past ten years, with real GDP growth averaging roughly 6.7% per annum, though growth slowed in 2015 to just over 3%, due to falling copper prices, reduced power generation, and depreciation of the kwacha. Zambia’s lack of economic diversification and dependency on copper as its sole major export makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in the world commodities market and prices turned downward in 2015 due to declining demand from China; Zambia was overtaken by the Democratic Republic of Congo as Africa’s largest copper producer. ++ ++ Despite recent strong economic growth and its status as a lower middle-income country, widespread and extreme rural poverty and high unemployment levels remain significant problems, made worse by a high birth rate, a relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, and by market-distorting agricultural and energy policies. Economic policy inconsistency and poor budget execution in recent years has hindered the economy and contributed to weakness in the kwacha, which was Africa’s worst performing currency during 2015. Zambia has raised $7 billion from international investors by issuing separate sovereign bonds in September 2012, April 2014, and July 2015, significantly increasing the country’s public debt as a share of GDP. ++ ++ Poor management of water resources has also contributed to a power generation shortage, which has hampered industrial productivity and contributed to an increase in year-on-year inflation to 23% by March 2016. Zambia’s currency, the kwacha, also depreciated sharply against the dollar through 2015, before the central bank restricted lending." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$62.71 billion (2015 est.) ++ $60.51 billion (2014 est.) ++ $57.61 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$65.17 billion (2016 est.) ++ $63.27 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61.43 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$21.89 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$20.57 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,900 (2015 est.) ++ $3,800 (2014 est.) ++ $3,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,900 (2016 est.) ++ $3,900 (2015 est.) ++ $3,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "27% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.9%" + "text": "53%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "21.4%" + "text": "21.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.9%" + "text": "26%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.3%" + "text": "1.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "46.8%" + "text": "43.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-49.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-45.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30%" + "text": "29.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "61.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -564,10 +564,10 @@ "text": "copper mining and processing, emerald mining, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "6.895 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.116 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -599,50 +599,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.661 billion" + "text": "$3.418 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.387 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.079 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "16.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-8.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "58.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "57.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 58.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.) ++ 7.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "20.7% (2016 est.) ++ 10.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9.1% (31 December 2012) ++ 19% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.25% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.57% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.25% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.288 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.118 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.328 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.288 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$5.682 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.437 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.682 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.006 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.672 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.682 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$3.004 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $4.009 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $2.817 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$768 million (2015 est.) ++ $581 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$932 million (2016 est.) ++ -$768 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$6.998 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.22 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.609 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.998 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copper/cobalt, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton" @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ "text": "China 25.5%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 13%, South Africa 6.4%, South Korea 4.9%, India 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$7.711 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.595 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.752 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.711 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer, foodstuffs, clothing" @@ -660,10 +660,10 @@ "text": "South Africa 34.5%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 18.2%, Kenya 9.7%, China 7.3%, India 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.968 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.078 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.046 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.968 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$8.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.367 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.27 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -672,24 +672,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - ++ 8.6 (2015 est.) ++ 6.2 (2014 est.) ++ 6.2 (2013 est.) ++ 5.1 (2012 est.) ++ 4,860.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - ++ 10.8 (2016 est.) ++ 8.6 (2015 est.) ++ 8.6 (2014 est.) ++ 6.2 (2013 est.) ++ 5.1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "10,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "26%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "45%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "14% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "14 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -782,14 +768,14 @@ "text": "among the best in sub-Saharan Africa" }, "domestic": { - "text": "high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; domestic satellite system being installed to improve telephone service in rural areas; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms" + "text": "high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; domestic satellite system being installed to improve telephone service in rural areas; Internet" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 3 owned by Zamtel (2010)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 3 TV stations, is the principal local-content provider, and owns about 45% of multi-channel Zambia shares; several private TV stations and multi-channel subscription TV services are available; ZNBC operates 4 radio networks; 64 private radio stations are available (most regionally) and relays of at least 2 international broadcasters — including BBC and Radio France International – are accessible in Lusaka and Kitwe (2015)" + "text": "state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 3 TV stations, is the principal local-content provider, and owns about 45% of multi-channel Zambia shares; several private TV stations and multi-channel subscription TV services are avai (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".zm" diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 49ec35e0..f5a092d1 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "11.2% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "8.4% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -506,55 +506,55 @@ "text": "Zimbabwe's economy depends heavily on its mining and agriculture sectors. Following a decade of contraction from 1998 to 2008, the economy recorded real growth of more than 10% per year in the period 2010-13, before slowing to roughly 3% in 2014 due to poor harvests, low diamond revenues, and decreased investment. Lower mineral prices, infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, a poor investment climate, a large public and external debt burden, and extremely high government wage expenses impede the country’s economic performance. ++ ++ Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Dollarization in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - ended hyperinflation and reduced inflation below 10% per year. The RBZ introduced bond coins denominated in 1, 5, 10, and 25 cent increments on a par with the US dollar in December 2014, more than five years after the Zimbabwe dollar was taken out of circulation. In January 2015, as part of the government’s effort to boost trade and attract foreign investment, the RBZ announced that the Chinese renmimbi, Indian rupee, Australian dollar, and Japanese yen would be accepted as legal tender in Zimbabwe. ++ ++ Zimbabwe’s government entered a second Staff Monitored Program with the IMF in 2014 and undertook other measures to reengage with international financial institutions. Foreign and domestic investment continues to be hindered by the lack of clarity regarding the government’s Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act. In 2015 the depreciation of the South African rand against the US dollar has led to deflation in Zimbabwe as prices for South African imports decline while the costs of domestic production in US dollars remains stable." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$28.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $27.69 billion (2014 est.) ++ $26.66 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$28.33 billion (2016 est.) ++ $28.41 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.11 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.27 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$14.19 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.) ++ 4.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,100 (2015 est.) ++ $2,100 (2014 est.) ++ $2,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,000 (2016 est.) ++ $2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-0.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -3.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -2.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "84.2%" + "text": "83.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "25.1%" + "text": "25.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "13.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26.2%" + "text": "24.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-48.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-46.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "12.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.5%" + "text": "28.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "59% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -564,10 +564,10 @@ "text": "mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.905 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.098 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -602,53 +602,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.5 billion" + "text": "$3.4 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.9 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "24% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "44.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 41.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "45.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 44.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-2.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ -2.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7.17% (31 December 2010) ++ 975% (31 December 2007)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "18% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 22% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "20% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 18% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.112 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.159 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$2.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.112 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe" + "text": "Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand hav" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$47.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $101.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.013 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.123 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.055 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.013 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$4.073 billion (13 April 2015 est.) ++ $11.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $10.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.466 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.639 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.069 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.52 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.551 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.703 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.257 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.551 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing" @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ "text": "China 27.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 14%, Botswana 12.5%, South Africa 7.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.016 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.307 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.738 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.016 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products" @@ -666,39 +666,25 @@ "text": "South Africa 48.1%, China 12.1%, India 5.2%, Zambia 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$339.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $363.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$326.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $339.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$10.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$3.084 billion (31 December 20145 est.)" + "text": "$3.413 billion (31 December 2016 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$234 million (31 December 2015 est.)" + "text": "$252.1 million (31 December 2016 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - ++ NA (2013) ++ 234.25 (2010) ++ 234.25 (2009) ++ 9,686.8 (2007)", + "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2016 est.) ++ NA (2013) ++ 234.25 (2010) ++ ", "note": { "text": "the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless" } } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "8,500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "40%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "80%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "21% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "9.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -791,7 +777,7 @@ "text": "privatization and competition have driven rapid expansion of telecommunications, particularly cellular voice and mobile broadband, in recent years; continued economic instability and infrastructure limitations, such as reliable power, hinder progress" }, "domestic": { - "text": "consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, fiber-optic cable, VSAT terminals, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is most readily available in Harare and major towns; 1 government owned and 3 private cellular providers; 3G and VoIP services are widely available with 4G/LTE service being deployed" + "text": "consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, fiber-optic cable, VSAT terminals, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is most readily ava" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 5 international digital gateway exchanges; fiber-optic connections to neighboring states provide access to international networks via undersea cable (2015)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index aed4532f..8fd57c4e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ "text": "54.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-66.8% (2012)" + "text": "-66.8% (2013)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -498,20 +498,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "22,219" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "60%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index a12ff812..5c20080b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ "text": "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small, five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars" }, "National symbol(s)": { - "text": "Southern Cross constellation (five, seven-pointed stars), kangaroo, emu; national colors: green, gold" + "text": "Southern Cross constellation (composed of five stars: four large seven-pointed stars, one small five-pointed star), kangaroo, emu; national colors: green, gold" }, "National anthem": { "name": { @@ -498,44 +498,44 @@ "text": "Following two decades of continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system, Australia enters 2016 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by a sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China has stalled and sharp drops in current prices have impacted growth. ++ ++ The services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control. ++ ++ Australia benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, although this trend has reversed due to falling global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly expand the resources sector. ++ ++ Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the World Trade Organization, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia’s free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with India and Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the ten ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and India. Australia is also working on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the US, and Vietnam." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.489 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.454 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.56 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.189 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.156 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.128 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.224 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.257 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (2014 est.) ++ 2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$65,400 (2015 est.) ++ $64,700 (2014 est.) ++ $65,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$48,800 (2016 est.) ++ $48,300 (2015 est.) ++ $47,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 22.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "57.5%" + "text": "58.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.3%" + "text": "18.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.4%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "19.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-21.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-20.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -543,10 +543,10 @@ "text": "3.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.8%" + "text": "28.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "68.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "68.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -556,10 +556,10 @@ "text": "mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "12.5 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "12.63 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.8% (2016 est.) ++ 6.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -591,26 +591,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$415.6 billion" + "text": "$420.5 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$436.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$446.4 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "44.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 42.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "46.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 44.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3% (28 February 2013) ++ 4.35% (31 December 2010)", @@ -619,25 +619,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.58% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.95% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.58% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$223.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $224.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$245.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $223.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.661 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $1.648 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.986 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.09 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.158 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.986 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.286 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.198 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.455 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.187 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.289 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.366 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$56.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$43.83 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$43.85 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$57.98 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$188.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $240.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$184.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $188.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "China 32.2%, Japan 15.9%, South Korea 7.1%, US 5.4%, India 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$207.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $240.3 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$203.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $207.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products" @@ -655,27 +655,22 @@ "text": "China 23%, US 11.2%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 5.5%, Thailand 5.1%, Germany 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$49.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $53.89 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$54.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.524 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.552 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.692 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.524 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$582.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $599.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$614.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $582.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$437.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $483.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$441.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $437.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.1078 (2014 est.) ++ 1.1094 (2013 est.) ++ 0.97 (2012 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.352 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2014 est.) ++ 1.1094 (2013 est.) ++ 0.97 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "235 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -771,11 +766,11 @@ "text": "domestic satellite system; significant use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile telephones" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber-optic submarine cable provides links to NZ and the US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber-optic submarine cable provides links to NZ and the US; satellite earth stations - 10 (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster, operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages; several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available (2008)" + "text": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadc (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".au" diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index d2359845..1cc9d8e8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -477,35 +477,35 @@ "text": "The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closure of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.146 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.11 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.088 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.198 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.163 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.127 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.147 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.218 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,900 (2015 est.) ++ $1,900 (2014 est.) ++ $1,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,000 (2016 est.) ++ $2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "17.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 17.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "53.2%" + "text": "52.8%" }, "industry": { "text": "8%" }, "services": { - "text": "38.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "39.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "text": "fish (tuna), mining, timber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "202,500 (2007 est.)" @@ -547,41 +547,41 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$411.9 million" + "text": "$421.6 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$433.6 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$458.8 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.6% (2015 est.) 5.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) -0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "10.48% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.91% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 10.48% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$405.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $360.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$445.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $405.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$452.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $467.9 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$459.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $427.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$84.69 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $45.12 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$98.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $84.69 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$30 million (2015 est.) ++ -$50 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$54 million (2016 est.) ++ -$30 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$419.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $455.1 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$419.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $419.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "timber, fish, copra, palm oil, cocoa" @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "China 61.7%, India 5.9%, Italy 5.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$425.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $460.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$425.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $425.7 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals" @@ -602,30 +602,16 @@ "text": "$491.5 million (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $187.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$522.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $781.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$545.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $522.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$50.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $48.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$50.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $50.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar - ++ 7.9147 (2015 est.) ++ 7.3754 (2014 est.) ++ 7.3754 (2013 est.) ++ 7.36 (2012 est.) ++ 7.6413 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar - ++ 8.064 (2016 est.) ++ 7.9147 (2015 est.) ++ 7.9147 (2014 est.) ++ 7.3754 (2013 est.) ++ 7.36 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "495,321" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "23%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "62%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "13% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "85 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -722,7 +708,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) is the sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (2009)" + "text": "Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) is the sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is availabl (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sb" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 73760f38..581e7285 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ "text": "foodstuffs" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 0.97 (2012) ++ 0.9695 (2011)" + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.352 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2014) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 0.97 (2012)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index d8d65d70..db1b0877 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ "text": "2.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "95.4% (2010)" + "text": "95.4% (2012)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 0d78d4f3..a769373a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "text": "50% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "4% of GDP (2015)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ "text": "$141 million (1996 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "NZ dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.4279 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2187 (2013 est.) ++ 1.2187 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.) ++ 1.263 (2011 est.)" + "text": "NZ dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.4279 (2015 est.) ++ 1.441 (2014 est.) ++ 1.4279 (2013 est.) ++ 1.2187 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 285f5b39..2db21b3c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -464,55 +464,55 @@ "text": "Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed and connected of the Pacific island economies. Earnings from the tourism industry, with an estimated 755,000 tourists visiting in 2015, and remittances from Fijian’s working abroad are the country’s largest foreign exchange earners. ++ ++ Fiji's sugar remains a significant industry and a major export. The sugar industry reforms since 2010 have improved productivity and returns, but the industry faces the complete withdrawal of European Union preferential prices by 2017. Fiji’s trade imbalance continues to widen with increased imports and sluggish performance of domestic exports. ++ ++ The return to parliamentary democracy and successful elections in September 2014 have boosted investor confidence. Private sector investment in 2015 exceeded 20% of GDP, compared to 13% in 2013." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$8.048 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.716 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.329 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8.374 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.17 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.833 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.782 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.556 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$9,000 (2015 est.) ++ $8,700 (2014 est.) ++ $8,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$9,400 (2016 est.) ++ $9,200 (2015 est.) ++ $8,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 8.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 8.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "70.4%" + "text": "72.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.7%" + "text": "11%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.7%" + "text": "20.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "56.4%" + "text": "50.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-57.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-54.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "10.6%" }, "industry": { "text": "18.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "70.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "71% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ "text": "tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "347.7 (2015 est.)" + "text": "350.1 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -551,50 +551,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.24 billion" + "text": "$1.232 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.383 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.469 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "48.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 47.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "50.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 48.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.75% (31 December 2010) ++ 3% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.79% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.76% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.79% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.931 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.823 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.083 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.931 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$3.165 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.118 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.325 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.068 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.896 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.365 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.068 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$452.5 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $392.2 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $418.8 million (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$257 million (2015 est.) ++ -$326 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$329 million (2016 est.) ++ -$235 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.233 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.152 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$986.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.233 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil, mineral water" @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ "text": "US 13.4%, Australia 10.2%, Samoa 6.7%, Tonga 5.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.283 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.403 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.397 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.283 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals" @@ -612,36 +612,22 @@ "text": "China 16.2%, South Korea 15.7%, NZ 14%, Australia 13.4%, Singapore 8.7%, France 7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$918.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $916.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$884 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $918.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$820.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $863.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$833.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $820.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$4.047 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.747 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.347 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.047 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$189.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $186.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$192.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $189.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - ++ 2.0976 (2015 est.) ++ 1.8874 (2014 est.) ++ 1.8874 (2013 est.) ++ 1.79 (2012 est.) ++ 1.7932 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - ++ 2.11 (2016 est.) ++ 2.0976 (2015 est.) ++ 2.0976 (2014 est.) ++ 1.8874 (2013 est.) ++ 1.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "375,274" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "72%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "900 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -741,7 +727,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel, as well as Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2009)" + "text": "Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel, as well as Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters an (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".fj" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 158b2977..0d71ce8a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -455,21 +455,21 @@ "text": "Economic activity consists largely of subsistence farming and fishing, and government, which employs two-thirds of the adult working population and receives funding largely - 58% in 2013 – from Compact of Free Association assistance provided by the US. The islands have few commercially valuable mineral deposits. The potential for tourism is limited by isolation, lack of adequate facilities, and limited internal air and water transportation. ++ ++ Under the terms of the original Compact, the US provided $1.3 billion in grants and aid from 1986 to 2001. The US and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) negotiated a second (amended) Compact agreement in 2002-03 that took effect in 2004. The amended Compact runs for a 20-year period to 2023; during which the US will provide roughly $2.1 billion to the FSM. The amended Compact also develops a Trust Fund for the FSM that will provide a comparable income stream beyond 2024 when Compact grants end. ++ ++ The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile because of dependence on US assistance and lackluster performance of its small and stagnant private sector." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$306 million (2015 est.) ++ $306.5 million (2014 est.) ++ $317.3 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$314 million (2016 est.) ++ $310.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $311.2 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2013 US dollars; GDP supplemented by grant aid, averaging about $100 million annually" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$318 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$325 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.) ++ -3.4% (2014 est.) ++ -3.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.2% (2015 est.) ++ -3.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,900 (2014 est.) ++ $3,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,000 (2016 est.) ++ $3,000 (2015 est.) ++ $3,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { @@ -555,10 +555,10 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "67.2% of GDP (FY12/13 est.)" + "text": "65.8% of GDP (FY12/13 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (FY12/13 est.)" + "text": "6.7% of GDP (FY12/13 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "28% of GDP (2013) ++ 27% of GDP (2012)" @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ -1% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "7.1% (2013 est.) ++ 6.4% (2012 est.)" @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ "text": "$56.98 million (2013 est.) ++ $56.77 million (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$3 million (2015 est.) ++ $22 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3 million (2015 est.) ++ $3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$88.3 million (2013 est.) ++ $95.7 million (2012 est.)" @@ -610,20 +610,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "42,934" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "192 million kWh (2002)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 23012ac4..567fe955 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "A Tia Porinetia [Teva ROHFRITSCH] ++ Alliance for a New Democracy or ADN (includes the parties The New Star and This Country is Yours) ++ New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON] ++ Our Home alliance ++ People's Servant Party (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU] ++ Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE] ++ Union for Democracy alliance or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]" + "text": "A Tia Porinetia [Teva ROHFRITSCH] ++ Alliance for a New Democracy or ADN (includes the parties The New Star and This Country is Yours) ++ New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON] ++ Our Home alliance ++ People's Servant Party (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU] ++ Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE] ++ Tavini Huiraatira [James CHANCELOR] ++ Union for Democracy alliance or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WMO" @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ "text": "19%" }, "services": { - "text": "68% (2013 est.)" + "text": "68% (2013)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ "text": "$1.891 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.833 billion (2011)" + "text": "$1.833 billion (2012)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -497,24 +497,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - ++ 89.85 (2013 est.) ++ 90.56 (2012 est.) ++ 85.74 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - ++ 89.85 (2013 est.) ++ 90.56 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "116,981" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "72%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "800 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 3bfda980..d56edbc9 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ "text": "21.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "78.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "78.1% (2013)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -518,20 +518,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "66,724" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "60%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.6 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index e3bd3cfb..cfe56c63 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -459,21 +459,21 @@ "text": "A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Island countries. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted by the time of independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. Earnings from fishing licenses and seafarer remittances are important sources of income, however, remittances and the number of seafarers employed have declined since the global crisis. In 2013, fishing license revenues contributed close to half of government’s total revenue and total remittances from seafarers were equivalent to 6% of GDP. ++ ++ Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. The public sector dominates economic activity, with ongoing capital projects in infrastructure including the road rehabilitation, water and sanitation projects, and renovations to the international airport, spurring some growth. ++ ++ Kiribati is dependent on foreign aid, which was estimated to have contributed over 43% in 2013 to the government’s finances. The country’s sovereign fund, the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF), which is held offshore, had an estimated balance of $668 million in 2013, equivalent to 381% of GDP. The RERF seeks to avoid exchange rate risk by holding investments in more than 20 currencies, including the Australian dollar, United States dollar, the Japanese yen, and the Euro. Drawdowns from the RERF helped finance the government’s annual budget" }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$203 million (2015 est.) ++ $194.8 million (2014 est.) ++ $190.3 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$211 million (2016 est.) ++ $204.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $197.8 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$162 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$166 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.) ++ 5.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,700 (2014 est.) ++ $1,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,800 (2016 est.) ++ $1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -536,10 +536,10 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "122.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "119.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "8.6% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 8% of GDP (2012 est.)" @@ -548,13 +548,13 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$74 million (2015 est.) ++ $45 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$12 million (2016 est.) ++ $72 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$84.75 million (2013 est.) ++ $62.31 million (2012 est.)" @@ -578,27 +578,13 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.1078 (2014 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2013 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2012 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2011 est.)", + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.352 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2014 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2013 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2012 est.)", "note": { "text": "the Australian dollar circulates as legal tender" } } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "43,839" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "77%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "30 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index 4fb17cc5..039bdf28 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "consumer goods" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 0.97 (2012) ++ 0.9695 (2011)" + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.352 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2014 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2013 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index b41fa57b..2ebc12a5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Build Our Rainbow Nation ++ Caledonia Together [Philippe GOMES] ++ Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA] ++ Future Together (l'Avenir Ensemble) [Harold MARTIN] ++ Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Roch WAMYTAN] ++ Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI] ++ National Union for Independence (Union Nationale pour l'Independance) or UNI ++ Party of Kanak Liberation (Parti de Liberation Kanak) or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE] ++ Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE] ++ The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Pierre FROGIER] ++ Union for Caledonia in France; note - dissolved in July 2014" + "text": "Build Our Rainbow Nation ++ Caledonia Together [Philippe GERMAIN] ++ Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA] ++ Future Together (l'Avenir Ensemble) [Harold MARTIN] ++ Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Roch WAMYTAN] ++ Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI] ++ National Union for Independence (Union Nationale pour l'Independance) or UNI ++ Party of Kanak Liberation (Parti de Liberation Kanak) or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE] ++ Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE] ++ The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Pierre FROGIER] ++ Union for Caledonia in France; note - dissolved in July 2014" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "NA" @@ -415,33 +415,33 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "64.6%" + "text": "63.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "24.3%" + "text": "24.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "40.7%" + "text": "40.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "20.3%" + "text": "20%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-49.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-47.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "1.4%" + "text": "1.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "25%" + "text": "25.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ "text": "nickel mining and smelting" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "106,400 (2010 est.)" @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" @@ -523,24 +523,10 @@ "text": "$112 million (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $79 million (31 December 1998 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - ++ 89.8 (2015 est.) ++ 89.8 (2014 est.) ++ 85.74 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - ++ 107.54 (2015 est.) ++ 89.8 (2014 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "112,895" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "68%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index ce366c77..7f48213c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ "text": "$418,000 (2002 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.4279 (2015) ++ 1.2187 (2013) ++ 1.2187 (2013) ++ 1.23 (2012) ++ 1.263 (2011)" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.441 (2016 est.) ++ 1.4279 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index b2dd3990..e10c4e9a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 0.97 (2012) ++ 0.9695 (2011)" + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.352 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2013) ++ 1.0358 (2013) ++ 0.97 (2012)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index e34cb807..357e63fa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -466,52 +466,52 @@ "text": "This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two-thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with nearly 197,000 visitors in 2008, are other mainstays of the economy. Australia and New Zealand are the main source of tourists and foreign aid. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. ++ ++ Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. ++ ++ Since 2002, the government has stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$685 million (2015 est.) ++ $690.5 million (2014 est.) ++ $674.8 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$723 million (2016 est.) ++ $695.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $700.8 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$765 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$773 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ -0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,500 (2015 est.) ++ $2,600 (2014 est.) ++ $2,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,600 (2016 est.) ++ $2,600 (2015 est.) ++ $2,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "68.3%" + "text": "67%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17%" + "text": "17.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.8%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "41.4%" + "text": "37.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-53.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-50.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "26.1%" + "text": "26%" }, "industry": { "text": "9%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "65% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ "text": "food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "115,900 (2007 est.)" @@ -553,47 +553,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$176.2 million" + "text": "$175.9 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$171.6 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$201.3 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "22.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "20% (31 December 2010) ++ 6% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.63% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.69% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.63% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$320.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $274.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$375.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $320.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$544.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $552.6 million (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$477 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $555.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$506.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $477 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$77 million (2015 est.) ++ $4 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$129 million (2016 est.) ++ -$82 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$45.6 million (2015 est.) ++ $63.4 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$58.4 million (2016 est.) ++ $45.6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee" @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ "text": "Japan 35.1%, Turkey 10.5%, Thailand 8.7%, China 8.2%, Venezuela 5.9%, UK 5.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$323.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $269.3 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$366.8 million (2016 est.) ++ $323.2 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels" @@ -611,36 +611,22 @@ "text": "China 16.7%, Australia 14.6%, Japan 13.9%, Singapore 10%, Fiji 9.3%, NZ 8.3%, New Caledonia 5.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$269.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $184 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$251.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $269.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$190.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $181.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$208.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $190.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$563.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $508.1 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$618.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $563.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$22.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $22.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "vatu (VUV) per US dollar - ++ 108.99 (2015 est.) ++ 97.07 (2014 est.) ++ 97.07 (2013 est.) ++ 92.64 (2012 est.) ++ 89.47 (2011 est.)" + "text": "vatu (VUV) per US dollar - ++ 110.3 (2016 est.) ++ 108.99 (2015 est.) ++ 108.99 (2014 est.) ++ 97.07 (2013 est.) ++ 92.64 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "202,614" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "27%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "55%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "18% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "60 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 186e8cc2..f914530c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ "text": "$33.3 million (2004 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.1078 (2014 est.) ++ 1.0358 (2013 est.) ++ 0.97 (2012 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.352 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3291 (2014 est.) ++ 1.0358 (2013 est.) ++ 0.97 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index fcb55917..f540101e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "text": "30.6% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2014)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Simon William ENGLISH (since 19 November 2008)" + "text": "Prime Minister Simon William \"Bill\" ENGLISH (since 12 December 2016); December 2016; Deputy Prime Minister Paula BENNETT (since 12 December 2016); note - Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008) resigned effective 12 December 2016" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister" @@ -491,55 +491,55 @@ "text": "Over the past 30 years, the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy, dependent on concessionary British market access, to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. ++ ++ Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, fueling a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for policymakers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08. The higher rate attracted international capital inflows, which strengthened the currency and housing market while aggravating the current account deficit. ++ ++ The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy pulled out of recession in 2009, and achieved 2%-3% growth from 2011 to 2015. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand and lower commodity prices. In the aftermath of the 2010 Canterbury earthquakes, the government has continued programs to expand export markets, develop capital markets, invest in innovation, raise productivity growth, and develop infrastructure, while easing its fiscal austerity." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$168.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $162.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $158 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$174.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $170.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $165.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$172.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$179.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$36,200 (2015 est.) ++ $35,700 (2014 est.) ++ $35,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37,100 (2016 est.) ++ $36,600 (2015 est.) ++ $36,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "57.6%" + "text": "57.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.8%" + "text": "18.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.9%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "28.3%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-27.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-26.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4.3%" + "text": "4.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.3%" + "text": "26.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "69.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "69.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -549,10 +549,10 @@ "text": "agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.501 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.562 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2016 est.) ++ 5.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -584,20 +584,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$66.54 billion" + "text": "$67.61 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$66.02 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$67.01 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "37.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "35% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "34% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 35% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March", @@ -606,31 +606,31 @@ } }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.) ++ 0.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2.5% (31 December 2009) ++ 5% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.76% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.8% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.76% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$31.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$34.99 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $31.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$105.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $97.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$115 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $102.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$342.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $360.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$373.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $342.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$79.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $71.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $71.83 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$74.35 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $74.42 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $65.96 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$5.249 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$6.185 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$5.385 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$5.594 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$34.41 billion (2015 est.) ++ $41.96 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.96 billion (2016 est.) ++ $34.41 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "dairy products, meat and edible offal, logs and wood articles, fruit, crude oil, wine" @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ "text": "China 17.5%, Australia 16.9%, US 11.8%, Japan 6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$35.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $41 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$34.83 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and products, mechanical machinery, vehicles and parts, electrical machinery, textiles" @@ -648,27 +648,22 @@ "text": "China 19.4%, Australia 11.8%, US 11.7%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 4.7%, Thailand 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$14.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.55 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$83.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $89.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$81.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $83.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$74.17 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $85.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$71.19 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $74.17 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { "text": "$59.08 billion (31 December 2009)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.4279 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.) ++ 1.263 (2011 est.)" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.441 (2016 est.) ++ 1.4279 (2015 est.) ++ 1.4279 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "43 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -768,7 +763,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)" + "text": "state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations a (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".nz" diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index d8745421..581c51c7 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "text": "fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.4279 (2015) ++ 1.2187 (2013) ++ 1.2187 (2013) ++ 1.23 (2012) ++ 1.263 (2011)" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.441 (2016 est.) ++ 1.4279 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 54a3a866..3a9c781f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ "text": "Ngerulmud" }, "geographic coordinates": { - "text": "7 31 N, 134 37 E" + "text": "7 30 N, 134 37 E" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" @@ -452,21 +452,21 @@ "text": "The economy consists of tourism and other services such as trade, subsistence agriculture, and fishing. Government is a major employer of the work force relying on financial assistance from the US under the Compact of Free Association (Compact) with the US that took effect after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994. The US provided Palau with roughly $700 million in aid for the first 15 years following commencement of the Compact in 1994 in return for unrestricted access to its land and waterways for strategic purposes. The population enjoys a per capita income roughly double that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. ++ ++ Business and leisure tourist arrivals numbered over 125,000 in fiscal year 2014, a 13.4% increase over the previous year. Long-run prospects for tourism have been bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of industrial East Asia, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development. Proximity to Guam, the region's major destination for tourists from East Asia, and a regionally competitive tourist infrastructure enhance Palau's advantage as a destination." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$272 million (2015 est.) ++ $248.7 million (2014 est.) ++ $238.6 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$276 million (2016 est.) ++ $276 million (2015 est.) ++ $252.3 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "GDP estimate includes US subsidy" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$287 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$296 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "9.4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.) ++ -2.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0% (2016 est.) ++ 9.4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,100 (2015 est.) ++ $13,800 (2014 est.) ++ $13,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,300 (2016 est.) ++ $15,300 (2015 est.) ++ $14,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -526,22 +526,22 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + "text": "41.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "9.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + "text": "8.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 2.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1 million (2015 est.) ++ -$30 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$16 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$19.1 million (2014 est.) ++ $14.4 million (2013 est.)" @@ -562,22 +562,6 @@ "text": "the US dollar is used" } }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "8,752" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "62%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - } - }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { @@ -604,7 +588,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "no TV stations; a cable TV network covers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on a delayed basis, of a number of US stations, as well as access to a number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio stations (1 government-owned) (2009)" + "text": "no TV stations; a cable TV network covers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on a delayed basis, of a number of US stations, as well as access to a number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio stations (1 governm (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".pw" diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 3b6447d7..80d63e8c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -464,21 +464,21 @@ "text": "US assistance and lease payments for the use of Kwajalein Atoll as a US military base are the mainstay of this small island country. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. Tourism holds some potential. The islands and atolls have few natural resources, and imports exceed exports. ++ ++ The Marshall Islands received roughly $1 billion in aid from the US during 1986-2001 under the original Compact of Free Association (Compact). In 2002 and 2003, the US and the Marshall Islands renegotiated the Compact's financial package for a 20-year period, from 2004 to 2024. Under the amended Compact, the Marshall Islands will receive roughly $1.5 billion in direct US assistance. Under the amended Compact, the US and Marshall Islands are also jointly funding a Trust Fund for the people of the Marshall Islands that will provide an income stream beyond 2024, when direct Compact aid ends." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$175 million (2015 est.) ++ $172.3 million (2014 est.) ++ $170.6 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$180 million (2016 est.) ++ $176.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $174.5 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$183 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$188 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.) ++ -1.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,200 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.) ++ $3,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,300 (2016 est.) ++ $3,200 (2015 est.) ++ $3,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "63.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "62.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" @@ -550,10 +550,10 @@ "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.) ++ -2.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1 million (2015 est.) ++ -$14 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$14 million (2016 est.) ++ -$6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$53.7 million (2013 est.) ++ $58.1 million (2012)" @@ -575,20 +575,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "30,084" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "65%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "700 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -655,7 +641,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "no TV broadcast station; a cable network is available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and television service to Kwajalein Atoll (2009)" + "text": "no TV broadcast station; a cable network is available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and television serv (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mh" @@ -731,7 +717,7 @@ "text": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 524, cargo 65, carrier 1, chemical tanker 351, container 226, liquefied gas 88, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 297, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 9, vehicle carrier 10" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "1,465 (Belgium 1, Bermuda 35, Brazil 1, Canada 8, China 14, Croatia 12, Cyprus 40, Denmark 7, Egypt 1, France 7, Germany 248, Greece 408, Hong Kong 3, India 10, Indonesia 1, Iraq 2, Ireland 6, Italy 1, Japan 59, Jersey 11, Kuwait 2, Latvia 19, Malaysia 11, Mexico 2, Monaco 30, Netherlands 21, Norway 75, Pakistan 1, Qatar 29, Romania 2, Russia 5, Singapore 30, Slovenia 6, South Korea 41, Sweden 1, Switzerland 12, Taiwan 8, Turkey 70, UAE 12, UK 12, Ukraine 1, US 200) (2010)" + "text": "1,465 (Belgium 1, Bermuda 35, Brazil 1, Canada 8, China 14, Croatia 12, Cyprus 40, Denmark 7, Egypt 1, France 7, Germany 248, Greece 408, Hong Kong 3, India 10, Indonesia 1, Iraq 2, Ireland 6, Italy 1, Japan 59, Jersey 11, Kuwait 2, Latvia 19, Malaysia 11, Mexi (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index aee12d99..76e6aa1f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ "text": "foodstuffs, building materials, fuel" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.4279 (2015) ++ 1.2187 (2013) ++ 1.2187 (2013) ++ 1.23 (2012) ++ 1.263 (2011)" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - ++ 1.441 (2016 est.) ++ 1.4279 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2039 (2013 est.) ++ 1.23 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 0117a719..0ec0a9b5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -464,52 +464,52 @@ "text": "Tonga has a small, open, island economy and is the last constitutional monarchy among the Pacific Island countries. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 45,000 visitors in 2013. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. ++ ++ The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from overseas Tongans to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, encouraging investment, and is committing increased funds for healthcare and education. Tonga's English-speaking and educated workforce offer a viable labor market, and the tropical climate provides fertile soil. Renewable energy and deep sea mining also offer opportunities for investment. ++ ++ Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. The government faces high unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$526 million (2015 est.) ++ $512.6 million (2014 est.) ++ $502.4 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$557 million (2016 est.) ++ $542.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $524.3 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$414 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$430 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ -0.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.) ++ 3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,100 (2015 est.) ++ $4,900 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,300 (2016 est.) ++ $5,200 (2015 est.) ++ $5,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "79.8%" + "text": "78.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "38.7%" + "text": "41.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "19%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-55.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-60.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "19.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.1%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "60.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "60.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ "text": "tourism, construction, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "33,800 (2011 est.)" @@ -551,17 +551,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$94.98 million" + "text": "$132.7 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$94.98 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$132.7 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "45.1% of GDP (2013) ++ 46.5% of GDP (2012)" @@ -570,28 +570,28 @@ "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ -1% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.09% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.89% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.09% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$101.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $95.17 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$115.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $101.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$198.4 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $195.1 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$218.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $203.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$128.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $121.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$148.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $128.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$32 million (2015 est.) ++ -$37 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$33 million (2016 est.) ++ -$34 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$30.6 million (2015 est.) ++ $31 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$35 million (2016 est.) ++ $30.6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops" @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "Japan 16%, US 15.4%, Fiji 12.8%, NZ 12.5%, South Korea 11%, Samoa 10.7%, Australia 7.5%, American Samoa 6.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$263 million (2015 est.) ++ $240.1 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$288.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $263 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals" @@ -609,33 +609,19 @@ "text": "Fiji 37.7%, NZ 21.2%, China 14.2%, US 6.4%, Australia 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$156.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $158.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$180.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $156.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$206.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $196.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$233.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $206.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$110.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $107.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$117.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $110.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar - ++ 2.1058 (2015 est.) ++ 1.847 (2014 est.) ++ 1.847 (2013 est.) ++ 1.72 (2012 est.) ++ 1.729 (2011 est.)" + "text": "pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar - ++ 2.26 (2016 est.) ++ 2.106 (2015 est.) ++ 2.106 (2014 est.) ++ 1.847 (2013 est.) ++ 1.72 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,325" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "96%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "83% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "50 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -725,7 +711,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Digicel Tonga Limited is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; both parties provide high speed Internet, mobile telephone networks, and international telecom services; Digicel also holds a telecommunication license after its acquisition of TonFon (a subsidiary of former Shoreline Communications Tonga); submarine cable infrastructure, managed by Tonga Cable Limited, has also been brought to the country by Asian Development Bank and World Bank aid" + "text": "competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Digicel Tonga Limited is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; both parties provide high speed Internet, mobile telephone networks, and international telecom services; Digicel also" }, "domestic": { "text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 80 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index cbb20bde..b509ac63 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -422,21 +422,21 @@ "text": "Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. Only eight of the atolls are inhabited. It is one of the smallest countries in the world, with its highest point at 4.6 meters above sea level. The country is isolated, almost entirely dependent on imports, particularly of food and fuel, and vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels, which pose significant challenges to development. ++ ++ The public sector dominates economic activity. Tuvalu has few natural resources, except for its fisheries. Earnings from fish exports and fishing licenses for Tuvalu’s territorial waters are a significant source of government revenue. In 2013, revenue from fishing licenses doubled and totaled more than 45% of GDP. ++ ++ Official aid from foreign development partners has also increased. Tuvalu has substantial assets abroad. The Tuvalu Trust Fund, an international trust fund established in 1987 by development partners, has grown to $141 million in 2013 and is an important cushion for meeting shortfalls in the government's budget. While remittances are another substantial source of income, the value of remittances has declined since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. Growing income inequality is one of many concerns for the nation." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$37 million (2015 est.) ++ $36.05 million (2014 est.) ++ $35.26 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$39 million (2016 est.) ++ $37.52 million (2015 est.) ++ $36.55 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$33 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$32 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,400 (2015 est.) ++ $3,300 (2014 est.) ++ $3,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,500 (2016 est.) ++ $3,400 (2015 est.) ++ $3,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -486,14 +486,14 @@ "text": "$42.68 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$32.46 million (2012 est.)" + "text": "$32.46 million (2013 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "129.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "133.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "31.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "41.1% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 43.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "10.6% (31 December 2013 est.) ++ 10.6% (31 December 2012 est.)" @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ "text": "$0 (2014)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$9 million (2015 est.) ++ -$10 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1 million (2016 est.) ++ $2 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$600,000 (2010 est.) ++ $1 million (2004 est.)" @@ -529,24 +529,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.67 (2014 est.) ++ 1.1094 (2013 est.) ++ 0.97 (2012 est.) ++ 0.9695 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3291 (2015 est.) ++ 1.67 (2014 est.) ++ 1.1094 (2013 est.) ++ 0.97 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "6,137" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "45%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "57%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "32% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "11.8 million kWh (2011)" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 630f60e4..476ebf2a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ "text": "4%" }, "services": { - "text": "16% (2001)" + "text": "16% (2001 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ "text": "$29,730" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$31,330 (2004 est.)" + "text": "$31,330 (2004)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ "Public debt": { "text": "5.6% of GDP (2004 est.)", "note": { - "text": "offical data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "offical data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" } }, "Fiscal year": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 44243cd0..d026ae1a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -489,32 +489,32 @@ "text": "The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. It has a nominal GDP of $780 million. Agriculture, including fishing, employs roughly two-thirds of the labor force and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring fish, coconut oil, nonu products, and taro. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. One factory in the Foreign Trade Zone employs 1,000 people to make automobile electrical harnesses for an assembly plant in Australia, and accounts for 65% of total exports. Industry accounts for nearly 15% of GDP while employing less than 6% of the work force. The service sector accounts for nearly three-quarters of GDP and employs approximately 50% of the labor force. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 132,000 tourists visited the islands in 2013. ++ ++ The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. In September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes on Samoa's Upolu Island. ++ ++ The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the country's financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Foreign reserves are relatively healthy and inflation is low, but external debt is approximately 55% of GDP. Samoa became the 155th member of the WTO in May 2012, and graduated from least developed country (LDC) status in January 2014." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $983.5 million (2014 est.) ++ $971.8 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.046 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.015 billion (2015 est.) ++ $999.1 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$838 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$876 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.) ++ -1.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,200 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.) ++ $5,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,400 (2016 est.) ++ $5,300 (2015 est.) ++ $5,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "10.3%" + "text": "10.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "23.9%" + "text": "24%" }, "services": { - "text": "65.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "65.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "text": "food processing, building materials, auto parts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-6.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "49,180 (2013 est.)" @@ -556,41 +556,41 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$208.5 million" + "text": "$233 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$237.8 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$271.8 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "June 1 - May 31" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.7% (2015 est.) ++ -0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 0.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.39% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.98% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.39% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$116.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $113.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$129.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $116.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$366 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $318.7 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$352 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $334.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$360.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $380.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$382.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $360.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$33 million (2015 est.) ++ -$62 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$29 million (2016 est.) ++ -$31 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$24 million (2013 est.) ++ $27.5 million (2014 est.)" @@ -617,24 +617,10 @@ "text": "$447.2 million (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $450.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "tala (SAT) per US dollar - ++ 2.5609 (2015 est.) ++ 2.3318 (2014 est.) ++ 2.3318 (2013 est.) ++ 2.29 (2012 est.) ++ 2.3175 (2011 est.)" + "text": "tala (SAT) per US dollar - ++ 2.575 (2016 est.) ++ 2.5609 (2015 est.) ++ 2.5609 (2014 est.) ++ 2.3318 (2013 est.) ++ 2.29 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "10,942" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "94%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "100 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 3a3d4f2f..2f152f9d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ } }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "6.1% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -435,22 +435,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "63.3%" + "text": "60.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "28.3%" + "text": "26.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.9%" + "text": "22.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "68.1%" + "text": "70.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-82.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-79% (2014 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -509,17 +509,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$676.3 million" + "text": "$696.5 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$784.5 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$751.8 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "67% of GDP (2013) ++ 55% of GDP (2012)" @@ -528,25 +528,25 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1% (31 December 2010) ++ 3% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.25% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.23% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.25% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { "text": "$1.151 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.942 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.838 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.126 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.942 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.768 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.754 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.768 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.768 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$333.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $258.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.) ++ $333.2 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment" @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "text": "Colombia 28.2%, Netherlands Antilles 18.1%, US 14.3%, Netherlands 10.1%, Mexico 6.5%, Venezuela 6.3%, Panama 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.269 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.35 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.294 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.269 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, refined oil for bunkering and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs" @@ -567,24 +567,10 @@ "text": "$693.2 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $666.4 million (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - ++ 1.79 (2015 est.) ++ 1.79 (2014 est.) ++ 1.79 (2013 est.) ++ 1.79 (2012 est.) ++ 1.79 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - ++ 1.79 (2016 est.) ++ 1.79 (2015 est.) ++ 1.79 (2014 est.) ++ 1.79 (2013 est.) ++ 1.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "11,364" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "900 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -680,7 +666,7 @@ "text": "increased competition through privatization has increased mobile-cellular teledensity to over 125 per 100 persons; 3 mobile-cellular service providers are now licensed" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2015)" + "text": "country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio rela (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index ac2d050d..e7cbd001 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -457,55 +457,55 @@ "text": "Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. ++ ++ After taking office in 2004, the SPENCER government adopted an ambitious fiscal reform program and was successful in reducing its public debt-to-GDP ratio from approximately 130% in 2010 to 89% in 2012. In 2009, the country's economy was severely hit by the global economic crisis and suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009 and 2011. The country has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels. ++ ++ Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and potential damages from natural disasters." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.097 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.053 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.97 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.171 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.128 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.084 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.287 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.303 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$23,600 (2015 est.) ++ $23,300 (2014 est.) ++ $22,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$24,100 (2016 est.) ++ $23,900 (2015 est.) ++ $23,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 8.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 13.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "68.1%" + "text": "65%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.5%" + "text": "16.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.8%" + "text": "23.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "38.1%" + "text": "35.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-47.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-40.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "2.3%" + "text": "2.2%" }, "industry": { "text": "17.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "79.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "80% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "text": "tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "30,000 (1991)" @@ -547,17 +547,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$263.3 million" + "text": "$279.1 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$279.4 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$301.7 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "89% of GDP (2012 est.) ++ 130% of GDP (2010 est.)" @@ -566,34 +566,34 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.08% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$257.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $234.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$275.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $257.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.127 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.116 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.183 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.149 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$888.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.032 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$888.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $888.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$129 million (2015 est.) ++ -$181 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$122 million (2016 est.) ++ -$129 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$61 million (2015 est.) ++ $59.8 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$61.7 million (2016 est.) ++ $61 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, bedding, handicrafts, electronic components, transport equipment, food and live animals" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$482.5 million (2015 est.) ++ $469.5 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$482.1 million (2016 est.) ++ $482.5 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil" @@ -602,24 +602,10 @@ "text": "$441.2 million (31 December 2012) ++ $458 million (June 2010)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "9,358" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -715,7 +701,7 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 15 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 135 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe (France) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; sate (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 03de7425..048bac10 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -383,22 +383,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "71.9%" + "text": "69.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.7%" + "text": "14.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.3%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "44.1%" + "text": "43.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-48.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ "text": "2.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "21%" }, "services": { - "text": "76.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "76.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ "text": "tourism, boat building, offshore financial services" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "6,049 (2001)" @@ -460,17 +460,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$84.15 billion" + "text": "$95.07 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$75.33 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$86.63 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "47,973.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "54,202.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "5,025.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "4,814.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "20.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" @@ -479,34 +479,34 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.1% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.09% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.1% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$25.98 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.08 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$28.38 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.98 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$393 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $385.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$409.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $397.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$422.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $435.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$427.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $422.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$50.1 million (2015 est.) ++ -$46.9 million (2014 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$6 million (2015 est.) ++ $6.3 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.6 million (2016 est.) ++ $6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$128.6 million (2015 est.) ++ $128.7 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$128.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $128.6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, trucks, textiles" @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ "text": "$8.8 million (1998) ++ $41.04 million (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 35 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 160 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-264; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-264; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin/Sint Maa (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 8a786937..f67d8662 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Linda S. TAGLIALATELA (since 1 February 2016) note - also accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" }, "embassy": { - "text": "U.S. Embassy, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14006" + "text": "U.S. Embassy Road, Bridgetown 14006, Barbados" }, "mailing address": { "text": "P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown BB 11000; (Department Name) Unit 3120, DPO AA 34055" @@ -471,44 +471,44 @@ "text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and most developed country in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the region. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism with about four-fifths of GDP and of exports being attributed to services. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners and thrive from having the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and a relatively highly educated workforce. Barbados' tourism, financial services, and construction industries have been hard hit since the onset of the global economic crisis in 2008. Barbados' public debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 56% in 2008 to 101% in 2015. Growth prospects are limited because of a weak tourism outlook and planned austerity measures." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$4.636 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.614 billion (2014 est.) ++ $4.604 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4.804 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.724 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.682 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.412 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.473 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,600 (2015 est.) ++ $16,500 (2014 est.) ++ $16,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$17,200 (2016 est.) ++ $16,900 (2015 est.) ++ $16,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "9.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 6.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82.6%" + "text": "82.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.4%" + "text": "14.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "14.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "3.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.4%" + "text": "35.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-52.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-49.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -516,10 +516,10 @@ "text": "2.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "12.1%" + "text": "11.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "85.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "85.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -529,10 +529,10 @@ "text": "tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "142,000 (2015 est.)" + "text": "142,500 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "11.3% (2015 est.) ++ 12.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11% (2016 est.) ++ 11.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -564,47 +564,47 @@ "text": "$1.2 billion (2013 est.)" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.45 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.5 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "106.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 99.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "108.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 106.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2016 est.) ++ -1.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7% (31 December 2010) ++ 7% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.1% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.38% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.1% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.831 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.816 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.888 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.831 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$4.481 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.342 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.442 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.309 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.377 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.28 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.669 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.377 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$4.495 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $4.571 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $4.366 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$231 million (2015 est.) ++ -$388 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$238 million (2016 est.) ++ -$315 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$482.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $474.4 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$466.7 million (2016 est.) ++ $482.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "manufactures, sugar, molasses, rum, other foodstuffs and beverages, chemicals, electrical components" @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 22.5%, US 11.8%, St. Lucia 9.2%, St. Vincent and the Grenadines 5.7%, Antigua and Barbuda 4.7%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.4%, Guyana 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.618 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.652 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.575 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.618 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components" @@ -622,33 +622,19 @@ "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 39%, US 31.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$657.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $632.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$608.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $657.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { "text": "$4.49 billion (2010 est.) ++ $668 million (2003 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar - ++ 2 (2015 est.) ++ 2 (2014 est.) ++ 2 (2013 est.) ++ 2 (2012 est.) ++ 2 (2011 est.)", + "text": "Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar - ++ 2 (2016 est.) ++ 2 (2015 est.) ++ 2 (2014 est.) ++ 2 (2013 est.) ++ 2 (2012 est.)", "note": { "text": "the Barbadian dollar is pegged to the US dollar" } } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "29,149" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "900 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -744,11 +730,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 55 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density about 115 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)" + "text": "government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside p (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bb" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 61f04559..024dd907 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS] ++ Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE] ++ Democratic National Alliance [Branville MCCARTNEY]" + "text": "Democratic National Alliance [Branville MCCARTNEY] ++ Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS] ++ Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Friends of the Environment", @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ "text": "[1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (242) 328-2206" + "text": "[1] (242) 356-7174" } }, "Flag description": { @@ -461,55 +461,55 @@ "text": "The Bahamas is one of the wealthiest Caribbean countries with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism together with tourism-driven construction and manufacturing accounts for approximately 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy and, when combined with business services, account for about 35% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than one 10th of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The economy of The Bahamas shrank at an average pace of 0.8% annually between 2007 and 2011, and tourism, financial services, and construction - pillars of the national economy - remain subdued. Conditions are improving in the tourism sector, however, due to steady foreign investment led activity. New resort and marina developments are likely to provide sustained employment opportunities." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$9.166 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.122 billion (2014 est.) ++ $9.03 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$9.066 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.042 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.195 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.705 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$9.047 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -1.7% (2015 est.) ++ -0.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$25,200 (2015 est.) ++ $25,300 (2014 est.) ++ $25,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$24,600 (2016 est.) ++ $24,800 (2015 est.) ++ $25,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "11.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "65.4%" + "text": "65.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16%" + "text": "16.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.2%" + "text": "27.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "38.6%" + "text": "36.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-47.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-47.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "2.2%" + "text": "2.3%" }, "industry": { "text": "7.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "90.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "90.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ "text": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "196,900 (2013 est.)" @@ -549,55 +549,55 @@ "text": "1%" }, "highest 10%": { - "text": "22% (2007)" + "text": "22% (2007 est.)" } }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.8 billion" + "text": "$1.9 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.3 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "64.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 60.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "64.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 64.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.5% (1 January 2014) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.051 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.996 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.061 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.051 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$6.453 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.076 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$6.952 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.546 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$9.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.825 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.922 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$2.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.021 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.898 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.029 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.415 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$800 million (2015 est.) ++ $859 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$880 million (2016 est.) ++ $800 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crawfish, aragonite, crude salt, polystyrene products" @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ "text": "Poland 26.3%, Cote dIvoire 20.9%, US 15.9%, Dominican Republic 14.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.585 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.309 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.495 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.585 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals" @@ -615,21 +615,16 @@ "text": "US 22.3%, China 14.8%, Japan 9.5%, Poland 7.7%, South Korea 7.3%, Colombia 6.8%, Brazil 5.6%, Singapore 5.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$895.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $874.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.02 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $895.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { "text": "$17.56 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $16.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 1 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.) ++ 1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2016 est.) ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 1 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -729,7 +724,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 TV stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB); multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting network alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)" + "text": "2 TV stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB); multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting n (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bs" @@ -817,7 +812,7 @@ "text": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 238, cargo 170, carrier 2, chemical tanker 87, combination ore/oil 8, container 57, liquefied gas 71, passenger 102, passenger/cargo 26, petroleum tanker 225, refrigerated cargo 97, roll on/roll off 13, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 61" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "1,069 (Angola 6, Australia 1, Belgium 6, Bermuda 15, Brazil 1, Canada 96, Croatia 1, Cyprus 23, Denmark 69, Finland 8, France 15, Germany 30, Greece 225, Guernsey 6, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Ireland 3, Italy 1, Japan 88, Jordan 2, Kuwait 1, Malaysia 13, Monaco 8, Montenegro 2, Netherlands 23, Nigeria 2, Norway 186, Poland 34, Saudi Arabia 16, Singapore 7, South Korea 1, Spain 6, Sweden 11, Switzerland 1, Thailand 4, Turkey 3, UAE 23, UK 18, US 109)" + "text": "1,069 (Angola 6, Australia 1, Belgium 6, Bermuda 15, Brazil 1, Canada 96, Croatia 1, Cyprus 23, Denmark 69, Finland 8, France 15, Germany 30, Greece 225, Guernsey 6, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Ireland 3, Italy 1, Japan 88, Jordan 2, Kuwait 1, Malaysia 13, Monaco" }, "registered in other countries": { "text": "6 (Panama 6) (2010)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 574dc5de..251c274c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -508,55 +508,55 @@ "text": "Tourism is the number one foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of crude oil, marine products, sugar, citrus, and bananas. ++ ++ The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to GDP growth averaging nearly 4% in 1999-2007. Oil discoveries in 2006 bolstered this growth and oil exploration continues, but production has fallen in recent years and future oil revenues remain uncertain. Growth slipped to 0% in 2009, due to the global economic slowdown, natural disasters, and a temporary drop in the price of oil, but growth grew to 2.2% in 2015. ++ ++ Although Belize has the third highest per capita income in Central America, the average income figure masks a huge income disparity between rich and poor, and a key government objective remains reducing poverty and inequality with the help of international donors. High unemployment, a growing trade deficit and heavy foreign debt burden continue to be major concerns." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.049 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.005 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.901 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.088 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.088 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.056 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.763 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.77 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.) ++ 1.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,400 (2015 est.) ++ $8,400 (2014 est.) ++ $8,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8,200 (2016 est.) ++ $8,400 (2015 est.) ++ $8,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "10.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 13.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 13.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "70.9%" + "text": "72.1%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "17.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.4%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "54.6%" + "text": "52.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-63.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-63% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "12.7%" + "text": "11.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "14.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "71.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "120,500", @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ "text": "18.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "71.7% (2007)" + "text": "71.7% (2007 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -604,47 +604,47 @@ "text": "$500 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$650 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$650 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "28.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-8.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "82.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 76.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "86.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 82.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.) ++ -0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "18% (31 December 2010) ++ 12% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "10.32% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.82% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 10.32% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$764.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $656.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$765.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $764.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.539 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.336 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.785 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.437 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.174 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $979.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.174 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$181 million (2015 est.) ++ -$130 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$220 million (2016 est.) ++ -$172 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$537.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $588.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$519.5 million (2016 est.) ++ $537.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood, crude oil" @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "text": "UK 30.8%, US 18.7%, Nigeria 6.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.8%, Ireland 4.2%, Jamaica 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$961.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $925.5 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$895.5 million (2016 est.) ++ $961.3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco" @@ -662,21 +662,16 @@ "text": "US 26.6%, Mexico 11.7%, Cuba 10.2%, Guatemala 9%, China 7.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 5.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$437.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $486.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$409.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $437.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.309 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.288 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.327 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.309 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Belizean dollars (BZD) per US dollar - ++ 2 (2015 est.) ++ 2 (2014 est.) ++ 2 (2013 est.) ++ 2 (2012 est.) ++ 2 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Belizean dollars (BZD) per US dollar - ++ 2 (2016 est.) ++ 2 (2015 est.) ++ 2 (2014 est.) ++ 2 (2013 est.) ++ 2 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -772,7 +767,7 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity of only about 6 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 50 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 501; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 501; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 8 (Int (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cc.json index 41f8dfa6..cb3ba49a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cc.json @@ -472,24 +472,10 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, food, manufactures" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar - ++ 1.79 (2014) ++ 1.79 (2013) ++ 1.79 (2012 est.) ++ 1.79 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar - ++ 1.79 (2015 est.) ++ 1.79 (2014 est.) ++ 1.79 (2013) ++ 1.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "14,903" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.785 billion kWh (2012 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index c01e0ac7..bcf1175e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -417,22 +417,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "54.8%" + "text": "55.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13%" + "text": "13.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "49.6%" + "text": "46.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-37.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-34.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ "text": "7.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "92.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "92.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ "text": "tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "39,000", @@ -488,23 +488,23 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$834.4 million" + "text": "$859.5 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$734.6 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$742 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-2.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ -2.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { "text": "$334.3 million (31 December 2008)" @@ -513,16 +513,16 @@ "text": "$5.564 billion (31 December 2008 est.) ++ " }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$315.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $183.5 million (31 December 2007 est.) ++ $188.4 million (31 December 2006)" + "text": "$315.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $183.5 million (31 December 2007) ++ $188.4 million (31 December 2006)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$45 million (2015 est.) ++ $73.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$47.6 million (2016 est.) ++ $45 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "turtle products, manufactured consumer goods" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$579.5 million (2015 est.) ++ $601.5 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$585.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $579.5 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels" @@ -534,24 +534,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Caymanian dollars (KYD) per US dollar - ++ 0.82 (2015 est.) ++ 0.82 (2014 est.) ++ 0.83 (2013 est.) ++ 0.83 (2012 est.) ++ 0.83 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Caymanian dollars (KYD) per US dollar - ++ 0.82 (2016 est.) ++ 0.82 (2015 est.) ++ 0.82 (2014 est.) ++ 0.83 (2013 est.) ++ 0.83 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,726" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "600 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -647,7 +633,7 @@ "text": "liberalization of telecom market in 2003; introduction of competition in the mobile-cellular market in 2004 boosted subscriptions dramatically" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-345; landing points for the Maya-1, Eastern Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS), and the Cayman-Jamaica Fiber System submarine cables that provide links to the US and parts of Central and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-345; landing points for the Maya-1, Eastern Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS), and the Cayman-Jamaica Fiber System submarine cables that provide links to the US and parts of Central and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atl (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index f8c6c7c4..5250fb2f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "1.1% (2009)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -534,55 +534,55 @@ "text": "Prior to the global economic crisis, Costa Rica enjoyed stable economic growth. The economy contracted in 2009 but resumed growth at about 4% per year in 2010-15. While traditional agricultural exports of bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef are still the backbone of commodity export trade, a variety of industrial and specialized agricultural products have broadened export trade in recent years. High value-added goods and services, including medical devices, have further bolstered exports. Tourism continues to bring in foreign exchange, as Costa Rica's impressive biodiversity makes it a key destination for ecotourism. ++ ++ Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and relatively high education levels, as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones; Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America. The US-Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force on 1 January 2009 after significant delays within the Costa Rican legislature. CAFTA-DR has increased foreign direct investment in key sectors of the economy, including the insurance and telecommunications sectors. However, poor infrastructure, high energy costs, bureaucracy, weak investor protection, and legal uncertainty due to the difficulty of enforcing contracts and overlapping and at times conflicting responsibilities between agencies, remain impediments to greater competitiveness. ++ ++ Costa Rica’s economy also faces challenges due to a rising fiscal deficit, rising public debt, and relatively low levels of domestic revenue. Poverty has remained around 20-25% for nearly 20 years, and the strong social safety net that had been put into place by the government has eroded due to increased financial constraints on government expenditures. Unlike the rest of Central America, Costa Rica is not highly dependent on remittances, which in 2014 represented 1% of GDP. Immigration from Nicaragua has increasingly become a concern for the government. The estimated 300,000-500,000 Nicaraguans in Costa Rica, legally and illegally, are an important source of mostly unskilled labor, but also place heavy demands on the social welfare system." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$74.89 billion (2015 est.) ++ $72.23 billion (2014 est.) ++ $70.15 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$79.26 billion (2016 est.) ++ $76.02 billion (2015 est.) ++ $73.33 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$52.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$57.69 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,500 (2015 est.) ++ $15,100 (2014 est.) ++ $14,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16,100 (2016 est.) ++ $15,700 (2015 est.) ++ $15,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "64.9%" + "text": "62.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.1%" + "text": "16.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.5%" + "text": "22.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-3.5%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.9%" + "text": "29.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-32.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-31.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.6%" + "text": "5.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "18.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "75.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "75.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -592,12 +592,12 @@ "text": "medical equipment, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.268 million", + "text": "2.295 million", "note": { - "text": "official estimate; excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica (2015 est.)" + "text": "official estimate; excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.4% (2015 est.) ++ 9.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (2016 est.) ++ 9.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "24.8% (2011 est.)" @@ -630,50 +630,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$7.813 billion" + "text": "$8.115 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$10.93 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.31 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "60.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 56.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "62.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 60.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "21.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 23% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.24% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.9% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.24% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.273 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.643 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.946 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.273 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$21.55 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$30.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.25 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$35.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $30.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$2.015 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.443 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.445 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.135 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.34 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.57 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.093 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$9.503 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.271 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.824 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.503 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar; beef; seafood; electronic components, medical equipment" @@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ "text": "US 33.6%, China 6.2%, Mexico 4.6%, Nicaragua 4.3%, Netherlands 4.2%, Guatemala 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$14.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.84 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.76 billion (2016 est.) ++ $14.38 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum, construction materials" @@ -691,36 +691,22 @@ "text": "US 45.3%, China 9.8%, Mexico 7.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.834 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.211 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.834 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$23.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.91 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $23.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$28.75 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.75 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$3.154 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.768 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.354 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.154 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar - ++ 534.57 (2015 est.) ++ 538.32 (2014 est.) ++ 538.32 (2013 est.) ++ 502.9 (2012 est.) ++ 505.66 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar - ++ 543.4 (2016 est.) ++ 534.57 (2015 est.) ++ 534.57 (2014 est.) ++ 538.32 (2013 est.) ++ 502.9 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "24,362" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.5%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.9%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98.3% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "10 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -816,7 +802,7 @@ "text": "point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 506; landing points for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), MAYA-1, and the Pan American Crossing submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 506; landing points for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), MAYA-1, and the Pan American Crossing submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central Am (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 9c54efab..5700f20a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ "text": "Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation ++ Damas de Blanco (Ladies in White) ++ National Association of Small Farmers ++ Patriotic Union of Cuba", + "text": "Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation ++ Damas de Blanco (Ladies in White) ++ Patriotic Union of Cuba", "other": { "text": "political dissidents and bloggers" } @@ -541,9 +541,9 @@ "text": "1.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2.7% (2013 est.) ++ 3% (2012 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$10,200 (2010 est.) ++ $10,000 (2009 est.) ++ $10,000 (2008 est.)", + "text": "$11,600 (2014 est.) ++ $11,500 (2013 est.) ++ $11,200 (2012 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2010 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { @@ -551,33 +551,33 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "58.3%" + "text": "55.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "36.9%" + "text": "34.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "9.3%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-6.4%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "17.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-19.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-17.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "3.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "24.6%" + "text": "23%" }, "services": { - "text": "71.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "72.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,12 +587,12 @@ "text": "petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.111 million", + "text": "5.117 million", "note": { - "text": "state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)", + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "these are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double the official figures" } @@ -625,26 +625,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$49.8 billion" + "text": "$52.37 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$53.93 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$58.59 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "64.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-8.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "34.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 32.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "32.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA%" @@ -653,10 +653,10 @@ "text": "NA%" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$18.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.87 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$24.63 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $24.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" + "text": "$43.92 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { "text": "$NA" @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "text": "-$145.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.996 billion (2014 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.903 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.149 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.428 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.903 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, nickel, medical products, sugar, tobacco, fish, citrus, coffee" @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ "text": "Canada 17.7%, Venezuela 13.8%, China 13%, Netherlands 6.4%, Spain 5.4%, Belize 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$13.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.34 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.48 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -683,10 +683,10 @@ "text": "Venezuela 31.8%, China 17.6%, Spain 10%, Brazil 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$12.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$26 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.32 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -695,24 +695,10 @@ "text": "$4.138 billion (2006 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar - ++ 18.43 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 22.7 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.) ++ 0.9847 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2016 est.) ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 22.7 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.9%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "95% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "18 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -802,7 +788,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "fixed-line and mobile services still under the monopoly of state-run ETESCA; mobile-cellular telephone service is expensive and must be paid in convertible pesos; Cuban Government has opened Internet cafes around the island, which are expensive and offer slow-speed connections" + "text": "fixed-line and mobile services still under the monopoly of state-run ETESCA; mobile-cellular telephone service is expensive and must be paid in convertible pesos; Cuban Government has opened Internet cafes around the island, which are expensive and offer" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line density remains low at about 10 per 100 inhabitants; mobile-cellular service expanding but remains only about 30 per 100 persons" @@ -812,7 +798,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government owns and controls all broadcast media with private ownership of electronic media prohibited; government operates 4 national TV networks and many local TV stations; government operates 6 national radio networks, an international station, and many local radio stations; Radio-TV Marti is beamed from the US (2007)" + "text": "government owns and controls all broadcast media with private ownership of electronic media prohibited; government operates 4 national TV networks and many local TV stations; government operates 6 national radio networks, an international station, and man (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cu" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index b6275611..8b2ecae5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -412,55 +412,55 @@ "text": "The Dominican economy has been dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an \"ecotourism\" destination. Moreover, Dominica has an offshore medical education sector. In order to diversify the island's economy, the government is also attempting to foster an offshore financial industry and plans to sign agreements with the private sector to develop geothermal energy resources. In 2003, the government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy - including the elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address an economic and financial crisis and to meet IMF requirements. In 2009 and 2013, the economy contracted as a result of the global recession; growth remains anemic. Although public debt levels continue to exceed pre-recession levels, the debt burden declined from 78% of GDP in 2011 to approximately 70% in 2012." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$763 million (2015 est.) ++ $797.4 million (2014 est.) ++ $767.6 million (2013 est.)", + "text": "$812 million (2016 est.) ++ $799.6 million (2015 est.) ++ $814 million (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$497 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$524 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.) ++ 0.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ -1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$10,700 (2015 est.) ++ $11,200 (2014 est.) ++ $10,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,400 (2016 est.) ++ $11,300 (2015 est.) ++ $11,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 0.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 7.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "73.3%" + "text": "70.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.7%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "31%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-34% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "16.5%" + "text": "14.7%" }, "industry": { "text": "15.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "68% (2015 est.)" + "text": "69.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ "text": "soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "25,000 (2000 est.)" @@ -508,14 +508,14 @@ "text": "$148.1 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$148.1 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$148.1 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "70% of GDP (2012 est.) ++ 78% of GDP (2009 est.)" @@ -524,28 +524,28 @@ "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ -0.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.7% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.94% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.7% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$96.59 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $86.92 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$114.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $96.59 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$499.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $462.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$504.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $480.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$259.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $314.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$296.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $259.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$70 million (2015 est.) ++ -$68 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$69 million (2016 est.) ++ -$48 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$35.2 million (2015 est.) ++ $38.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $35.2 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges" @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ "text": "Japan 38.1%, Jamaica 19%, Antigua and Barbuda 10.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 6.2%, St. Lucia 4.8%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$182.9 million (2015 est.) ++ $186.9 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$186.5 million (2016 est.) ++ $182.9 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals" @@ -563,30 +563,16 @@ "text": "Japan 42%, Trinidad and Tobago 17%, US 11.9%, China 6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$126.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $101.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$100 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $126.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$275.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $291.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$288.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $275.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,900" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "93%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "97 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -682,11 +668,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line connections continued to decline slowly with the two active operators providing about 20 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers is about 105 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-767; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-767; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Tri (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2007)" + "text": "no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately owned radio broadcasts on ab (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".dm" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index e6006081..f563de3c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -524,52 +524,52 @@ "text": "The Dominican Republic has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in construction, tourism, and free trade zones. The mining sector has also played a greater role in the export market since late 2012 with the commencement of the extraction phase of the Pueblo Viejo Gold and Silver mine. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP. High unemployment, a large informal sector, and underemployment remain important long-term challenges. ++ ++ The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for approximately half of exports. Remittances from the US amount to about 7% of GDP, equivalent to about a third of exports and two-thirds of tourism receipts. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and exports and reducing losses to the Asian garment industry. ++ ++ The Dominican Republic's economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-15, and the fiscal situation is improving. A tax reform package passed in November 2012, a reduction in government spending, and lower energy costs helped to narrow the central government budget deficit from 6.6% of GDP in 2012 to 2.6% in 2015. A liability management operation in January 2015, in which the government paid down over $4 billion of the country’s Petrocaribe debt at a discount of 52% with proceeds from the sale of $2.5 billion in global bonds, reduced the country’s debt load by approximately by 4% of GDP. Analysts project 6% GDP growth in 2016 and inflation within the Central Bank’s target of 4.0% � 1.0%, due to low oil prices, increased remittances, and continued expansion in the services sector based on growth in construction." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$149.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $139.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $130.3 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$160.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $151.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $142 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$67.49 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$71.46 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.) ++ 4.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.9% (2016 est.) ++ 7% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,000 (2015 est.) ++ $14,200 (2014 est.) ++ $13,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,900 (2016 est.) ++ $15,200 (2015 est.) ++ $14,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "70.2%" + "text": "67.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "10.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.6%" + "text": "24.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "24.7%" + "text": "24%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-29.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-26.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "5.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "33.2%" + "text": "32.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "62.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -579,10 +579,10 @@ "text": "tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.012 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.113 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -592,11 +592,11 @@ "text": "20.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.7% (2014)" + "text": "64.7% (2014 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "14% (2015 est.) ++ 14.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "13.8% (2016 est.) ++ 14% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "41.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -614,47 +614,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$11.94 billion" + "text": "$11.17 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$11.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$13 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "44.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 44.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "44% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 44.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.88% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13.9% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.88% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.986 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.488 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.536 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.986 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$18.74 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.99 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$30.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $30.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.299 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.026 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.709 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.307 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$9.523 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.899 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.822 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.523 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, silver, cocoa, sugar, coffee, tobacco, meats, consumer goods" @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ "text": "US 42.5%, Haiti 16.5%, Canada 8.1%, India 4.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$16.86 billion (2015 est.) ++ $17.27 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.67 billion (2016 est.) ++ $16.86 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals" @@ -672,36 +672,22 @@ "text": "US 42%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 5.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.5%, Mexico 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$5.266 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.862 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.566 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.266 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$25.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$31.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $28.81 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $31.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$272 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $249.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$372 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $272 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - ++ 45.052 (2015 est.) ++ 43.556 (2014 est.) ++ 43.556 (2013 est.) ++ 39.34 (2012 est.) ++ 38.232 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - ++ 46.2 (2016 est.) ++ 45.052 (2015 est.) ++ 45.052 (2014 est.) ++ 43.556 (2013 est.) ++ 39.34 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "14 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -797,11 +783,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 85 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-809; 1-829; 1-849; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, AMX-1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-809; 1-829; 1-849; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, AMX-1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite ear (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2015)" + "text": "combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations wi (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".do" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 00222775..4d5cc107 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ "text": "5% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -548,55 +548,55 @@ "text": "The smallest country in Central America geographically, El Salvador has the fourth largest economy in the region. With the global recession, real GDP contracted in 2009 and economic growth has since remained low, averaging less than 2% from 2010 to 2014, but recovered somewhat in 2015. Remittances accounted for 17% of GDP in 2014 and were received by about a third of all households. ++ ++ In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition. In September 2015, El Salvador kicked off a five-year $277 million second compact with the Millennium Challenge Corporation - a US Government agency aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty - to improve El Salvador's competitiveness and productivity in international markets.. ++ ++ The Salvadoran Government maintained fiscal discipline during post-war reconstruction and rebuilding following earthquakes in 2001 and hurricanes in 1998 and 2005, but El Salvador's public debt, estimated at 65% of GDP in 2015, has been growing over the last several years. Total external debt was nearly 60% of GDP in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$52.95 billion (2015 est.) ++ $51.71 billion (2014 est.) ++ $50.72 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$54.79 billion (2016 est.) ++ $53.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $52.22 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$25.77 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$26.61 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,300 (2015 est.) ++ $8,100 (2014 est.) ++ $8,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8,900 (2016 est.) ++ $8,700 (2015 est.) ++ $8,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "10.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 8.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 8.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 10.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 8.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "91.9%" + "text": "91.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.1%" + "text": "12.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "14.2%" + "text": "14.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "26.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-44.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-44.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "10.5%" + "text": "10.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "25.1%" + "text": "25.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -606,10 +606,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.774 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.788 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2015 est.) ++ 5.6% (2014 est.)", + "text": "5.5% (2016 est.) ++ 5.5% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are official rates; but underemployment is high" } @@ -644,20 +644,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$5.158 billion" + "text": "$5.443 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$6.009 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$6.318 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "20.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "65.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 62.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "64.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 65.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt" } @@ -666,28 +666,28 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.7% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6.13% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.99% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.13% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.253 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.377 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.253 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$11.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $10.87 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$11.99 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$13.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.26 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.35 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$10.74 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $5.474 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $4.227 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$826 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.194 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$549 million (2016 est.) ++ -$920 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.381 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.256 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.556 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.381 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, textiles and apparel, gold, ethanol, chemicals, electricity, iron and steel manufactures" @@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ "text": "US 47.1%, Honduras 13.9%, Guatemala 13.6%, Nicaragua 6.6%, Costa Rica 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.321 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.463 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.444 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.321 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity" @@ -705,16 +705,16 @@ "text": "US 39.4%, Guatemala 9.6%, China 8.1%, Mexico 7.4%, Honduras 5.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.787 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.693 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.201 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.787 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$14.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.56 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$10.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $9.392 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.56 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$951.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $854.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$811.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $951.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { "note": { @@ -723,20 +723,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "94%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "86% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "6.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 69ba114b..395f6106 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -451,55 +451,55 @@ "text": "Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. Strong performances in construction and manufacturing, together with the development of tourism and higher education - especially in medicine - contributed to growth in national output; however, economic growth remained stagnant in 2010-14, after a sizable contraction in 2009, because of the global economic slowdown's effects on tourism and remittances. Gross national saving – and wealth – has been declining since 2010. ++ ++ Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Emily (2005) severely damaged the agricultural sector - particularly nutmeg and cocoa cultivation - which had been a key driver of economic growth. Grenada has rebounded from the devastating effects of the hurricanes but is now saddled with the debt burden from the rebuilding process. Public debt-to-GDP is about 110%, leaving the MITCHELL administration limited room to engage in public investments and social spending. MITCHELL in 2013 announced a structural adjustment program that includes a plan to increase tax revenue." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.401 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.34 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.268 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.511 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.467 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.381 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$954 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.028 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5.7% (2014 est.) ++ 2.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$13,100 (2015 est.) ++ $12,600 (2014 est.) ++ $12,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$14,100 (2016 est.) ++ $13,700 (2015 est.) ++ $13,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -3.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 2.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82%" + "text": "80.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15.3%" + "text": "15.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "17.4%" + "text": "17%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "23.9%" + "text": "23.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-38.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-36.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "9.4%" + "text": "9.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "76.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "76.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ "text": "food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "59,900 (2013 est.)" @@ -541,17 +541,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$254.3 million" + "text": "$274.6 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$291.4 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$308.9 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "110% of GDP (2012 est.)" @@ -560,31 +560,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ -1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2009) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.96% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.19% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.96% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$201.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $172.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$209.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $201.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$773.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $747.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$797 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $786.1 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$567.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $623.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$575.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $567.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$144 million (2015 est.) ++ -$142 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$130 million (2016 est.) ++ -$157 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$43.8 million (2015 est.) ++ $42.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $43.8 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace" @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ "text": "Nigeria 44.7%, St. Lucia 10.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.3%, St. Kitts and Nevis 6.6%, Dominica 6.6%, US 5.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$310.4 million (2015 est.) ++ $306.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$313.7 million (2016 est.) ++ $310.4 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel" @@ -605,24 +605,10 @@ "text": "$679 million (2013 est.) ++ $538 million (2010 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "11,121" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -718,11 +704,11 @@ "text": "interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago a (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen private radio stations also broadcast (2007)" + "text": "the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen private radio (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gd" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 42b21925..fa348bff 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "12.6% (2015)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "3% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -537,44 +537,44 @@ "text": "Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly half the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13.6% of GDP and 31% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include sugar, coffee, bananas, and vegetables. Guatemala is the top remittance recipient in Central America as a result of Guatemala's large expatriate community in the US. These inflows are a primary source of foreign income, equivalent to over one-half of the country's exports or one-tenth of its GDP. ++ ++ The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and since then Guatemala has pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006, spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers, and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment. ++ ++ The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line, and 23% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up more than 40% of the population, averages 79%, with 39.8% of the indigenous population living in extreme poverty. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world. ++ ++ Guatemala is facing growing fiscal pressures exacerbated by multiple corruption scandals in 2015 that led to the resignation of the president, vice president, and numerous high-level economic officials." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$125.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $121 billion (2014 est.) ++ $116.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$132.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $127.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $122.8 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$63.91 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$68.39 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,700 (2015 est.) ++ $7,600 (2014 est.) ++ $7,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$7,900 (2016 est.) ++ $7,900 (2015 est.) ++ $7,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 13.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "85%" + "text": "84.4%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "10.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "13.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.3%" + "text": "21.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-30% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -582,10 +582,10 @@ "text": "13.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "23.6%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "63.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -595,10 +595,10 @@ "text": "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.528 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.623 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -630,50 +630,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$6.909 billion" + "text": "$7.39 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$7.824 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.186 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "10.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "10.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "28.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "27.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.23% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13.77% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.23% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$10.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $9.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$23.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $21.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $23.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$28.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$32.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$315 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.23 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$323 million (2016 est.) ++ -$202 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.83 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.99 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.43 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.83 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "sugar, coffee, petroleum, apparel, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, manufacturing products, precious stones and metals, electricity" @@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ "text": "US 34.9%, El Salvador 8.4%, Honduras 7.3%, Nicaragua 5%, Canada 4.6%, Mexico 4.3%, Costa Rica 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$16.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $17.06 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.76 billion (2016 est.) ++ $16.38 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity, mineral products, chemical products, plastic materials and products" @@ -691,30 +691,16 @@ "text": "US 38.3%, China 13.4%, Mexico 11.8%, El Salvador 4.9% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.746 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.329 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.803 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.746 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$18.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.76 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.09 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar - ++ 7.6548 (2015 est.) ++ 7.7322 (2014 est.) ++ 7.7322 (2013 est.) ++ 7.83 (2012 est.) ++ 7.7854 (2011 est.)" + "text": "quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar - ++ 7.648 (2016 est.) ++ 7.6548 (2015 est.) ++ 7.6548 (2014 est.) ++ 7.7322 (2013 est.) ++ 7.83 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "78%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "85%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "72% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "10 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -807,10 +793,10 @@ "text": "fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala" }, "domestic": { - "text": "state-owned telecommunications company privatized in the late 1990s opened the way for competition; fixed-line teledensity roughly 10 per 100 persons; fixed-line investments are being concentrated on improving rural connectivity; mobile-cellular teledensity about 120 per 100 persons" + "text": "state-owned telecommunications company privatized in the late 1990s opened the way for competition; fixed-line teledensity roughly 10 per 100 persons; fixed-line investments are being concentrated on improving rural connectivity; mobile-cellular teledensi" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the SAM-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that, together, provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the SAM-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that, together, provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connecte (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 59ecbd54..67f2dbb2 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. President Michel MARTELLY resigned in February 2016 and was replaced by Interim President Jocelerme PRIVERT who will lead until new elections take place later in the year." + "text": "The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. In October 2016, Hurricane Matthew struck southwestern Haiti causing widespread and devastating destruction, with an estimated 2.1 million people affected. President Michel MARTELLY completed his term in February 2016 with no successor in place. The National Assembly elected Interim President Jocelerme PRIVERT to lead until new elections take place in 2017." } }, "Geography": { @@ -418,10 +418,10 @@ "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); election last held on 25 October 2015, but a runoff scheduled for 24 April 2016 was postponed; on 6 June 2016, the Provisional Electoral Council announced that it had accepted a recommendation by an independent commission, which had found that fraud had marred the October 2015 vote, to formally annul the results; a repeat of the first round of the presidential election scheduled to take place 9 October 2016, with a second round to be held on 8 January 2017, was canceled becaused of Hurricane Matthew; the proposed new first round election date 20 November 2016 is in doubt because hurricane damage continues to make many voting centers inaccessible" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); election last held 20 November 2016 (next to be held in October 2021); note - the previous election was last held on 25 October 2015, but a runoff scheduled for 24 April 2016 was postponed; on 6 June 2016, the Provisional Electoral Council announced that it had accepted a recommendation by an independent commission, which had found that fraud had marred the October 2015 vote, to formally annul the results; a repeat of the first round of the presidential election scheduled to take place 9 October 2016, with a second round to be held on 8 January 2017, was canceled becaused of Hurricane Matthew; the rescheduled election then took place on 20 November 2016" }, "election results": { - "text": "2010 election - Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%" + "text": "2016 election - Jovenel MOISE elected president; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.60%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.57%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11.04%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9.01%; other 0.75%; note - Jovenel MOISE will take office on 7 February 2017" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT] ++ Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE] ++ Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU] ++ Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL] ++ Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY] ++ December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT] ++ Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH) ++ Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY] ++ Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary Party of Haiti or MODELH-PRDH ++ Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME] ++ Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE] ++ For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL] ++ Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] ++ Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER] ++ Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE] ++ Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT] ++ Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE] ++ Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD] ++ Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT ++ Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN] ++ Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR] ++ Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION ++ Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC] ++ Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements) ++ Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY] ++ National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE] ++ New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU] ++ Patriotic Movement of the Democratic Opposition or MOPOD ++ Patriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE] ++ Peasant Platform or PP ++ Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY] ++ Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL] ++ Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU] ++ Platform Pitit Dessalines or PPD [Moise JEAN-CHARLES] ++ Pont ++ Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN] ++ PPG18 ++ Rally or RASAMBLE ++ Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT] ++ Respect or RESPE ++ Socialist Action Movement or MAS ++ Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE] ++ Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE] ++ Truth (Verite) ++ Union [Chavannes JEUNE] ++ Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH] ++ Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE] ++ Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA) ++ Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN] ++ Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]" + "text": "Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN] ++ Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT] ++ Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE] ++ Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU] ++ Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL] ++ Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY] ++ December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT] ++ Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH) ++ Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY] ++ Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary Party of Haiti or MODELH-PRDH ++ Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME] ++ Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE] ++ For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL] ++ Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] ++ Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER] ++ Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE] ++ Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT] ++ Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE] ++ Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD] ++ Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT ++ Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN] ++ Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR] ++ Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION ++ Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC] ++ Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements) ++ Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY] ++ National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE] ++ New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU] ++ Patriotic Movement of the Democratic Opposition or MOPOD ++ Patriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE] ++ Peasant Platform or PP ++ Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY] ++ Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL] ++ Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU] ++ Platform Pitit Dessalines or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE] ++ Pont ++ Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN] ++ PPG18 ++ Rally or RASAMBLE ++ Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT] ++ Respect or RESPE ++ Socialist Action Movement or MAS ++ Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE] ++ Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE] ++ Truth (Verite) ++ Union [Chavannes JEUNE] ++ Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH] ++ Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE] ++ Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA) ++ Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN] ++ Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR] ++ Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH ++ Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS] ++ Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS ++ General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS] ++ Grand-Anse Resistance Committee or KOREGA ++ Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE] ++ National Popular Assembly or APN ++ Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE] ++ Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP ++ Protestant Federation of Haiti ++ Roman Catholic Church" @@ -512,58 +512,58 @@ "text": "Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty, the earthquake further inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract. In 2011, GDP growth rose to 5.5% as the Haitian economy began recovering from the earthquake. However, growth slowed in 2015 to 2% as political uncertainty, drought conditions, and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth. ++ ++ Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, in 2015 equaling over one-fifth of GDP, and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment. ++ ++ US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) helped increase apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020, while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2015 reached $904 million and account for about 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP. ++ ++ Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure, including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to nearly $2 billion as of December 2015, the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection, it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$18.75 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.56 billion (2014 est.) ++ $18.06 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$19.36 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.07 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.85 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.618 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.259 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.8% (2014 est.) ++ 4.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,800 (2014 est.) ++ $1,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1,800 (2016 est.) ++ $1,800 (2015 est.) ++ $1,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 14.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "29.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 29.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "97.5%" + "text": "97.1%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "0%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "30.7%" + "text": "32%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-5.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "14.5%" + "text": "14.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42.7%" + "text": "-44%" }, "note": { - "text": "figure for household consumption also includes government consumption (2015 est.)" + "text": "figure for household consumption also includes government consumption (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "22.2%" + "text": "21.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "57.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ "text": "textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly using imported parts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4.594 million", @@ -614,17 +614,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.818 billion" + "text": "$1.563 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.059 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.819 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "26.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" @@ -633,28 +633,28 @@ "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (2016 est.) ++ 9% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.9% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.77% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.9% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.073 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.235 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$988.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.073 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$3.818 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.793 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.404 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.425 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.61 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.404 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$206 million (2015 est.) ++ -$551 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$35 million (2016 est.) ++ -$219 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.029 billion (2015 est.) ++ $960.9 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$933.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.029 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee" @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ "text": "US 85.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.445 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.666 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.149 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.445 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials" @@ -672,33 +672,19 @@ "text": "Dominican Republic 35.3%, US 24.5%, Netherlands Antilles 9.4%, China 9.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.919 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.968 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.936 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.919 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.969 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.937 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.022 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.969 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.269 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.384 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.269 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - ++ 50.71 (2015 est.) ++ 45.22 (2014 est.) ++ 45.22 (2013 est.) ++ 41.95 (2012 est.) ++ 40.52 (2011 est.)" + "text": "gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - ++ 63.16 (2016 est.) ++ 50.71 (2015 est.) ++ 50.71 (2014 est.) ++ 45.22 (2013 est.) ++ 41.95 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "7,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "38%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "72%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "15% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -798,7 +784,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "130 television stations throughout the country, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; 495 radio stations (of them, only 135 are licensed), including 1 government-owned; more than 250 private and community radio stations; over 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2015)" + "text": "130 television stations throughout the country, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; 495 radio stations (of them, only 135 are licensed), including 1 government-owned; more than 250 private and community radio stations; o (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ht" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 22bc4486..d2b6d422 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -543,55 +543,55 @@ "text": "Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing. ++ ++ Honduras’s economy depends heavily on US trade and remittances. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 15% of foreign direct investment is from US firms. ++ ++ The economy registered modest economic growth of 2.6%-4.0% from 2010 to 2015, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. In 2015, Honduras faced rising public debt but its economy has performed better than expected due to low oil prices and improved investor confidence. The IMF continues to monitor the three-year standby arrangement signed in December 2014, aimed at easing Honduras’s poor fiscal position." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$41.06 billion (2015 est.) ++ $39.62 billion (2014 est.) ++ $38.43 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$43.19 billion (2016 est.) ++ $41.68 billion (2015 est.) ++ $40.22 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$20.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$20.93 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.) ++ 2.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2016 est.) ++ 3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,900 (2015 est.) ++ $4,800 (2014 est.) ++ $4,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,300 (2016 est.) ++ $5,200 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "17.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 18.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "79.7%" + "text": "81.3%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "15.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.1%" + "text": "23.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.1%" + "text": "43.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-64% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-63.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "industry": { "text": "26.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "59.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -601,10 +601,10 @@ "text": "sugar, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.573 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.625 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)", + "text": "3.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.1% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "about one-third of the people are underemployed" } @@ -639,50 +639,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.992 billion" + "text": "$3.982 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.614 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.384 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "19% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "45.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 45% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "47.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 45.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.25% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "20.66% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 20.61% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "20.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 20.66% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.326 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.105 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.326 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$8.087 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.538 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.486 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.042 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$11.84 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.41 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.84 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.291 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.444 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.197 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.291 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$8.041 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.072 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.165 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.041 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee, apparel, coffee, shrimp, automobile wire harnesses, cigars, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, lumber" @@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ "text": "US 36%, Germany 8.7%, El Salvador 8.5%, Guatemala 6%, Nicaragua 5.6%, Netherlands 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$11.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.07 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.25 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "communications equipment, machinery and transport, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs" @@ -700,30 +700,16 @@ "text": "US 35.2%, China 13.6%, Guatemala 9.2%, Mexico 6.6%, El Salvador 5.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$3.755 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.458 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.846 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.755 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.649 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.331 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.042 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.649 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "lempiras (HNL) per US dollar - ++ 22.098 (2015 est.) ++ 21.137 (2014 est.) ++ 21.137 (2013 est.) ++ 19.64 (2012 est.) ++ 18.895 (2011 est.)" + "text": "lempiras (HNL) per US dollar - ++ 23.07 (2016 est.) ++ 22.098 (2015 est.) ++ 22.098 (2014 est.) ++ 21.137 (2013 est.) ++ 19.64 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "82%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "66% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "7.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -819,7 +805,7 @@ "text": "beginning in 2003, private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed lines in order to expand telephone coverage contributing to a small increase in fixed-line teledensity; mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 90 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2015)" + "text": "country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 50238a74..ed2205f3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ "text": "2.5% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -501,55 +501,55 @@ "text": "The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounts for more than 70% of GDP. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Remittances and tourism each account for 30% of GDP, while bauxite/alumina exports make up roughly 5% of GDP. The bauxite/alumina sector was most affected by the global downturn while the tourism industry and remittance flow remained resilient. ++ ++ Jamaica's economy faces many challenges to growth: high crime and corruption, large-scale unemployment and underemployment, and a debt-to-GDP ratio of about 130%. The attendant debt servicing cost consumes a large portion of the government's budget, limiting its ability to fund the critical infrastructure and social programs required to drive growth. Jamaica's economic growth rate in the recent past has been stagnant, averaging less than 1% per year for over 20 years. ++ ++ Jamaica's onerous public debt burden is largely the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy, most notably the financial sector. In early 2010, the Jamaican Government initiated the Jamaica Debt Exchange to retire high-priced domestic bonds and reduce annual debt servicing. Despite these efforts, debt continued to be a serious concern, forcing the government to negotiate and sign a new IMF agreement in May 2013 to gain access to approximately $1 billion in additional funds. As a precursor, the government instigated a second National Debt Exchange in 2012. The IMF deal requires the government to reform its tax system, eliminate discretionary tax exemptions and waivers, and achieve an annual surplus of 7.5%, excluding debt payments, to reduce its debt below 100% of GDP by 2020. The SIMPSON-MILLER administration now faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline to maintain debt payments while simultaneously attacking a serious crime problem that is hampering economic growth. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence, which is fueled by the drug trade." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$24.65 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.38 billion (2014 est.) ++ $24.25 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$25.39 billion (2016 est.) ++ $25.01 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.78 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.92 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$13.78 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.) ++ 0.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,800 (2015 est.) ++ $8,700 (2014 est.) ++ $8,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$9,000 (2016 est.) ++ $8,900 (2015 est.) ++ $8,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "84.8%" + "text": "84.5%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "14.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.1%" + "text": "22.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.4%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "32.9%" + "text": "33.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-55% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-56.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6.6%" + "text": "6.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "21.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "72.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "72% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -559,10 +559,10 @@ "text": "tourism, bauxite/alumina, agricultural-processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.309 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.312 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "14% (2015 est.) ++ 14.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "13.8% (2016 est.) ++ 14% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.5% (2009 est.)" @@ -594,50 +594,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.899 billion" + "text": "$3.885 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.941 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.033 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "28.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "126.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 129.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "130.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 126.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 8.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "16.98% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17.22% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "16.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 16.98% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.542 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.156 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.567 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.542 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$7.847 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.519 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.241 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.182 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$6.881 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.078 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.995 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.881 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$6.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $7.223 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $6.626 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$598 million (2015 est.) ++ -$980 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$456 million (2016 est.) ++ -$484 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.261 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.449 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.278 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.261 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, apparel, mineral fuels" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "US 24.4%, Canada 16.5%, Russia 9.3%, Netherlands 8.9%, Iceland 7.2%, UK 6.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.414 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.208 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.772 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.414 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials" @@ -655,30 +655,16 @@ "text": "US 32.6%, Venezuela 12.4%, China 12%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.914 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.473 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.914 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$16.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.25 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar - ++ 116.898 (2015 est.) ++ 110.935 (2014 est.) ++ 110.935 (2013 est.) ++ 88.75 (2012 est.) ++ 85.893 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar - ++ 125.2 (2016 est.) ++ 116.898 (2015 est.) ++ 116.898 (2014 est.) ++ 110.935 (2013 est.) ++ 88.75 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "93%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "87% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3.9 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -771,10 +757,10 @@ "text": "fully automatic domestic telephone network" }, "domestic": { - "text": "the 1999 agreement to open the market for telecommunications services resulted in rapid growth in mobile-cellular telephone usage while the number of fixed lines in use has declined; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity exceeds 110 per 100 persons" + "text": "the 1999 agreement to open the market for telecommunications services resulted in rapid growth in mobile-cellular telephone usage while the number of fixed lines in use has declined; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity exceeds 110 per 100" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-876; the Fibralink submarine cable network provides enhanced delivery of business and broadband traffic and is linked to the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) submarine cable in the Dominican Republic; the link to ARCOS-1 provides seamless connectivity to US, parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; the ALBA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable links Jamaica, Cuba, and Venezuela; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-876; the Fibralink submarine cable network provides enhanced delivery of business and broadband traffic and is linked to the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) submarine cable in the Dominican Republic; the link to ARCOS-1 pr (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 135a1e29..3dd44716 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -380,22 +380,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "87.9%" + "text": "88.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "52.5%" + "text": "50.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.6%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "23.5%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-84.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-79% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -403,10 +403,10 @@ "text": "1.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.7%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "76.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "76.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ "text": "tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,521 (2012)" @@ -440,23 +440,23 @@ "text": "$37.04 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$37.04 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$37.04 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ -1.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "10.99% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.82% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.02% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.82% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$17.64 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.69 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.91 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.64 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$97.44 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $88.59 million (31 December 2014 est.)" @@ -465,13 +465,13 @@ "text": "$5.185 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.185 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3 million (2015 est.) ++ $3.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.4 million (2016 est.) ++ $3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "electronic components, plastic bags, apparel; hot peppers, limes, live plants; cattle" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$30.76 million (2015 est.) ++ $30 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.75 million (2016 est.) ++ $30.76 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants" @@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ "text": "$8.9 million (1997)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station; repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV available (2007)" + "text": "Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station; repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV ava (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ms" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 265ea498..6fdefb1c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -529,55 +529,55 @@ "text": "Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the Western Hemisphere, has widespread underemployment and poverty. Textiles and agriculture combined account for nearly 50% of Nicaragua's exports. ++ ++ The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) has been in effect since April 2006 and has expanded export opportunities for many Nicaraguan agricultural and manufactured goods. ++ ++ In 2013, the government granted a 50-year concession to a newly formed Chinese-run company to finance and build an inter-oceanic canal and related projects, at an estimated cost of $50 billion. The canal construction has not started." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$31.33 billion (2015 est.) ++ $29.98 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.64 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$33.49 billion (2016 est.) ++ $32.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $30.54 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.22 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$13.41 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.7% (2014 est.) ++ 4.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,000 (2015 est.) ++ $4,800 (2014 est.) ++ $4,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,300 (2016 est.) ++ $5,100 (2015 est.) ++ $4,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "29% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "78.9%" + "text": "79.4%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "7.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "30.3%" + "text": "32.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.5%" + "text": "36.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-55.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-54.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "17%" + "text": "16.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "24.2%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "58.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,10 +587,10 @@ "text": "food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.98 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.013 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)", + "text": "6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.1% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "underemployment was 46.5% in 2008" } @@ -625,53 +625,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.382 billion" + "text": "$3.454 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.523 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.738 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "45.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 49.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "46.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 45.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "official data; data cover general Government Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP" + "text": "official data; data cover general Government Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmen" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.05% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13.54% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.05% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.093 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $943.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.228 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.093 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$4.453 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $4.136 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.677 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.146 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.732 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.677 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.079 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$838 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.077 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.045 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.341 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.622 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.108 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.341 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "coffee, beef, gold, sugar, peanuts, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, cigars, automobile wiring harnesses, textiles, apparel, cotton" @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ "text": "US 56.5%, Mexico 10.7%, Venezuela 5.4%, El Salvador 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.083 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.024 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.039 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.083 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products" @@ -689,30 +689,16 @@ "text": "US 19.9%, Mexico 14.9%, China 10.6%, Venezuela 7%, Costa Rica 7%, El Salvador 5.7%, Guatemala 5.6%, Netherlands Antilles 5.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.492 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.276 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.442 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.492 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$10.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "cordobas (NIO) per US dollar - ++ 27.257 (2015 est.) ++ 25.959 (2014 est.) ++ 26.01 (2013 est.) ++ 23.55 (2012 est.) ++ 22.424 (2011 est.)" + "text": "cordobas (NIO) per US dollar - ++ 28.68 (2016 est.) ++ 27.257 (2015 est.) ++ 27.257 (2014 est.) ++ 26.01 (2013 est.) ++ 23.55 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "78%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "43% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.438 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -808,7 +794,7 @@ "text": "since privatization, access to fixed-line and mobile-cellular services has improved; fixed-line teledensity roughly 6 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased to over 120 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 505; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 505; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) a (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index a212ee81..f25906ad 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -531,55 +531,55 @@ "text": "Panama's dollar-based economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, logistics, banking, the Colon Free Trade Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism. Panama's transportation and logistics services sectors, along with infrastructure development projects, have boosted economic growth; however, public debt surpassed $32 billion in 2015 because of excessive government spending and public works projects. The US-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement was approved by Congress and signed into law in October 2011, and entered into force in October 2012. ++ ++ Growth will be bolstered by the Panama Canal expansion project that began in 2007 and is estimated to be completed by 2016 at a cost of $5.3 billion - about 10-15% of current GDP. The expansion project will more than double the Canal's capacity, enabling it to accommodate ships that are too large to traverse the existing canal. The US and China are the top users of the Canal. In 2014, Panama completed a metro system in Panama City, valued at $1.2 billion. ++ ++ Strong economic performance has not translated into broadly shared prosperity, as Panama has the second worst income distribution in Latin America. About one-fourth of the population lives in poverty; however, from 2006 to 2012 poverty was reduced by 10 percentage points." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$87.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $82.43 billion (2014 est.) ++ $77.73 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$93.12 billion (2016 est.) ++ $88.52 billion (2015 est.) ++ $83.69 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$52.13 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$55.23 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.) ++ 6.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.2% (2016 est.) ++ 5.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$21,800 (2015 est.) ++ $21,000 (2014 est.) ++ $20,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$22,800 (2016 est.) ++ $22,100 (2015 est.) ++ $21,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "41.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 40.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 35.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "41.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 41% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "50.2%" + "text": "49.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "9.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "43.8%" + "text": "43.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "3.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "52.9%" + "text": "52%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-59.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-58.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "2.8%" + "text": "2.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "14.4%" + "text": "14.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "77.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "83% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -589,12 +589,12 @@ "text": "construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.587 million", + "text": "1.611 million", "note": { - "text": "shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2015 est.)" + "text": "shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "26% (2012 est.)" @@ -627,47 +627,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$10.66 billion" + "text": "$11.7 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$11.88 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$12.41 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "38.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "39.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 38.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.46% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.83% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.46% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$8.215 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.317 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.845 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.215 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$36.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.65 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $36.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$42.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $38.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$46.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$12.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $10.68 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $8.348 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$3.377 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$4.794 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$3.029 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$3.377 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$15.92 billion (2015 est.) ++ $17.22 billion (2014 est.)", + "text": "$15.19 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.92 billion (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "includes the Colon Free Zone" } @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ "text": "US 19.7%, Germany 13.2%, Costa Rica 7.7%, China 5.9%, Netherlands 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$22.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $25.7 billion (2014 est.)", + "text": "$22.08 billion (2016 est.) ++ $22.48 billion (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "includes the Colon Free Zone" } @@ -691,36 +691,22 @@ "text": "US 25.9%, China 9.6%, Mexico 5.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$3.378 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.032 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.878 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.378 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$21.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $21.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$45.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $39.52 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$49.79 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $45.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$9.755 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.506 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.755 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "balboas (PAB) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 1 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.) ++ 1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "balboas (PAB) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2016 est.) ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 1 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "94%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "9 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -816,7 +802,7 @@ "text": "mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased rapidly" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 507; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), the MAYA-1, and PAN-AM submarine cable systems that together provide links to the US and parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System (2015)" + "text": "country code - 507; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), the MAYA-1, and PAN-AM submarine cable systems that together provide links to the US and parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { @@ -925,7 +911,7 @@ "text": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 2,525, cargo 1,115, carrier 27, chemical tanker 588, combination ore/oil 1, container 742, liquefied gas 205, passenger 42, passenger/cargo 51, petroleum tanker 545, refrigerated cargo 191, roll on/roll off 87, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 290" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "5,157 (Albania 4, Argentina 5, Australia 4, Bahamas 6, Bangladesh 5, Belgium 1, Bermuda 27, Brazil 3, Bulgaria 6, Burma 3, Canada 6, Chile 14, China 534, Colombia 2, Croatia 2, Cuba 2, Cyprus 5, Denmark 41, Ecuador 3, Egypt 11, Finland 2, France 7, Gabon 1, Germany 24, Gibraltar 1, Greece 379, Hong Kong 144, India 24, Indonesia 10, Iran 5, Ireland 1, Israel 1, Italy 25, Japan 2372, Jordan 11, Kuwait 12, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 3, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 12, Maldives 2, Malta 2, Mexico 5, Monaco 11, Netherlands 6, Nigeria 6, Norway 81, Oman 10, Pakistan 3, Peru 9, Philippines 5, Portugal 10, Qatar 1, Romania 3, Russia 49, Saudi Arabia 11, Singapore 92, South Korea 373, Spain 30, Sweden 2, Switzerland 15, Syria 34, Taiwan 328, Tanzania 2, Thailand 6, Turkey 62, UAE 83, UK 37, Ukraine 8, US 90, Venezuela 13, Vietnam 43, Yemen 4)" + "text": "5,157 (Albania 4, Argentina 5, Australia 4, Bahamas 6, Bangladesh 5, Belgium 1, Bermuda 27, Brazil 3, Bulgaria 6, Burma 3, Canada 6, Chile 14, China 534, Colombia 2, Croatia 2, Cuba 2, Cyprus 5, Denmark 41, Ecuador 3, Egypt 11, Finland 2, France 7, Gabon 1, Ger" }, "registered in other countries": { "text": "1 (Honduras 1) (2010)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index 396c74e9..d4a9cc27 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -290,23 +290,7 @@ "text": "crude petroleum, food, manufactured items" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "3,194" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 89f75f37..a28264c5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -432,41 +432,41 @@ "text": "Puerto Rico had one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region until 2006; however, growth has been negative for each of the last nine years. The downturn coincided with the phaseout of tax preferences that had led US firms to invest heavily in the Commonwealth since the 1950s, and a steep rise in the price of oil, which generates most of the island's electricity. ++ ++ Diminished job opportunities prompted a sharp rise in outmigration, as many Puerto Ricans sought jobs on the US mainland. Unemployment reached 16% in 2011, but declined to 13.7% in December 2014. US minimum wage laws apply in Puerto Rico, hampering job expansion. Per capita income is about half that of the US mainland. ++ ++ The industrial sector greatly exceeds agriculture as the locus of economic activity and income. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income with estimated arrivals of more than 3.6 million tourists in 2008. Puerto Rico's merchandise trade surplus is exceptionally strong, with exports nearly 50% greater than imports, and its current account surplus about 10% of GDP. ++ ++ Closing the budget deficit while restoring economic growth and employment remain the central concerns of the government. The gap between revenues and expenditures narrowed to 0.2% of GDP in 2014, although analysts believe that not all expenditures have been accounted for in the budget and a better accounting of costs would yield an overall deficit of roughly 5% of GDP in 2014. Public debt rose to 105% of GDP in 2015, about $17,000 per person, or nearly three times the per capita debt of the State of Connecticut, the highest in the US. Much of that debt was issued by state-run schools and public corporations, including water and electric utilities. In June 2015, Governor Alejandro GARCIA Padilla announced that the island could not pay back at least $73 billion in debt and that it would seek a deal with its creditors." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$131.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $133.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $133.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$131 billion (2016 est.) ++ $133.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $133.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$101.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$100.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-1.3% (2015 est.) ++ -0.1% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0% (2015 est.) ++ -1.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$38,000 (2015 est.) ++ $37,800 (2014 est.) ++ $37,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37,700 (2016 est.) ++ $38,400 (2015 est.) ++ $37,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2010 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "90.4%" + "text": "89.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.4%" + "text": "13.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "12.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "114.3%" + "text": "116%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-131.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-131.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ "text": "50.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "49.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ "text": "pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "1.139 million (December 2014 est)" @@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ "text": "19%" }, "services": { - "text": "79% (2005)" + "text": "79% (2005 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -519,41 +519,41 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$8.908 billion" + "text": "$9.086 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$9.402 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$9.684 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "96.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 97.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "92.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 96.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 0.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.) ++ -0.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$71.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $68 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$70.41 billion (2016 est.) ++ $71.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$49.71 billion (2015 est.) ++ $48.88 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$47.61 billion (2016 est.) ++ $49.71 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products" @@ -566,20 +566,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "357,805" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "20 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 03f6695b..d917ee14 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -424,55 +424,55 @@ "text": "The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s, tourism has replaced sugar as the economy’s traditional mainstay. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in 2009-2013, and the economy returned to growth only in 2014. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, St. Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand. ++ ++ Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. The government has made notable progress in reducing its public debt, from 154% of GDP in 2011 to 83% in 2013, although it still faces one of the highest levels in the world, largely attributable to public enterprise losses." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.379 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.294 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.22 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.427 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.378 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.313 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$896 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$955 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.6% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.) ++ 6.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$24,600 (2015 est.) ++ $23,500 (2014 est.) ++ $22,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$25,500 (2016 est.) ++ $24,600 (2015 est.) ++ $23,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "59.4%" + "text": "58.7%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "29.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "34.8%" + "text": "34%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-44.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "1.4%" + "text": "1.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.5%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "72.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "71.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ "text": "tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "18,170 (June 1995 est.)" @@ -506,14 +506,14 @@ "text": "$370.4 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$296.3 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$333.3 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "41.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "8.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "83% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 144% of GDP (2012 est.)" @@ -522,31 +522,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-2.3% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-1.1% (2016 est.) ++ -2.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2009) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2008)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.28% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$231.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $215.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$250.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $231.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$964.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.094 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.222 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.121 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$740.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $691.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$777.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $740.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$598.4 million (31 December 2011) ++ $598.4 million (31 December 2011) ++ $623.9 million (31 December 2010)" + "text": "$598.4 million (31 December 2011) ++ $598.4 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $623.9 million (31 December 2010)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$117 million (2015 est.) ++ -$65 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$164 million (2016 est.) ++ -$112 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$61.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $62.9 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$60.7 million (2016 est.) ++ $61.3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco" @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "text": "US 44.4%, Poland 14.6%, Bangladesh 10.1%, Azerbaijan 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$240.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $241.8 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$244.5 million (2016 est.) ++ $240.3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, manufactures, food, fuels" @@ -564,27 +564,13 @@ "text": "US 37.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 22.7%, Barbados 4.4% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$168.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $157.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$187.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $168.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,232" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -684,7 +670,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)" + "text": "the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned br (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".kn" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sk.json index 7114ee3c..263123c3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sk.json @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ "text": "sugar" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar - ++ 1.79 (2014) ++ 1.79 (2013) ++ 1.79 (2013) ++ 1.79 (2012) ++ 1.79 (2011)" + "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar - ++ 1.79 (2014 est.) ++ 1.79 (2013) ++ 1.79 (2012) ++ 1.79 (2011)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ "text": "extensive interisland microwave radio relay links" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-721; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the Americas-2 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + "text": "country code - 1-721; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the Americas-2 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atla (2010)" } }, "Internet country code": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 9f93ad3f..f8b1cba0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ "text": "2.8% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2015)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -460,44 +460,44 @@ "text": "The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition. ++ ++ Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the ANTHONY administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks. ++ ++ St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.03 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.998 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.989 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.083 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.052 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.004 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.416 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.439 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.) ++ 0.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,700 (2015 est.) ++ $11,600 (2014 est.) ++ $11,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$12,000 (2016 est.) ++ $11,900 (2015 est.) ++ $11,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "71.8%" + "text": "69.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "18.3%" + "text": "18.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "40.2%" + "text": "39%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-45.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -505,10 +505,10 @@ "text": "2.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "13.8%" + "text": "14.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "83.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "83% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ "text": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "79,700 (2012 est.)" @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" + "text": "12.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" @@ -569,28 +569,28 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.) ++ -1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.86% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.86% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$284.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $277.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$287.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $284.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.104 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.057 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.165 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.131 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.399 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.519 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.431 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.399 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$106 million (2015 est.) ++ -$94 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$96 million (2016 est.) ++ -$53 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$207 million (2015 est.) ++ $203.3 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$205.2 million (2016 est.) ++ $207 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, avocados, mangoes, coconut oil (2010 est.)" @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ "text": "Dominican Republic 25.1%, US 15.9%, Suriname 9.1%, Antigua and Barbuda 7%, Dominica 6.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 6.3%, Barbados 6.1%, UK 4.8%, Grenada 4.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$540.6 million (2015 est.) ++ $558.8 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$532 million (2016 est.) ++ $540.6 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels" @@ -608,27 +608,13 @@ "text": "Brazil 34.9%, US 25.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.4%, Colombia 10.9% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$517 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $527.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$523.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $517 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012) ++ 2.7 (2011)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "16,446" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "400 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -724,7 +710,7 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity is 20 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 115 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber System and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber System and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 34dfb3d9..bff64ac5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "text": "The economy of Saint Barthelemy is based upon high-end tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, serving visitors primarily from North America. The luxury hotels and villas host 70,000 visitors each year with another 130,000 arriving by boat. The relative isolation and high cost of living inhibits mass tourism. The construction and public sectors also enjoy significant investment in support of tourism. With limited fresh water resources, all food must be imported, as must all energy resources and most manufactured goods. Employment is strong and attracts labor from Brazil and Portugal." }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7489 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 7f5ff9a6..b8357e18 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -501,44 +501,44 @@ "text": "Trinidad and Tobago attracts considerable foreign direct investment from international businesses, particularly in energy, and has one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8% per year, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then, contracting during 2009-2012, making small gains in 2013 and contracting again in 2014-2015. ++ ++ Energy production and downstream industrial use dominate the economy. Trinidad and Tobago produces about nine times more natural gas than crude oil on an energy equivalent basis with gas contributing about two-thirds of energy sector government revenue. Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports but less than 5% of employment. In 2013, Trinidad and Tobago was the world’s sixth-largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter and is home to one of the largest natural gas liquefaction facilities in the Western Hemisphere. The United States is the country’s largest trading partner, accounting for 33% of its total imports and taking 44% of its exports. ++ ++ Trinidad and Tobago is buffered by considerable foreign reserves and a sovereign wealth fund that equals about one-and-a-half times the national budget, but the country is in a recession and the government faces the dual challenge of gas shortages and a low price environment. A projected 70% decrease in energy revenue to the government in 2016 will likely force cuts to the government budget, which has increased by 35% over the past six years. ++ ++ Economic diversification is a longstanding government talking point, and Trinidad and Tobago has much potential due to its stable, democratic government and its educated, English speaking workforce. Although Trinidad and Tobago enjoys cheap electricity from natural gas, the renewable energy sector has recently garnered increased interest. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. Unfortunately, a host of other factors, including low labor productivity, inefficient government bureaucracy, and corruption, have hampered economic development." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$45.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $45.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $45.56 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$43.57 billion (2016 est.) ++ $44.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $45.78 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$25.43 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$22.81 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.2% (2015 est.) ++ -1% (2014 est.) ++ 2.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-2.8% (2016 est.) ++ -2.1% (2015 est.) ++ -1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$30,900 (2015 est.) ++ $31,500 (2014 est.) ++ $31,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$31,900 (2016 est.) ++ $33,000 (2015 est.) ++ $33,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "60.2%" + "text": "59.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13%" + "text": "17.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.8%" + "text": "11.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "0.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "44.4%" + "text": "47.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-31.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-37.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -546,10 +546,10 @@ "text": "0.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "37.7%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "85.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -559,10 +559,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "649,100 (2015 est.)" + "text": "629,700 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17% (2007 est.)" @@ -594,50 +594,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$8.731 billion" + "text": "$7.311 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$9.758 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.369 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "32.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "-9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "67.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "51.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 49.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.7% (2015 est.) ++ 5.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.75% (04 March 2016 est.) ++ 6.75% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.9% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.2% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$7.422 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.907 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.805 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.241 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$13.51 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $11.94 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$16.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.76 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$7.432 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.93 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$8.662 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.217 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$177.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $171.6 million (31 December 2014) ++ $170 million (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$177.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $171.6 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $170 million (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$166 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.822 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.975 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.329 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.81 billion (2014 est.) ++ $12.77 billion (2013 est.)" + "text": "$7.264 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.166 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, cocoa, fish, preserved fruits, , cosmetics, household cleaners, plastic packaging" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "US 26.3%, Argentina 12%, Brazil 6.6%, Chile 5.3%, Dominican Republic 5.2%, Barbados 5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.386 billion (2014 est.) ++ $8.871 billion (2013 est.)" + "text": "$7.398 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals" @@ -655,10 +655,10 @@ "text": "US 35.6%, China 6.8%, Gabon 6.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$13.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.33 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.394 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.38 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.115 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.072 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$7.917 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.826 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$382.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $311.7 million (2014 est.)" @@ -667,29 +667,15 @@ "text": "$1.266 billion (2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar - ++ 6.57 (2016 est.) ++ 6.4 (2015 est.) ++ 6.4041 (2014 est.) ++ 6.4041 (2013 est.) ++ 6.39 (2012 est.)" + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar - ++ 6.709 (2016 est.) ++ 6.3756 (2015 est.) ++ 6.4041 (2014 est.) ++ 6.4041 (2013 est.) ++ 6.39 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "12,452" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.8%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { - "text": "9.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + "text": "9.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - consumption": { - "text": "9.1 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + "text": "9.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - exports": { "text": "0 kWh (2015 est.)" @@ -713,28 +699,28 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - production": { - "text": "78,630 bbl/day (2014 est.)" + "text": "78,630 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - exports": { - "text": "30,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)" + "text": "30,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Crude oil - imports": { "text": "78,340 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { - "text": "700 million bbl (1 January 2015 es)" + "text": "700 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)" }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { - "text": "139,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)" + "text": "139,200 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { - "text": "56,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)" + "text": "56,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { - "text": "113,800 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + "text": "113,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { - "text": "31,630 bbl/day (2015 est.)" + "text": "31,630 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "41.59 billion cu m (2014 est.)" @@ -749,10 +735,10 @@ "text": "0 cu m (2015 est.)" }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { - "text": "325.7 billion cu m (1 January 2014 es)" + "text": "325.7 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)" }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { - "text": "48 million Mt (2012 est.)" + "text": "48 million Mt (2013 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index d4a866ea..a2d79a5b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -381,22 +381,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "45.2%" + "text": "49.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.9%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27.3%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "55.3%" + "text": "47.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-48.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-44% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -404,10 +404,10 @@ "text": "0.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "9.8%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "89.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "89.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ "text": "tourism, offshore financial services" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,848 (1990 est.)" @@ -443,17 +443,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$218.6 million" + "text": "$225.6 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$183.5 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$187.2 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$24.77 million (2008 est.)" @@ -475,20 +475,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,143" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "92%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "200 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -568,7 +554,7 @@ "text": "full range of services available; GSM wireless service available" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index b285026a..ca8f3f57 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -443,32 +443,32 @@ "text": "Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity as well as remittances. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism, but persistent high unemployment has prompted many to leave the islands. Saint Vincent is home to a small offshore banking sector and has moved to adopt international regulatory standards. ++ ++ This lower-middle-income country is vulnerable to natural disasters - tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in 1994, 1995, and 2002. Floods and mudslides caused by unseasonable rainfall in 2013, caused substantial damage to infrastructure, homes, and crops, which the World Bank estimated at US$112 million. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 67% of GDP - one of the lowest levels in the Eastern Caribbean - at the end of 2013. ++ ++ In 2013, the islands had more than 200,000 tourist arrivals, mostly to the Grenadines. Arrivals represented a marginal increase from 2012 but remain 26% below St. Vincent's 2009 peak. Weak recovery in the tourism and construction sectors limited growth in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.205 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.186 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.189 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.241 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.219 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.212 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$757 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$766 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 2.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,000 (2015 est.) ++ $10,800 (2014 est.) ++ $10,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,300 (2016 est.) ++ $11,100 (2015 est.) ++ $11,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-4.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -7.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -6.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ -2.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -4.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "89.5%" + "text": "89.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.8%" + "text": "19%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "20.9%" @@ -477,10 +477,10 @@ "text": "-0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-49.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ "text": "17.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "75% (2015 est.)" + "text": "75% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ "text": "tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "57,520 (2007 est.)" @@ -536,14 +536,14 @@ "text": "$222.2 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$259.3 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$259.3 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "29% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "67% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 68% of GDP (2011 est.)" @@ -552,28 +552,28 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.7% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -1.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$162.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $157.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$167.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $162.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$547.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $521.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$574.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $546.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$439 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $422 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$447.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $439 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$188 million (2015 est.) ++ -$216 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$176 million (2016 est.) ++ -$194 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$49.8 million (2015 est.) ++ $48.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$50.5 million (2016 est.) ++ $49.8 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch; tennis racquets" @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 18.9%, St. Lucia 14.8%, Barbados 12.3%, Dominica 9.7%, Grenada 9.3%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.4%, Poland 7.1%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$320.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $313.6 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$327.1 million (2016 est.) ++ $320.7 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels" @@ -591,30 +591,16 @@ "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 29.3%, US 17.2%, Singapore 8.7%, China 8%, Barbados 6%, Poland 5.5%, Turkey 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$166 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $157.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$165 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $166 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$327 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $338.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$321.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $327 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7 (2011 est.)" + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - ++ 2.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7 (2014 est.) ++ 2.7 (2013 est.) ++ 2.7 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "25,587" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "76%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "32% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "100 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -710,11 +696,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is about 110 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 1-784; the East Caribbean Fiber System and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables carry international calls; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia (2015)" + "text": "country code - 1-784; the East Caribbean Fiber System and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables carry international calls; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Luc (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations (2007)" + "text": "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio servic (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".vc" @@ -784,7 +770,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 64, cargo 263, carrier 14, chemical tanker 4, container 18, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 15, specialized tanker 1" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "325 (Austria 1, Azerbaijan 1, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Bulgaria 9, China 65, Croatia 8, Cyprus 3, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 9, Dominica 1, Egypt 2, Estonia 8, France 2, Germany 3, Greece 42, Guyana 2, Hong Kong 5, Israel 3, Italy 4, Japan 3, Kenya 2, Latvia 15, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 9, Monaco 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 13, Poland 3, Romania 1, Russia 11, Singapore 5, Slovenia 1, Sweden 10, Switzerland 7, Syria 9, Turkey 13, UAE 3, UK 6, Ukraine 12, US 18, Venezuela 1) (2010)" + "text": "325 (Austria 1, Azerbaijan 1, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Bulgaria 9, China 65, Croatia 8, Cyprus 3, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 9, Dominica 1, Egypt 2, Estonia 8, France 2, Germany 3, Greece 42, Guyana 2, Hong Kong 5, Israel 3, Italy 4, Japan 3, Kenya (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 7cbe92da..5fbe69a3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -389,22 +389,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "60.3%" + "text": "68.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "8.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.3%" + "text": "25%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "97.4%" + "text": "91.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-90.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-94.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ "text": "11.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "87.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "87.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ "text": "tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore banking center" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "12,770 (2004)" @@ -460,32 +460,32 @@ "text": "$300 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$300 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$300 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$362.6 million (2011 est.) ++ $279.8 million (2010 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$23 million (2015 est.) ++ $25 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$23 million (2015 est.) ++ $23 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "rum, fresh fish, fruits, animals; gravel, sand" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$200 million (2015 est.) ++ $290 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$200 million (2015 est.) ++ $200 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 0170b4da..a73182c6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -512,20 +512,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "10,295" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "80% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "700 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index 7c738c66..f33d7c94 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to the Russian Empire in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Former Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV overwhelmingly won the presidential election in the summer of 2005. Over the next few years, he manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for the presidency. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won reelection in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual flight to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011, marking the first peaceful transfer of presidential power in independent Kyrgyzstan's history. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats." + "text": "A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to the Russian Empire in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Former Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV overwhelmingly won the presidential election in the summer of 2005. Over the next few years, he manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for the presidency. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won reelection in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual flight to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011, marking the first peaceful transfer of presidential power in independent Kyrgyzstan's history. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats. ++ Under the 2010 Constitution, ATAMBAEV is limited to one term, which will end in 2017. Constitutional amendments passed in a referendum in December 2016 include language that transfers some presidential powers to the prime minister. Disagreement over the constitutional amendments compelled ATAMBAEV’s ruling Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan to dissolve and create a new majority coalition in the Jogorku Kengesh that excluded opposition parties critical of the amendments." } }, "Geography": { @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "10,233 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, southeast in the Tien Shan mountains" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -166,6 +169,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, southeast in the Tien Shan mountains" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "35.7% of total population (2015)" @@ -275,7 +281,7 @@ "text": "2.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -373,7 +379,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1991)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1993; latest adopted 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010; note - the current constitution prohibits any change until 2020 (2016)" + "text": "previous 1993; latest adopted 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws" @@ -428,7 +434,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts" @@ -503,55 +509,55 @@ "text": "Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only cotton is exported in any quantity. Other exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and - in some years - electricity. The country has sought to attract foreign investment to expand its export base, including construction of hydroelectric dams, but a difficult investment climate and an ongoing legal battle with Canadian investors in the nation’s largest gold mine deter potential investors. Remittances from Kyrgyz migrant workers in Russia and Kazakhstan are equivalent to about a quarter of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP. ++ ++ Following independence, Kyrgyzstan rapidly carried out market reforms, such as improving the regulatory system and instituting land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. The government has privatized much of its ownership shares in public enterprises. Despite these reforms, the country suffered a severe drop in production in the early 1990s and has again faced slow growth in recent years as the global financial crisis and declining oil prices have damaged economies across Central Asia. ++ ++ Kyrgyz leaders hope the country’s August 2015 accession to the Eurasian Economic Union will bolster trade and investment, but slowing economies in Russia and China, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations continue to hamper economic growth. The keys to future growth include progress in fighting corruption, improving administrative transparency, restructuring domestic industry, and attracting foreign aid and investment." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$20.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.42 billion (2014 est.) ++ $18.75 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$21.01 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.55 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.87 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.65 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.794 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.) ++ 10.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,400 (2015 est.) ++ $3,300 (2014 est.) ++ $3,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,500 (2016 est.) ++ $3,400 (2015 est.) ++ $3,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "81.3%" + "text": "77.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.9%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "30.2%" + "text": "25.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "2.7%" + "text": "2.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "36.3%" + "text": "30.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-68.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-55% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "17.7%" + "text": "17.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "25.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "56.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "56.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -561,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.732 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.778 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -596,50 +602,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.987 billion" + "text": "$2.04 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.085 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.354 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "35.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "68.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "69.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 7.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (2016 est.) ++ 6.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "13.73% (22 December 2011) ++ 2.5% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "24.25% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 22.36% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "23.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 24.25% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$928.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.062 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.179 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $928.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.333 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.399 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$831.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.074 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$980.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $831.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$165 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $165 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $79 million (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$979 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.245 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$867 million (2016 est.) ++ -$692 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.61 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.794 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.453 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.61 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes" @@ -648,7 +654,7 @@ "text": "Switzerland 26%, Uzbekistan 22.6%, Kazakhstan 20.8%, UAE 4.9%, Turkey 4.5%, Afghanistan 4.5%, Russia 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.648 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.204 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.146 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.648 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -657,27 +663,22 @@ "text": "China 56.4%, Russia 17.1%, Kazakhstan 9.9% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.778 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.957 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.838 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.778 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.257 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.728 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$4.347 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.667 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.897 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.347 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$331.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $418.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$331.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $331.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "soms (KGS) per US dollar - ++ 64.462 (2015 est.) ++ 53.654 (2014 est.) ++ 53.654 (2013 est.) ++ 47.01 (2012 est.) ++ 46.144 (2011 est.)" + "text": "soms (KGS) per US dollar - ++ 69.08 (2016 est.) ++ 64.462 (2015 est.) ++ 64.462 (2014 est.) ++ 53.654 (2013 est.) ++ 47.01 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "14 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -773,7 +774,7 @@ "text": "fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership up to about 130 per 100 persons in 2015" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2015)" + "text": "country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsa (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { @@ -873,10 +874,10 @@ "text": "State Committee on Defense Affairs (GKDO): Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2015)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 1-year service obligation, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 1-year service obligation, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "NA% (2012) ++ 3.74% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "3.74% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 7442feab..a29b8267 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Ethnic Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated to the region by the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural \"Virgin Lands\" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-ethnic Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Non-Muslim ethnic minorities departed Kazakhstan in large numbers from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s and a national program has repatriated about a million ethnic Kazakhs back to Kazakhstan. These trends have allowed Kazakhs to become the titular majority again. This dramatic demographic shift has also undermined the previous religious diversity and made the country more than 70 percent Muslim. Kazakhstan's economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states largely due to the country's vast natural resources. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; managing Islamic revivalism; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; diversifying the economy outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; enhancing Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness; developing a multiparty parliament and advancing political and social reform; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers." + "text": "Ethnic Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated to the region by the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. Soviet policies reduced the number of ethnic Kazakhs in the 1930s and enabled non-ethnic Kazakhs to outnumber natives. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural \"Virgin Lands\" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) further skewed the ethnic mixture. Non-Muslim ethnic minorities departed Kazakhstan in large numbers from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s and a national program has repatriated about a million ethnic Kazakhs back to Kazakhstan. These trends have allowed Kazakhs to become the titular majority again. This dramatic demographic shift has also undermined the previous religious diversity and made the country more than 70% Muslim. Kazakhstan's economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states largely due to the country's vast natural resources. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity, expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets, diversifying the economy, enhancing Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness, and strengthening relations with neighboring states and foreign powers." } }, "Geography": { @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "20,660 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of the country" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty" }, @@ -166,6 +169,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of the country" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "53.2% of total population (2015)" @@ -361,7 +367,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty (Taldyqorghan), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Zhambyl (Taraz)", + "text": "14 provinces (oblyslar, singular - oblys) and 2 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty (Taldyqorghan), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Mangghystau (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Zhambyl (Taraz)", "note": { "text": "administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995, the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Baykonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baykonur, formerly Leninsk); in 2004, a new agreement extended the lease to 2050" } @@ -403,7 +409,7 @@ "text": "President Nursultan Abishuly NAZARBAYEV (chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 22 February 1990, elected president 1 December 1991)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Bakytzhan SAGINTAYEV (since 9 September 2016); Deputy Prime Minister Dariga NAZARBAYEVA (since 11 September 2015)" + "text": "Prime Minister Bakytzhan SAGINTAYEV (since 9 September 2016); First Deputy Prime Minister Askar MAMIN (since 13 September 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -506,55 +512,55 @@ "text": "Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries and has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing. ++ ++ Kazakhstan's vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy. Kazakhstan is landlocked and depends on Russia to export its oil to Europe. In 2010, Kazakhstan joined Russia and Belarus to establish a Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade. The Customs Union evolved into a Single Economic Space in 2012 and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) in January 2015. ++ ++ The economic downturn of its EEU partner, Russia, and the decline in global commodity prices have contributed to an economic slowdown in Kazakhstan, which is experiencing its slowest economic growth since the financial crises of 2008-09. Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, by 19% in February 2014, and in November 2014, the government announced a stimulus package to cope with its economic challenges. In spring 2015, Kazakhstan embarked on an ambitious reform agenda to modernize its economy and improve its institutions. In the face of further decline in the ruble, oil prices, and the regional economic slowdown, Kazakhstan announced in August 2015 that it would cancel its currency band in favor of a floating exchange rate that sparked further devaluation of the tenge. In 2015, Kazakhstan's president signed into law a new Entrepreneurial Code and a new Labor Code, both aimed at improving the business environment. Despite some positive institutional and legislative changes, investors remain concerned about corruption, bureaucracy, and arbitrary law enforcement, especially at the regional and municipal levels." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$429.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $424.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $406.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$460.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $464.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $458.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$173.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$128.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.) ++ 6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$24,300 (2015 est.) ++ $24,300 (2014 est.) ++ $23,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$25,700 (2016 est.) ++ $26,300 (2015 est.) ++ $26,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 27.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "54.3%" + "text": "53.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.3%" + "text": "13%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24%" + "text": "25.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "1.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.1%" + "text": "32.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-26.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-26.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5%" + "text": "5.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "32.5%" + "text": "33%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "61.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -564,10 +570,10 @@ "text": "oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.989 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "9.059 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -577,11 +583,11 @@ "text": "11.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.3% (2012 est.)" + "text": "62.3% (2012)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.7% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "5.3% (2011 est.)" @@ -599,50 +605,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$34.43 billion" + "text": "$23.35 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$37.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$27.25 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "24.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "14.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "16% (31 December 2015) ++ 5.5% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.56% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.24% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.56% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$8.933 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.933 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$52.89 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $56.49 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$50.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $78.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$60.94 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $50.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$23.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $60.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$34.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $26.23 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$4.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.994 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.785 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$4.436 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$46.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $80.24 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$35.28 billion (2016 est.) ++ $46.29 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal" @@ -651,7 +657,7 @@ "text": "China 15.1%, Russia 12.3%, France 9.2%, Germany 7.9%, Italy 6.7%, Greece 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$33.65 billion (2015 est.) ++ $43.55 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $33.65 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs" @@ -660,27 +666,22 @@ "text": "Russia 32.9%, China 25.9%, Germany 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$28.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $29.21 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$153.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $157.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$147.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $153.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$139.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $132.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$148.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $139.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$33.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $30.56 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$35.27 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $33.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar - ++ 221.73 (2015 est.) ++ 179.19 (2014 est.) ++ 179.19 (2013 est.) ++ 149.11 (2012 est.) ++ 146.62 (2011 est.)" + "text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar - ++ 348.5 (2016 est.) ++ 221.73 (2015 est.) ++ 221.73 (2014 est.) ++ 179.19 (2013 est.) ++ 149.11 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "99 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -776,11 +777,11 @@ "text": "intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is inadequate; mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 170 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2015)" + "text": "country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Int (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission facilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly all nationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government; some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized; households with satellite dishes have access to foreign media; a small number of commercial radio stations operate along with state-run radio stations; recent legislation requires all media outlets to register with the government and all TV providers to broadcast in digital format by 2018 (2015)" + "text": "state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission facilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly all nationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government; some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized; households (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".kz" @@ -908,7 +909,7 @@ "text": "Kazakhstan Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Mobile Forces, Air Defense Forces (2013)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 2 years, but Kazakhstan may be transitioning to a contract force; 19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; military cadets in intermediate (ages 15-17) and higher (ages 17-21) education institutes are classified as military service personnel (2012)" + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 2 years, but Kazakhstan is transitioning to a largely contract force; 19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; military cadets in intermediate (ages 15-17) and higher (ages 17-21) education institutes are classified as military service personnel (2016)" }, "Military expenditures": { "text": "1.21% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.97% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.21% of GDP (2010)" diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 58693bb8..3857d4e0 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "text": "26.2% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2012)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ "text": "President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Premier Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 8 May 2012); First Deputy Premier Igor Ivanovich SHUVALOV (since 12 May 2008); Deputy Premiers Arkadiy Vladimirovich DVORKOVICH (since 21 May 2012), Olga Yuryevna GOLODETS (since 21 May 2012), Aleksandr Gennadiyevich KHLOPONIN (since 19 January 2010), Dmitriy Nikolayevich KOZAK (since 14 October 2008), Dmitriy Olegovich ROGOZIN (since 23 December 2011), Sergey Eduardovich PRIKHODKO (since 22 May 2013), Yuriy Petrovich TRUTNEV (since 31 August 2013)" + "text": "Premier Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 8 May 2012); First Deputy Premier Igor Ivanovich SHUVALOV (since 12 May 2008); Deputy Premiers Arkadiy Vladimirovich DVORKOVICH (since 21 May 2012), Olga Yuryevna GOLODETS (since 21 May 2012), Aleksandr Gennadiyevich KHLOPONIN (since 19 January 2010), Dmitriy Nikolayevich KOZAK (since 14 October 2008), Vitaliy Leontyevich MUTKO (since 19 October 2016), Dmitriy Olegovich ROGOZIN (since 23 December 2011), Sergey Eduardovich PRIKHODKO (since 22 May 2013), Yuriy Petrovich TRUTNEV (since 31 August 2013)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "the \"Government\" is composed of the premier, his deputies, and ministers, all appointed by the president; the premier is also confirmed by the Duma" @@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ "text": "State Duma - last held on 18 September 2016 (next to be held in fall 2021)" }, "election results": { - "text": "State Duma - United Russia 54.2%, CPRF 13.3%, LDPR 13.1%, A Just Russia 6.2%, Rodina 1.5%, CPI 0.2%, other 11.5%; seats by party - United Russia 343, CPRF 42, LDPR 39, A Just Russia 23, Rodina 1, CPI 1, independent 1" + "text": "State Duma - United Russia 76.3%, CPRF 9.3%, LDPR 8.7%, A Just Russia 5.1%, Rodina 0.2%, CPI 0.2%, independent 0.2%; seats by party - United Russia 343, CPRF 42, LDPR 39, A Just Russia 23, Rodina 1, CPI 1, independent 1" }, "note": { "text": "the State Duma now includes 2 representatives each from the Republic of Crimea and Federal City of Sevastopol, two annexed Ukrainian regions that the US does not recognize as part of Russia" @@ -577,68 +577,68 @@ "text": "Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a centrally planned economy towards a more market-based system. Both economic growth and reform have stalled in recent years, however, and Russia remains a predominantly statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials' hands. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak, and the state continues to interfere in the free operation of the private sector. ++ ++ Russia is one of the world's leading producers of oil and natural gas, and is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia's reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. ++ ++ The economy, which had averaged 7% growth during 1998-2008 as oil prices rose rapidly, has seen diminishing growth rates since then due to the exhaustion of Russia’s commodity-based growth model. ++ ++ A combination of falling oil prices, international sanctions, and structural limitations pushed Russia into a deep recession in 2015, with the GDP falling by close to 4%. Most economists expect this downturn will continue through 2016. Government support for import substitution has increased recently in an effort to diversify the economy away from extractive industries. Although the Russian Ministry of Economic Development is forecasting a modest growth of 0.7% for 2016 as a whole, the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) is more pessimistic and expects the recovery to begin later in the year and a decline of 0.5% to 1.0% for the full year. Russia is heavily dependent on the movement of world commodity prices and the CBR estimates that if oil prices remain below $40 per barrel beyond 2016, the resulting shock would cause GDP to fall by up to 5%." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.718 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.862 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $3.834 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.745 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $3.774 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.92 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.325 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.268 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ -3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$25,400 (2015 est.) ++ $26,400 (2014 est.) ++ $26,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$26,100 (2016 est.) ++ $26,300 (2015 est.) ++ $27,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 22.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "24.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "54.1%" + "text": "55.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.1%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.7%" + "text": "21.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-3.4%" + "text": "-3.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "29.8%" + "text": "25.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-21.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-19.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4.6%" + "text": "4.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "32.6%" + "text": "33.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "62.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk" }, "Industries": { - "text": "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts" + "text": "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production," }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "76.58 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "77.41 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2016 est.) ++ 5.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "11.2% (2014 est.)" @@ -670,29 +670,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$224.2 billion" + "text": "$186.5 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$256.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$236.6 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "9.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.5% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "13.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 9.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as in" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "15.5% (2015 est.) ++ 7.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.2% (2016 est.) ++ 15.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "11% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17% (31 December 2014)", @@ -701,25 +701,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15.73% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.14% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15.73% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$151.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $201.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$199.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $151.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$926.8 billion (31 October 2014 est.) ++ $1.087 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$603.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $664.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$818.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $603.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$874.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $796.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.005 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$393.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $385.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $770.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$65.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $59.46 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.56 billion (2016 est.) ++ $69 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$341.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $497.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$259.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $341.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures" @@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ "text": "Netherlands 11.9%, China 8.3%, Germany 7.4%, Italy 6.5%, Turkey 5.6%, Belarus 4.4%, Japan 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$193 billion (2015 est.) ++ $308 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$165.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $193 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel" @@ -737,27 +737,22 @@ "text": "China 19.2%, Germany 11.2%, US 6.4%, Belarus 4.8%, Italy 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$368.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $385.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$365.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $368.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$520.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $600.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$514.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $520.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$342.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $365.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$348 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $342.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$336.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $384.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$359.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $336.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar - ++ 60.938 (2015 est.) ++ 38.378 (2014 est.) ++ 38.378 (2013 est.) ++ 30.84 (2012 est.) ++ 29.382 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar - ++ 68.06 (2016 est.) ++ 60.938 (2015 est.) ++ 60.938 (2014 est.) ++ 38.378 (2013 est.) ++ 30.84 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.064 trillion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -847,17 +842,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the telephone system is experiencing significant changes; more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; progress made toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy; the estimated number of mobile subscribers jumped from fewer than 1 million in 1998 to more than 235 million in 2011; fixed-line service has improved but a large demand remains" + "text": "the telephone system is experiencing significant changes; more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; progress made toward building the telecommunications infrast" }, "domestic": { - "text": "cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low-density" + "text": "cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in man" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 7; connected internationally by undersea fiber -optic cables; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems (2011)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "13 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1 and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprom maintains a controlling interest in 2 of the national channels; government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest in a fourth and fifth, while a sixth national channel is owned by the Moscow city administration; the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian military, respectively, own 2 additional national channels; roughly 3,300 national, regional, and local TV stations with over two-thirds completely or partially controlled by the federal or local governments; satellite TV services are available; 2 state-run national radio networks with a third majority-owned by Gazprom; roughly 2,400 public and commercial radio stations (2016)" + "text": "13 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1 and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprom maintains a controlling interest in 2 of the national channels; government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest i (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ru; note - Russia also has responsibility for a legacy domain \".su\" that was allocated to the Soviet Union and is being phased out" @@ -977,7 +972,7 @@ "text": "155 (Belgium 4, Cyprus 13, Estonia 1, Ireland 1, Italy 14, Latvia 2, Netherlands 2, Romania 1, South Korea 1, Switzerland 3, Turkey 101, Ukraine 12)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "439 (Antigua and Barbuda 3, Belgium 1, Belize 30, Bulgaria 2, Cambodia 50, Comoros 12, Cook Islands 1, Cyprus 46, Dominica 3, Georgia 6, Hong Kong 1, Kiribati 1, Liberia 109, Malaysia 2, Malta 45, Marshall Islands 5, Moldova 5, Mongolia 2, Panama 49, Romania 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11, Sierra Leone 7, Singapore 2, Spain 6, Vanuatu 7, unknown 19) (2010)" + "text": "439 (Antigua and Barbuda 3, Belgium 1, Belize 30, Bulgaria 2, Cambodia 50, Comoros 12, Cook Islands 1, Cyprus 46, Dominica 3, Georgia 6, Hong Kong 1, Kiribati 1, Liberia 109, Malaysia 2, Malta 45, Marshall Islands 5, Moldova 5, Mongolia 2, Panama 49, Romania (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index a16f4761..44407f10 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called \"basmachi\") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. The most recent incidents were a series of attacks on security personnel in September 2015 led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistanis working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the major role narcotrafficking plays in the country's informal economy." + "text": "The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called \"basmachi\") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. In September 2015, government security forces rebuffed attacks led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power during the civil war, used the attacks to ban the main opposition political party in Tajikistan. RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself designated “Leader ofthe Nation” and removing term limits on himself through constitutional amendments in a referendum on May 2016. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistanis working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the opiate trade in neighboring Afghanistan." } }, "Geography": { @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "7,420 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "earthquakes; floods" }, @@ -169,6 +172,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "26.8% of total population (2015)" @@ -292,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "13.3% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -455,7 +461,7 @@ "text": "Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA] ++ Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] ++ Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar ISMONOV] ++ Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV] ++ People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON] ++ Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV] ++ Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFOROV]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "New Tajikistan Party [Zayd SAIDOV] (unregistered) ++ Presidential Candidate of Union of Reformist Forces of Tajikistan Oynihol BOBONAZAROVA (unregistered) ++ Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV] ++ Youth for the Revival of Tajikistan [Maqsud IBROHIMOV] ++ Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON] (unregistered) ++ Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI] (banned)" + "text": "Group 24 [Sharofiddin GADOEV] (banned) ++ New Tajikistan Party [Zayd SAIDOV] (unregistered, SAIDOV jailed since 2013) ++ Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV] ++ Youth for the Revival of Tajikistan [Maqsud IBROHIMOV] (banned, IBROHIMOV jailed in 2015) ++ Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON] (unregistered) ++ Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI] (banned)" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -514,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "Tajikistan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production, and today, Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the most important crop. Tajikistan imports approximately 60% of its food. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, antimony, and tungsten. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity. ++ ++ Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that have been equivalent to nearly 50% of GDP. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30-50% of GDP. ++ ++ Since the end of the devastating, five-year civil war, the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations, but the poor business climate remains a hurdle to attracting investment. Tajikistan has sought to develop its substantial hydroelectricity potential through partnership with Russian and Iranian investors, and is pursuing completion of the Roghun dam - which, if built according to plan, would be the tallest dam in the world. However, the project will take at least 8 to 11 years to construct and faces financing shortfalls and opposition from downstream Uzbekistan. ++ ++ Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations are hampering economic growth in Tajikistan. By some estimates, the dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by more than 65% in 2015. The government faces challenges financing the public debt, which is equivalent to 35% of GDP, and the National Bank of Tajikistan has aggressively spent down reserves to bolster the weakening somoni, leaving little space for fiscal or monetary measures to counter any additional economic shocks." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$23.31 billion (2015 est.) ++ $22.63 billion (2014 est.) ++ $21.21 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$25.81 billion (2016 est.) ++ $24.35 billion (2015 est.) ++ $22.97 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$7.816 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$6.612 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 6.7% (2014 est.) ++ 7.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.) ++ 6% (2015 est.) ++ 6.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,700 (2015 est.) ++ $2,700 (2014 est.) ++ $2,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,000 (2016 est.) ++ $2,900 (2015 est.) ++ $2,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "11.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 16.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "112.8%" + "text": "116.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.9%" + "text": "14.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.4%" + "text": "13.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.5%" + "text": "4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "22.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-59.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-71.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "29.5%" + "text": "29.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "21.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "49.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "aluminum, cement, vegetable oil" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "2.209 million (2013 est.)" @@ -610,17 +616,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.606 billion" + "text": "$1.841 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.543 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.985 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "33.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "6.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ NA%" @@ -629,28 +635,28 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (2016 est.) ++ 10.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.8% (31 December 2013) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "25.84% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 24.53% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "26% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 25.84% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$773 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $920.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$653.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $773 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$2.085 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.778 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.401 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.628 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.241 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.401 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$795 million (2015 est.) ++ -$892 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$331 million (2016 est.) ++ -$470 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$572 million (2015 est.) ++ $526.8 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$530.8 million (2016 est.) ++ $572 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles" @@ -659,7 +665,7 @@ "text": "Turkey 19.7%, Kazakhstan 17.6%, Switzerland 13.7%, Iran 8.7%, Afghanistan 7.5%, Russia 5.1%, China 4.9%, Italy 4.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.825 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.528 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.34 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.825 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs" @@ -668,10 +674,10 @@ "text": "China 42.3%, Russia 17.9%, Kazakhstan 13.1%, Iran 4.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$494.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $510.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$416.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $494.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.938 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.047 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.976 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.938 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$2.272 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" @@ -680,15 +686,10 @@ "text": "$NA ++ $16.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - ++ 6.1631 (2015 est.) ++ 4.9376 (2014 est.) ++ 4.9348 (2013 est.) ++ 4.76 (2012 est.) ++ 4.6103 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - ++ 8.364 (2016 est.) ++ 6.1631 (2015 est.) ++ 6.1631 (2014 est.) ++ 4.9348 (2013 est.) ++ 4.76 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "16 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -784,11 +785,11 @@ "text": "fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998, while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita); established a single gateway for Internet traffic in December 2015, which is expected to limit the connectivity of nonstate-owned telecom, Internet, and mobile companies (2016)" + "text": "country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stat (2016)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run TV broadcasters transmit nationally on 9 TV and 10 radio stations, and regionally on 4 stations; 31 independent TV and 20 radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; many households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite (2016)" + "text": "state-run TV broadcasters transmit nationally on 9 TV and 10 radio stations, and regionally on 4 stations; 31 independent TV and 20 radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; many households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".tj" @@ -885,7 +886,7 @@ "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2014) ++ 1% of GDP (2008)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2014)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 6852f5c5..2f060a37 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited, have begun to transform the country. The Government of Turkmenistan is moving to expand its extraction and delivery projects and has attempted to diversify its gas export routes beyond Russia's pipeline network. In 2010, new gas export pipelines that carry Turkmen gas to China and to northern Iran began operating, effectively ending the Russian monopoly on Turkmen gas exports. Subsequently, decreased Russian purchases, as well as limited purchases by Iran, have made China the dominant buyer of Turkmen gas. President for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Turkmenistan held its first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy cabinet chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president; he was reelected in February 2012 with 97% of the vote, in an election widely regarded as \"a democratic sham.\"" + "text": "Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited, have begun to transform the country. The Government of Turkmenistan is moving to expand its extraction and delivery projects and has attempted to diversify its gas export routes beyond Russia's pipeline network. In 2010, new gas export pipelines that carry Turkmen gas to China and to northern Iran began operating, effectively ending the Russian monopoly on Turkmen gas exports. Subsequently, decreased Russian purchases, as well as limited purchases by Iran, have made China the dominant buyer of Turkmen gas. President for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Turkmenistan held its first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy cabinet chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president; he was reelected in February 2012 with 97% of the vote, in an election widely regarded as undemocratic." } }, "Geography": { @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "19,950 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the most densly populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -166,6 +169,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the most densly populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "50% of total population (2015)" @@ -348,7 +354,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1991)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "adopted 18 May 1992; amended several times, last in 2008; note - in mid-2014, the president established the Constitutional Commission to initiate a process for developing constitutional reforms (2016)" + "text": "adopted 18 May 1992; amended several times, last in 2016 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system with Islamic law influences" @@ -384,7 +390,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2017); note - while the next presidential election would normally be held in February 2017, that may change as a result of the ongoing constitutional reforms, which are expected to extend the presidential term to 7 years" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 12 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2017); note – presidential election is still planned for February 2017 despite a 2016 constitutional amendment that extends the presidential term from 5 to 7 years" }, "election results": { "text": "Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW reelected president; percent of vote - Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW 97.1%, Annageldi YAZMYRADOW 1.1%, other candidates 1.8%" @@ -392,7 +398,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms); note - in September 2008, a constitutional change abolished a second, 2,507-member People's Council and expanded the membership in the National Assembly to 125 from 65; the powers formerly held by the People's Council were divided between the president and the National Assembly" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected from districts having about the same number of voters; members serve 5-year terms); note - in September 2008, a constitutional change abolished a second, 2,507-member People's Council and expanded the membership in the National Assembly to 125 from 65; the powers formerly held by the People's Council were divided between the president and the National Assembly" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 15 December 2013 (next to be held in December 2018)" @@ -472,7 +478,7 @@ "text": "collective/Veli MUKHATOV" }, "note": { - "text": "adopted 1997, lyrics revised 2008; following the death of President Saparmurat NYYAZOW, the lyrics were altered to eliminate references to him" + "text": "adopted 1997, lyrics revised in 2008, following the death of President Saparmurat NYYAZOW, to eliminate references to him" } } }, @@ -481,55 +487,55 @@ "text": "Turkmenistan is largely a desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and significant natural gas and oil resources. The two largest crops are cotton, most of which is produced for export, and wheat, which is domestically consumed. Although agriculture accounts for roughly 14% of GDP, it continues to employ nearly half of the country's workforce. Hydrocarbon exports (mainly natural gas) make up 31% of Turkmenistan’s GDP, with 60% of gas exports going to China and the remainder to Russia and Iran. Ashgabat has explored two initiatives to bring gas to new markets: a trans-Caspian pipeline that would carry gas to Europe and the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas pipeline. Both face major financing and security hurdles and are unlikely to be completed soon. ++ ++ Turkmenistan’s autocratic governments under presidents NIYAZOW (1991-2006) and BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 2007) have made little progress improving the business climate, privatizing state-owned industries, and combatting corruption, limiting economic development outside the energy sector. High energy prices in the mid-2000s allowed the government to undertake extensive development and social spending, including providing heavy utility subsidies. ++ ++ Low energy prices since mid-2014 are hampering Turkmenistan’s economic growth and reducing government revenues. The government has cut subsidies in several areas, and wage arrears have increased. In January 2014, the Central Bank of Turkmenistan devalued the manat by 19%, and downward pressure on the currency continues. Turkmenistan continues to report GDP growth of nearly 10% per year and claims substantial foreign currency reserves, but non-transparent data limit international institutions’ ability to verify this information." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$88.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $83.19 billion (2014 est.) ++ $75.43 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$94.77 billion (2016 est.) ++ $89.95 billion (2015 est.) ++ $84.46 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$35.68 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$36.57 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% (2014 est.) ++ 10.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.4% (2016 est.) ++ 6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,400 (2015 est.) ++ $15,700 (2014 est.) ++ $14,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$17,300 (2016 est.) ++ $16,700 (2015 est.) ++ $15,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -22.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 9.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -22.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.5%" + "text": "10.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.2%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.7%" + "text": "33.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-22.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-21.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "13.1%" + "text": "13.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "48.4%" + "text": "47.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "38.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "39.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -539,7 +545,7 @@ "text": "natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "2.305 million (2013 est.)" @@ -574,23 +580,23 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$5.771 billion" + "text": "$3.765 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.771 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.753 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "10.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "16% (2015 est.) ++ 11% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11% (2016 est.) ++ 16% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5% (31 December 2014) ++ 5% (31 December 2013)" @@ -608,10 +614,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$4.523 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.092 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$6.78 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$3.695 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.39 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.756 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.38 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, cotton fiber" @@ -620,7 +626,7 @@ "text": "China 68.6%, Turkey 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.198 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.17 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.467 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.198 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -629,24 +635,19 @@ "text": "Turkey 24.9%, Russia 12.3%, China 10.9%, UAE 9.1%, Kazakhstan 5.1%, Germany 4.6%, Iran 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$13.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.43 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$454.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $441.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$502.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $454.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$3.061 billion (2013 est.) ++ $3.117 billion (2012 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Turkmen manat (TMM) per US dollar - ++ 3.5 (2015 est.) ++ 2.85 (2014 est.) ++ 2.85 (2013 est.) ++ 2.85 (2012 est.) ++ 2.85 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Turkmen manat (TMM) per US dollar - ++ 4.25 (2016 est.) ++ 3.5 (2015 est.) ++ 3.5 (2014 est.) ++ 2.85 (2013 est.) ++ 2.85 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "22.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -739,14 +740,14 @@ "text": "telecommunications network is gradually improving" }, "domestic": { - "text": "Turkmentelekom, in cooperation with foreign partners, has installed high-speed fiber-optic lines and has upgraded most of the country's telephone exchanges and switching centers with new digital technology; combined fixed-line and mobile teledensity is about 160 per 100 persons; Russia's Mobile Telesystems, the only foreign mobile-cellular service provider in Turkmenistan, had its operating license suspended in December 2010 but was able to resume operations in September 2012; Turkmenistan's first telecommunication satellite was launched in 2015 and is expected to greatly improve connectivity in the country" + "text": "Turkmentelekom, in cooperation with foreign partners, has installed high-speed fiber-optic lines and has upgraded most of the country's telephone exchanges and switching centers with new digital technology; combined fixed-line and mobile teledensity is ab" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 993; linked by fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; an exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat (2015)" + "text": "country code - 993; linked by fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; an exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "broadcast media is government controlled and censored; 7 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks; satellite dishes and programming provide an alternative to the state-run media; officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by removing satellite dishes (2007)" + "text": "broadcast media is government controlled and censored; 7 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks; satellite dishes and programming provide an alternative to the state-run media; officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by removing satellit (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".tm" diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 2957b57e..5002e0ee 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of \"white gold\" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country has gradually lessened its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. However, long-serving septuagenarian President Islom KARIMOV, who rose through the ranks of the Soviet-era State Planning Committee (Gosplan), remains wedded to the concepts of a command economy, creating a challenging environment for foreign investment. Current concerns include post-KARIMOV succession, economic stagnation, pervasive corruption, declining quality of social services, persistent inability to adequately meet the country's energy needs outside of Tashkent, the curtailment of human rights, and the lack of democratization." + "text": "Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of \"white gold\" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991 upon the dissolution of the USSR, the country has gradually lessened its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in August 2016. The political transition to his successor, then-Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV was peaceful, but sidelined the constitutional process where the chairman of the Senate would have served as the acting president. MIRZIYOYEV, who won the presidential election in December 2016, has sought to improve relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and proposed wide-ranging economic and judicial reforms." } }, "Geography": { @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "42,150 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -169,6 +172,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "36.4% of total population (2015)" @@ -381,19 +387,19 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Interim President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 8 September 2016); note - longtime President Islom KARIMOV died on 2 September 2016; new presidential elections must be held within three months of this date" + "text": "President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (interim president from 8 September 2016; formally elected president on 4 December 2016 to succeed longtime President Islom KARIMOV, who died on 2 September 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 11 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008)" + "text": "Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 13 December 2016); First Deputy Prime Minister Rustam AZIMOV (since 2 January 2008)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of both chambers of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 29 March 2015; prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011, but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term; previously a 5-year term, extended by a 2002 constitutional amendment to 7 years, and reverted to 5 years in 2011); election last held on 4 December 2016; prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011, but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV (LDPU) 90.4%, Akmal SAIDOV (Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 3.1%, Khatamjan KETMANOV (NDP) 2.9%, Nariman UMAROV (Justice Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) 2.1%, other 1.5%" + "text": "Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV elected president; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 88.6%, Khatamjon KETMONOV (NDP) 3.7%, Narimon UMAROV (Adolat) 3.5%, Sarvar OTAMURADOV 2.4%, other 1.8%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -401,7 +407,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of the Senate (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms) and the Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; 135 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed and 15 indirectly elected by the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "note": { - "text": "all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Islom KARIMOV" + "text": "all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 21 December 2014 and 4 January 2015 (next to be held in December 2019)" @@ -422,7 +428,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV] ++ Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV] ++ Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Islam KARIMOV] ++ National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV] ++ People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)" + "text": "Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV] ++ Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV] ++ Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV] ++ National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Sarvar OTAMURATOV] ++ People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups in Uzbekistan" @@ -487,55 +493,55 @@ "text": "Uzbekistan is a landlocked country with more than 60% of the population living in densely populated rural communities. Since its independence in September 1991, the government maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbekistani agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth largest cotton exporter and sixth largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. In 2015, Russia’s Gazprom announced it would reduce its natural gas imports from Uzbekistan but Tashkent continues to export natural gas to China and Chinese investments in the country have substantially increased. ++ ++ While aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government continues to intervene in the business sector and has not addressed the impediments to foreign investment in the country. In the past, Uzbekistani authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbekistani laws and have frozen and seized their assets. At the same time, the Uzbekistani Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations, offering financing and tax advantages. ++ ++ In 2003, the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF, providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdown in neighboring Russia and China have been hurting Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsening its problem of currency shortage." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$187.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $174 billion (2014 est.) ++ $161 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$202.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $190.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $176.7 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$65.68 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$66.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "8% (2015 est.) ++ 8.1% (2014 est.) ++ 8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.) ++ 8% (2015 est.) ++ 8.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,100 (2015 est.) ++ $5,700 (2014 est.) ++ $5,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,500 (2016 est.) ++ $6,200 (2015 est.) ++ $5,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "27.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 27.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "56.4%" + "text": "55.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.5%" + "text": "17.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24%" + "text": "24.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.5%" + "text": "3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "28.7%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-29.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "33.6%" + "text": "33.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "47.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "46.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -545,10 +551,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "17.54 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "17.8 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -562,7 +568,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.)", + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "official data; another 20% are underemployed" } @@ -583,17 +589,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$21.17 billion" + "text": "$21.09 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$20.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$21.23 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "31.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "8.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" @@ -602,7 +608,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10% (2015 est.) ++ 11% (2014 est.)", + "text": "11.5% (2016 est.) ++ 10% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012" } @@ -611,22 +617,22 @@ "text": "12.44% (31 December 2013 est.) ++ 11.2% (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$7.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.272 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.52 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$16.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$11.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.09 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA (31 December 2012) ++ $715.3 million (31 December 2006)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$7 million (2015 est.) ++ $454 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$64 million (2016 est.) ++ $93 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.35 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.11 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.35 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "energy products, cotton, gold, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and nonferrous metals, textiles, foodstuffs, machinery, automobiles" @@ -635,7 +641,7 @@ "text": "Switzerland 25.8%, China 17.6%, Kazakhstan 14.2%, Turkey 9.9%, Russia 8.4%, Bangladesh 6.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$11.81 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.74 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.61 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.81 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals" @@ -644,10 +650,10 @@ "text": "China 20.8%, Russia 20.8%, South Korea 12%, Kazakhstan 10.8%, Turkey 4.6%, Germany 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$15 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13.39 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.75 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -656,15 +662,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - ++ 2,569.6 (2015 est.) ++ 2,311.4 (2014 est.) ++ 2,311.4 (2013 est.) ++ 1,890.1 (2012 est.) ++ 1,715.8 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - ++ 2,963.7 (2016 est.) ++ 2,569.6 (2015 est.) ++ 2,569.6 (2014 est.) ++ 2,311.4 (2013 est.) ++ 1,890.1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "53 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -757,14 +758,14 @@ "text": "digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas" }, "domestic": { - "text": "the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by 3 private and 1 state-owned operator with a total subscriber base of 22 million as of mid 2015" + "text": "the state-owned telecommunications company, Uzbektelecom, owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchange" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber- optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008 (2015)" + "text": "country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government controls media; 14 state-owned broadcasters - 10 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2013, the government closed TV and radio broadcasters affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government-sponsored NGO for private broadcast media" + "text": "government controls media; 14 state-owned broadcasters - 10 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are re" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".uz" @@ -863,10 +864,10 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "Uzbek Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2013)" + "text": "Armed Forces: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces (2016)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-month or 1-year conscript service obligation for males; moving toward a professional military, but conscription in some form will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2013)" + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-month or 1-year conscript service obligation for males; moving toward a professional military, but conscription in some form will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities; note - widely considered to have one of the strongest militaries in Central Asia, although it is untested (2016)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index a76caed8..db250a9a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Various ethnic Burmese and ethnic minority city-states or kingdoms occupied the present borders through the 19th century. Over a period of 62 years (1824-1886), Britain conquered Burma and incorporated the country into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; in 1948, Burma attained independence from the British Commonwealth. Gen. NE WIN dominated the government from 1962 to 1988, first as military ruler, then as self-appointed president, and later as political kingpin. In response to widespread civil unrest, NE WIN resigned in 1988, but within months the military crushed student-led protests and took power. ++ Multiparty legislative elections in 1990 resulted in the main opposition party - the National League for Democracy (NLD) - winning a landslide victory. Instead of handing over power, the junta placed NLD leader (and Nobel Peace Prize recipient) AUNG SAN SUU KYI under house arrest from 1989 to 1995, 2000 to 2002, and from May 2003 to November 2010. In late September 2007, the ruling junta brutally suppressed protests over increased fuel prices led by prodemocracy activists and Buddhist monks, killing at least 13 people and arresting thousands for participating in the demonstrations. In early May 2008, Burma was struck by Cyclone Nargis, which left over 138,000 dead and tens of thousands injured and homeless. Despite this tragedy, the junta proceeded with its May constitutional referendum, the first vote in Burma since 1990. Legislative elections held in November 2010, which the NLD boycotted and were considered flawed by many in the international community, saw the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party garner over 75% of the seats. ++ The national legislature convened in January 2011 and selected former Prime Minister THEIN SEIN as president. Although the vast majority of national-level appointees named by THEIN SEIN are former or current military officers, the government initiated a series of political and economic reforms leading to a substantial opening of the long-isolated country. These reforms included releasing hundreds of political prisoners, signing a nationwide cease-fire with several of the country's ethnic armed groups, pursuing legal reform, and gradually reducing restrictions on freedom of the press, association, and civil society. At least due in part to these reforms, AUNG SAN SUU KYI was elected to the national legislature in April 2012 and became chair of the Committee for Rule of Law and Tranquility. Burma served as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for 2014. In a flawed but largely credible national legislative election in November 2015 featuring more than 90 political parties, the NLD again won a landslide victory. Using its overwhelming majority in both houses of parliament, the NLD elected HTIN KYAW, AUNG SAN SUU KYI’s confidant and long-time NLD supporter, as president. Burma's first civilian government after more than five decades of military dictatorship was sworn into office on 30 March 2016." + "text": "Various ethnic Burmese and ethnic minority city-states or kingdoms occupied the present borders through the 19th century. Over a period of 62 years (1824-1886), Britain conquered Burma and incorporated the country into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; in 1948, Burma attained independence from the British Commonwealth. Gen. NE WIN dominated the government from 1962 to 1988, first as military ruler, then as self-appointed president, and later as political kingpin. In response to widespread civil unrest, NE WIN resigned in 1988, but within months the military crushed student-led protests and took power. ++ Multiparty legislative elections in 1990 resulted in the main opposition party - the National League for Democracy (NLD) - winning a landslide victory. Instead of handing over power, the junta placed NLD leader (and 1991 Nobel Peace Prize recipient) AUNG SAN SUU KYI under house arrest from 1989 to 1995, 2000 to 2002, and from May 2003 to November 2010. In late September 2007, the ruling junta brutally suppressed protests over increased fuel prices led by prodemocracy activists and Buddhist monks, killing an unknown number of people and arresting thousands for participating in the demonstrations. In early May 2008, Burma was struck by Cyclone Nargis, which left over 138,000 dead and tens of thousands injured and homeless. Despite this tragedy, the junta proceeded with its May constitutional referendum, the first vote in Burma since 1990. Legislative elections held in November 2010, which the NLD boycotted and were considered flawed by many in the international community, saw the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party garner over 75% of the contested seats. ++ The national legislature convened in January 2011 and selected former Prime Minister THEIN SEIN as president. Although the vast majority of national-level appointees named by THEIN SEIN were former or current military officers, the government initiated a series of political and economic reforms leading to a substantial opening of the long-isolated country. These reforms included releasing hundreds of political prisoners, signing a nationwide cease-fire with several of the country's ethnic armed groups, pursuing legal reform, and gradually reducing restrictions on freedom of the press, association, and civil society. At least due in part to these reforms, AUNG SAN SUU KYI was elected to the national legislature in April 2012 and became chair of the Committee for Rule of Law and Tranquility. Burma served as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for 2014. In a flawed but largely credible national legislative election in November 2015 featuring more than 90 political parties, the NLD again won a landslide victory. Using its overwhelming majority in both houses of parliament, the NLD elected HTIN KYAW, AUNG SAN SUU KYI’s confidant and long-time NLD supporter, as president. Burma's first credibly elected civilian government after more than five decades of military dictatorship was sworn into office on 30 March 2016." } }, "Geography": { @@ -427,16 +427,16 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President HTIN KYAW (since 30 March 2016); Vice Presidents MYINT SWE (since 30 March 2016) and HENRY VAN TIO (since 30 March 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President HTIN KYAW (since 30 March 2016); Vice Presidents MYINT SWE (since 30 March 2016) and HENRY VAN THIO (since 30 March 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President HTIN KYAW (since 30 March 2016); Vice Presidents MYINT SWE (since 30 March 2016) and HENRY VAN TIO (since 30 March 2016)" + "text": "President HTIN KYAW (since 30 March 2016); Vice Presidents MYINT SWE (since 30 March 2016) and HENRY VAN THIO (since 30 March 2016)" }, "note": { - "text": "a parliamentary bill creating the position of \"state counsellor\" was signed into law by President HTIN KYAW on 6 April 2016; a state counsellor serves the equivalent term of the president and is similar to a prime minister in that the holder acts as a link between the parliament and the executive branch" + "text": "a parliamentary bill creating the position of \"state counselor\" was signed into law by President HTIN KYAW on 6 April 2016; a state counsellor serves the equivalent term of the president and is similar to a prime minister in that the holder acts as a link between the parliament and the executive branch" }, "state counsellor": { - "text": "State Counsellor AUNG SAN SUU KYI (since 6 April 2016); she concurrently serves as minister of foreign affairs and minister for the office of the president" + "text": "State Counselor AUNG SAN SUU KYI (since 6 April 2016); she concurrently serves as minister of foreign affairs and minister for the office of the president" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointments shared by the president and the commander-in-chief" @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the full Assembly of the Union from among 3 vice-presidential candidates nominated by the Presidential Electoral College (consists of members of the lower and upper houses and military members); the other 2 candidates become vice-presidents (president elected for a 5-year term); election last held on 15 March 2016 (next to be held in 2021)" }, "election results": { - "text": "HTIN KYAW elected president; Assembly of the Union vote: HTIN KYAW 360, MYINT SWE 213, HENRY VAN TIO 79 (652 votes cast)" + "text": "HTIN KYAW elected president; Assembly of the Union vote: HTIN KYAW 360, MYINT SWE 213, HENRY VAN THIO 79 (652 votes cast)" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -471,11 +471,11 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "All Mon Region Democracy Party or AMRDP [NAING NGWE THEIN] ++ Arakan National Party or ANP [Dr. AYE MAUNG] (formed from the 2013 merger of the Rakhine Nationalities Development Party and the Arakan League for Democracy) ++ National Democratic Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE] ++ National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SAN SUU KYI] ++ National Unity Party or NUP [THAN TIN] ++ Pa-O National Organization or PNO [AUNG KHAN HTI] ++ Shan Nationalities Democratic Party or SNDP [SAI AIK PAUNG] ++ Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO] ++ Ta'ang National Party or TNP [AIK MONE] ++ Union Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [HTAY OO] ++ Zomi Congress for Democracy or ZCD [PU CIN SIAN THANG] ++ numerous smaller parties" + "text": "All Mon Region Democracy Party or AMRDP [NAING NGWE THEIN] ++ Arakan National Party or ANP [Dr. AYE MAUNG] (formed from the 2013 merger of the Rakhine Nationalities Development Party and the Arakan League for Democracy) ++ National Democratic Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE] ++ National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SAN SUU KYI] ++ National Unity Party or NUP [THAN TIN] ++ Pa-O National Organization or PNO [AUNG KHAN HTI] ++ Shan Nationalities Democratic Party or SNDP [SAI AIK PAUNG] ++ Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO] ++ Ta'ang National Party or TNP [AIK MONE] ++ Union Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [THAN HTAY] ++ Zomi Congress for Democracy or ZCD [PU CIN SIAN THANG] ++ numerous smaller parties" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "Thai border": { - "text": "Ethnic Nationalities Council or ENC ++ Federation of Trade Unions-Burma or FTUB (exile trade union and labor advocates) ++ National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB (self-proclaimed government in exile) [\"Prime Minister\" Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals, some legitimately elected to the People's Assembly in 1990 (the group fled to a border area and joined insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government in exile) ++ National Council-Union of Burma or NCUB (exile coalition of opposition groups) ++ United Nationalities Federal Council or UNFC" + "text": "Ethnic Nationalities Council or ENC ++ Federation of Trade Unions-Burma or FTUB (exile trade union and labor advocates) ++ United Nationalities Federal Council or UNFC" }, "inside Burma": { "text": "Kachin Independence Organization ++ Karen National Union or KNU ++ Karenni National People's Party or KNPP ++ United Wa State Army or UWSA ++ 88 Generation Students (pro-democracy movement) ++ several other Chin, Karen, Mon, and Shan factions" @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ "text": "[95] (1) 536-509, 535-756, 538-038" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[95] (1) 511-069" + "text": "[95] (1) 650-480" } }, "Flag description": { @@ -544,55 +544,55 @@ "text": "Since the transition to a civilian government in 2011, Burma has begun an economic overhaul aimed at attracting foreign investment and reintegrating into the global economy. Economic reforms have included establishing a managed float of the Burmese kyat in 2012, re-writing the Foreign Investment Law in 2012 to allow more foreign investment participation, granting the Central Bank operational independence in July 2013, enacting a new Anti-corruption Law in September 2013, and granting licenses to nine foreign banks in 2014 and four more foreign banks in 2016. ++ ++ The government’s commitment to reform, and the subsequent easing of most Western sanctions, led to accelerated growth in 2013 and 2014. In 2015, growth slowed because of political uncertainty in an election year, summer floods, and external factors, including China’s slowdown and lower commodity prices. Burma’s abundant natural resources, young labor force, and proximity to Asia’s dynamic economies have attracted foreign investment in the energy sector, garment industry, information technology, and food and beverages. Pledged foreign direct investment grew from $4.1 billion in FY 2013 to $8.1 billion in FY 2014. ++ ++ Despite these improvements, living standards have not improved for the majority of the people residing in rural areas. Burma remains one of the poorest countries in Asia – approximately 26% of the country’s 51 million people live in poverty. The previous government’s isolationist policies and economic mismanagement have left Burma with poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, underdeveloped human resources, and inadequate access to capital, which will require a major commitment to reverse. The Burmese government has been slow to address impediments to economic development such as insecure land rights, a restrictive trade licensing system, an opaque revenue collection system, and an antiquated banking system. The newly elected government, led by AUNG SAN SUU KYI, will likely focus on accelerating agricultural productivity and land reforms, modernizing and opening the financial sector, and improving fiscal management." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$283.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $264.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $243.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$311.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $287.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $268.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$66.98 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$68.28 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.) ++ 8.7% (2014 est.) ++ 8.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.1% (2016 est.) ++ 7% (2015 est.) ++ 8.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,500 (2015 est.) ++ $5,200 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,000 (2016 est.) ++ $5,600 (2015 est.) ++ $5,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "33.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 29.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 17.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "59.9%" + "text": "57.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "6.1%" + "text": "6.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "36.1%" + "text": "37.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.3%" + "text": "0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "23.7%" + "text": "24.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-26.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-26.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "26.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.5%" + "text": "27.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "46% (2015 est.)" + "text": "46.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -602,10 +602,10 @@ "text": "agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; oil and natural gas; garments; jade and gems" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "13.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "12.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "36.18 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "37.15 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -615,11 +615,11 @@ "text": "7%" }, "services": { - "text": "23% (2001)" + "text": "23% (2001 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 5.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "32.7% (2007 est.)" @@ -634,44 +634,44 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$7.796 billion" + "text": "$8.944 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$9.702 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.99 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "11.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "10.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7% (2016 est.) ++ 10.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9.95% (31 December 2010) ++ 12% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$13.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.73 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.37 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$16.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.91 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.22 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$5.943 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.683 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$5.665 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$4.879 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$9.135 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.083 billion (2014 est.)", + "text": "$10.49 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.135 billion (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh" } @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ "text": "China 37.7%, Thailand 25.6%, India 7.7%, Japan 6.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$12.49 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.09 billion (2014 est.)", + "text": "$13.96 billion (2016 est.) ++ $12.49 billion (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India" } @@ -695,30 +695,16 @@ "text": "China 42.2%, Thailand 18.5%, Singapore 11%, Japan 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$8.463 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.728 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.913 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.463 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.407 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.351 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.041 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.407 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kyats (MMK) per US dollar - ++ 1,162.62 (2015 est.) ++ 984.35 (2014 est.) ++ 984.35 (2013 est.) ++ 853.48 (2012 est.) ++ 815 (2011 est.)" + "text": "kyats (MMK) per US dollar - ++ 1,205.9 (2016 est.) ++ 1,162.62 (2015 est.) ++ 1,162.62 (2014 est.) ++ 984.35 (2013 est.) ++ 853.48 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "36,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "52%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "95%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "31% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "14 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -818,7 +804,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government controls all domestic broadcast media; 2 state-controlled TV stations with 1 of the stations controlled by the armed forces; 2 pay-TV stations are joint state-private ventures; access to satellite TV is limited; 1 state-controlled domestic radio station and 9 FM stations that are joint state-private ventures; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in parts of Burma; the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free Asia (RFA), BBC Burmese service, the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), and Radio Australia use shortwave to broadcast in Burma; VOA, RFA, and DVB produce daily TV news programs that are transmitted by satellite to audiences in Burma" + "text": "government controls all domestic broadcast media; 2 state-controlled TV stations with 1 of the stations controlled by the armed forces; 2 pay-TV stations are joint state-private ventures; access to satellite TV is limited; 1 state-controlled domestic radi" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mm" @@ -934,7 +920,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw): Army (Tatmadaw Kyi), Navy (Tatmadaw Yay), Air Force (Tatmadaw Lay) (2013)" + "text": "Burmese Defense Service (Tatmadaw): Army (Tatmadaw Kyi), Navy (Tatmadaw Yay), Air Force (Tatmadaw Lay) (2013)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for voluntary military service; no conscription (a 2010 law reintroducing conscription has not yet entered into force); 2-year service obligation; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be stretched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency; Burma signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on 15 August 1991; on 27 June 2012, the regime signed a Joint Action Plan on prevention of child recruitment; in February 2013, the military formed a new task force to address forced child conscription; approximately 600 children have been released from military service since the signing of the joint action plan (2015)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index b5840127..ec7709a1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "text": "9.6% (2009)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2016)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -458,21 +458,21 @@ "text": "Brunei is an energy-rich sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei boasts a well-educated, largely English-speaking population; excellent infrastructure; and a stable government intent on attracting foreign investment. Crude oil and natural gas production account for approximately 65% of GDP and 95% of exports, with Japan as the primary export market. ++ ++ Per capita GDP is among the highest in the world, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic hydrocarbon production. Bruneian citizens do not pay personal income taxes, and the government provides free medical services and free education through the university level. ++ ++ The Bruneian Government wants to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbon exports to other industries such as information and communications technology and halal manufacturing. Brunei’s trade in 2016 is set to increase following its regional economic integration in the ASEAN Economic Community, and the expected ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$33.22 billion (2015 est.) ++ $33.29 billion (2014 est.) ++ $34.09 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$33.73 billion (2016 est.) ++ $33.61 billion (2015 est.) ++ $33.79 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.79 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.46 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.) ++ -2.3% (2014 est.) ++ -2.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.) ++ -0.6% (2015 est.) ++ -2.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$79,700 (2015 est.) ++ $80,800 (2014 est.) ++ $84,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$79,700 (2016 est.) ++ $80,600 (2015 est.) ++ $82,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { @@ -480,22 +480,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "21.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "25.1%" + "text": "23.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "35%" + "text": "37.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "52.2%" + "text": "50.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-32.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-33.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -503,10 +503,10 @@ "text": "1.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "60.2%" + "text": "60.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "38.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ "text": "petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, transportation" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "203,600 (2014 est.)" @@ -548,44 +548,44 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$4.899 billion" + "text": "$2.958 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.003 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.618 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "41.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-15.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.) ++ -0.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.327 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.467 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$10.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $10.11 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$10.29 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.323 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.477 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.909 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.323 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$921 million (2015 est.) ++ $4.747 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$452 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.556 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$7.235 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.11 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.315 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.235 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, organic chemicals" @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ "text": "Japan 35.9%, South Korea 14.8%, Thailand 10.8%, India 9.8%, NZ 5.6%, Australia 5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.359 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.668 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.648 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.359 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and mechanical appliance parts, mineral fuels, motor vehicles, electric machinery" @@ -609,24 +609,10 @@ } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - ++ 1.3749 (2015 est.) ++ 1.267 (2014 est.) ++ 1.267 (2013 est.) ++ 1.25 (2012 est.) ++ 1.2579 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - ++ 1.386 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3749 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3749 (2014 est.) ++ 1.267 (2013 est.) ++ 1.25 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "104,788" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "76%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "79%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "67% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -722,11 +708,11 @@ "text": "every service available" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network provides new links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network provides new links to Asia and the US; satellite ea (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on 2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are available via repeaters (2009)" + "text": "state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British F (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bn" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 8cdc755c..c2d186a7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "text": "23.9% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -529,55 +529,55 @@ "text": "Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade; GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and at least 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 600,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 50,000 people in construction. Tourism has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year since 2007 and reaching around 4.5 million visitors in 2014. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. ++ ++ Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by endemic corruption, limited human resources, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. As of 2012, approximately 2.66 million people live on less than $1.20 per day, and 37% of Cambodian children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. ++ ++ The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 30% of the government budget comes from donor assistance. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$54.21 billion (2015 est.) ++ $50.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $47.35 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$58.94 billion (2016 est.) ++ $55.09 billion (2015 est.) ++ $51.47 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$18.16 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$19.37 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% (2014 est.) ++ 7.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "7% (2016 est.) ++ 7% (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,500 (2015 est.) ++ $3,300 (2014 est.) ++ $3,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,700 (2016 est.) ++ $3,500 (2015 est.) ++ $3,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "78.6%" + "text": "78.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "5.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "21%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.4%" + "text": "1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "67.6%" + "text": "64.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-74.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-71.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "28.2%" + "text": "26.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "29.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "42.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "43.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,10 +587,10 @@ "text": "tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "11.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.974 million (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.643 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -625,17 +625,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.983 billion" + "text": "$3.388 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.208 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.562 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "17.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "33.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 33.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" @@ -644,31 +644,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA% (31 December 2012) ++ 5.25% (31 December 2007)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11.71% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.31% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "11.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11.71% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.602 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.482 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.785 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.602 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$11.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.12 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$9.776 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.842 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.776 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.042 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.032 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.969 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.889 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$8.453 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.445 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.762 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.453 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear" @@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ "text": "US 23.1%, UK 8.8%, Germany 8.2%, Japan 7.4%, Canada 6.7%, China 5.1%, Vietnam 5%, Thailand 4.9%, Netherlands 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$11.92 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.67 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.32 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.92 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products" @@ -686,33 +686,19 @@ "text": "Thailand 28.7%, China 22.2%, Vietnam 16.4%, Hong Kong 6.1%, Singapore 5.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.376 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.106 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.477 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.376 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.483 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.811 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.46 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.483 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$29.17 billion (2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "riels (KHR) per US dollar - ++ 4,067.75 (2015 est.) ++ 4,037.5 (2014 est.) ++ 4,037.5 (2013 est.) ++ 4,033 (2012 est.) ++ 4,058.5 (2011 est.)" + "text": "riels (KHR) per US dollar - ++ 4,066 (2016 est.) ++ 4,067.8 (2015 est.) ++ 4,067.8 (2014 est.) ++ 4,037.5 (2013 est.) ++ 4,033 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "9,900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "34%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "18% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -812,7 +798,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)" + "text": "mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operate (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".kh" @@ -911,7 +897,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 38, cargo 459, carrier 7, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 1" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, Vietnam 1) (2010)" + "text": "352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index b4bbd7b3..f6eecc4d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -542,73 +542,73 @@ "text": "Since the late 1970s, China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role; in 2010, China became the world's largest exporter. Reforms began with the phaseout of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, growth of the private sector, development of stock markets and a modern banking system, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors considered important to \"economic security,\" explicitly looking to foster globally competitive industries. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2015 stood as the largest economy in the world, surpassing the US in 2014 for the first time in modern history. Still, China's per capita income is below the world average. ++ ++ After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, China in July 2005 moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid-2005 to late 2008, cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar was more than 20%, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing allowed resumption of a gradual appreciation. In 2015, the People’s Bank of China announced it would continue to carefully push for full convertibility of the renminbi after the currency was accepted as part of the IMF’s special drawing rights basket. ++ ++ The Chinese Government faces numerous economic challenges including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic consumption; (b) facilitating higher-wage job opportunities for the aspiring middle class, including rural migrants and increasing numbers of college graduates; (c) reducing corruption and other economic crimes; and (d) containing environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and by 2014 more than 274 million migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban areas to find work. One consequence of population control policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the North - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. The Chinese government is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on nuclear and alternative energy development. ++ ++ Several factors are converging to slow China's growth, including debt overhang from its credit-fueled stimulus program, industrial overcapacity, inefficient allocation of capital by state-owned banks, and the slow recovery of China's trading partners. The government's 13th Five-Year Plan, unveiled in November 2015, emphasizes continued economic reforms and the need to increase innovation and domestic consumption in order to make the economy less dependent in the future on fixed investments, exports, and heavy industry. However, China has made only marginal progress toward these rebalancing goals. The new government of President XI Jinping has signaled a greater willingness to undertake reforms that focus on China's long-term economic health, including giving the market a more decisive role in allocating resources. In 2014, China agreed to begin limiting carbon dioxide emissions by 2030." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$19.39 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $18.14 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $16.91 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$21.27 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $19.95 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $18.67 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.98 trillion (2015 est.)", + "text": "$11.39 trillion (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries" + "text": "because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China" } }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.) ++ 7.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$14,100 (2015 est.) ++ $13,300 (2014 est.) ++ $12,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,400 (2016 est.) ++ $14,500 (2015 est.) ++ $13,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "47.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 49.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 48.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "46% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 47.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 49.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "38%" + "text": "38.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.6%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "43.4%" + "text": "42.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.6%" + "text": "1.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.7%" + "text": "20.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-18.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-17.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "8.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "40.9%" + "text": "40.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "50.2% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.7% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "world leader in gross value of agricultural output; rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish" }, "Industries": { - "text": "world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites" + "text": "world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products (including footwear" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "806.3 million", + "text": "805.9 million", "note": { - "text": "by the end of 2012, China's population at working age (15-64 years) was 1.004 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "by the end of 2012, China's population at working age (15-64 years) was 1.004 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.)", + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are for registered urban unemployment, which excludes private enterprises and migrants" } @@ -650,53 +650,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.444 trillion" + "text": "$2.465 trillion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.822 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.897 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "15.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "20.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "official data; data cover both central government debt and local government debt, which China's National Audit Office estimated at RMB 10.72 trillion (approximately US$1.66 trillion) in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, China Asset Management Company debt, and non-performing loans" + "text": "official data; data cover both central government debt and local government debt; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, China Asset Management Company debt, and non-performing loans" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2.25% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 2.25% (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.35% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.35% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$6.176 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.688 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.802 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.176 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$20.93 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.07 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.89 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $21.45 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$20.53 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.6 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$23.08 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $20.53 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$6.065 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.499 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.753 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$8.188 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.005 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.499 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$293.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $219.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$270.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $330.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.143 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.244 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.011 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.143 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, furniture, textiles, integrated circuits" @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ "text": "US 18%, Hong Kong 14.6%, Japan 6%, South Korea 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.576 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.809 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.437 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.576 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels; nuclear reactor, boiler, and machinery components; optical and medical equipment, metal ores, motor vehicles; soybeans" @@ -714,36 +714,22 @@ "text": "South Korea 10.9%, US 9%, Japan 8.9%, Germany 5.5%, Australia 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$3.406 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.869 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.092 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.406 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$958.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $959.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$983.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $958.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.221 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.085 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.458 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.221 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.01 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $888.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.285 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.01 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar - ++ 6.2275 (2015 est.) ++ 6.1434 (2014 est.) ++ 6.1958 (2013 est.) ++ 6.3123 (2012 est.) ++ 6.4615 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar - ++ 6.626 (2016 est.) ++ 6.2275 (2015 est.) ++ 6.2275 (2014 est.) ++ 6.1958 (2013 est.) ++ 6.3123 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.9%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99.8% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "5.388 trillion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -833,17 +819,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure; China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services" + "text": "domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure; China in th" }, "domestic": { - "text": "interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users now over 50% of the population; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place" + "text": "interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users now over 50% of the population; a domestic satellite system with several earth s" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)" + "text": "country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacifi (2012)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the Communist Party of China or a government agency; no privately owned TV or radio stations; state-run Chinese Central TV, provincial, and municipal stations offer more than 2,000 channels; the Central Propaganda Department lists subjects that are off limits to domestic broadcast media with the government maintaining authority to approve all programming; foreign-made TV programs must be approved prior to broadcast" + "text": "all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the Communist Party of China or a government agency; no privately owned TV or radio stations; state-run Chinese Central TV, provincial, and municipal stations offer more than 2,000 channels; the Centra" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cn" @@ -963,7 +949,7 @@ "text": "22 (Hong Kong 18, Indonesia 2, Japan 2)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "1,559 (Bangladesh 1, Belize 61, Cambodia 177, Comoros 1, Cyprus 6, Georgia 10, Honduras 2, Hong Kong 500, India 1, Indonesia 1, Kiribati 26, Liberia 4, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 14, North Korea 3, Panama 534, Philippines 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 65, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Sierra Leone 19, Singapore 29, South Korea 6, Thailand 1, Togo 1, Tuvalu 4, UK 7, Vanuatu 1, unknown 73) (2010)" + "text": "1,559 (Bangladesh 1, Belize 61, Cambodia 177, Comoros 1, Cyprus 6, Georgia 10, Honduras 2, Hong Kong 500, India 1, Indonesia 1, Kiribati 26, Liberia 4, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 14, North Korea 3, Panama 534, Philippines 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincen (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -983,13 +969,13 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces, Navy (PLAN; includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (Zhongguo Renmin Jiefangjun Kongjun, PLAAF; includes Airborne Forces), and Second Artillery Corps (strategic missile force); People's Armed Police (Renmin Wuzhuang Jingcha Budui, PAP); PLA Reserve Force (2012)" + "text": "People's Liberation Army (PLA): Army, Navy (PLAN; includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (Zhongguo Renmin Jiefangjun Kongjun, PLAAF; includes airborne forces), Rocket Force (strategic missile force), and Strategic Support Force (space and cyber forces); People's Armed Police (Renmin Wuzhuang Jingcha Budui, PAP); PLA Reserve Force (2016)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-24 years of age for selective compulsory military service, with a 2-year service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-19 years of age for women high school graduates who meet requirements for specific military jobs; a recent military decision allows women in combat roles; the first class of women warship commanders was in 2011 (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "1.99% of GDP (2012) ++ 2% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.99% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2015) ++ 2% of GDP (2014) ++ 2% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.99% of GDP (2012) ++ 2% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index e23945db..88452ec9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ "text": "Chinese 93.1%, Indonesian 1.9%, Filipino 1.9%, other 3% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Cantonese (official) 89.5%, English (official) 3.5%, Putonghua (Mandarin) 1.4%, other Chinese dialects 4%, other 1.6% (2011 est.)" + "text": "Cantonese (official) 89.5%, English (official) 3.5%, Mandarin (official) 1.4%, other Chinese dialects 4%, other 1.6% (2011 est.)" }, "Religions": { "text": "eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2015)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -296,10 +296,10 @@ "text": "none (special administrative region of China)" }, "National holiday": { - "text": "National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July 1997 is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day" + "text": "National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July (1997) is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution); note - since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law (2016)" + "text": "several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution); note - since 1990, the PRC National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure)" @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ "text": "Executive Council or ExCo appointed by the chief executive" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5-17 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2018); chief executive indirectly elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the Central People's Government for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); LEUNG Chun-ying [C.Y.LEUNG] elected chief executive on 25 March 2012 and took office on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in March 2017)" + "text": "president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5-17 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2018); chief executive indirectly elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the PRC Government for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); LEUNG Chun-ying [C.Y.LEUNG] elected chief executive on 25 March 2012 and took office on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in March 2017)" }, "election results": { "text": "LEUNG Chun-ying elected chief executive; Election Committee vote - LEUNG Chun-ying 689, Henry TANG 285, Albert HO 76" @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ "text": "last held on 4 September 2016; (next general election to be in September 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by block - pro-democracy 58.0%; pro-Beijing 42.0%; seats by block/party - pro-Beijing 40 (DAB 12, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 9); pro-democracy 30 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 6, PP-LSD 2, ALLinHK 2, Professional Commons 2, CP-PPI-HKRO 1, Labor, 1, Demosisto 1, Democracy Groundwork 1, NWSC 1, PTU 1, independent democrats 5)" + "text": "percent of vote by block - pro-democracy 36.0%; pro-Beijing 40.2%, localist 19.0%, other 4.8%; seats by block/party - pro-Beijing 40 (DAB 12, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 9); pro-democracy 23 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 6, PP-LSD 2, Professional Commons 2, Labor 1, NWSC 1, PTU 1, other democrats 3), localists 6 (ALLin HK 2, CP-PPI-HKRO 1, Demosisto 1, Democracy Groundwork 1, other localist 1), non-aligned independent 1; note - 2 localists were barred from taking office" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -354,13 +354,13 @@ }, "Political parties and leaders": { "parties": { - "text": " ++ ALLinHK (alliance of 6 localist groups) ++ Business and Professional Alliance or BPA [Andrew LEUNG Kwan-yuen] ++ Civic Party [Audrey EU] ++ Civic Passion or CP [CHENG Chung-tai] (part of Civic Passion-Proletariat Political Institute-Hong Kong Resurgence Order alliance or CP-PPI-HKRO that dissolved after the 2016 election) ++ Democracy Groundwork [LAU Siu-lai] ++ Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [Starry LEE Wai-king] ++ Democratic Party [Emily LAU] ++ Demosisto [Nathan LAW] ++ Federation of Trade Unions or FTU [Stanley NG Chau-pei] ++ Labor Party [Suzanne WU Shui-shan] ++ League of Social Democrats or LSD [Avery NG Man-yuen] ++ Liberal Party [Felix CHUNG Kwok-pan] ++ Neighborhood and Workers Service Center or NWSC [LEUNG Yui-chung] ++ New People's Party or NPP [Regina IP Lau Su-yee] ++ People Power or PP [Erica YUEN Mi-ming]" + "text": " ++ ALLinHK (alliance of 6 localist groups) ++ Business and Professional Alliance or BPA [Andrew LEUNG Kwan-yuen] ++ Civic Party [Alan LEONG Kah-kit] ++ Civic Passion or CP [CHENG Chung-tai] (part of Civic Passion-Proletariat Political Institute-Hong Kong Resurgence Order alliance or CP-PPI-HKRO that dissolved after the 2016 election) ++ Democracy Groundwork [LAU Siu-lai] ++ Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [Starry LEE Wai-king] ++ Democratic Party [WU Chi-wai] ++ Demosisto [Nathan LAW] ++ Federation of Trade Unions or FTU [Stanley NG Chau-pei] ++ Labor Party [Suzanne WU Shui-shan] ++ League of Social Democrats or LSD [Avery NG Man-yuen] ++ Liberal Party [Felix CHUNG Kwok-pan] ++ Neighborhood and Workers Service Center or NWSC [LEUNG Yui-chung] ++ New People's Party or NPP [Regina IP Lau Su-yee] ++ People Power or PP [Erica YUEN Mi-ming] ++ Youngspiration [Sixtus \"Baggio\" LEUNG Chung-hang]" }, "others": { "text": " ++ Professional Commons (think tank) [Charles Peter MOK] ++ Professional Teachers Union or PTU" }, "note": { - "text": "political blocks include: pro-democracy - ALLinHK, Civic Party, Civic Passion, Democracy Groundwork, Democratic Party, Demosisto, Labor Party, LSD, PP, Professional Commons; pro-Beijing - DAB, FTU, Liberal Party, NPP, BPA; there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies" + "text": "political blocks include: pro-democracy - Civic Party, Democratic Party, Labor Party, LSD, NWSC, PP, Professional Commons, PTU; pro-Beijing - DAB, FTU, Liberal Party, NPP, BPA; localist - ALLinHK, CP, Democracy Groundwork, Demosisto; there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Consul General Clifford A. HART Jr. (since 30 July 2013); note - also accredited to Macau" + "text": "Consul General Kurt W. TONG (since 27 August 2016); note - also accredited to Macau" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "26 Garden Road, Hong Kong" @@ -421,44 +421,44 @@ "text": "Hong Kong has a free market economy, highly dependent on international trade and finance - the value of goods and services trade, including the sizable share of re-exports, is about four times GDP. Hong Kong has no tariffs on imported goods, and it levies excise duties on only four commodities, whether imported or produced locally: hard alcohol, tobacco, hydrocarbon oil, and methyl alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws. Hong Kong continues to link its currency closely to the US dollar, maintaining an arrangement established in 1983. ++ ++ Hong Kong's open economy left it exposed to the global economic slowdown that began in 2008. Although increasing integration with China through trade, tourism, and financial links helped it to make an initial recovery more quickly than many observers anticipated, its continued reliance on foreign trade and investment leaves it vulnerable to renewed global financial market volatility or a slowdown in the global economy. ++ ++ The Hong Kong Government is promoting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) as the site for Chinese renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Hong Kong residents are allowed to establish RMB-denominated savings accounts; RMB-denominated corporate and Chinese government bonds have been issued in Hong Kong; and RMB trade settlement is allowed. The territory far exceeded the RMB conversion quota set by Beijing for trade settlements in 2010 due to the growth of earnings from exports to the mainland. RMB deposits grew to roughly 9.4% of total system deposits in Hong Kong by the end of 2015. The government is pursuing efforts to introduce additional use of RMB in Hong Kong financial markets and is seeking to expand the RMB quota. ++ ++ The mainland has long been Hong Kong's largest trading partner, accounting for about half of Hong Kong's total trade by value. Hong Kong's natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. As a result of China's easing of travel restrictions, the number of mainland tourists to the territory has surged from 4.5 million in 2001 to 47.3 million in 2014, outnumbering visitors from all other countries combined. Mainland visitors to Hong Kong declined 3% in 2015 to approximately 45.7 million, reflecting an overall drop of 2.5% in total visitors to Hong Kong. Hong Kong has also established itself as the premier stock market for Chinese firms seeking to list abroad. In 2015, mainland Chinese companies constituted about 51% of the firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and accounted for about 62.1% of the Exchange's market capitalization. During the past decade, as Hong Kong's manufacturing industry moved to the mainland, its service industry has grown rapidly. In 2014, Hong Kong and China signed a new agreement on achieving basic liberalization of trade in services in Guangdong Province under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement, adopted in 2003 to forge closer ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. The new measures, effective from March 2015, cover a negative list and a most-favored treatment provision, and will improve access to the mainland's service sector for Hong Kong-based companies. ++ ++ Credit expansion and a tight housing supply have caused Hong Kong property prices to rise rapidly; consumer prices increased 4.4% in 2014, but slowed to 2.9% in 2015. Lower- and middle-income segments of the population are increasingly unable to afford adequate housing. ++ ++ Hong Kong’s economic integration with the mainland continues to be most evident in the banking and finance sector. Initiatives like the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, the Mutual Recognition of Funds, and The Hong Kong Shanghai Gold Connect are all important steps towards opening up the Mainland’s capital markets and has reinforced Hong Kong’s leading role as China’s offshore RMB market. Additional connect schemes from bonds to commodities and other investment products are also under exploration by Hong Kong authorities." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$414.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $405 billion (2014 est.) ++ $394.6 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$427.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $421.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $411.3 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$309.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$316.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (2014 est.) ++ 3.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$56,700 (2015 est.) ++ $55,700 (2014 est.) ++ $54,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$58,100 (2016 est.) ++ $57,600 (2015 est.) ++ $56,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "24.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "66.3%" + "text": "66.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "9.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.7%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1%" + "text": "-0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "201.6%" + "text": "192.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-199.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-189.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -466,10 +466,10 @@ "text": "0.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "7.1%" + "text": "7.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "92.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "92.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -479,10 +479,10 @@ "text": "textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.926 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.911 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "manufacturing": { @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2016 est.) ++ 3.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.6% (2012 est.)" @@ -526,50 +526,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$66.06 billion" + "text": "$59.09 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$56.47 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$59.07 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "37% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 39.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "38.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 37% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.5% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.5% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$254.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $220.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$270.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $254.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.576 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.42 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$655.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $687.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$601 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $655.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$3.082 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.814 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.248 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$3.185 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.233 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.101 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$9.395 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.787 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.895 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.631 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$505.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $515.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$487.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $505.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, footwear, watches and clocks, toys, plastics, precious stones, printed material" @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "China 53.7%, US 9.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$528.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $548.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$509.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $528.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is reexported)" @@ -587,27 +587,22 @@ "text": "China 49%, Japan 6.4%, Singapore 6.1%, US 5.2%, South Korea 4.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$358.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $328.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$342.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $358.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$491.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $460.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$446 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $491.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.744 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.639 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.891 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.744 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.657 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.594 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.766 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.657 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - ++ 7.7524 (2015 est.) ++ 7.755 (2014 est.) ++ 7.754 (2013 est.) ++ 7.756 (2012 est.) ++ 7.784 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - ++ 7.779 (2016 est.) ++ 7.752 (2015 est.) ++ 7.752 (2014 est.) ++ 7.754 (2013 est.) ++ 7.756 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "38 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -775,7 +770,7 @@ "text": "976 (Bangladesh 1, Belgium 26, Bermuda 20, Canada 77, China 500, Cyprus 3, Denmark 42, France 4, Germany 10, Greece 27, Indonesia 10, Iran 3, Japan 79, Libya 1, Norway 48, Russia 1, Singapore 13, South Korea 3, Switzerland 5, Taiwan 25, UAE 1, UK 33, US 44)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "341 (Bahamas 3, Bermuda 4, Cambodia 10, China 18, Curacao 1, Cyprus 2, Georgia 3, India 2, Kiribati 2, Liberia 48, Malaysia 8, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 3, NZ 1, Panama 144, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Seychelles 1, Sierra Leone 7, Singapore 46, Thailand 1, UK 12, unknown 16) (2010)" + "text": "341 (Bahamas 3, Bermuda 4, Cambodia 10, China 18, Curacao 1, Cyprus 2, Georgia 3, India 2, Kiribati 2, Liberia 48, Malaysia 8, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 3, NZ 1, Panama 144, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Seychelles 1, Sierra Leone 7, Singapore 46, Thail (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -786,7 +781,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "no regular indigenous military forces; Hong Kong garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes elements of the PLA Ground Forces, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force; these forces are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Guangzhou Military Region (2012)" + "text": "no regular indigenous military forces; Hong Kong garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes elements of the PLA Army, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force; these forces are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Southern Command (2016)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of China" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 232b1008..10b9d81a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ } }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "archipelago of 17,508 islands, some 6,000 of which are inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands); straddles the equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon" + "text": "according to Indonesia's National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping, the total number of islands in the archipelago is 13,466, of which 922 are permanently inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands); the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -547,55 +547,55 @@ "text": "Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to less than 25% today. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. ++ ++ Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.842 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.712 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $2.582 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.028 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.885 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.753 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$859 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$941 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,100 (2015 est.) ++ $10,800 (2014 est.) ++ $10,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,700 (2016 est.) ++ $11,300 (2015 est.) ++ $10,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "32.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 30.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "32.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 32.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "57%" + "text": "56.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "9.7%" + "text": "9.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "33.2%" + "text": "33%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "1.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "17.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-20.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-17.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "14%" + "text": "13.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "41.3%" + "text": "40.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "44.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "46% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -605,10 +605,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "122.4 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "123.7 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "11.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -640,26 +640,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$112.6 billion" + "text": "$128.7 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$134.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$151.4 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.4% (2015 est.) ++ 6.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 6.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.37% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.46% (31 December 2009)", @@ -668,28 +668,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.66% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.61% (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "12.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.66% (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans" } }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$76.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $75.74 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$86.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $76.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$348.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $305.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$354.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $360.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$403.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $354.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$396.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $390.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $360.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$353.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $422.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $346.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$17.76 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$27.52 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$21.28 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$17.65 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$148.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $175.3 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$136.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $148.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts" @@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ "text": "Japan 12%, US 10.8%, China 10%, Singapore 8.4%, India 7.8%, South Korea 5.1%, Malaysia 5.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$135.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $168.3 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$121.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $135.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs" @@ -707,36 +707,22 @@ "text": "China 20.6%, Singapore 12.6%, Japan 9.3%, Malaysia 6%, South Korea 5.9%, Thailand 5.7%, US 5.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$105.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $111.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$106.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $105.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$316 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $293.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$344.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $316 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$271.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $253.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$292.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $271.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$33.32 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $24.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$42.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $33.32 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - ++ 13,389.4 (2015 est.) ++ 11,865.2 (2014 est.) ++ 11,865.2 (2013 est.) ++ 9,386.63 (2012 est.) ++ 8,770.43 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - ++ 13,483 (2016 est.) ++ 13,389.4 (2015 est.) ++ 13,389.4 (2014 est.) ++ 11,865.2 (2013 est.) ++ 9,386.63 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "48,700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "81%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "94%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "66% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "216 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -836,7 +822,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks, as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2008)" + "text": "mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operat (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".id" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 114e26fa..2b11773d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -501,29 +501,29 @@ "text": "Over the past 70 years, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) have helped Japan develop an advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-World War II economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. ++ ++ Scarce in many natural resources, Japan has long been dependent on imported raw materials. Since the complete shutdown of Japan’s nuclear reactors after the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011, Japan's industrial sector has become even more dependent than before on imported fossil fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. ++ ++ For three decades, overall real economic growth had been impressive - a 10% average in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and 4% in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the aftereffects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s, after which it took a considerable time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession four times since 2008. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunami in March of that year disrupted economic activity. The economy has largely recovered in the five years since the disaster, although output in the affected areas continues to lag behind the national average. ++ ++ Japan enjoyed a sharp uptick in growth in 2013 on the basis of Prime Minister Shinzo ABE’s “Three Arrows” economic revitalization agenda - dubbed “Abenomics” - of monetary easing, “flexible” fiscal policy, and structural reform. In 2015, ABE revised his “Three Arrows” to raise nominal GDP by 20% to 600 trillion yen by 2020, stem population decline by raising the fertility rate, and provide more support for workers with children and aging relatives. ABE’s government has replaced the preceding administration’s plan to phase out nuclear power with a new policy of seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards, and emphasizing nuclear energy’s importance as a base-load electricity source. Japan successfully restarted two nuclear reactors at the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima prefecture. In October 2015, Japan and 11 trading partners reached agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a pact that promises to open Japan's economy to increased foreign competition and create new export opportunities for Japanese businesses. ++ ++ Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2015 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after first-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. While seeking to stimulate and reform the economy, the government must also devise a strategy for reining in Japan's huge government debt, which amounts to more than 230% of GDP. To help raise government revenue, Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate to 10% by 2015, beginning with a hike from 5% to 8%, implemented in April 2014. That increase had a contractionary effect on GDP, however, so PM ABE in late 2014 decided to postpone the final phase of the increase until April 2017 to give the economy more time to recover. Led by the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing, Japan is making progress in ending deflation, but demographic decline – a low birthrate and an aging, shrinking population – poses a major long-term challenge for the economy." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$4.83 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $4.807 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $4.809 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4.932 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $4.907 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $4.881 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.123 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.73 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0% (2014 est.) ++ 1.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$38,100 (2015 est.) ++ $37,800 (2014 est.) ++ $37,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$38,900 (2016 est.) ++ $38,600 (2015 est.) ++ $38,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 22.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "58.6%" + "text": "58.3%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "20.4%" @@ -532,13 +532,13 @@ "text": "21.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.3%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "17.9%" + "text": "16.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-18.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-16.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -546,10 +546,10 @@ "text": "1.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.5%" + "text": "27.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "71.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "71.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -559,10 +559,10 @@ "text": "among world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "65.98 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "65.93 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -594,50 +594,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.48 trillion" + "text": "$1.696 trillion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.704 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.931 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "35.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "230% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 227.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "234.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 230% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.3% (31 December 2015) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "1.48% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 1.48% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 1.48% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.131 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.896 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.314 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.131 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$8.073 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.035 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$9.156 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.542 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$11.09 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.92 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.27 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.09 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$4.782 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.584 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.715 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$4.895 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.378 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.543 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$137.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$176.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $135.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$622 billion (2015 est.) ++ $699.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$641.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $622 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "motor vehicles 14.9%; iron and steel products 5.4%; semiconductors 5%; auto parts 4.8%; power generating machinery 3.5%; plastic materials 3.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "US 20.2%, China 17.5%, South Korea 7.1%, Hong Kong 5.6%, Thailand 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$627.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $799 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$629.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $627.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum 16.1%; liquid natural gas 9.1%; clothing 3.8%; semiconductors 3.3%; coal 2.4%; audio and visual apparatus 1.4% (2014 est.)" @@ -658,24 +658,19 @@ "text": "$1.233 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.261 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.18 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $4.026 trillion (31 December 2012)" + "text": "$3.24 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $2.83 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$202.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $196.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$204.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $202.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.258 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.177 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.418 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.258 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "yen (JPY) per US dollar - ++ 121.02 (2015 est.) ++ 105.86 (2014 est.) ++ 97.44 (2013 est.) ++ 79.79 (2012 est.) ++ 79.81 (2011 est.)" + "text": "yen (JPY) per US dollar - ++ 107.1 (2016 est.) ++ 121.02 (2015 est.) ++ 121.02 (2014 est.) ++ 97.44 (2013 est.) ++ 79.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "980 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -771,11 +766,11 @@ "text": "high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 81; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions), and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT (2012)" + "text": "country code - 81; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian (2012)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2012)" + "text": "a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provid (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".jp" @@ -883,7 +878,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 168, cargo 34, carrier 3, chemical tanker 29, container 2, liquefied gas 58, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 117, petroleum tanker 152, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 52, vehicle carrier 54" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "3,122 (Bahamas 88, Bermuda 2, Burma 1, Cambodia 1, Cayman Islands 23, China 2, Cyprus 16, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 79, Indonesia 8, Isle of Man 19, Liberia 110, Luxembourg 3, Malaysia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 59, Mongolia 2, Netherlands 1, Panama 2372, Philippines 77, Portugal 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Sierra Leone 4, Singapore 164, South Korea 14, Tanzania 1, UK 5, Vanuatu 39, unknown 7) (2010)" + "text": "3,122 (Bahamas 88, Bermuda 2, Burma 1, Cambodia 1, Cayman Islands 23, China 2, Cyprus 16, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 79, Indonesia 8, Isle of Man 19, Liberia 110, Luxembourg 3, Malaysia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 59, Mongolia 2, Netherlands 1, Panama 2372, Philipp (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 0029d2c1..0be1f148 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. Five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored communist control. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed Republic of Korea (ROK) in the southern portion by force, North Korea (DPRK), under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic \"self-reliance\" as a check against outside influence. The DPRK demonized the US as the ultimate threat to its social system through state-funded propaganda, and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM Il Sung's son, KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as his father's successor in 1980, assuming a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994. KIM Jong Un was publicly unveiled as his father's successor in 2010. Following KIM Jong Il's death in 2011, KIM Jong Un quickly assumed power and has now taken on most of his father's former titles and duties. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has relied heavily on international aid to feed its population. The DPRK began to ease restrictions to allow semi-private markets, starting in 2002, but then sought to roll back the scale of economic reforms in 2005 and 2009. North Korea's history of regional military provocations; proliferation of military-related items; long-range missile development; WMD programs including tests of nuclear devices in 2006, 2009, 2013, and 2016; and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community. The regime in 2013 announced a new policy calling for the simultaneous development of its nuclear weapons program and its economy." + "text": "An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. Five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored communist control. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed Republic of Korea (ROK) in the southern portion by force, North Korea (DPRK), under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic \"self-reliance\" as a check against outside influence. The DPRK demonized the US as the ultimate threat to its social system through state-funded propaganda, and molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM Il Sung's son, KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as his father's successor in 1980, assuming a growing political and managerial role until the elder KIM's death in 1994. KIM Jong Un was publicly unveiled as his father's successor in 2010. ++ Following KIM Jong Il's death in 2011, KIM Jong Un quickly assumed power and has now taken on most of his father's former titles and duties. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the DPRK since the mid-1990s has faced chronic food shortages. In recent years, the North’s domestic agricultural production has increased, but still falls far short of producing sufficient food to provide for its entire population. The DPRK began to ease restrictions to allow semi-private markets, starting in 2002, but has made few other efforts to meet its goal of improving the overall standard of living. North Korea's history of regional military provocations; proliferation of military-related items; long-range missile development; WMD programs including tests of nuclear devices in 2006, 2009, 2013, and 2016; and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community and have limited the DPRK’s international engagement, particularly economically. The regime abides by a policy calling for the simultaneous development of its nuclear weapons program and its economy." } }, "Geography": { @@ -349,13 +349,13 @@ "Administrative divisions": { "text": "9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 2 municipalities (si, singular and plural)", "provinces": { - "text": "Chagang-do (Chagang), Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae), Kangwon-do (Kangwon), P'yongan-bukto (North Pyongan), P'yongan-namdo (South Pyongan), Yanggang-do (Yanggang)" + "text": "Chagang, Hambuk (North Hamgyong), Hamnam (South Hamgyong), Hwangbuk (North Hwanghae), Hwangnam (South Hwanghae), Kangwon, P'yongbuk (North Pyongan), P'yongnam (South Pyongan), Ranggang" }, "cities": { - "text": "Nason-si, P'yongyang-si (Pyongyang)" + "text": "P'yongyang, Rason" }, "note": { - "text": "Nason-si is sometimes designated as a special city and P'yongyang-si as a capital city" + "text": "Rason is sometimes designated as a special city and P'yongyang as a capital city" } }, "Independence": { @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "text": "$40 billion (2014 est.) ++ $40 billion (2013 est.) ++ $40 billion (2012 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars; ++ North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2011 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion." + "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars; ++ North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was ex" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -517,13 +517,13 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "25.2%" + "text": "25.1%" }, "industry": { "text": "40.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "33.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "33.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ "text": "military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "14 million", @@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ "text": "NA%" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.152 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.366 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.152 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.152 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), textiles, agricultural and fishery products" @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ "text": "China 75.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.819 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.586 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.819 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.819 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, grain" @@ -608,24 +608,10 @@ "text": "$5 billion (2013 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "North Korean won (KPW) per US dollar (average market rate) ++ 129.9 (2015 est.) ++ 98.74 (2014 est.) ++ 98.5 (2013 est.) ++ 155.5 (2012 est.) ++ 140 (2011 est.)" + "text": "North Korean won (KPW) per US dollar (average market rate) ++ 135 (2015 est.) ++ 129.9 (2014 est.) ++ 98.5 (2013 est.) ++ 155.5 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "18,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "30%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "41%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "13% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "17 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -718,14 +704,14 @@ "text": "adequate system; nationwide fiber-optic network; mobile-cellular service expanding beyond Pyongyang" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fiber-optic links installed down to the county level; telephone directories unavailable; Orascom Telecom Holding, an Egyptian company that launched mobile service in late 2008 for the Pyongyang area and made considerable progress in expanding to other parts of the country, had lost control of its operations by the end of 2015" + "text": "fiber-optic links installed down to the county level; telephone directories unavailable; Orascom Telecom Holding, an Egyptian company that launched mobile service in late 2008 for the Pyongyang area and made considerable progress in expanding to other par" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Russian - Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "no independent media; radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations; 4 government-owned TV stations; the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea operates an external broadcast service; the government prohibits listening to and jams foreign broadcasts (2008)" + "text": "no independent media; radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations; 4 government-owned TV stations; the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea operates an external broadcast (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".kp" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 80d680c2..52250d9a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. In 1910, Tokyo formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the US in 1945. After World War II, a democratic-based government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a communist-style government was installed in the north (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a DPRK invasion supported by China and the Soviet Union. A 1953 armistice split the Peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. PARK Chung-hee took over leadership of the country in a 1961 coup. During his regime, from 1961 to 1979, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea. South Korea held its first free presidential election under a revised democratic constitution in 1987, with former ROK Army general ROH Tae-woo winning a close race. In 1993, KIM Young-sam (1993-98) became the first civilian president of South Korea's new democratic era. President KIM Dae-jung (1998-2003) won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his contributions to South Korean democracy and his \"Sunshine\" policy of engagement with North Korea. President PARK Geun-hye, daughter of former ROK President PARK Chung-hee, took office in February 2013 and is South Korea's first female leader. South Korea held a non-permanent seat (2013-14) on the UN Security Council and will host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Discord with North Korea has permeated inter-Korean relations for much of the past decade, highlighted by the North's attacks on a South Korean ship and island in 2010, multiple nuclear and missile tests, and the exchange of artillery fire across the DMZ." + "text": "An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. In 1910, Tokyo formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the US in 1945. After World War II, a democratic-based government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a communist-style government was installed in the north (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside ROK soldiers to defend South Korea from a DPRK invasion supported by China and the Soviet Union. A 1953 armistice split the Peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. PARK Chung-hee took over leadership of the country in a 1961 coup. During his regime, from 1961 to 1979, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea. ++ South Korea held its first free presidential election under a revised democratic constitution in 1987, with former ROK Army general ROH Tae-woo winning a close race. In 1993, KIM Young-sam (1993-98) became the first civilian president of South Korea's new democratic era. President KIM Dae-jung (1998-2003) won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his contributions to South Korean democracy and his \"Sunshine\" policy of engagement with North Korea. President PARK Geun-hye, daughter of former ROK President PARK Chung-hee, took office in February 2013 as South Korea's first female leader. In December 2016, the National Assembly passed an impeachment motion against President PARK over her alleged involvement in a corruption and influence-peddling scandal, immediately suspending her presidential authorities and establishing Prime Minister HWANG Kyo-ahn as Acting President. The Constitutional Court is currently adjudicating the impeachment case. South Korea will host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Discord with North Korea has permeated inter-Korean relations for much of the past decade, highlighted by the North's attacks on a South Korean ship and island in 2010, the exchange of artillery fire across the DMZ, and multiple nuclear and missile tests in 2016." } }, "Geography": { @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ "text": "ROK" }, "etymology": { - "text": "derived from the Chinese name for Goryeo, which was the Korean dynasty that united the peninsula in the 10th century A.D.; the South Korean name \"Han'guk\" means \"land of the Han,\" where \"han\" refers to a \"great [leader]\" (similar to the title \"khan\")" + "text": "derived from the Chinese name for Goryeo, which was the Korean dynasty that united the peninsula in the 10th century A.D.; the South Korean name \"Han'guk\" means \"land of the Han,\" where \"han\" may have its origins in the native root for \"great [leader]\" (similar to the title \"khan\")" } }, "Government type": { @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President PARK Geun-hye (since 25 February 2013)" + "text": "Acting President HWANG Kyo-ahn (since 9 December 2016); note - President PARK Geun-hye (since 25 February 2013) was impeached by the National Assembly on 9 December 2016 and awaits the final decision of the Constitutional Court" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister HWANG Kyo-ahn (since 18 June 2015); Deputy Prime Ministers YOO Il-ho (since 13 January 2016), LEE Joon-sik (since 13 January 2016)" @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ "text": "State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 5-year term; election last held on 19 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2017); prime minister appointed by president, approved by National Assembly" + "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 5-year term; election last held on 19 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2017); prime minister appointed by president with consent of National Assembly" }, "election results": { "text": "PARK Geun-Hye elected president; percent of vote - PARK Geun-Hye (NFP) 51.6%, MOON Jae-In (DUP) 48%, other 0.4%" @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ "text": "percent of vote by party - Saenuri 33.5%, PP 26.7%, MPK 25.5%, Justice Party 7.2%, other 7.1%; seats by party - MPK 123, Saenuri 122, PP 38, Justice Party 6, independent 11" }, "note": { - "text": "seats by party as of October 2016 - Saenuri 129, MPK 122, PP 38, Justice Party 6, independent 5" + "text": "seats by party as of December 2016 - DP 121, Saenuri 99, PP 38, New Conservative Party for Reform 30, Justice Party 6, independent 6; the tentatively named New Conservative Party for reform, which will be launched 24 January 2017" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Justice Party [SIM Sang-jeong] ++ Minjoo Party of Korea or MPK [CHOO Mi-ae] (formerly New Politics Alliance for Democracy or NPAD) [KIM Jong-in] (NPAD was a merger of the Democratic Party or DP (formerly DUP) [KIM Han-gil] and the New Political Vision Party or NPVP [AHN Cheol-soo] in March 2014) ++ New Frontier Party (NFP) or Saenuri (formerly Grand National Party) [LEE Jung-hyun] ++ People's Party or PP [AHN Cheol-soo and CHUN Jung-bae]" + "text": "Democratic Party or DP [CHOO Mi-ae] (renamed from Minjoo Party of Korea or MPK in October 2016; formerly New Politics Alliance for Democracy or NPAD, which was a merger of the Democratic Party or DP (formerly DUP) [KIM Han-gil] and the New Political Vision Party or NPVP [AHN Cheol-soo] in March 2014) ++ Justice Party [SIM Sang-jeong] ++ New Conservative Party for Reform [Joo Ho-young] (tentatively named new party to be launched 24 January 2017) ++ New Frontier Party (NFP) or Saenuri (formerly Grand National Party) [In Myung-jin, interim leader] ++ People's Party or PP [KIM Dong-cheol, interim leader]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Catholic Priests' Association for Justice ++ Christian Council of Korea ++ Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice ++ Federation of Korean Industries ++ Federation of Korean Trade Unions ++ Korean Confederation of Trade Unions ++ Korean Veterans' Association ++ Lawyers for a Democratic Society ++ National Council of Churches in Korea ++ People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy" @@ -507,44 +507,44 @@ "text": "South Korea over the past four decades has demonstrated incredible economic growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion-dollar club of world economies. ++ ++ A system of close government and business ties, including directed credit and import restrictions, initially made this success possible. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. ++ ++ The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model, including high debt/equity ratios and massive short-term foreign borrowing. GDP plunged by 7% in 1998, and then recovered by 9% in 1999-2000. South Korea adopted numerous economic reforms following the crisis, including greater openness to foreign investment and imports. Growth moderated to about 4% annually between 2003 and 2007. ++ ++ South Korea's export focused economy was hit hard by the 2008 global economic downturn, but quickly rebounded in subsequent years, reaching over 6% growth in 2010. The US-Korea Free Trade Agreement was ratified by both governments in 2011 and went into effect in March 2012. Between 2012 and 2015, the economy experienced slow growth – 2%-3% per year - due to sluggish domestic consumption and investment. The administration in 2015 faced the challenge of balancing heavy reliance on exports with developing domestic-oriented sectors, such as services. ++ ++ The South Korean economy's long-term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, dominance of large conglomerates (chaebols), and the heavy reliance on exports, which comprise about half of GDP. In an effort to address the long term challenges and sustain economic growth, the current government has prioritized structural reforms, deregulation, promotion of entrepreneurship and creative industries, and the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized enterprises." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.849 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.802 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.744 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.929 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.878 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.83 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.377 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.404 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.) ++ 2.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$36,500 (2015 est.) ++ $35,700 (2014 est.) ++ $34,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37,900 (2016 est.) ++ $37,100 (2015 est.) ++ $36,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "36.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 35.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "36.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 36.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "49.5%" + "text": "49%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15.2%" + "text": "15.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "29.1%" + "text": "29.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.7%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.9%" + "text": "43.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-38.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-37% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -552,10 +552,10 @@ "text": "2.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "38%" + "text": "37.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "59.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "60.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -565,10 +565,10 @@ "text": "electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "26.91 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.25 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.6% (2013 est.)" @@ -600,50 +600,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$299.9 billion" + "text": "$304.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$300.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$321.4 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "44.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 43.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "46.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 44.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.7% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.5% (31 December 2015) ++ 2% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.53% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.26% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.53% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$604.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $532.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$733.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $604.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.973 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.754 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.093 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.917 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.427 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.406 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.641 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.427 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.263 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.269 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.193 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.231 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.213 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.235 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$105.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $84.37 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$101.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $105.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$548.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $613 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$509 billion (2016 est.) ++ $548.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "semiconductors, petrochemicals, automobile/auto parts, ships, wireless communication equipment, flat display displays, steel, electronics, plastics, computers" @@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ "text": "China 26%, US 13.3%, Hong Kong 5.8%, Vietnam 5.3%, Japan 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$428.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $524.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$405.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $428.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil/petroleum products, semiconductors, natural gas, coal, steel, computers, wireless communication equipment, automobiles, fine chemical, textiles" @@ -661,27 +661,22 @@ "text": "China 20.7%, Japan 10.5%, US 10.1%, Germany 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$367.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $363.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$372.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $367.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$381.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $407 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$385.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $381.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$174.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $179.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$179.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $174.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$286.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $259.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$318 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $286.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar - ++ 1,130.95 (2015 est.) ++ 1,052.84 (2014 est.) ++ 1,052.96 (2013 est.) ++ 1,126.47 (2012 est.) ++ 1,108.29 (2011 est.)" + "text": "South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar - ++ 1,167.6 (2016 est.) ++ 1,130.95 (2015 est.) ++ 1,130.95 (2014 est.) ++ 1,052.96 (2013 est.) ++ 1,126.47 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "513 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -781,7 +776,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "multiple national TV networks with 2 of the 3 largest networks publicly operated; the largest privately owned network, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with other commercial TV networks; cable and satellite TV subscription services available; publicly operated radio broadcast networks and many privately owned radio broadcasting networks, each with multiple affiliates, and independent local stations (2010)" + "text": "multiple national TV networks with 2 of the 3 largest networks publicly operated; the largest privately owned network, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with other commercial TV networks; cable and satellite TV subscription services available; pu (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".kr" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index b6526a00..1a3068c4 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ "text": "26.5% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ "text": "Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao" }, "local short form": { - "text": "Pathet Lao (unofficial)" + "text": "Mueang Lao (unofficial)" }, "etymology": { "text": "name means \"Land of the Lao [people]\"" @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador David A. CLUNE (since 16 September 2013)" + "text": "Ambassador Rena BITTER (since 2 November 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Thadeua Road, Kilometer 9, Ban Somvang Tai, Hatsayfong District, Vientiane" @@ -494,55 +494,55 @@ "text": "The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. Economic growth averaged 6% per year from 1988-2008 except during the short-lived drop caused by the Asian financial crisis that began in 1997. Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia and averaged nearly 8% per year for the last decade. ++ ++ Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 25% of GDP and 73% of total employment. ++ ++ Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. ++ ++ Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. Laos began a one-year chairmanship of ASEAN in January 2016. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a small labor pool remains an impediment to investment. Laos also has ongoing problems with the business environment, including onerous registration requirements, a gap between legislation and implementation, and unclear or conflicting regulations." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$37.32 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.88 billion (2014 est.) ++ $32.47 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$40.96 billion (2016 est.) ++ $38.11 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.43 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$13.76 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% (2014 est.) ++ 8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.5% (2016 est.) ++ 7.6% (2015 est.) ++ 7.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,300 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,700 (2016 est.) ++ $5,400 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "25% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "63.7%" + "text": "62.6%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "14.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "31.3%" + "text": "33.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.8%" + "text": "1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "43.6%" + "text": "47.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-53.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-58% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "22.2%" + "text": "21.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "32.4%" + "text": "32.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "38.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "39.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -552,10 +552,10 @@ "text": "mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.438 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -587,50 +587,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.799 billion" + "text": "$2.882 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.446 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.822 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "20.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "61.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 60.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "61.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 61.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.3% (31 December 2010) ++ 4% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "18.2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 19.2% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "16.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 18.2% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.132 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.149 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.161 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.132 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$6.509 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.461 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.782 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.196 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$7.231 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.135 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.231 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$1.012 billion (2012 est.) ++ $576.8 million (2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.905 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.71 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.471 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.904 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.928 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.662 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.075 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.928 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "wood products, coffee, electricity, tin, copper, gold, cassava" @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ "text": "Thailand 30.4%, China 27%, Vietnam 17.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.058 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.271 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.936 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.058 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods" @@ -648,33 +648,19 @@ "text": "Thailand 60.9%, China 18.6%, Vietnam 7.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.058 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $889.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.024 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.058 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$10.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.98 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$15.14 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $12.44 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kips (LAK) per US dollar - ++ 8,147.9 (2015 est.) ++ 8,049 (2014 est.) ++ 8,049 (2013 est.) ++ 8,007.3 (2012 est.) ++ 8,035.1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "kips (LAK) per US dollar - ++ 8,190.2 (2016 est.) ++ 8,147.9 (2015 est.) ++ 8,147.9 (2014 est.) ++ 8,049 (2013 est.) ++ 8,007.3 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "87%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "82% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "16 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -774,7 +760,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "6 TV stations operating out of Vientiane - 3 government-operated and the others commercial; 17 provincial stations operating with nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the government-operated stations in Vientiane; Chinese and Vietnamese programming relayed via satellite from Lao National TV; broadcasts available from stations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range of foreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated Lao National Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 1 SW, and 3 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satellite constituting a large part of the programming schedules of the provincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in border areas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are also accessible (2012)" + "text": "6 TV stations operating out of Vientiane - 3 government-operated and the others commercial; 17 provincial stations operating with nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the government-operated stations in Vientiane; Chinese and Vietnamese progr (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".la" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 76ddd210..7149259e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ "text": "none (special administrative region of China)" }, "National holiday": { - "text": "National Day (anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day" + "text": "National Day (anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December (1999) is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day" }, "Constitution": { "text": "previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, under Portuguese authority); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as Macau's constitution); amended 2005, 2012 (2016)" @@ -382,38 +382,38 @@ "text": "Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, Macau has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming the territory into one of the world's largest gaming centers. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. In 2015, Macau's gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 76% of total government revenue. ++ ++ Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in 2010-13, largely on the back of tourism from mainland China and the gaming sectors. In 2015, this city of 646,800 hosted nearly 30.7 million visitors. Almost 67% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has slowed greatly since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. Services export — primarily gaming — increasingly has driven Macau’s economic performance. Mainland China’s ongoing anti-corruption campaign has brought Macau’s gambling boom to a halt, with spending in casinos contracting 34.3% in 2015. As a result, Macau's inflation-adjusted GDP contracted 20.3% from 2014, down from double-digit expansion rates in 2010-13. Non-inflation adjusted exports of goods and services dropped 1.8% from 2014, reflecting the slowdown in gaming exports. ++ ++ Macau continues to face the challenges of managing its growing casino industry, risks from money-laundering activities, and the need to diversify the economy away from heavy dependence on gaming revenues. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$65.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $82.09 billion (2014 est.) ++ $82.79 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$63.22 billion (2016 est.) ++ $66.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $83.33 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2013 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$46.18 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$44.07 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-20.3% (2015 est.) ++ -0.9% (2014 est.) ++ 11.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-4.7% (2016 est.) ++ -20.3% (2015 est.) ++ -0.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$98,200 (2015 est.) ++ $129,100 (2014 est.) ++ $136,200 (2013 est.)" + "text": "$96,100 (2016 est.) ++ $102,600 (2015 est.) ++ $131,000 (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "25.7%" + "text": "28.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "11%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.1%" + "text": "21%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "77.8%" + "text": "73.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-37.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-34.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -421,10 +421,10 @@ "text": "0%" }, "industry": { - "text": "10.2%" + "text": "11.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "89.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "88.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -434,10 +434,10 @@ "text": "tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "403,500 (2015 est.)" + "text": "400,000 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "manufacturing": { @@ -465,11 +465,11 @@ "text": "2.6%" }, "other services": { - "text": "20.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.3% (2013)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ 1.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -487,41 +487,41 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$13.16 billion" + "text": "$12.12 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$6.625 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$7.004 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "14.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "11.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.25% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.25% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.25% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$7.623 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.623 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$64.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $55.29 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$10.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $-147.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$85.5 billion (2 March 2012 est.) ++ $46.1 billion (31 February 2011 est.) ++ $2.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$12.11 billion (2015 est.) ++ $21.08 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.51 billion (2016 est.) ++ $12.92 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.137 billion (2013 est.) ++ $1.903 billion (2014 est.)", @@ -560,24 +560,10 @@ "text": "$1.166 billion (2012 est.) ++ $667.8 million (2011 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "patacas (MOP) per US dollar - ++ 7.985 (2015 est.) ++ 7.9871 (2014 est.) ++ 7.9871 (2013 est.) ++ 7.99 (2012 est.) ++ 8.0182 (2011 est.)" + "text": "patacas (MOP) per US dollar - ++ 8.01 (2016 est.) ++ 7.985 (2015 est.) ++ 7.985 (2014 est.) ++ 7.9871 (2013 est.) ++ 7.99 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "59,742" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "72% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "600 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -677,7 +663,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; 1 cable TV and 4 satellite TV services available; 3 radio stations broadcasting, of which 2 are government-operated (2015)" + "text": "local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; 1 cable TV and 4 satellite TV services available; 3 radio stations broadcasting, of w (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mo" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index df8c8040..e3669aeb 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing and a communist regime was installed in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today, more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful democratic revolution in 1990, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won most parliamentary elections and stayed in power either governing alone or in coalition. In 2009, current President ELBEGDORJ of the Democratic Party (DP) was elected to office and was re-elected for a second and final term in June 2013. In 2010, the MPRP voted to retake the name of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP), a name it used in the early 1920s. Shortly thereafter, a new party was formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. Following the 2012 parliamentary elections, a coalition of four political parties was formed but then dissolved in November 2014 when Prime Minister ALTANKHUYAG was voted out of office. A new five-party grand coalition was formed in December 2014 under the leadership of Prime Minister SAIKHANBILEG. The coalition had been expected to last until the next parliamentary elections in the summer of 2016. However, in August 2015, the grand coalition also dissolved, and Prime Minister SAIKHANBILEG took charge of a new governing coalition comprising three parties. Parliamentary elections are scheduled for 29 June 2016." + "text": "The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing and a communist regime was installed in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today, more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful democratic revolution in 1990, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP), the main opposition party, and several other smaller parties, including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In its most recent Parliamentary elections in June 2016, Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament, largely pushing out the DP, which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. President ELBEGDORJ, a DP member, will finish his second term as president in 2017, and is not eligible to run for reelection." } }, "Geography": { @@ -420,13 +420,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (76 seats; 48 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 28 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (76 seats; all members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 29 June 2016 (next to be held in June 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "MPRP 65, independent 9" + "text": "MPP 65, DP 9, MPRP 1, independent 1" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -508,55 +508,55 @@ "text": "Foreign direct investment in Mongolia's extractive industries – which are based on extensive deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten - has transformed Mongolia's landlocked economy from its traditional dependence on herding and agriculture. Exports now account for more than half of GDP. Mongolia depends on China for more than 60% of its external trade - China receives some 90% of Mongolia's exports and supplies Mongolia with more than one-third of its imports. Mongolia also relies on Russia for 90% of its energy supplies, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant. ++ ++ Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction, and natural disasters, as well as strong economic growth, because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes. ++ ++ Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008, Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine, among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However, a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI, and a slowing economy, leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014 and 2.3% in 2015. ++ ++ The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority, but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large drop off in foreign direct investment. Mongolia's economy faces near-term economic risks from the government's loose fiscal and monetary policies, from uncertainties in foreign demand for Mongolian exports, and on Mongolia's ability to access financing. The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 have served to increase investor confidence but are unlikely to overcome the downward economic pressures in the short term." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$36.07 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.26 billion (2014 est.) ++ $32.68 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$36.65 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36.64 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.79 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.74 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.16 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2015 est.) ++ 7.9% (2014 est.) ++ 11.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 7.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,100 (2015 est.) ++ $12,100 (2014 est.) ++ $11,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$12,200 (2016 est.) ++ $12,300 (2015 est.) ++ $12,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 27.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "58.8%" + "text": "57.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "12.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "19.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "8.3%" + "text": "7.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "44.9%" + "text": "40.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-37.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "14.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "34.1%" + "text": "35.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "8.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "1.164 million (2015 est.)" @@ -601,17 +601,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.994 billion" + "text": "$2.868 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.354 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.035 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "72% of GDP (31 September 2015 est.)" @@ -620,31 +620,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.8% (2015 est.) ++ 13% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) ++ 5.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { - "text": "12% (14 January 2016) ++ 13% (15 January 2015)" + "text": "12% (14 January 2016 ) ++ 13% (15 January 2015)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "19.56% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 19.03% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "19.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 19.56% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$844.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $963.5 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$935 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $844.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$5.036 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.648 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.822 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.035 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$8.048 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.786 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.354 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.048 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$632.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $766.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.095 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$567 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.405 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.241 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$567 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.619 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.774 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.319 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.619 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal, crude oil" @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ "text": "China 84%, Switzerland 9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.512 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.746 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.003 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.512 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, cigarettes and tobacco, appliances, soap and detergent" @@ -662,33 +662,19 @@ "text": "China 39.9%, Russia 28.4%, Japan 6.4%, South Korea 6.2% (2015)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$18.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.83 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$16.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.89 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$367.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $354.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$379.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $367.4 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar - ++ 1,970.3 (2016 est.) ++ 1,817.9 (2014 est.) ++ 1,817.9 (2013 est.) ++ 1,357.6 (2012 est.) ++ 1,265.5 (2011 est.)" + "text": "togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar - ++ 2,011 (2016 est.) ++ 1,970.3 (2015 est.) ++ 1,970.3 (2014 est.) ++ 1,817.9 (2013 est.) ++ 1,357.6 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "90%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "73% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "5.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -778,7 +764,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas; a fiber-optic network has been installed that is improving broadband and communication services between major urban centers with multiple companies providing inter-city fiber-optic cable services" + "text": "network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas; a fiber-optic network has been installed that is improving broadband and communication services between major urban centers with multiple companies providing inter-city fiber-" }, "domestic": { "text": "very low fixed-line teledensity; there are multiple mobile-cellular providers and subscribership is increasing" @@ -788,7 +774,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public broadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2008)" + "text": "following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio station (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mn" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index b7bffe66..a8640548 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's withdrawal in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (in office since April 2009) has continued these pro-business policies. Malaysia assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term." + "text": "During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula except Singapore formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore, as well as Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo, joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's independence were marred by a communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's withdrawal in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to the development of manufacturing, services, and tourism. Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (in office since April 2009) has continued these pro-business policies." } }, "Geography": { @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ "text": "12.9% (2006)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "5% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "King Tuanku ABDUL HALIM Mu'adzam Shah (selected on 13 December 2011; installed on 11 April 2012); the position of the king is primarily ceremonial but he is the final arbiter on the appointment of the prime minister" + "text": "King MUHAMMAD V (formerly known as Tuanku Muhammad Faris Petra) (selected on 14 October 2016; installed on 13 December 2016); the position of the king is primarily ceremonial but he is the final arbiter on the appointment of the prime minister" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Najib Razak (since 3 April 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad ZAHID Hamidi (since 29 July 2015)" @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ "text": "king elected by and from the hereditary rulers of 9 states for a 5-year term; election is on a rotational basis among rulers of the 9 states; election last held on 14 October 2016 (next to be held in 2021); prime minister designated from among members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader who commands support of the majority of members in the House becomes prime minister" }, "election results": { - "text": "MUHAMMAD V selected king on 14 October 2016 and will take office 13 December 2016; Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Najib Razak (UMNO) sworn in as prime minister for second term on 3 April 2009" + "text": "Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Najib Razak (UMNO) sworn in as prime minister for second term on 3 April 2009" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ "text": "House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - BN 47.4%, People's Alliance (DAP, PAS, PKR) 50.9%, other 1.7%; seats by party/coalition - BN 133, People's Alliance (DAP, PAS, PKR) 89" }, "note": { - "text": "seats by party/coalition as of October 2015 - BN 132, PH 72, PAS 14, PSM 1, TERAS 1, independent 2" + "text": "seats by party/coalition as of October 2016 - BN 132, PH 72 (DAP 37, PKR 28, AMANAH 6, PPBM 1), PAS 14, WARISAN 2, PSM 1, independent 1" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -453,10 +453,10 @@ "text": " ++ Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or GERAKAN [MAH Siew Keong] ++ Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [TEO Chee Kang] ++ Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [LIOW Tiong Lai] ++ Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SUBRAMANIAM] ++ Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP] ++ Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan] ++ Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Adenan SATEM] ++ Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING] ++ Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [TIONG King Sing] ++ Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [Dr. SIM Kui Hian] ++ United Malays National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak] ++ United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Wilfred Madius TANGAU] ++ People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M. Kayveas] ++ " }, "Coalition of Hope (Pakatan Harapan) or PH": { - "text": " ++ Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [TAN Kok Wai, Acting National Chairman] ++ National Trust Party (Parti Amanah Negara) or Amanah [Mohamad SABU] ++ People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail] ++ " + "text": " ++ Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [TAN Kok Wai, Acting National Chairman] ++ National Trust Party (Parti Amanah Negara) or Amanah [Mohamad SABU] ++ People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail] ++ Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia or PPBM [MAHATHIR Mohamad] ++ " }, "Other": { - "text": " ++ Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang] ++ Sarawak People's Energy Party or TERAS [William Mawan IKOM] ++ Socialist Party of Malaysia (Parti Sosialis Malaysia) or PSM [Mohd Nasir HASHIM]" + "text": " ++ Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang] ++ Sabah Heritage Party or WARISAN [Shafie APDAL] ++ Socialist Party of Malaysia (Parti Sosialis Malaysia) or PSM [Mohd Nasir HASHIM]" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { @@ -528,55 +528,55 @@ "text": "Malaysia, a middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Under current Prime Minister NAJIB, Malaysia is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to move farther up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in Islamic finance, high technology industries, biotechnology, and services. NAJIB's Economic Transformation Program is a series of projects and policy measures intended to accelerate the country's economic growth. The government has also taken steps to liberalize some services sub-sectors. Malaysia is vulnerable to a fall in world commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity. ++ ++ The NAJIB administration is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand and reduce the economy's dependence on exports. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics, oil and gas, palm oil, and rubber - remain a significant driver of the economy. Gross exports of goods and services constitute more than 80% of GDP. The oil and gas sector supplied about 29% of government revenue in 2014. As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has previously profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising cost of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel, combined with sustained budget deficits, has forced Kuala Lumpur to begin to address fiscal shortfalls, through initial reductions in energy and sugar subsidies and the announcement of the 2015 implementation of a 6% goods and services tax. Falling global oil prices in the second half of 2014 have strained government finances, shrunk Malaysia’s current account surplus and put downward pressure on the ringgit. The government is trying to lessen its dependence on state oil producer Petronas. ++ ++ Bank Negara Malaysia (the central bank) maintains healthy foreign exchange reserves; a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysia's exposure to riskier financial instruments and the global financial crisis. In order to attract increased investment, NAJIB raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but retreated in 2013 after he encountered significant opposition from Malay nationalists and other vested interests. In September 2013 NAJIB launched the new Bumiputra Economic Empowerment Program, policies that favor and advance the economic condition of ethnic Malays. ++ ++ Malaysia is a member of the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade agreement negotiations and, with the nine other ASEAN members, will form the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$815.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $777.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $733.2 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$863.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $828.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $789 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$296.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$302.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$26,300 (2015 est.) ++ $25,400 (2014 est.) ++ $24,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$27,200 (2016 est.) ++ $26,600 (2015 est.) ++ $25,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "28.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 29.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "27.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "54.1%" + "text": "55.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.1%" + "text": "12.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.2%" + "text": "26%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.1%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "70.9%" + "text": "66.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-63.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-60.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8.5%" + "text": "8.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "37.7%" + "text": "37.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "53.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "54% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -586,10 +586,10 @@ "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "14.52 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.77 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "3.8% (2009 est.)" @@ -621,29 +621,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$56.1 billion" + "text": "$52.66 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$65.62 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$63.01 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "17.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "54.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 52.7% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "55.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 54.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government" + "text": "this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financia" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.1% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)", + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 2.1% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled" } @@ -652,25 +652,25 @@ "text": "3% (31 December 2011) ++ 2.83% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.57% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.67% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.57% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$83.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $99.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$91.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $83.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$478.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $440.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$390.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $444.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$437.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $390.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$476.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $395.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $410.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$383 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $459 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $500.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$8.712 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.46 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.646 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.874 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$175.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $207.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$167.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $175.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "semiconductors and electronic equipment, palm oil, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals, solar panels" @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ "text": "Singapore 13.9%, China 13%, Japan 9.5%, US 9.4%, Thailand 5.7%, Hong Kong 4.7%, India 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$147.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $172.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$139.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $147.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals" @@ -688,36 +688,22 @@ "text": "China 18.8%, Singapore 12%, US 8.1%, Japan 7.8%, Thailand 6.1%, South Korea 4.5%, Indonesia 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$95.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $115.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$97.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $95.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$186.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $210.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$187.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $186.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$144.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $133.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$154.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $144.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$145.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $135.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$155.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $145.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "ringgits (MYR) per US dollar - ++ 3.9055 (2015 est.) ++ 3.27 (2014 est.) ++ 3.27 (2013 est.) ++ 3.09 (2012 est.) ++ 3.06 (2011 est.)" + "text": "ringgits (MYR) per US dollar - ++ 4.079 (2016 est.) ++ 3.91 (2015 est.) ++ 3.91 (2014 est.) ++ 3.27 (2013 est.) ++ 3.09 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.5%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.8%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98.7% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "139 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -817,7 +803,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 TV networks with relays throughout the country, and the leading private commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple national networks, as well as regional and local stations; many private commercial radio broadcasters and some subscription satellite radio services are available; about 55 radio stations overall (2012)" + "text": "state-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 TV networks with relays throughout the country, and the leading private commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is available; state- (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".my" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 1da46e44..362f66c9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -496,55 +496,55 @@ "text": "Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people. The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities. ++ ++ Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters. A consortium led by a major American oil company is constructing a liquefied natural gas (LNG) production facility that began exporting in April 2014. As the largest investment project in the country's history, it has the potential to double GDP in the near-term and triple Papua New Guinea's export revenue. An American-owned firm also opened PNG's first oil refinery in 2004 and is building a second LNG production facility. The government faces the challenge of ensuring transparency and accountability for revenues flowing from this and other large LNG projects. In 2011 and 2012, the National Parliament passed legislation that created an offshore Sovereign Wealth Fund to manage government surpluses from mineral, oil, and natural gas projects. In recent years, the government has opened up markets in telecommunications and air transport, making both more affordable to the people. ++ ++ Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$20.47 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.78 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.3 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$28.02 billion (2016 est.) ++ $27.33 billion (2015 est.) ++ $25.63 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$16.09 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$19.92 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "9% (2015 est.) ++ 8.5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 6.6% (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,700 (2015 est.) ++ $2,500 (2014 est.) ++ $2,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,500 (2016 est.) ++ $3,500 (2015 est.) ++ $3,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "38.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ -11.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "38.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -11.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.3%" + "text": "49.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.4%" + "text": "7.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "10.4%" + "text": "9.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "68%" + "text": "68.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-39.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-36.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "23%" + "text": "22.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "37.8%" + "text": "37.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "39.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "40.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -554,10 +554,10 @@ "text": "copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining (gold, silver, copper); crude oil and petroleum products; construction, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.267 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.365 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -589,50 +589,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.893 billion" + "text": "$3.169 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.981 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.295 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "36.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 36.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "39.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 36.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6% (2015 est.) ++ 5.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2016 est.) ++ 6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "14% (31 December 2010) ++ 6.92% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.73% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.38% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.73% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.936 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.181 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.282 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.936 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$8.085 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.477 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$6.118 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.125 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.118 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$10.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $8.999 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $9.742 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$444 million (2015 est.) ++ -$703 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.484 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.134 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$8.377 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.758 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.886 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.377 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns" @@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ "text": "Japan 17.4%, Australia 15.9%, China 12.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.267 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.008 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.83 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.267 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals" @@ -650,10 +650,10 @@ "text": "Australia 25.9%, China 20%, Singapore 12.6%, Malaysia 7.2%, US 4.2%, Indonesia 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.738 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.305 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.629 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.738 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$20.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.04 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $20.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -662,24 +662,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kina (PGK) per US dollar - ++ 2.7684 (2015 est.) ++ 2.4614 (2014 est.) ++ 2.4614 (2013 est.) ++ 2.08 (2012 est.) ++ 2.371 (2011 est.)" + "text": "kina (PGK) per US dollar - ++ 3.156 (2016 est.) ++ 2.7684 (2015 est.) ++ 2.7684 (2014 est.) ++ 2.4614 (2013 est.) ++ 2.08 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "5,568,879" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "18%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "72%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "10% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -779,7 +765,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 TV stations, 1 commercial station operating since the late 1980s, and 1 state-run station launched in 2008; satellite and cable TV services are available; state-run National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with multiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations; several commercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as well as several community stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible (2009)" + "text": "2 TV stations, 1 commercial station operating since the late 1980s, and 1 state-run station launched in 2008; satellite and cable TV services are available; state-run National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with multiple repeaters and (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".pg" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 9976c30f..b3cb74c9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. A 20-year rule by Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a \"people power\" movement in Manila (\"EDSA 1\") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts that prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992. His administration was marked by increased stability and by progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another \"people power\" movement (\"EDSA 2\") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. Her presidency was marred by several corruption allegations but the Philippine economy was one of the few to avoid contraction following the 2008 global financial crisis, expanding each year of her administration. Benigno AQUINO III was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2010. ++ The Philippine Government faces threats from several groups, some of which are on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list. Manila has waged a decades-long struggle against ethnic Moro insurgencies in the southern Philippines, which has led to a peace accord with the Moro National Liberation Front and ongoing peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The decades-long Maoist-inspired New People's Army insurgency also operates through much of the country. The Philippines faces increased tension with China over disputed territorial and maritime claims in the South China Sea." + "text": "The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. A 20-year rule by Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a \"people power\" movement in Manila (\"EDSA 1\") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts that prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992. His administration was marked by increased stability and by progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another \"people power\" movement (\"EDSA 2\") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. Her presidency was marred by several corruption allegations but the Philippine economy was one of the few to avoid contraction following the 2008 global financial crisis, expanding each year of her administration. Benigno AQUINO III was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2010 and was succeeded by Rodrigo DUTERTE in May 2016. ++ The Philippine Government faces threats from several groups, some of which are on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list. Manila has waged a decades-long struggle against ethnic Moro insurgencies in the southern Philippines, which has led to a peace accord with the Moro National Liberation Front and ongoing peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The decades-long Maoist-inspired New People's Army insurgency also operates through much of the country. The Philippines faces increased tension with China over disputed territorial and maritime claims in the South China Sea." } }, "Geography": { @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Philip S. GOLDBERG (since 2 December 2013)" + "text": "Ambassador Sung KIM (since 6 December 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "1201 Roxas Boulevard, Manila 1000" @@ -515,55 +515,55 @@ "text": "The economy has been relatively resilient to global economic shocks due to less exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from about 10 million overseas Filipino workers and migrants, and a rapidly expanding outsourcing industry. The current account balance has recorded consecutive surpluses since 2003, international reserves remain at comfortable levels, and the banking system is stable. ++ ++ Efforts to improve tax administration and expenditures management have helped ease the Philippines' debt burden and tight fiscal situation. The Philippines has received investment-grade credit ratings on its sovereign debt under the AQUINO administration and has had little difficulty financing its budget deficits. However, weak absorptive capacity and implementation bottlenecks have prevented the government from maximizing its expenditure plans, which the administration has been working to address. Although it has improved, the low tax-to-GDP ratio remains a constraint to supporting increasingly higher spending levels and sustaining strong growth over the longer term. ++ ++ Economic growth has accelerated, averaging 6.0% per year from 2011 to 2015, compared with 4.5% under the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO government; and competitiveness rankings have improved. The Philippines has not sustained steady growth in foreign direct investment, which continues to lag regional peers. ++ ++ Although the economy has grown at a faster pace under the AQUINO government, challenges to achieving more inclusive growth remain. The unemployment rate has declined somewhat in recent years but remains high, hovering at around 6.5%; underemployment is also high, ranging from 18% to 19% of the employed. At least 40% of the employed work in the informal sector. Poverty afflicts about a quarter of the population. More than 60% of the poor reside in rural areas, a challenge to raising rural farm and non-farm incomes. The AQUINO administration has been working to boost expenditures for education, health, transfers to the poor, and other social spending programs. Infrastructure remains underfunded and the government is relying on the private sector to help with major projects under its Public-Private Partnership program. Continued efforts are needed to improve governance, the judicial system, the regulatory environment, and the overall ease of doing business. ++ ++ Notable achievements over the past year include passage of laws that liberalized the entry of foreign banks into the country; partially relaxed the cabotage law by allowing foreign vessels to ply import and export cargo within the archipelago; and passage of anti-trust legislation. Substantial progress has also been made towards passage of a Customs Tariff and Modernization Act to meet international standards and commitments, with strong prospects of enactment into law before President AQUINO steps down from office. However, the Philippine Constitution and other laws restrict foreign ownership in important activities/sectors - such as land ownership and public utilities." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$741 billion (2015 est.) ++ $700.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $659.9 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$801.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $753.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $711.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$292 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$311.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.1% (2014 est.) ++ 7.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.4% (2016 est.) ++ 5.9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,300 (2015 est.) ++ $7,000 (2014 est.) ++ $6,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$7,700 (2016 est.) ++ $7,400 (2015 est.) ++ $7,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "73.9%" + "text": "72.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "10.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.5%" + "text": "22.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1%" + "text": "-0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "28.2%" + "text": "24.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-33.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-30.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "10.3%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.8%" + "text": "30.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "59% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -573,10 +573,10 @@ "text": "electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "41.76 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.8 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2015 est.) ++ 6.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.2% (2012 est.)" @@ -608,53 +608,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$46.35 billion" + "text": "$45.54 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$49.02 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$48.76 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "44.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 45.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "42.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 44.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover debt issued by the national government, and excludes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by social security institutions, government-owned and controlled corporations, the Central Bank, and local government units" + "text": "data cover debt issued by the national government, and excludes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by social security institutions," } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.13% (31 December 2015) ++ 6.13% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.58% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.53% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.58% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$56.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $51.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$66.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $56.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$179.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $172.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$187.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $171 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$166.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $158.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$187.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $166.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$286.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $318.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $268.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$238.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $261.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $217.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$8.396 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.76 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.542 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.396 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$43.28 billion (2015 est.) ++ $49.82 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $43.28 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits" @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ "text": "Japan 21.1%, US 15%, China 10.9%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Singapore 6.2%, Germany 4.5%, South Korea 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$64.97 billion (2015 est.) ++ $67.16 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$60.95 billion (2016 est.) ++ $64.97 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic" @@ -672,36 +672,22 @@ "text": "China 16.2%, US 10.8%, Japan 9.6%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 6.5%, Thailand 6.4%, Malaysia 4.8%, Indonesia 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$80.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $79.54 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$79.99 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $80.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$77.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $77.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$77.46 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $77.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$59.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $56.65 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$62.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $59.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$41.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.79 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $41.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - ++ 45.503 (2015 est.) ++ 44.395 (2014 est.) ++ 44.395 (2013 est.) ++ 42.23 (2012 est.) ++ 43.313 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - ++ 47.08 (2016 est.) ++ 45.503 (2015 est.) ++ 45.503 (2014 est.) ++ 44.395 (2013 est.) ++ 42.23 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "20,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "88%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "94%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "82% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "74 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -801,7 +787,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "multiple national private TV and radio networks; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; more than 350 TV stations - 6 major TV networks operating nationwide with 1 being government owned; about 1,300 cable TV providers with more than 2 million subscribers, and some 1,300 radio stations; the Philippines adopted Japan’s Integrated Service Digital Broadcast – Terrestrial standard for digital terrestrial television in November 2013 and is scheduled to complete the switch from analog to digital broadcasting by the end of 2015 (2015)" + "text": "multiple national private TV and radio networks; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; more than 350 TV stations - 6 major TV networks operating nationwide with 1 being government owned; about 1,300 cable TV providers with more than 2 mi (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ph" @@ -932,7 +918,7 @@ "text": "17-23 years of age (officers 20-24) for voluntary military service; no conscription; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens with either 72 college credit hours (enlisted) or a baccalaureate degree (officers) (2013)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "1.19% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.21% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.19% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.19% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.21% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.19% of GDP (2010)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 4a875712..682258a9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -477,44 +477,44 @@ "text": "Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Unemployment is very low. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly of consumer electronics, information technology products, medical and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, and on its vibrant transportation, business, and financial services sectors. ++ ++ The economy contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but has continued to grow since 2010 on the strength of renewed exports. Growth in 2014-15 was slower at under 3%, largely a result of soft demand for exports amid a sluggish global economy and weak growth in Singapore’s manufacturing sector. ++ ++ The government is attempting to restructure Singapore’s economy by weaning its dependence on foreign labor, addressing weak productivity, and increasing Singaporean wages. Singapore has attracted major investments in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production and will continue efforts to strengthen its position as Southeast Asia's leading financial and high-tech hub. Singapore is a member of the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade negotiations, as well as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership negotiations with the nine other ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. In 2015, Singapore formed, with the other ASEAN members, the ASEAN Economic Community." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$471.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $462.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $448 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$486.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $478.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $469.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$292.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$296.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$85,300 (2015 est.) ++ $84,600 (2014 est.) ++ $83,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$87,100 (2016 est.) ++ $86,500 (2015 est.) ++ $85,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "46.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 48.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "46% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 46.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "36.7%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.4%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "25.5%" + "text": "23.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.5%" + "text": "2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "176.5%" + "text": "176.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-149.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-149.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ "text": "0%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.4%" + "text": "26.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "73.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -535,12 +535,12 @@ "text": "electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-3.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.611 million", + "text": "3.661 million", "note": { - "text": "excludes non-residents (2015 est.)" + "text": "excludes non-residents (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -554,11 +554,11 @@ "text": "83.9%" }, "note": { - "text": "excludes non-residents (2013)" + "text": "excludes non-residents (2014)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -576,56 +576,56 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$46.23 billion" + "text": "$46.86 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$44.48 billion" + "text": "$44.83 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "expenditures include both operational and development expenditures (2015 est.)" + "text": "expenditures include both operational and development expenditures (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "104.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 99.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "110.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 104.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt" + "text": "Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tr" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ -0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.25% (2014) ++ 0.07% (2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.35% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.35% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.35% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$113.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $121.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$115.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $113.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$413.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $405.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$344.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $372.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$353.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $344.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$787.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $751.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $747.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$640 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $752.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $744.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$57.56 billion (2015 est.) ++ $53.18 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$57.26 billion (2016 est.) ++ $57.92 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$377.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $437.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$353.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $377.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment (including electronics and telecommunications), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, refined petroleum products, foodstuffs and beverages" @@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ "text": "China 13.7%, Hong Kong 11.5%, Malaysia 10.8%, Indonesia 8.2%, US 6.9%, Japan 4.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$294.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $358.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$271.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $294.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -643,27 +643,22 @@ "text": "China 14.2%, US 11.2%, Malaysia 11.2%, Japan 6.3%, South Korea 6.1%, Indonesia 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$247.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $256.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$249.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $247.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$465.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $479.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$467.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $465.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$978.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $962.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.041 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $978.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$625.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $626.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$673 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $625.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - ++ 1.3748 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2671 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2671 (2013 est.) ++ 1.25 (2012 est.) ++ 1.258 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - ++ 1.379 (2016 est.) ++ 1.3748 (2015 est.) ++ 1.3748 (2014 est.) ++ 1.2671 (2013 est.) ++ 1.25 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "49.31 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -763,7 +758,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state controls broadcast media; 8 domestic TV stations operated by MediaCorp which is wholly owned by a state investment company; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV service available; a total of 18 domestic radio stations broadcasting with MediaCorp operating more than a dozen and another 4 stations are closely linked to the ruling party or controlled by the Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association; many Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations are available" + "text": "state controls broadcast media; 8 domestic TV stations operated by MediaCorp which is wholly owned by a state investment company; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV service availabl" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sg" @@ -837,10 +832,10 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 247, cargo 109, carrier 6, chemical tanker 256, container 339, liquefied gas 131, petroleum tanker 436, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 57" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "966 (Australia 12, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 25, Brazil 9, Chile 6, China 29, Cyprus 6, Denmark 149, France 3, Germany 32, Greece 22, Hong Kong 46, India 21, Indonesia 60, Italy 5, Japan 164, Malaysia 27, Netherlands 1, Norway 153, Russia 2, South Africa 13, South Korea 3, Sweden 11, Switzerland 3, Taiwan 77, Thailand 33, UAE 10, UK 6, US 36)" + "text": "966 (Australia 12, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 25, Brazil 9, Chile 6, China 29, Cyprus 6, Denmark 149, France 3, Germany 32, Greece 22, Hong Kong 46, India 21, Indonesia 60, Italy 5, Japan 164, Malaysia 27, Netherlands 1, Norway 153, Russia 2, South Afr" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "344 (Australia 2, Bahamas 7, Bangladesh 7, Belize 4, Cambodia 3, Cyprus 1, France 3, Honduras 11, Hong Kong 13, Indonesia 46, Italy 1, Kiribati 9, Liberia 22, Malaysia 13, Maldives 4, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 30, Mongolia 3, North Korea 1, Panama 92, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 10, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Sierra Leone 9, Thailand 1, Tuvalu 19, US 16, Vanuatu 2, unknown 5) (2010)" + "text": "344 (Australia 2, Bahamas 7, Bangladesh 7, Belize 4, Cambodia 3, Cyprus 1, France 3, Honduras 11, Hong Kong 13, Indonesia 46, Italy 1, Kiribati 9, Liberia 22, Malaysia 13, Maldives 4, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 30, Mongolia 3, North Korea 1, Panama 92, Philipp (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index f50ae1cb..44b69b71 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government. A blanket amnesty bill for individuals involved in street protests, altered at the last minute to include all political crimes - including all convictions against THAKSIN - triggered months of large-scale anti-government protests in Bangkok beginning in November 2013. In early May 2014 YINGLAK was removed from office by the Constitutional Court and in late May 2014 the Royal Thai Army staged a coup against the caretaker government. The head of the Royal Thai Army, Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, was appointed prime minister in August 2014. The interim military government created several interim institutions to promote reform and draft a new constitution. Elections are tentatively set for mid-2017. Thailand has also experienced violence associated with the ethno-nationalist insurgency in its southern Malay-Muslim majority provinces. Since January 2004, thousands have been killed and wounded in the insurgency." + "text": "A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government. A blanket amnesty bill for individuals involved in street protests, altered at the last minute to include all political crimes - including all convictions against THAKSIN - triggered months of large-scale anti-government protests in Bangkok beginning in November 2013. In early May 2014 YINGLAK was removed from office by the Constitutional Court and in late May 2014 the Royal Thai Army staged a coup against the caretaker government. Then head of the Royal Thai Army, Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, was appointed prime minister in August 2014. The interim military government created several interim institutions to promote reform and draft a new constitution. Elections are tentatively set for mid-2017. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in October 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun, ascended the throne in December 2016. Thailand has also experienced violence associated with the ethno-nationalist insurgency in its southern Malay-Muslim majority provinces. Since January 2004, thousands have been killed and wounded in the insurgency." } }, "Geography": { @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ } }, "Government type": { - "text": "constitutional monarchy; note - interim military-run government since May 2014" + "text": "constitutional monarchy; note - interim military-affiliated government since May 2014" }, "Capital": { "name": { @@ -419,10 +419,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Privy Council President PREM Tinsulanonda serves as Regent (since 13 October 2016); note - King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946) died 13 October 2016" + "text": "King WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun (since 1 December 2016); note - King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946) died 13 October 2016" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Interim Prime Minister Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha (since 25 August 2014) Deputy Prime Ministers PRAWIT Wongsuwan, Gen. (since 31 August 2014), THANASAK Patimaprakon, Gen. (since 31 August 2014), WISSANU Kruea-ngam (since 31 August 2014), SOMKHIT Chatusiphitak (since 20 August 2015), PRACHIN Chantong (since 20 August 2015), NARONG Phiphatthanasai (since 20 August 2015)" + "text": "Interim Prime Minister Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha (since 25 August 2014) Deputy Prime Ministers PRAWIT Wongsuwan, Gen. (since 31 August 2014), THANASAK Patimaprakon, Gen. (since 31 August 2014), WISSANU Kruea-ngam (since 31 August 2014), SOMKHIT Chatusiphithak (since 20 August 2015), PRACHIN Chantong, Air Chief Mar. (since 20 August 2015), NARONG Phiphatthanasai, Adm. (since 20 August 2015)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the king; a Privy Council advises the king" @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "in transition; following the May 2014 military coup, a National Legislative Assembly or Sapha Nitibanyat of no more than 220 members replaced the bicameral National Assembly; elections for a permanent legislative body are currently unscheduled and may not occur until mid-2017" + "text": "in transition; following the May 2014 military coup, a National Legislative Assembly or Sapha Nitibanyat of no more than 220 members replaced the bicameral National Assembly; expanded to 250 members in September 2016; elections for a permanent legislative body are currently unscheduled and probably will not occur until late 2017" }, "elections": { "text": "Senate - last held on 30 March 2014; House of Representatives - last held on 2 February 2014, but later declared invalid by the Constitutional Court" @@ -457,10 +457,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Chat Pattana Party or CPN (National Development Party) [WANNARAT Channukun] ++ Chat Thai Phattana Party or CTP (Thai Nation Development Party) [THEERA Wongsamut] ++ Mahachon Party or Mass Party [APHIRAT Sirinawin] ++ Matubhum Party (Motherland Party) [Gen. SONTHI Bunyaratkalin] ++ Phalang Chon Party (People Chonburi Power Party) [SONTHAYA Khunpluem] ++ Phumjai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PJT (Thai Pride) [ANUTHIN Chanvirakun] ++ Prachathipat Party or DP (Democrat Party) [ABHISIT Wechachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva] ++ Prachathipathai Mai Party (New Democracy Party) [SURATIN Phichan] ++ Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [acting leader VIROT Paoin] ++ Rak Prathet Thai Party (Love Thailand Party) [CHUWIT Kamonwisit] ++ Rak Santi Party (Peace Conservation Party) [Pol. Lt. Gen. THAWIN Surachetphong]" + "text": "Chat Patthana Party or CPN (National Development Party) [WANNARAT Channukun] ++ Chat Thai Phatthana Party or CTP (Thai Nation Development Party) [THEERA Wongsamut] ++ Mahachon Party or Mass Party [APHIRAT Sirinawin] ++ Matuphum Party (Motherland Party) [Gen. SONTHI Bunyaratkalin] ++ Phalang Chon Party (People Chonburi Power Party) [SONTHAYA Khunpluem] ++ Phumchai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PJT (Thai Pride) [ANUTHIN Chanwirakun] ++ Prachathipat Party or DP (Democrat Party) [ABHISIT Wechachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva] ++ Prachathipatai Mai Party (New Democracy Party) [SURATIN Phichan] ++ Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [acting leader VIROT Paoin] ++ Rak Prathet Thai Party (Love Thailand Party) [CHUWIT Kamonwisit] ++ Rak Santi Party (Peace Conservation Party) [Pol. Lt. Gen. THAWIN Surachetphong]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Multicolor Group ++ People's Alliance for Democracy or PAD ++ People's Democratic Reform Committee or PDRC ++ Student and People Network for Thailand's Reform or STR ++ United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD" + "text": "Multicolor Group ++ People's Democratic Reform Committee or PDRC ++ Student and People Network for Thailand's Reform or STR ++ United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ "text": "Luang SARANUPRAPAN/Phra JENDURIYANG" }, "note": { - "text": "music adopted 1932, lyrics adopted 1939; by law, people are required to stand for the national anthem at 0800 and 1800 every day; the anthem is played in schools, offices, theaters, and on television and radio during this time; \"Phleng Sansasoen Phra Barami\" (A Salute to the Monarch) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies" + "text": "music adopted 1932, lyrics adopted 1939; by law, people are required to stand for the national anthem at 0800 and 1800 every day; the anthem is played in schools, offices, theaters, and on television and radio during this time; \"Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami\" (A Salute to the Monarch) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies" } } }, @@ -528,68 +528,68 @@ "text": "With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand historically has had a strong economy, but it experienced slow growth in 2013-15 as a result of domestic political turmoil and sluggish global demand, which curbed Thailand’s traditionally strong exports - mostly electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. Following the May 2014 coup d'etat, tourism decreased 6-7% but is beginning to recover. The Thai baht depreciated more than 8% during 2015. ++ ++ Thailand faces labor shortages, and has attracted an estimated 2-4 million migrant workers from neighboring countries. The Thai Government in 2013 implemented a nationwide 300 baht (roughly $10) per day minimum wage policy and deployed new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners. The household debt to GDP ratio is over 80%." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.108 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.078 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.069 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.161 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.125 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.094 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$395.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$390.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.) ++ 2.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.) ++ 2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,100 (2015 est.) ++ $15,700 (2014 est.) ++ $15,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16,800 (2016 est.) ++ $16,300 (2015 est.) ++ $15,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "32.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "34.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 32% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "51.5%" + "text": "50.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.2%" + "text": "17.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.9%" + "text": "24.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-5%" + "text": "-1.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "69%" + "text": "65.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-57.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-56.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "9.1%" + "text": "8.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "35.7%" + "text": "35.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "55.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "55.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, palm oil, pineapple, livestock, fish products" }, "Industries": { - "text": "tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemical, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, rubber, sugar, rice, fishing, cassava, world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer" + "text": "tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "38.55 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.45 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.6% (2012 est.)" @@ -621,100 +621,86 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$73.65 billion" + "text": "$76.69 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$81.16 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$86.94 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "46% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 42.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "50.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 46% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2016 est.) ++ -0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2% (31 December 2014) ++ 2.25% (31 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6.56% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.77% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.56% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$49.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $51.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$50.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$517.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $524.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$486.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $509 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$501.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $486.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$313.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $383.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $245 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$348.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $430.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $354.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$34.82 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.42 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$37.69 billion (2016 est.) ++ $30.99 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$212.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $224.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$190 billion (2016 est.) ++ $212.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "automobiles and parts, computer and parts, jewelry and precious stones, polymers of ethylene in primary forms, refine fuels, electronic integrated circuits, chemical products, rice, fish products, rubber products, sugar, cassava, poultry, machinery and parts, iron and steel and their products" + "text": "automobiles and parts, computer and parts, jewelry and precious stones, polymers of ethylene in primary forms, refine fuels, electronic integrated circuits, chemical products, rice, fish products, rubber products, sugar, cassava, poultry, machinery and pa" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 11.2%, China 11.1%, Japan 9.4%, Hong Kong 5.5%, Malaysia 4.8%, Australia 4.6%, Vietnam 4.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$177.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $200.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$171.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $177.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "machinery and parts, crude oil, electrical machinery and parts, chemicals, iron & steel and product, electronic integrated circuit, automobile’s parts, jewelry including silver bars and gold, computers and parts, electrical household appliances, soybean, soybean meal, wheat, cotton, dairy products" + "text": "machinery and parts, crude oil, electrical machinery and parts, chemicals, iron & steel and product, electronic integrated circuit, automobile’s parts, jewelry including silver bars and gold, computers and parts, electrical household appliances, soybean," }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 20.3%, Japan 15.4%, US 6.9%, Malaysia 5.9%, UAE 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$156.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $157.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$181.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $156.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$134.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $135.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$137.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $134.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$186.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $207.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$190.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $186.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$78.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $73.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$88.18 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $78.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "baht per US dollar - ++ 34.248 (2015 est.) ++ 32.48 (2014 est.) ++ 32.48 (2013 est.) ++ 31.08 (2012 est.) ++ 30.492 (2011 est.)" + "text": "baht per US dollar - ++ 35.4 (2016 est.) ++ 34.248 (2015 est.) ++ 34.248 (2014 est.) ++ 32.48 (2013 est.) ++ 31.08 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "700,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.7%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98.3% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "164 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -814,7 +800,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military, the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private enterprise, and all are required to broadcast government-produced news programs twice a day; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services are available; radio frequencies have been allotted for more than 500 government and commercial radio stations; many small community radio stations operate with low-power transmitters (2008)" + "text": "6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military, the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private enterprise, and all are required to broadcast government-produced (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".th" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 65d82ff3..33b989e9 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ "text": "37.7% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -528,55 +528,55 @@ "text": "Since gaining independence in 1999, Timor-Leste has faced great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of offshore oil and gas resources has greatly supplemented government revenues. This technology-intensive industry, however, has done little to create jobs in part because there are no production facilities in Timor-Leste. Gas is currently piped to Australia for processing, but Timor-Leste has expressed interest in developing a domestic processing capacity. ++ ++ In June 2005, the National Parliament unanimously approved the creation of the Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and to preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The Fund held assets of $16.5 billion, as of December 2014. Oil accounts for 90% of government revenues, and the drop in the price of oil in 2014 has led to concerns about the long-term sustainability of government spending. The Ministry of Finance maintains that the Petroleum Fund is sufficient to sustain government operations for the foreseeable future. ++ ++ Annual government budget expenditures increased markedly between 2009 and 2012 but dropped significantly in 2013-15. Historically, the government failed to spend as much as its budget allowed. The government has focused significant resources on basic infrastructure, including electricity and roads. Limited experience in procurement and infrastructure building has hampered these projects. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and to reduce poverty." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$6.57 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.302 billion (2014 est.) ++ $5.974 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4.975 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.738 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.545 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.62 billion (2015 est.)", + "text": "$2.501 billion (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "non-oil GDP" } }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,600 (2015 est.) ++ $5,500 (2014 est.) ++ $5,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$4,200 (2016 est.) ++ $4,100 (2015 est.) ++ $4,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "36%" + "text": "43%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "26.3%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "16.3%" + "text": "17.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "77.4%" + "text": "70.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-56% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-58.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "70.3%" + "text": "68%" }, "services": { - "text": "22.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "24.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ "text": "printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "259,800 (2013 est.)" @@ -621,44 +621,44 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$400 million" + "text": "$300 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.8 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "12% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-91.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-100% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.87% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $342.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$456.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$677.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $599.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$-127 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $-15 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$-200 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $-127 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$431 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.096 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$248 million (2016 est.) ++ $239 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$18 million (2015 est.) ++ $15.5 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$18 million (2015 est.) ++ $18 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil, coffee, sandalwood, marble", @@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ } }, "Imports": { - "text": "$647.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $764.2 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$647.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $647.7 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery" @@ -680,20 +680,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "744,032" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "42%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "78%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "27% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "349.4 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 46b74e84..201db98b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century). In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynasty to cede Taiwan to Japan, which governed Taiwan for 50 years. Taiwan came under Chinese Nationalist control after World War II. In the four years leading to the communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government under the 1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. The Nationalist government established authoritarian rule under martial law in 1948. Beginning in the late 1970s, the ruling authorities gradually democratized and incorporated the local population within the governing structure. This process expanded rapidly in the 1980s, with the founding of the first opposition party (the Democratic Progressive Party or DPP) in 1986 and the lifting of martial law in 1987. Taiwan held its first direct presidential election in 1996. In 2000, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power from the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang or KMT) to the DPP. Throughout this period, the island prospered and became one of East Asia's economic \"Tigers.\" The dominant political issues continue to be management of sensitive relations between Taiwan and China - specifically the question of Taiwan's eventual status - as well as domestic priorities for economic reform and growth." + "text": "First inhabited by Austronesian people, Taiwan became home to Han immigrants beginning in the late Ming Dynasty (17th century). In 1895, military defeat forced China's Qing Dynasty to cede Taiwan to Japan, which governed Taiwan for 50 years. Taiwan came under Chinese Nationalist control after World War II. In the four years leading to the communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government under the 1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. The Nationalist government established authoritarian rule under martial law in 1948. Beginning in the late 1970s, the ruling authorities gradually democratized and incorporated the local population within the governing structure. This process expanded rapidly in the 1980s, with the founding of the first opposition party (the Democratic Progressive Party or DPP) in 1986 and the lifting of martial law in 1987. Taiwan held its first direct presidential election in 1996. In 2000, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power from the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang or KMT) to the DPP. Throughout this period, the island prospered and became one of East Asia's economic \"Tigers.\" The dominant political issues continue to be management of sensitive relations between Taiwan and China - specifically the question of Taiwan's sovereignty - as well as domestic priorities for economic reform and growth." } }, "Geography": { @@ -418,44 +418,44 @@ "text": "Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing government guidance on investment and foreign trade. Exports, led by electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals have provided the primary impetus for economic development. This heavy dependence on exports exposes the economy to fluctuations in world demand. Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, and rapidly aging population are other major long-term challenges. ++ ++ Free trade agreements have proliferated in East Asia over the past several years. Following the landmark Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed with China in June 2010, Taiwan in July 2013 signed a free trade deal with New Zealand - Taipei’s first-ever with a country with which it does not maintain diplomatic relations - and, in November, inked a trade pact with Singapore. However, follow-on components of the ECFA, including a signed agreement on trade in services and negotiations on trade in goods and dispute resolution, have stalled. In early 2014, the government bowed to public demand and proposed a new law governing the oversight of cross-Strait agreements, before any additional deals with China are implemented; the legislature has yet to vote on such legislation, leaving the future of ECFA up in the air as of the conclusion of President MA's second and final term in May 2016. MA portrayed ECFA as Taiwan’s key to greater participation in East Asia’s free trade networks, and has also expressed interest in Taiwan joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership. ++ ++ Taiwan's total fertility rate of just over one child per woman is among the lowest in the world, raising the prospect of future labor shortages, falling domestic demand, and declining tax revenues. Taiwan's population is aging quickly, with the number of people over 65 expected to account for nearly 20% of the island's total population by 2025. ++ ++ The island runs a trade surplus, largely because of its surplus with China, and its foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest, behind those of China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland. In 2006 China overtook the US to become Taiwan's second-largest source of imports after Japan. China is also the island's number one destination for foreign direct investment. Taiwan since 2009 has gradually loosened rules governing Chinese investment on the island and has also secured greater market access for its investors in the mainland. In August 2012, the Taiwan Central Bank signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on cross-Strait currency settlement with its Chinese counterpart. The MOU allows for the direct settlement of Chinese Renminbi (RMB) and the New Taiwan Dollar across the Strait, which has helped Taiwan develop into a local RMB hub. ++ ++ Closer economic links with the mainland bring opportunities for Taiwan’s economy but also pose challenges as political differences remain unresolved and China’s economic growth is slowing. Domestic economic issues loomed large in public debate ahead of the 16 January 2016 presidential and legislative elections, including concerns about stagnant wages, high housing prices, youth unemployment, job security, and financial security in retirement." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.099 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.091 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.05 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.125 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.115 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.107 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$523.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$519.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.) ++ 2.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$46,800 (2015 est.) ++ $46,600 (2014 est.) ++ $44,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$47,800 (2016 est.) ++ $47,400 (2015 est.) ++ $47,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "35.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 33.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 32.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "35.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 36.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.3%" + "text": "52.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "14.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "64.6%" + "text": "62.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-49.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -463,10 +463,10 @@ "text": "1.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "36.5%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "62.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -476,10 +476,10 @@ "text": "electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "11.64 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "11.68 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.9% (2016 est.) ++ 3.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" @@ -511,20 +511,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$83.43 billion" + "text": "$80.8 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$82.89 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$83.95 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "32.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 32.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "32.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 32.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data for central government" } @@ -533,31 +533,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2016 est.) ++ -0.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.63% (31 December 2015) ++ 1.88% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.83% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.88% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.83% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$462.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $451.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$477.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $462.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.249 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.186 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.246 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.206 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$734 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $740 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$743.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $734 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$741.1 billion (31 December 2015) ++ $847.8 billion (31 December 2014) ++ $818.7 billion (31 December 2013)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$76.17 billion (2015 est.) ++ $65.42 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$77.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $76.17 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$335.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $379.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$314.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $335.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "semiconductors, petrochemicals, automobile/auto parts, ships, wireless communication equipment, flat display displays, steel, electronics, plastics, computers" @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "China 27.1%, Hong Kong 13.2%, US 10.3%, Japan 6.4%, Singapore 4.4% (2012 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$262.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $318.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$248.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $262.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "oil/petroleum, semiconductors, natural gas, coal, steel, computers, wireless communication equipment, automobiles, fine chemicals, textiles" @@ -575,19 +575,19 @@ "text": "Japan 17.6%, China 16.1%, US 9.5% (2012 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$430.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $423.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$456.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $430.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$159 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $177.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$155.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $159 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$72.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $69.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$74.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$336.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $321.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$346.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $336.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Taiwan dollars (TWD) per US dollar - ++ 31.911 (2015 est.) ++ 30.363 (2014 est.) ++ 30.363 (2013 est.) ++ 29.62 (2012 est.) ++ 29.47 (2011 est.)" + "text": "New Taiwan dollars (TWD) per US dollar - ++ 32.85 (2016 est.) ++ 31.911 (2015 est.) ++ 31.911 (2014 est.) ++ 30.363 (2013 est.) ++ 29.62 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index e987147c..3020f71b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -115,7 +115,10 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.8%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.5%, Mong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, Hoa 1%, other 4.3% (2009 est.)" + "text": "Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.8%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.5%, Mong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, Hoa 1%, other 4.3%", + "note": { + "text": "54 ethnic groups are recognized by the Vietnamese Government (2009 est.)" + } }, "Languages": { "text": "Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)" @@ -294,7 +297,7 @@ "text": "12.1% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.7% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -523,55 +526,55 @@ "text": "Vietnam is a densely populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. Agriculture's share of economic output has shrunk from about 25% in 2000 to 18% in 2014, while industry's share increased from 36% to 38% in the same period. State-owned enterprises now account for only about 40% of GDP. ++ ++ Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic modernization and a more open economy. Vietnam joined the WTO in January 2007, which has promoted more competitive, export-driven industries. Vietnam was one of 12-nations that concluded the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade agreement negotiations in 2015. ++ ++ Hanoi has oscillated between promoting growth and emphasizing macroeconomic stability in recent years. During 2015, Vietnam's managed currency, the dong, depreciated about 5%. Poverty has declined significantly, and Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year. ++ ++ Vietnam is trying to reform its economy by restructuring public investment, state-owned enterprises, and the banking sector, although Hanoi’s progress in meeting its goals is lagging behind the proposed schedule. Vietnam's economy continues to face challenges from an undercapitalized banking sector and nonperforming loans." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$552.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $517.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $488.5 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$594.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $560.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $525.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$191.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$200.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.) ++ 5.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (2016 est.) ++ 6.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,000 (2015 est.) ++ $5,700 (2014 est.) ++ $5,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,400 (2016 est.) ++ $6,100 (2015 est.) ++ $5,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 31.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "28.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "66.7%" + "text": "65.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "6.3%" + "text": "6.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.8%" + "text": "25.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "3.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "89.4%" + "text": "89.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-91.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-91.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "17.4%" + "text": "17%" }, "industry": { - "text": "38.8%" + "text": "39%" }, "services": { - "text": "43.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "44% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -581,10 +584,10 @@ "text": "food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "54.45 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "54.93 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -598,7 +601,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "11.3% (2012 est.)" @@ -616,53 +619,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$45.96 billion" + "text": "$48.04 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$54.67 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$57.21 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "24% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "54.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 52.9% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "54.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 54.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "official data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9% (31 December 2012) ++ 15% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.12% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.67% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.12% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$62.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $56.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$74.94 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $62.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$261.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $235 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$300.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $256.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$239.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $209.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$285.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $239.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$38.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $37 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$51.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $46.07 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $40.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$2.764 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.33 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$770 million (2016 est.) ++ $906 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$162.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $150.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$169.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $162.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery" @@ -671,7 +674,7 @@ "text": "US 21.2%, China 13.3%, Japan 8.4%, South Korea 5.5%, Germany 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$154.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $138.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$161 billion (2016 est.) ++ $154.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, steel products, raw materials for the clothing and shoe industries, electronics, plastics, automobiles" @@ -680,36 +683,22 @@ "text": "China 34.1%, South Korea 14.3%, Singapore 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, Hong Kong 5.1%, Thailand 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$28.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.58 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$34.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$73.33 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $71.89 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$78.88 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $73.33 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$102.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $90.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$114.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $102.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { "text": "$7.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.) ++ $5.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "dong (VND) per US dollar - ++ 21,909 (2015 est.) ++ 21,189 (2014 est.) ++ 21,189 (2013 est.) ++ 20,859 (2012 est.) ++ 20,649 (2011 est.)" + "text": "dong (VND) per US dollar - ++ 22,347 (2016 est.) ++ 21,909 (2015 est.) ++ 21,909 (2014 est.) ++ 21,189 (2013 est.) ++ 20,859 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "2,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "135 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -805,11 +794,11 @@ "text": "all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; main lines have been increased, and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 84; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3, the C2C, and Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong submarine cable systems; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable system, completed in 2009, provided new access links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 84; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3, the C2C, and Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong submarine cable systems; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable system, completed in 2009, provided new access links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stat (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government controls all broadcast media exercising oversight through the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC); government-controlled national TV provider, Vietnam Television (VTV), operates a network of 9 channels with several regional broadcasting centers; programming is relayed nationwide via a network of provincial and municipal TV stations; law limits access to satellite TV but many households are able to access foreign programming via home satellite equipment; government-controlled Voice of Vietnam, the national radio broadcaster, broadcasts on 6 channels and is repeated on AM, FM, and shortwave stations throughout Vietnam (2008)" + "text": "government controls all broadcast media exercising oversight through the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC); government-controlled national TV provider, Vietnam Television (VTV), operates a network of 9 channels with several regional broadcas (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".vn" diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index fea69f6f..6bea57f6 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents. ++ Albania has made progress in its democratic development since first holding multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. International observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997; however, most of Albania's post-communist elections have been marred by claims of electoral fraud. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became a candidate for EU accession. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles." + "text": "Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents. ++ Albania has made progress in its democratic development since first holding multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became a candidate for EU accession. Albania in November 2016 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations conditioned upon implementation of a judicial reform package passed the same year. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles." } }, "Geography": { @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ "text": "6.3% (2009)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.54% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -384,7 +384,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1912) also known as Flag Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest approved by the Assembly 21 October 1998, adopted by popular referendum 22 November 1998, promulgated 28 November 1998; amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest approved by the Assembly 21 October 1998, adopted by referendum 22 November 1998, promulgated 28 November 1998; amended several times, last in 2012" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of Assembly members; approval required by at least two-thirds vote of members; referendum required only if approved by two-thirds of Assembly; amendments approved by referendum effective upon declaration by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system except in the northern rural areas where customary law known as the \"Code of Leke\" prevails" @@ -439,7 +444,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into 4 divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members including the court president); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" + "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into 4 divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members including the court president); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president with the consent of the Assembly to serve single 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years; chairman elected by the People's Assembly for a single 3-year term; Court of Cassation judges, including the chairman, appointed by the president with the consent of the Assembly to serve single 9-year terms)" @@ -525,55 +530,55 @@ "text": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally-planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, more recently, the negative effects of the crisis have caused a significant economic slowdown. Close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone. ++ ++ Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.7% of GDP in 2014, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for almost half of employment but only about one-fifth of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. ++ ++ Albania’s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. Technical and non-technical losses in electricity - including theft and non-payment - continue to undermine the financial viability of the entire system, although the government has taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor national road and rail network, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth. ++ ++ Inward FDI has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania’s IMF program may be at risk, however, because the government has not collected sufficient tax revenue needed to reduce the budget deficit. The country continues to face increasing public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 73% in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$32.65 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.81 billion (2014 est.) ++ $31.18 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$34.21 billion (2016 est.) ++ $33.09 billion (2015 est.) ++ $32.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars ++ unreported output may be as large as 50% of official GDP" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars ++ unreported output may be as large as 50% of official GDP" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.54 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$12.14 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,900 (2015 est.) ++ $11,400 (2014 est.) ++ $11,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,900 (2016 est.) ++ $11,500 (2015 est.) ++ $11,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "18.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "15.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "85.8%" + "text": "85.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.6%" + "text": "10.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27.7%" + "text": "27.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.7%" + "text": "1.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "36.7%" + "text": "37.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-62.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-62.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "21.6%" }, "industry": { "text": "14.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "63.3% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "63.5% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -583,10 +588,10 @@ "text": "food and tobacco products; textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.122 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.179 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -621,50 +626,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.019 billion" + "text": "$3.203 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.472 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.546 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "71.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 69.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "71% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 71.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2.25% (31 December 2014) ++ 3% (31 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.7% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.66% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.7% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.054 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.066 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.054 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$5.72 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.269 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.588 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.756 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$7.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.231 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.008 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.311 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.71 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.612 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.281 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$854.7 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.241 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$810.5 million (2016 est.) ++ $854.7 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "textiles, footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco" @@ -673,7 +678,7 @@ "text": "Italy 43.4%, Kosovo 9.8%, US 7.7%, China 6.2%, Greece 5.3%, Spain 4.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.402 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.17 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.613 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.402 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals" @@ -682,24 +687,19 @@ "text": "Italy 33.5%, China 10.1%, Greece 9%, Turkey 6.7%, Germany 5.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$3.139 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.665 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.213 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.139 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.716 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.797 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.716 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$5.557 billion (31 December 2013) ++ $4.994 billion (31 December 2012)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar - ++ 125.96 (2015 est.) ++ 105.48 (2014 est.) ++ 105.48 (2013 est.) ++ 108.19 (2012 est.) ++ 100.9 (2011 est.)" + "text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar - ++ 127.4 (2016 est.) ++ 125.96 (2015 est.) ++ 125.96 (2014 est.) ++ 105.48 (2013 est.) ++ 108.19 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -792,14 +792,14 @@ "text": "despite new investment in fixed lines, teledensity remains low with roughly 10 fixed lines per 100 people; mobile-cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective" }, "domestic": { - "text": "offsetting the shortage of fixed-line capacity, mobile-cellular phone service has been available since 1996; by 2011, multiple companies were providing mobile services, and mobile teledensity had reached 100 per 100 persons; Internet broadband services initiated in 2005, but growth has been slow; Internet cafes are popular in Tirana and have started to spread outside the capital" + "text": "offsetting the shortage of fixed-line capacity, mobile-cellular phone service has been available since 1996; by 2011, multiple companies were providing mobile services, and mobile teledensity had reached 100 per 100 persons; Internet broadband services in" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 355; submarine cable provides connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; the Trans-Balkan Line, a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2015)" + "text": "country code - 355; submarine cable provides connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; the Trans-Balkan Line, a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international t (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "3 public TV networks, one of which transmits by satellite to Albanian-language communities in neighboring countries; more than 60 private TV stations; many viewers can pick up Italian and Greek TV broadcasts via terrestrial reception; cable TV service is available; 2 public radio networks and roughly 25 private radio stations; several international broadcasters are available (2010)" + "text": "3 public TV networks, one of which transmits by satellite to Albanian-language communities in neighboring countries; more than 60 private TV stations; many viewers can pick up Italian and Greek TV broadcasts via terrestrial reception; cable TV service is (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".al" diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index 6a665bf2..dcd84f54 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -303,7 +303,12 @@ "text": "Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; approval required by two-thirds majority vote of the General Council, by ratification in a referendum, and by the sanctioning of the coprinces (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon law" @@ -330,7 +335,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "French Coprince Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012); represented by Thierry LATASTE (since 5 January 2015) and Spanish Coprince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAUN (since 20 July 2012)" + "text": "French Coprince Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012); represented by Jean-Pierre HUGUES (since 15 June 2016) and Spanish Coprince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAUN (since 20 July 2012)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Head of Government (or Cap de Govern) Antoni MARTI PETIT (since 12 May 2011)" @@ -368,7 +373,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Citizens' Initiative or IC [Sergi RICART] (including PS, VA, IC, and independents) ++ Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT] ++ Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ, Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI] ++ Liberal Party or PLA [Josep PINTAT FORNE] ++ Social Democratic Party or PS [Vincenc ALAY FERRER] ++ Social Democratic Progress Party or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]", + "text": "Citizens' Initiative or IC [Sergi RICART] (including PS, VA, IC, and independents) ++ Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT] ++ Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ, Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI] ++ Liberal Party or PLA [Jordi GALLARDO] ++ Social Democratic Party or PS [Vincenc ALAY FERRER] ++ Social Democratic Progress Party or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]", "note": { "text": "there are also several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)" } @@ -520,15 +525,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "91.24 million kWh (2011)" }, @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels available (2012)" + "text": "1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ad" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 53e8a4c4..3424250d 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -351,7 +351,12 @@ "text": "National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian-corporate constitution), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation; latest reinstated 1 May 1945 (1920 constitution with 1929 revisions); amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian corporate state), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation, reinstated 1 May 1945" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed through laws designated “constitutional laws” or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least two-thirds majority vote of the National Assembly if one-half of the members are present; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court" @@ -378,7 +383,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Acting Presidents Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), Norbert HOFER (FPOe) (since 8 July 2016)" + "text": "Presidents Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), Norbert HOFER (FPOe) (since 8 July 2016); note - until Alexander VAN DER BELLEN is sworn into office on 26 January 2017" }, "head of government": { "text": "Chancellor Christian KERN (SPOe) (since 17 May 2016); Vice Chancellor Reinhold MITTERLEHNER (OeVP) (since 1 September 2014)" @@ -387,10 +392,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round) and 22 May 2016 (second round), the latter was ruled invalid and a re-vote will be held 4 December 2016; next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round), 22 May 2016 (second round, which was annulled), and 4 December 2016 (second round re-vote); next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander van der BELLIEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander van der BELLIEN 50.3%, Norbet HOFER 49.7%; on 1 July 2016, the Constitutional Court ordered a rerun of the 22 May 2016 runoff election to be held 2 October 2016; former President Heinz FISCHER's term ended July 8; his functions were replaced by the three Presidents of the National Council Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), and Norbert HOFER (FPOe)" + "text": "percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbet HOFER 46.2%; note - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN will probably be sworn into office 26 January 2017" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -416,7 +421,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] ++ Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] ++ Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE] ++ The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] ++ NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ] ++ Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN] ++ \"Team Stronach\" [Frank STRONACH]" + "text": "Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] ++ Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] ++ Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz-Christian STRACHE] ++ The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] ++ NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ] ++ Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN] ++ \"Team Stronach\" [Frank STRONACH]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) ++ Federal Agriculture Chamber (OeVP-dominated) ++ Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated) ++ Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank) ++ OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV ++ Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action", @@ -487,44 +492,44 @@ "text": "Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a relatively sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. ++ ++ Economic growth has been relatively weak in recent years, approaching 0.9% in 2015. Austria's 5.8% unemployment rate, while low by European standards, is at its highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market. Without extensive vocational training programs and generous early retirement, the unemployment rate would be even higher. ++ ++ Although Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, it faces several external risks, such as unexpectedly weak world economic growth threatening the export market, Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, repercussions from the Hypo Alpe Adria bank collapse, political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis, the current refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine. Early signs point towards a slight improvement in 2016, driven by low interest rates on government debt. Currently, the budget deficit stands at 2.7% of GDP and public debt has reached a post-war high of 84.2% of the GDP." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$404.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $400.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $399.4 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$415.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $410.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $406.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$374.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$387.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.) ++ 0.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$47,300 (2015 est.) ++ $47,100 (2014 est.) ++ $47,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$47,900 (2016 est.) ++ $47,600 (2015 est.) ++ $47,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "25.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.6%" + "text": "52.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.9%" + "text": "20%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.6%" + "text": "22.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "53%" + "text": "53.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-48.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-49% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -532,10 +537,10 @@ "text": "1.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.3%" + "text": "28.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "70.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "70.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -545,10 +550,10 @@ "text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.889 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.944 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -562,7 +567,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.7% (2015 est.) ++ 5.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (2016 est.) ++ 5.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "4% (2014 est.)" @@ -580,53 +585,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$189.1 billion" + "text": "$187.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$193.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$192.6 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "50.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "86.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 84.3% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "85.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 86.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices" + "text": "this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95):" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $191.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$203.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$428.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $439.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$319.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $317.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$462.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $507.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$467 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $462.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$106 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $82.37 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $67.68 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$96.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $96.79 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $117.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$13.46 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.437 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.19 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.583 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$142.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $166 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$141.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $142.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs" @@ -635,7 +640,7 @@ "text": "Germany 29.4%, US 6.4%, Italy 6.1%, Switzerland 5.7%, France 4.4%, Slovakia 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$140 billion (2015 est.) ++ $164 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$138.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $140 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products, natural gas; foodstuffs" @@ -647,24 +652,19 @@ "text": "$22.24 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $24.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$675 billion (30 September 2015 est.) ++ $740.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$689.1 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $679.3 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$294.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $321 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$304.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $294.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$349.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $367.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$363.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $349.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "59 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -757,14 +757,14 @@ "text": "highly developed and efficient" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is available in major cities" + "text": "fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is avail" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 43; earth stations available in the Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2016)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet streaming not only complements, but increasingly replaces regular TV stations (2016)" + "text": "worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet stre (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".at" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index f130287f..bae157f2 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Political divisions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. Its capital, Brussels, is home to numerous international organizations including the EU and NATO." + "text": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Political divisions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. Its capital, Brussels, is home to numerous international organizations including the EU and NATO." } }, "Geography": { @@ -365,7 +365,12 @@ "text": "21 July (1831) Ascension Day (ascension to the throne of King LEOPOLD I)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "drafted 25 November 1830, approved 7 February 1831, entered into force 26 July 1831, revised 14 July 1993 (creating a federal state); amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "drafted 25 November 1830, approved 7 February 1831, entered into force 26 July 1831, revised 14 July 1993 (creating a federal state)" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "\"revisions\" proposed as declarations by the federal government in accord with the king or by Parliament followed by dissolution of Parliament and new elections; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in both houses of the next elected Parliament; amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on the French Civil Code; note - Belgian law continues to be modified in conformance with the legislative norms mandated by the European Union; judicial review of legislative acts" @@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 31 indirectly elected by Community Parliaments; members serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (60 seats; 50 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 10 indirectly elected by Community Parliaments; members serve 5-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "note": { "text": "the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform" @@ -503,44 +508,44 @@ "text": "This modern, open, and private-enterprise-based economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the more heavily-populated region of Flanders in the north. With few natural resources, Belgium imports substantial quantities of raw materials and exports a large volume of manufactures, making its economy vulnerable to shifts in foreign demand, particularly with Belgium’s EU trade partners. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries. ++ ++ In 2015, Belgian GDP grew by 1.4%, the unemployment rate stabilized at 8.6%, and the budget deficit was 2.7% of GDP. Prime Minister Charles MICHEL's center-right government has pledged to further reduce the deficit in response to EU pressure to reduce Belgium's high public debt, which remains above 100% of GDP, but such efforts could also dampen economic growth. In addition to restrained public spending, low wage growth and high unemployment promise to curtail a more robust recovery in private consumption. ++ ++ The government has pledged to pursue a reform program to improve Belgium’s competitiveness, including changes to tax policy, labor market rules, and welfare benefits. These changes risk worsening tensions with trade unions and triggering extended strikes." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$494.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $487.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $481 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$508.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $501.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $494.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$454.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$470.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$43,600 (2015 est.) ++ $43,500 (2014 est.) ++ $43,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$44,900 (2016 est.) ++ $44,700 (2015 est.) ++ $44,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "23.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 22.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "51.5%" + "text": "51.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "24.2%" + "text": "24%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "23.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.7%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "84.4%" + "text": "83.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-82.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-82.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -548,10 +553,10 @@ "text": "0.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.9%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "77.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "77.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -561,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, base metals, textiles, glass, petroleum" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.247 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.272 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -578,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "8.5% (2015 est.) ++ 8.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2016 est.) ++ 8.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -596,29 +601,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$233.4 billion" + "text": "$232.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$245.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$245 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "51.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "106.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 106.6% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "106.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 106.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ 0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", @@ -627,28 +632,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.46% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.23% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.46% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$181.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $182.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$193 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $181.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$606.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $630.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$660.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $750.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$646.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $660.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$300.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $229.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $269.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$414.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $378.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $374.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$2.359 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.147 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$585 million (2016 est.) ++ -$155 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$259.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $320.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$250.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $259.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "chemicals, machinery and equipment, finished diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs" @@ -657,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "Germany 16.9%, France 15.5%, Netherlands 11.4%, UK 8.8%, US 6%, Italy 5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$259.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $325.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$251.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $259.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, machinery and equipment, chemicals, raw diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products" @@ -669,24 +674,19 @@ "text": "$24.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.312 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.285 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.281 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $1.214 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.034 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.055 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.045 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.034 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.01 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.024 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.01 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.01 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "68 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network coexisting with private broadcasters (2007)" + "text": "a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".be" @@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ "text": "15 (Denmark 4, France 7, Russia 1, UK 2, US 1)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "107 (Bahamas 6, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, France 7, Gibraltar 1, Greece 17, Hong Kong 26, Liberia 1, Luxembourg 11, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 1, Mozambique 2, North Korea 1, Panama 1, Portugal 8, Russia 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 1, Vanuatu 1) (2010)" + "text": "107 (Bahamas 6, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, France 7, Gibraltar 1, Greece 17, Hong Kong 26, Liberia 1, Luxembourg 11, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 1, Mozambique 2, North Korea 1, Panama 1, Portugal 8, Russia 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1994 (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "0.97% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.01% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.05% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.05% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.08% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "0.85% of GDP (2016) ++ 0.91% of GDP (2015) ++ 0.97% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.01% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.05% of GDP (2012)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index af558f73..6b1af446 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -385,7 +385,12 @@ } }, "Constitution": { - "text": "14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords); amended several times, last in 2009; note - each of the entities has its own constitution (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords); note - each of the political entities has its own constitution" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "decided by the Parliamentary Assembly, including a two-thirds majority vote of members present in the House of Representatives; the constitutional article on human rights and fundamental freedoms cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2009 " + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" @@ -412,7 +417,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Bakir IZETBEGOVIC (chairman since 17 March 2016, presidency member since 10 November 2010 - Bosniak); Dragan COVIC (presidency member since 17 November 2014 - Croat); Mladen IVANIC (presidency member since 17 November 2014 - Serb)" + "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Mladen IVANIC (chairman since 17 November 2016, presidency member since 17 November 2014 - Serb); Dragan COVIC (presidency member since 17 November 2014 - Croat); Bakir IZETBEGOVIC (presidency member since 10 November 2010 - Bosniak)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Denis ZVIZDIC (since 11 February 2015)" @@ -453,7 +458,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC] ++ Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK] ++ Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC] ++ Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilovic or BPS-Sefer Halilovic [Sefer HALILOVIC] ++ Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC] ++ Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA] ++ Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC] ++ Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [acting president Ilija CVITANOVIC] ++ Croatian Party of Rights or HSP BiH [Stanko PRIMORAC] ++ Croatian Party of Rights of Herceg-Bosne or HSP HB [Vesna PINJUH] ++ Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] ++ Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC] ++ Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC] ++ Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC] ++ Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC] ++ People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC] ++ Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mladen BOSIC] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]" + "text": "Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC] ++ Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK] ++ Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC] ++ Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilovic or BPS-Sefer Halilovic [Sefer HALILOVIC] ++ Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC] ++ Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA] ++ Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC] ++ Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [acting president Ilija CVITANOVIC] ++ Croatian Party of Rights or HSP BiH [Stanko PRIMORAC] ++ Croatian Party of Rights of Herceg-Bosne or HSP HB [Vesna PINJUH] ++ Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] ++ Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC] ++ Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC] ++ Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC] ++ Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC] ++ People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC] ++ Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Vukota GOVEDARICA] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -485,7 +490,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Maureen CORMACK (since 16 January 2015)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "1 Robert C. Frasure Street, 71000 Sarajevo" + "text": "1 Roberta C. Frasurea Street, 71000 Sarajevo" }, "mailing address": { "text": "use embassy street address" @@ -526,25 +531,25 @@ "text": "Bosnia has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals, energy, textiles, and furniture as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, now control most of the banking sector. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has remained stable. ++ ++ Interethnic warfare in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar, but the economy made progress until 2008, when the global economic crisis caused a downturn. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007. ++ ++ Bosnia's private sector is growing slowly, but foreign investment has dropped sharply since 2007. Government spending - including transfer payments - remains high, at roughly 40% of GDP, because of redundant government offices at the national, sub-national, and municipal level. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a steady source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity. National-level statistics have also improved over time but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded. ++ ++ Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$40.53 billion (2015 est.) ++ $39.43 billion (2014 est.) ++ $39.01 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$42.53 billion (2016 est.) ++ $41.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $40.03 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$15.79 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$16.53 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.) ++ 2.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$10,500 (2015 est.) ++ $10,200 (2014 est.) ++ $10,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,000 (2016 est.) ++ $10,700 (2015 est.) ++ $10,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "10.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 10.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -557,24 +562,24 @@ "text": "18.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.3%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "32.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-55.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-55.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "7.9%" + "text": "7.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.5%" + "text": "26.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "65.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "65.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -584,10 +589,10 @@ "text": "steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.47 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.48 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -601,7 +606,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "43.2% (2015 est.) ++ 43.9% (2014 est.)", + "text": "43.2% (2015 est.) ++ 43.2% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy" } @@ -622,50 +627,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$7.606 billion" + "text": "$7.681 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$7.933 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$7.975 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "48.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "46.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "46.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 44.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "46.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 46.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ -1% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.79% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.64% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.79% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.538 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.008 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$9.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$9.389 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.23 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.367 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.389 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.078 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.45 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$847 million (2016 est.) ++ -$901 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.95 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.489 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.93 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.95 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "metals, clothing, wood products" @@ -674,7 +679,7 @@ "text": "Slovenia 16.5%, Italy 15.9%, Germany 12.1%, Croatia 11.5%, Austria 11.1%, Turkey 5.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.173 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.982 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.765 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.173 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs" @@ -683,10 +688,10 @@ "text": "Croatia 19.3%, Germany 13.9%, Slovenia 13.8%, Italy 10.9%, Austria 5.7%, Hungary 5.2%, Turkey 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$4.791 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.858 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.791 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$9.597 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.768 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.597 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$7.92 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.721 billion (2013 est.)" @@ -695,15 +700,10 @@ "text": "$0 (2014)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar - ++ 1.7626 (2015 est.) ++ 1.4742 (2014 est.) ++ 1.4718 (2013 est.) ++ 1.52 (2012 est.) ++ 1.407 (2011 est.)" + "text": "konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar - ++ 1.806 (2016 est.) ++ 1.7626 (2015 est.) ++ 1.7626 (2014 est.) ++ 1.4718 (2013 est.) ++ 1.52 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "15 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Republika Srpska Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 3 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV broadcasting stations; 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations (2010)" + "text": "3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Republika Srpska Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 3 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV bro (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ba" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index e9b9abf0..dbeec0e3 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ "text": "1.3% (2005)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -376,7 +376,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1991 and early 1994, signed 15 March 1994; amended 1996, 2004 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1991 and early 1994, signed 15 March 1994" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through petition to the National Assembly or by at least 150,000 eligible voters; approval required by at least two-thirds vote of members in both chambers or by simple majority of eligible voters in a referendum (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; note - nearly all major codes (civil, civil procedure, criminal, criminal procedure, family, and labor) have been revised and came into force in 1999 or 2000" @@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ "text": "president Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "prime minister Andrey KABYAKOV (since 27 December 2014); first deputy prime minister Vasily MATYUSHEVSKIY (since 27 December 2014)" + "text": "prime minister Andrey KOBYAKOV (since 27 December 2014); first deputy prime minister Vasily MATYUSHEVSKIY (since 27 December 2014)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -420,13 +425,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of the Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms); note - the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly" + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobraniye consists of the Council of the Republic or Sovet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms); note - the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly" }, "elections": { - "text": "Palata Predstaviteley - last held on 11 September 2016 (next to be held in 2020); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won virtually every seat with only the UCP member and one independent forming opposition representation in the chamber; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008 and 23 September 2012, also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every seat" + "text": "House of Representatives - last held on 11 September 2016 (next to be held in 2020); OSCE observers determined that the election was neither free nor impartial and that vote counting was problematic in a number of polling stations; pro-LUKASHENKO candidates won virtually every seat with only the UCP member and one independent forming opposition representation in the House; international observers determined that the previous elections, on 28 September 2008 and 23 September 2012, also fell short of democratic standards, with pro-LUKASHENKO candidates winning every seat" }, "election results": { - "text": "Sovet Respubliki - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Palata Predstaviteley - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 8, Belarusian Patriotic Party 3, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 3, LDP 1, UCP 1, independents 104" + "text": "Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KPB 8, Belarusian Patriotic Party 3, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 3, LDP 1, UCP 1, independents 104" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -434,7 +439,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairman, and organized into several specialized panels including economic and military; number of judges set by the president of the republic and the court chairman); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 judges including a chairman and deputy chairman)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the consent of the Council of the Republic; judges initially appointed for 5 years and evaluated for life appointment; Constitutional Court judges - 6 including the court chairman appointed by the president and 6 elected by the Chamber of Representatives; judges can serve for 11 years with an age limit of 70" + "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the consent of the Council of the Republic; judges initially appointed for 5 years and evaluated for life appointment; Constitutional Court judges - 6 including the court chairman appointed by the president and 6 elected by the House of Representatives; judges can serve for 11 years with an age limit of 70" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "provincial (including Minsk city) courts; first instance (district) courts; economic courts; military courts" @@ -473,7 +478,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant; left in 2008 upon insistence of Belarusian Government); Charge d'Affaires Scott RAULAND (since 30 June 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant; left in 2008 upon insistence of Belarusian Government); Charge d'Affaires Robert RILEY (since 22 August 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "46 Starovilenskaya Street, Minsk 220002" @@ -511,55 +516,55 @@ "text": "As part of the former Soviet Union, Belarus had a relatively well-developed, though aging industrial base; it retained this industrial base - which is now outdated, energy inefficient, and dependent on subsidized Russian energy and preferential access to Russian markets - following the breakup of the USSR. The country also has a broad agricultural base which is largely inefficient and dependent on government subsidies. After an initial burst of capitalist reform from 1991-94, including privatization of smaller state enterprises and some service sector businesses, creation of institutions of private property, and development of entrepreneurship, Belarus' economic development greatly slowed. About 80% of all industry remains in state hands, and foreign investment has been hindered by a climate hostile to business. A few banks, which had been privatized after independence, were renationalized. State banks account for 75% of the banking sector. ++ ++ Economic output, which had declined for several years following the collapse of the Soviet Union, revived in the mid-2000s due to the boom in oil prices. Belarus has only small reserves of crude oil, though it imports most of its crude oil and natural gas from Russia at prices substantially below the world market. Belarus exported refined oil products at market prices produced from Russian crude oil purchased at a steep discount. In late 2006, Russia began a process of rolling back its subsidies on oil and gas to Belarus. Tensions over Russian energy reached a peak in 2010, when Russia stopped the export of all subsidized oil to Belarus save for domestic needs. In December 2010, Russia and Belarus reached a deal to restart the export of discounted oil to Belarus. In 2015, Belarus continued to import Russian crude oil at a discounted price. However, the plunge in global oil prices heavily reduced revenues. ++ ++ Little new foreign investment has occurred in recent years. In 2011, a financial crisis began, triggered by government directed salary hikes unsupported by commensurate productivity increases. The crisis was compounded by an increased cost in Russian energy inputs and an overvalued Belarusian ruble, and eventually led to a near three-fold devaluation of the Belarusian ruble in 2011. In November 2011, Belarus agreed to sell to Russia its remaining shares in Beltransgaz, the Belarusian natural gas pipeline operator, in exchange for reduced prices for Russian natural gas. Receiving part of a $3 billion loan from the Russian-dominated Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) Bail-out Fund, a $1 billion loan from the Russian state-owned bank Sberbank, and the $2.5 billion sale of Beltransgaz to Russian state-owned Gazprom helped stabilize the situation in 2012; nevertheless, the Belarusian currency lost more than 60% of its value, as the rate of inflation reached new highs in 2011 and 2012, before calming in 2013. In December 2013, Russia announced a new loan for Belarus of up to $2 billion for 2014. Notwithstanding foreign assistance, the Belarusian economy continued to struggle under the weight of high external debt servicing payments and trade deficit. In mid-December 2014, structural economic shortcomings were aggravated by the devaluation of the Russian ruble and triggered a near 40% devaluation of the Belarusian ruble. Belarus entered 2015 with stagnant economic growth and reduced hard currency reserves, with under one month of import cover." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$167.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $174.5 billion (2014 est.) ++ $171.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$165.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $170.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $177.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.61 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$48.13 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-3.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.) ++ 1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-3% (2016 est.) ++ -3.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$17,700 (2015 est.) ++ $18,400 (2014 est.) ++ $18,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$17,500 (2016 est.) ++ $17,900 (2015 est.) ++ $18,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 28.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 30.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "50.3%" + "text": "54.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.9%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "28.6%" + "text": "30.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "6%" + "text": "2.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "60%" + "text": "57.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-59.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-60.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8.9%" + "text": "9.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "41.3%" + "text": "40.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "49.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -569,7 +574,7 @@ "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-6.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4.546 million (2013 est.)" @@ -607,50 +612,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$22.97 billion" + "text": "$21.21 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$22.17 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$20.92 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "44.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "48.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "60.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 48.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "13.6% (2015 est.) ++ 18.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "14% (2016 est.) ++ 13.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "20% (13 August 2014) ++ 10.5% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "18.08% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 18.74% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "18% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 18.08% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.301 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.524 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.232 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.301 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$5.651 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.608 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$22.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.09 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $22.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.064 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$5.197 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.379 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.074 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$26.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.42 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.65 billion (2016 est.) ++ $26.19 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs" @@ -659,7 +664,7 @@ "text": "Russia 39%, UK 11.2%, Ukraine 9.5%, Netherlands 4.3%, Germany 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$28.33 billion (2015 est.) ++ $38.06 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.44 billion (2016 est.) ++ $28.33 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals" @@ -668,10 +673,10 @@ "text": "Russia 56.6%, China 7.9%, Germany 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$4.176 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.059 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.206 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.176 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$34.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $40.01 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$34.75 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $34.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$10.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" @@ -680,15 +685,10 @@ "text": "$6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar - ++ 15,926 (2015 est.) ++ 10,224.1 (2014 est.) ++ 10,224.1 (2013 est.) ++ 8,336.9 (2012 est.) ++ 4,974.6 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar - ++ 18,500 (2016 est.) ++ 15,926 (2015 est.) ++ 15,926 (2014 est.) ++ 10,224.1 (2013 est.) ++ 8,336.9 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "33 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -781,10 +781,10 @@ "text": "Belarus lags behind its neighbors in upgrading telecommunications infrastructure; modernization of the network progressing with roughly two-thirds of switching equipment now digital" }, "domestic": { - "text": "state-owned Beltelcom is the sole provider of fixed-line local and long distance service; fixed-line teledensity is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; multiple GSM mobile-cellular networks are experiencing rapid growth; mobile-cellular teledensity now approaching 120 telephones per 100 persons" + "text": "state-owned Beltelcom is the sole provider of fixed-line local and long distance service; fixed-line teledensity is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; multiple GSM mobile-cellular networks are experiencing rapid growth; mobile-cell" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations (2015)" + "text": "country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwi (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { @@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.3% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.2% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.27% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.3% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.3% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.2% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.27% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index b7d16352..c70eecb4 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ "text": "25.6% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -373,7 +373,12 @@ "text": "Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 12 July 1991; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 13 July 1991" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; passage requires three-fourths majority vote of National Assembly members in three ballots; signed by the National Assembly chairperson; note - under special circumstances, a \"Grand National Assembly\" is elected with the authority to write a new constitution and amend certain articles of the constitution, including those affecting basic civil rights and national sovereignty; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in each of several readings; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law" @@ -409,10 +414,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 and 30 October 2011 (next to be held 6 November 2016); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" + "text": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 and 13 November 2016 (next to be held fall 2021); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "Rosen PLEVNELIEV elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Rosen PLEVNELIEV (independent) 52.6%, Ivailo KALFIN (BSP) 47.4%" + "text": "Rumen RADEV elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Rumen RADEV (independent) 59.4%, Tsetska TSACHEVA (GERB) 36.2%, 4.5% neither; note - Rumen RADEV will assume office on 22 January 2017" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -438,7 +443,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alternative for Bulgarian Revival or ABV [Georgi PARVANOV] ++ Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV] ++ Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Mihail MIKOV] ++ Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Meglena KUNEVA] ++ Bulgaria Without Censorship or BBTs [Nikolay BAREKOV] ++ Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV] ++ Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Mikhail MIKOV] (coalition dominated by BSP) ++ Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Radan KANEV] ++ IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV] ++ Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Lyutvi MESTAN] ++ National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV] ++ National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2) ++ Patriotic Front or PF (alliance of IMRO-BNM and NFSB) ++ Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Bozhidar LUKARSKI] ++ Reformist Bloc or RB (a five-party alliance including the DSB, DBG, and SDS)" + "text": "Alternative for Bulgarian Revival or ABV [Georgi PARVANOV] ++ Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV] ++ Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Mihail MIKOV] ++ Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Meglena KUNEVA] ++ Bulgaria Without Censorship or BBTs [Nikolay BAREKOV] ++ Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV] ++ Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Mikhail MIKOV] (coalition dominated by BSP) ++ Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Radan KANEV] ++ IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV] ++ Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Lyutvi MESTAN] ++ National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV] ++ National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2) ++ United Patriots Front (alliance of IMRO-BNM, NFSB, and Attack) ++ Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Bozhidar LUKARSKI] ++ Reformist Bloc or RB (a five-party alliance including the DSB, DBG, and SDS)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB ++ Podkrepa Labor Confederation", @@ -471,7 +476,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Eric RUBIN (since February 2016)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1408" + "text": "16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1407" }, "mailing address": { "text": "American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740" @@ -509,44 +514,44 @@ "text": "Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% annual growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of bank lending, consumption, and foreign direct investment. ++ ++ Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn sharply reduced domestic demand, exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP contracted by 5.5% in 2009, and has been slow to recover in the years since. ++ ++ Despite a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$133.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $130.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $128.2 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$143.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $138.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $134.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$47.17 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$50.45 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$19,100 (2015 est.) ++ $18,500 (2014 est.) ++ $18,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$20,100 (2016 est.) ++ $19,400 (2015 est.) ++ $18,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 22.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 22.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "60.9%" + "text": "60.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.3%" + "text": "15.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "66.5%" + "text": "69.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-65% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-66.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -554,10 +559,10 @@ "text": "5.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.6%" + "text": "27.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "67.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "67.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -567,12 +572,12 @@ "text": "electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.552 million", + "text": "2.525 million", "note": { - "text": "number of employed persons (2015 est.)" + "text": "number of employed persons (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -587,7 +592,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.) ++ 11.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.9% (2016 est.) ++ 10.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.8% (2014 est.)" @@ -605,29 +610,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$18.25 billion" + "text": "$18.44 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$19.12 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$19.18 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "36.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "26.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "26.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" + "text": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding f" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.1% (2015 est.) ++ -1.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.7% (2016 est.) ++ -0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.01% (31 December 2015) ++ 0.03% (31 December 2014)", @@ -636,25 +641,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.48% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.28% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.48% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$20.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $20.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$41.32 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $37.99 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$41.19 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $41.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$29.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$28.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $29.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$4.797 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.666 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$1.043 billion (2015 est.) ++ $658 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$400 million (2016 est.) ++ $676 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$24.62 billion (2015 est.) ++ $27.94 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $24.62 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels" @@ -663,7 +668,7 @@ "text": "Germany 12.5%, Italy 9.2%, Turkey 8.5%, Romania 8.2%, Greece 6.5%, France 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$26.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.63 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$28.47 billion (2016 est.) ++ $26.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials" @@ -672,27 +677,22 @@ "text": "Germany 12.9%, Russia 12%, Italy 7.6%, Romania 6.8%, Turkey 5.7%, Greece 4.8%, Spain 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$22.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.12 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $22.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$42.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $48.74 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$42.42 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$44.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $51.78 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$46.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $44.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$4.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.354 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.79 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar - ++ 1.7644 (2015 est.) ++ 1.4742 (2014 est.) ++ 1.4742 (2013 est.) ++ 1.52 (2012 est.) ++ 1.4053 (2011 est.)" + "text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar - ++ 1.802 (2016 est.) ++ 1.7644 (2015 est.) ++ 1.7644 (2014 est.) ++ 1.4742 (2013 est.) ++ 1.52 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "44 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -782,17 +782,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay" + "text": "inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio r" }, "domestic": { "text": "the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 in an effort to upgrade fixed-line services; mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, is over 125 telephones per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010)" + "text": "4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations bro (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bg" @@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ "text": "67 (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "45,474 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016)" + "text": "46,457 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index ae0e5e49..aa8a1592 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ "text": "24.5% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "604% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -415,10 +415,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; vice president (vacant); note - vice presidency reserved for Turkish Cypriot" + "text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; vice president (vacant); note - vice presidency reserved for Turkish Cypriot" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013)" + "text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the 1960 constitution, 3 of the ministerial posts reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president; positions currently filled by Greek Cypriots" @@ -427,10 +427,10 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term; election last held on 17 and 24 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Nicos ANASTASIADES elected president; percent of vote in first round - Nicos ANASTASIADES (DISY) 45.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 26.9%, Giorgos LILLIKAS (SP) 24.9%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Nicos ANASTASIADES 57.5%, Savros MALAS 42.5%" + "text": "Nikos ANASTASIADIS elected president; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 45.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 26.9%, Giorgos LILLIKAS (SP) 24.9%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 57.5%, Savros MALAS 42.5%" }, "note": { - "text": "Mustafa AKINCI elected \"president\" of the \"TRNC\" on 30 April 2015; percent of vote in first round (19 April 2015) - Dervis EROGLU (UBP) 28.2%, Mustafa AKINCI (TDP) 26.9%, other 44.9%; percent of vote in runoff (26 April 2015) - AKINCI 60.5%, EROGLU 39.5%; Huseyin OZGURGUN is \"TRNC prime minister\" since 8 April 2016" + "text": "Mustafa AKINCI assumed office as \"president\" of the \"TRNC\" on 30 April 2015; percent of vote in first round (19 April 2015) - Dervis EROGLU (UBP) 28.2%, Mustafa AKINCI (TDP) 26.9%, other 44.9%; percent of vote in runoff (26 April 2015) - AKINCI 60.5%, EROGLU 39.5%; Huseyin OZGURGUN is \"TRNC prime minister\" since 8 April 2016" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ }, "Political parties and leaders": { "area under government control": { - "text": " ++ Citizens' Alliance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS] ++ Democratic Party or DIKO [Nikolas PAPADOPOULOS] ++ Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU (of Neofytou)] ++ Ecological and Environmental Movement or KOP (Green Party) [Giorgos PERDIKIS] ++ European Party or EVROKO [Dimitris SYLLOURIS] ++ Movement of Social Democrats or KS-EDEK [Marinos SIZOPOULOS] ++ National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU] ++ Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Andros KYPRIANOU] ++ Solidarity Movement [Eleni THEOCHAROUS] ++ United Democrats or EDI [Praxoula ANTONIADOU]" + "text": " ++ Citizens' Alliance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS] ++ Democratic Party or DIKO [Nikolas PAPADOPOULOS] ++ Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU (of Neofytou)] ++ Ecological and Environmental Movement or KOP (Green Party) [Giorgos PERDIKIS] ++ European Party or EVROKO [Dimitris SYLLOURIS] ++ Movement of Social Democrats-United Democratic Center Union or KS-EDEK [Marinos SIZOPOULOS] ++ National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU] ++ Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist party) [Andros KYPRIANOU] ++ Solidarity Movement [Eleni THEOCHAROUS] ++ United Democrats or EDI [Praxoula ANTONIADOU]" }, "area administered by Turkish Cypriots": { "text": " ++ Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Cemal OZYIGIT] ++ Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Mehmet BIRINCI] ++ Democrat Party- National Forces or DP-UG [Serdar DENKTAS] ++ National Justice Party or UAP [Fatma SOLMAZ] ++ National Unity Party or UBP [Huseyin OZGURGUN] ++ New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI] ++ People's Party or HP [Kudret OZERSAY] ++ Republican Turkish Party-United Forces or CTP-BG [Mehmet Ali TALAT] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tozun TUNALI] ++ United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]" @@ -537,229 +537,6 @@ "text": "Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU \"acquis communautaire\" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. The market-based economy of the \"TRNC\" is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. In 2012 - the latest year for which data are available - the services sector, which includes the public sector, trade, tourism, and education, contributed 58.7% to economic output. In the same year, light manufacturing and agriculture contributed 2.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. The “TRNC” maintains few economic ties with the Republic of Cyprus outside of trade in construction materials. Since its creation, the \"TRNC\" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey, which supports the \"TRNC\" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions. The \"TRNC\" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy because of its use of the Turkish Lira. The \"TRNC\" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed - compared to the Republic of Cyprus - because of the lack of financial sector development, the health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. The \"TRNC\" economy experienced growth estimated at 2.8% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014 and is projected to grow 3.8% in 2015. " } }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$28.06 billion (2015 est.) ++ $27.62 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.33 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" - }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.829 billion (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$19.33 billion (2015 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ -2.5% (2014 est.) ++ -5.9% (2013 est.)", - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$32,800 (2015 est.) ++ $32,600 (2014 est.) ++ $33,000 (2013 est.)", - "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" - } - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "text": "11.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 8.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 8.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" - }, - "GDP - composition, by end use": { - "household consumption": { - "text": "70.2%" - }, - "government consumption": { - "text": "15.8%" - }, - "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.4%" - }, - "investment in inventories": { - "text": "2%" - }, - "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "59.9%" - }, - "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-61.3% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.4%" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "10.5%" - }, - "services": { - "text": "87.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Agriculture - products": { - "text": "citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese", - "Agriculture - products": { - "text": "citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb" - } - }, - "Industries": { - "text": "tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products", - "Industries": { - "text": "foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture" - } - }, - "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.)", - "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-0.3% (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "424,400 (2015 est.)", - "Labor force": { - "text": "95,030 (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "Labor force - by occupation": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.8%" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.2%" - }, - "services": { - "text": "81% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Labor force - by occupation": { - "text": "agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004)" - } - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "14.9% (2015 est.) ++ 16.2% (2014 est.)", - "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.4% (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "NA%", - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "%NA" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "3.3%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "28.8% (2014)" - } - }, - "Distribution of family income - Gini index": { - "text": "34.8 (2014 est.) ++ 32.4 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Budget": { - "revenues": { - "text": "$7.547 billion" - }, - "expenditures": { - "text": "$7.747 billion (2015 est.)" - }, - "Budget": { - "text": "revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)" - } - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, - "Public debt": { - "text": "108.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 108.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", - "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" - } - }, - "Fiscal year": { - "text": "calendar year" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-2.1% (2015 est.) ++ -1.4% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Central bank discount rate": { - "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", - "note": { - "text": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" - } - }, - "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.69% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.88% (31 December 2014 est.)" - }, - "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.031 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.343 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", - "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" - } - }, - "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$43.41 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $47.99 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" - }, - "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$59.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $65.42 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" - }, - "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.996 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.853 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.834 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$992 million (2015 est.) ++ -$1.052 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exports": { - "text": "$2.759 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.751 billion (2014 est.)", - "Exports": { - "text": "$68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing" - }, - "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Greece 10.9%, Ireland 10.2%, UK 7.2%, Israel 6% (2015)" - }, - "Imports": { - "text": "$6.286 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.473 billion (2014 est.)", - "Imports": { - "text": "$1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, machinery, transport equipment" - }, - "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Greece 25.7%, UK 9.1%, Italy 8%, Germany 7.5%, Israel 5.5%, China 4.8%, Netherlands 4.1% (2015)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$807.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $890.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)", - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$NA" - } - }, - "Debt - external": { - "text": "$95.28 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $103.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)", - "Debt - external": { - "text": "$NA" - } - }, - "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$140.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $151 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" - }, - "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$135.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $140.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)", - "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.9 (2013) 1.8 (2012) 1.668 (2011) 1.5026 (2010) 1.55 (2009)" - } - }, "Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots": { "Economy - overview": { "text": "Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU \"acquis communautaire\" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. The market-based economy of the \"TRNC\" is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. In 2012 - the latest year for which data are available - the services sector, which includes the public sector, trade, tourism, and education, contributed 58.7% to economic output. In the same year, light manufacturing and agriculture contributed 2.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. The “TRNC” maintains few economic ties with the Republic of Cyprus outside of trade in construction materials. Since its creation, the \"TRNC\" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey, which supports the \"TRNC\" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions. The \"TRNC\" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy because of its use of the Turkish Lira. The \"TRNC\" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed - compared to the Republic of Cyprus - because of the lack of financial sector development, the health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. The \"TRNC\" economy experienced growth estimated at 2.8% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014 and is projected to grow 3.8% in 2015. " @@ -837,16 +614,234 @@ "text": "Turkish new lira (YTL)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.9 (2013) 1.8 (2012) 1.668 (2011) 1.5026 (2010) 1.55 (2009)" + "text": "Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.9 (2013) 1.8 (2012) 1.67 (2011) 1.5 (2010) 1.55 (2009)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "text": "$29.26 billion (2016 est.) ++ $28.47 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.05 billion (2014 est.)", + "note": { + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "text": "$1.829 billion (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$19.93 billion (2015 est.)" + }, + "GDP - real growth rate": { + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.) ++ -2.5% (2014 est.)", + "GDP - real growth rate": { + "text": "2.3% (2014 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { + "text": "$34,400 (2016 est.) ++ $33,600 (2015 est.) ++ $32,700 (2014 est.)", + "note": { + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" + } + }, + "Gross national saving": { + "text": "9.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 8.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + }, + "GDP - composition, by end use": { + "household consumption": { + "text": "69.1%" + }, + "government consumption": { + "text": "15.3%" + }, + "investment in fixed capital": { + "text": "11.3%" + }, + "investment in inventories": { + "text": "1.9%" + }, + "exports of goods and services": { + "text": "60.9%" + }, + "imports of goods and services": { + "text": "-58.5% (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.3%" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "10.4%" + }, + "services": { + "text": "87.2% (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "Agriculture - products": { + "text": "citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese", + "Agriculture - products": { + "text": "citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb" + } + }, + "Industries": { + "text": "tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products", + "Industries": { + "text": "foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture" + } + }, + "Industrial production growth rate": { + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)", + "Industrial production growth rate": { + "text": "-0.3% (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "Labor force": { + "text": "415,100 (2016 est.)", + "Labor force": { + "text": "95,030 (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "Labor force - by occupation": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.8%" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.2%" + }, + "services": { + "text": "81% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Labor force - by occupation": { + "text": "agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004)" + } + }, + "Unemployment rate": { + "text": "11.8% (2016 est.) ++ 14.9% (2015 est.)", + "Unemployment rate": { + "text": "9.4% (2005 est.)" + } + }, + "Population below poverty line": { + "text": "NA%", + "Population below poverty line": { + "text": "%NA" + } + }, + "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { + "lowest 10%": { + "text": "3.3%" + }, + "highest 10%": { + "text": "28.8% (2014)" + } + }, + "Distribution of family income - Gini index": { + "text": "34.8 (2014 est.) ++ 32.4 (2013 est.)" + }, + "Budget": { + "revenues": { + "text": "$7.588 billion" + }, + "expenditures": { + "text": "$7.809 billion (2016 est.)" + }, + "Budget": { + "text": "revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)" + } + }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "38.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + }, + "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { + "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + }, + "Public debt": { + "text": "104.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 108.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", + "note": { + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" + } + }, + "Fiscal year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -2.1% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Central bank discount rate": { + "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", + "note": { + "text": "this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area" + } + }, + "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { + "text": "4.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.69% (31 December 2015 est.)" + }, + "Stock of narrow money": { + "text": "$3.975 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.031 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", + "note": { + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" + } + }, + "Stock of broad money": { + "text": "$43.41 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $47.99 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + }, + "Stock of domestic credit": { + "text": "$57.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $59.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + }, + "Market value of publicly traded shares": { + "text": "$2.692 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.031 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.105 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance": { + "text": "-$184 million (2016 est.) ++ -$704 million (2015 est.)" + }, + "Exports": { + "text": "$2.635 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.759 billion (2015 est.)", + "Exports": { + "text": "$68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "Exports - commodities": { + "text": "citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing" + }, + "Exports - partners": { + "text": "Greece 10.9%, Ireland 10.2%, UK 7.2%, Israel 6% (2015)" + }, + "Imports": { + "text": "$6.042 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.286 billion (2015 est.)", + "Imports": { + "text": "$1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "Imports - commodities": { + "text": "consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, machinery, transport equipment" + }, + "Imports - partners": { + "text": "Greece 25.7%, UK 9.1%, Italy 8%, Germany 7.5%, Israel 5.5%, China 4.8%, Netherlands 4.1% (2015)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "text": "$776.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $807.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)", + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "text": "$NA" + } + }, + "Debt - external": { + "text": "$95.28 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $103.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)", + "Debt - external": { + "text": "$NA" + } + }, + "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { + "text": "$142.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $140.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + }, + "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { + "text": "$136.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $135.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates": { + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)", + "Exchange rates": { + "text": "Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.9 (2013) 1.8 (2012) 1.67 (2011) 1.5 (2010) 1.55 (2009)" } } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -942,11 +937,11 @@ "text": "open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)" + "text": "country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; s" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "mixture of state and privately run TV and radio services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private radio stations are available; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, and privately owned TV and radio broadcast stations (2007)" + "text": "mixture of state and privately run TV and radio services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private ra (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cy" @@ -1034,7 +1029,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 278, cargo 163, chemical tanker 77, container 201, liquefied gas 11, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 25, petroleum tanker 62, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 9, vehicle carrier 4" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "622 (Angola 1, Austria 1, Belgium 3, Bermuda 1, Canada 2, China 6, Denmark 6, Estonia 6, France 16, Germany 192, Greece 201, Hong Kong 2, India 4, Iran 10, Ireland 3, Italy 6, Japan 16, Netherlands 23, Norway 14, Philippines 1, Poland 24, Portugal 2, Russia 46, Singapore 1, Slovenia 5, Spain 6, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UAE 3, UK 7, Ukraine 3, US 5)" + "text": "622 (Angola 1, Austria 1, Belgium 3, Bermuda 1, Canada 2, China 6, Denmark 6, Estonia 6, France 16, Germany 192, Greece 201, Hong Kong 2, India 4, Iran 10, Ireland 3, Italy 6, Japan 16, Netherlands 23, Norway 14, Philippines 1, Poland 24, Portugal 2, Russia 4" }, "registered in other countries": { "text": "152 (Bahamas 23, Cambodia 4, Comoros 2, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 3, Hong Kong 3, Liberia 9, Malta 32, Marshall Islands 40, Norway 1, Panama 5, Russia 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Sierra Leone 2, Singapore 6, unknown 4) (2010)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 12e8893e..c2df3646 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "21% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "8.5% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "8.6% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -374,7 +374,12 @@ "text": "none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as National Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953; changed several times, last in 2009 (Danish Act of Succession) (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the Folketing with consent of the government; passage requires approval by the next Folketing following a general election, approval by simple majority vote of at least 40 percent of voters in a referendum, and assent by the chief of state; changed several times, last in 2009 (Danish Act of Succession) (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts" @@ -507,44 +512,44 @@ "text": "This thoroughly modern market economy features a high-tech agricultural sector, advanced industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping and renewable energy, and a high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food, oil, and gas and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus, but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. An aging population will be a major long-term issue. ++ ++ Denmark is a member of the EU; Danish legislation and regulations conform to EU standards on almost all issues. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, Denmark has negotiated an opt-out with the EU and is not required to adopt the euro. Within the EU, Denmark is among the strongest supporters of trade liberalization. ++ ++ After a long consumption-driven upswing, Denmark's economy began slowing in 2007 with the end of a housing boom. Housing prices dropped markedly in 2008-09 but, with significant regional differences, have since recovered. Household indebtedness is still relatively high at more than 305% of net disposable income in 2014, while household net worth - from private pension schemes and other assets - amounted to 546% of net disposable income. ++ ++ The global financial crisis exacerbated this cyclical slowdown by increasing domestic borrowing costs and lowering foreign demand for Danish exports. Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the budget balance swung into deficit in 2009. The structural budget deficit has remained below 1% and is estimated at -0.4% in 2016. Denmark is experiencing a lackluster economic recovery, having still not regained the GDP level of 2008. GDP contracted in 2012 and 2013, followed by real growth of 1.3% in 2014, and 1.2% in 2015. The government projects 1.9% growth in 2016, while private sector estimates are about 1% growth. A historically low level of unemployment rose with the economic downturn but the labor market has strengthened since 2013, and unemployment stood at about 4.5% in early 2016, based on the national measure. Productivity growth was significantly below the OECD average in 2012–2014." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$258.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $255.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $252.5 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$264.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $262.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $259.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$295 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$302.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.) ++ -0.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$45,700 (2015 est.) ++ $45,400 (2014 est.) ++ $45,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$46,600 (2016 est.) ++ $46,300 (2015 est.) ++ $46,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "26.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "48%" + "text": "47.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "26.1%" + "text": "25.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "18.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.5%" + "text": "0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "53.4%" + "text": "50.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-47.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-43.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -552,23 +557,23 @@ "text": "1.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "23.3%" + "text": "23.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "75.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "75.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish" }, "Industries": { - "text": "iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment" + "text": "iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical eq" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.801 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.825 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -582,7 +587,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.) ++ 4.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.4% (2011 est.)" @@ -600,53 +605,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$159.3 billion" + "text": "$156.9 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$164.4 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$164.5 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "54% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "51.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "40.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 44.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "39.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 40.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.) ++ 0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.75% (31 December 2011) ++ 0.75% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.42% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.62% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.42% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$151.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $153.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$148.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $151.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$181.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $189.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$632.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $702.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$619.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $632.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$224.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $179.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $231.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$20.28 billion (2015 est.) ++ $26.71 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.34 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.75 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$95.97 billion (2015 est.) ++ $111.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$93.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $95.97 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture, windmills" @@ -655,7 +660,7 @@ "text": "Germany 17.8%, Sweden 11.6%, US 8.4%, Norway 6.3%, UK 6.3%, Netherlands 4.4%, China 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$85.02 billion (2015 est.) ++ $101.3 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$82.29 billion (2016 est.) ++ $85.02 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -664,27 +669,22 @@ "text": "Germany 20.4%, Sweden 12.3%, Netherlands 8.1%, China 7.3%, Norway 6.1%, UK 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$65.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $75.38 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$61.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $65.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$534.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $609.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$484.8 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $519.8 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$133.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $145.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$135.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $133.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$239.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $250 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$242.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $239.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - ++ 6.7236 (2015 est.) ++ 5.6183 (2014 est.) ++ 5.6125 (2013 est.) ++ 5.79 (2012 est.) ++ 5.3687 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - ++ 6.865 (2016 est.) ++ 6.7236 (2015 est.) ++ 6.7236 (2014 est.) ++ 5.6125 (2013 est.) ++ 5.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "31 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -780,11 +780,11 @@ "text": "buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network; multiple mobile-cellular communications systems" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2015)" + "text": "country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaava (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 6 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half-dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 10 digital audio broadcasting stations, and 14 web-based radio stations; in 2010, there were 140 commercial and 187 community (non-commercial) radio stations" + "text": "strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 6 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half-dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nat" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".dk" @@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ "text": "27 (Germany 9, Greenland 1, Norway 2, Sweden 15)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "582 (Antigua and Barbuda 20, Bahamas 69, Belgium 4, Brazil 3, Curacao 1, Cyprus 6, Egypt 1, France 11, Gibraltar 7, Hong Kong 42, Isle of Man 30, Italy 4, Jamaica 1, Liberia 8, Lithuania 8, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 1, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 7, Moldova 1, Netherlands 27, Norway 7, Panama 41, Philippines 2, Portugal 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, Singapore 149, Sweden 4, UK 43, Uruguay 1, US 31, Venezuela 1, unknown 4) (2010)" + "text": "582 (Antigua and Barbuda 20, Bahamas 69, Belgium 4, Brazil 3, Curacao 1, Cyprus 6, Egypt 1, France 11, Gibraltar 7, Hong Kong 42, Isle of Man 30, Italy 4, Jamaica 1, Liberia 8, Lithuania 8, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 1, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 7, Moldova 1, Ne (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index 45a3c415..7b2fd79f 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ "text": "The evolution of what is today the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization of 28 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe; on a few occasions even country-level unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples. But for such a large number of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is unique. ++ Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners. ++ Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a separate entity in The World Factbook. However, because of the EU's special status, this description is placed after the regular country entries." }, "Background": { - "text": "Following the two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought a response to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe and setting up an organization for that purpose that would bring France and the Federal Republic of Germany together and would be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members - Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - signed the Treaty of Paris. ++ The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to integrate other elements of the countries' economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the six member states undertook to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and have been held every five years since. ++ In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the membership total to 15. ++ A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of those 12 countries began using euro banknotes and coins. Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013, bringing the current membership to 28. (Seven of these new countries - Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia - have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 19.) ++ In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice (concluded in 2000; entered into force in 2003) set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of EU institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many of the features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty while also making a number of substantive and symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at the EU intergovernmental conference of the then 27 member states held in Lisbon in December 2007, after which the process of national ratifications began. In October 2009, an Irish referendum approved the Lisbon Treaty (overturning a previous rejection) and cleared the way for an ultimate unanimous endorsement. Poland and the Czech Republic ratified soon after. The Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009 and the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC. The Treaty's provisions are part of the basic consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union (TUE) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFUE) now governing what remains a very specific integration project. ++ Frustrated by a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU. The so-called “Brexit” will take years to carry out, but could be the signal for referenda in other EU countries where skepticism of EU membership benefits is strong." + "text": "Following the two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought a response to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe and setting up an organization for that purpose that would bring France and the Federal Republic of Germany together and would be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members - Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - signed the Treaty of Paris. ++ The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to integrate other elements of the countries' economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the six member states undertook to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and have been held every five years since. ++ In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the membership total to 15. ++ A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of those 12 countries began using euro banknotes and coins. Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013, bringing the current membership to 28. (Seven of these new countries - Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia - have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 19.) ++ In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice (concluded in 2000; entered into force in 2003) set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of EU institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many of the features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty while also making a number of substantive and symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at the EU intergovernmental conference of the then 27 member states held in Lisbon in December 2007, after which the process of national ratifications began. In October 2009, an Irish referendum approved the Lisbon Treaty (overturning a previous rejection) and cleared the way for an ultimate unanimous endorsement. Poland and the Czech Republic ratified soon after. The Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009 and the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC. The Treaty's provisions are part of the basic consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) now governing what remains a very specific integration project. ++ Frustrated by a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU. The so-called “Brexit” will take years to carry out, but could embolden skeptics of EU membership in other member states." } }, "Geography": { @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ } }, "Member states": { - "text": "28 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; note - candidate countries: Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey", + "text": "28 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; note - candidate countries: Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey", "note": { "text": "there are non-European overseas countries and territories (OCTs) having special relations with Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK (list is annexed to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union), that are associated with the Union to promote their economic and social development; member states apply to their trade with OCTs the same treatment as they accord each other pursuant to the treaties; OCT nationals are in principle EU citizens, but these countries are neither part of the EU, nor subject to the EU ++ there are 25 OCTs (1 with Denmark [Greenland], 6 with France [French Polynesia; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; New Caledonia; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Wallis and Futuna], 6 with the Netherlands [Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten], and 12 with the UK [Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Montserrat; Pitcairn Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands]), of which 22 have joined the Overseas Countries and Territories Association (OCTA); the 3 OCTs that are not part of OCTA (British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) do not have a permanent population" } @@ -233,7 +233,12 @@ "text": "Europe Day (also known as Schuman Day) 9 May (1950); note - the day in 1950 that Robert SCHUMAN proposed the creation of what became the European Coal and Steel Community, the progenitor of today's European Union, with the aim of achieving a united Europe" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "none; note - the EU legal order relies primarily on two consolidated texts encompassing all provisions as amended from a series of past treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU), as modified by the Lisbon Treaty, states in Article 1 that \"the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES establish among themselves a EUROPEAN UNION ... on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common\"; Article 1 of the TEU states further that the EU is \"founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties'),\" both possessing the same legal value; Article 6 of the TEU provides that a separately adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \"shall have the same legal value as the Treaties\" (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "none; note - the EU legal order relies primarily on two consolidated texts encompassing all provisions as amended from a series of past treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU), as modified by the Lisbon Treaty states in Article 1 that \"the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES establish among themselves a EUROPEAN UNION ... on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common\"; Article 1 of the TEU states further that the EU is \"founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties'),\" both possessing the same legal value; Article 6 of the TEU provides that a separately adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \"shall have the same legal value as the Treaties\"" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "European Union treaties can be amended in several ways: 1) Ordinary Revision Procedure (for key amendments to the treaties); initiated by an EU country’s government, by the EU Parliament, or by the EU Commission; following adoption of the proposal by the European Council, a convention is formed of national government representatives to review the proposal and subsequently a conference of government representatives also reviews the proposal; passage requires ratification by all EU countries; 2) Simplified Revision Procedure (for amendment of EU internal policies and actions); passage of a proposal requires unanimous European Council vote following European Council consultation with the EU Commission, the European Council, and the European Parliament, and requires ratification by all EU countries; 3) Passerelle Clause (allows the alteration of a legislative procedure without a formal amendment of the treaties); 4) Flexibility Clause (permits the EU to decide in subject areas not covered by the EU treaties); note - the Treaty of Lisbon (signed in December 2007 and effective in December 2009) amended the two treaties that formed the EU - the Maastricht Treaty (1993) and the Treaty of Rome (1958), known in updated form as the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2007) (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "unique supranational law system in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, \"the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States\" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU law include fundamental rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's states; EU law is divided into 'primary' and 'secondary' legislation; primary legislation is derived from the consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union) and are the basis for all EU action; secondary legislation - which includes directives, regulations, and decisions - is derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties" @@ -247,7 +252,7 @@ "text": "brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Donald TUSK (Poland), since 1 December 2014, succeeding Herman VAN ROMPUY (Belgian; 2009-14)" }, "the Council of the European Union": { - "text": "consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Represntative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy" + "text": "consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy" }, "the European Commission": { "text": "headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 28 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Jean-Claude JUNCKER (Luxembourg) elected on 15 July 2014 (took office on 1 November 2014); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term; President JUNCKER reorganized the structure of the College around clusters or project teams coordinated by 7 vice presidents in line with the current Commission's main political priorities and appointed Frans TIMMERMANS (Netherlands) to act as his first vice president; the confirmation process for the next Commission expected be held in the fall of 2019" @@ -258,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (28 seats; ministers representing the 28 member states and the European Parliament (751 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, currently Martin SCHULZ (German Socialist) is elected by a majority of fellow members (MEPs) of the European Parliament and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation, normally acting in co-decision on Commission proposals (but not in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member state governments)" + "text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (28 seats; ministers representing the 28 member states) and the European Parliament (751 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, currently Martin SCHULZ (German Socialist) is elected by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation, normally acting in co-decision on Commission proposals (but not in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member state governments)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 22-25 May 2014 (next to be held May-June 2019)" @@ -269,7 +274,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "note": { - "text": "the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputed issues among the EU institutions and with member states, issues opinions on questions of EU law referred by member state courts" + "text": "the European Court of Justice (ECJ) is the judicial authority in matters of European Union law; the ECJ ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputed issues among the EU institutions and with member states, issues opinions on questions of EU law referred by member state courts" }, "highest court(s)": { "text": "European Court of Justice (consists of 28 judges - 1 from each member state); the court may sit as a full court, in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 13 judges in special cases, but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges" @@ -282,14 +287,14 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Gabriele ZIMMER] ++ Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFD [Nigel FARAGE and David BORRELLI] ++ European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Syed KAMALL] ++ European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Rebecca HARMS and Philippe LAMBERTS] ++ Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT] ++ Group of the European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER] ++ Group of the Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&D [Gianni PITELLA]" + "text": "Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT] ++ European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Gabriele ZIMMER] ++ Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFDD [Nigel FARAGE and David BORRELLI] ++ Europe of Nations and Freedom or ENF [Marine LE PEN and Marcel DE GRAAFF] ++ European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Syed KAMALL] ++ European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Rebecca HARMS and Philippe LAMBERTS] ++ European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER] ++ Group of the Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&D [Gianni PITELLA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-8, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador David O'SULLIVAN (since 18 November 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador David O'SULLIVAN (since 19 November 2014)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2175 K Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20037" @@ -326,13 +331,13 @@ }, "National anthem": { "name": { - "text": "\"Ode to Joy\"\"" + "text": "\"Ode to Joy\"" }, "lyrics/music": { - "text": "no lyrics/Ludwig VON BEETHOVEN, arranged by Herbert VON KARAJAN" + "text": "no lyrics/Ludwig VAN BEETHOVEN, arranged by Herbert VON KARAJAN" }, "note": { - "text": "adopted 1972; official EU anthem since 1985; the song is meant to represent all of Europe rather than just the organization, conveying ideas of peace, freedom, and unity; the song also serves as the anthem for the Council of Europe" + "text": "official EU anthem since 1985; the music is meant to represent all of Europe rather than just the organization, conveying ideas of peace, freedom, and unity" } } }, @@ -341,21 +346,21 @@ "text": "Internally, the 28 EU member states have adopted the framework of a single market with free movement of goods, services and capital. Internationally, the EU aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight. ++ ++ Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $13,000 to $82,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 19 of the member states, under the auspices of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; 7 other member states - not including the UK nor Denmark, which have formal opt-outs - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria. ++ ++ The EU economy is slowly recovering from the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. The bloc posted moderate GDP growth in 2014 and 2015, but the recovery has been uneven. Some EU member states (Czech Republic, Ireland and Spain) have recorded strong growth while others (Finland, Greece) are struggling to shake off recession. The recovery has been buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which has lowered interest rates and the euro’s foreign exchange value. Despite EU/IMF rescue programs in Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Cyprus, significant drags on growth remain, including high public and private debt loads, low domestic demand that discourages investment, aging populations, onerous regulations, and high unemployment. These factors - in combination with low oil prices - have subdued inflation in the euro zone despite the European Central Bank’s (ECB) efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program and negative interest rates. The ECB in December 2015 stated it would widen its asset-buying program and extend it until March 2017 to fend off deflation and improve borrowing conditions in the euro zone. ++ ++ Beyond the risk of deflation, the EU economy is vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade that would shrink the EU’s ample external trade surplus. Another round of financial market turmoil because of disagreements between bailed-out Greece and its euro-zone creditor could also be detrimental to a stronger EU recovery if it hurts consumer and investor confidence. To bolster economic growth and create jobs, EU leaders have moved forward with plans to use $28 (€21) billion in public money as seed capital to attract private investors to fund $421 [€315] billion in infrastructure projects from 2015 to 2017, focusing on energy, broadband, transport, education, and research and innovation. They also are forging ahead on creating a capital markets union to ease the burdens of cross-border investment in the bloc. Externally, the EU continues to negotiate an ambitious and comprehensive free trade agreement with the US, the goal of which is to expand already large trade and investment flows." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$19.18 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $18.64 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $18.08 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$19.18 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $18.64 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $18.08 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$16.27 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.) ++ 0.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$37,800 (2015 est.) ++ $36,900 (2014 est.) ++ $35,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37,800 (2016 est.) ++ $36,900 (2015 est.) ++ $35,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { @@ -386,23 +391,23 @@ "text": "1.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "24.6%" + "text": "25.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "70.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, oilseeds, sugar beets, wine, grapes; dairy products, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry; fish" }, "Industries": { - "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverages, furniture, paper, textiles" + "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportat" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "232.2 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "232.9 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -416,7 +421,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.5% (2015 est.) ++ 9.8% (2014)" + "text": "9.5% (2015 est.) ++ 9.4% (2015)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.8% note - see individual country entries of member states" @@ -459,7 +464,7 @@ "Stock of narrow money": { "text": "$7.165 trillion (31 December 2013) ++ $7.422 trillion (31 December 2012)", "note": { - "text": "this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area, converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date indicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-area members of the European Union, e.g., UK pounds, Danish kroner, and Czech koruny" + "text": "this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area, converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date indicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-area members of the European Union, e.g., UK pounds, Danish kroner, and Czech k" } }, "Stock of broad money": { @@ -475,7 +480,7 @@ } }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$10.4 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $9.36 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $10.56 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)" + "text": "$7.185 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.932 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $10.4 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$351.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $88.12 billion (2014 est.)" @@ -520,7 +525,7 @@ "text": "$9.121 trillion (2012) ++ $8.721 trillion (2011)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 9eb6f910..c2d2e4fa 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ "text": "27% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -356,7 +356,12 @@ "text": "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed as bills in Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidental signature; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court" @@ -386,7 +391,7 @@ "text": "President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011); KENNY resigns 9 March 2016; reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016" + "text": "Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011); reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)" @@ -400,13 +405,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected by panels of various vocational interests, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by graduates of the University of Dublin and the National University of Ireland; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 43 members indirectly elected by panels of various vocational interests, 11 appointed by the prime minister, and 6 elected by graduates of the University of Dublin and the National University of Ireland; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (158 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held in 27 April 2011 (next to be held probably in 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 26 February 2016 (next to be held probably in 2021)" + "text": "Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021); House of Representatives - last held on 26 February 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Labor Party 12, Sinn Fein 3, independent 12; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 25.5%, Fianna Fail 24.4%, Sinn Fein 13.8%, Labor Party 6.6%, AAA-PBD 4.0%, Social Democrats 3.0%, Green Party 2.7%, Renua Irland 2.2% independents 17.8%; seats by party - Fine Gael 50, Fianna Fail 44, Sinn Fein 23, Labor Party 7, AAA-PBP 6, Social Democrats 3, Green Party 2, independent 23" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Sinn Fein 3, Green Party 1, independent 14; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 25.5%, Fianna Fail 24.4%, Sinn Fein 13.8%, Labor Party 6.6%, AAA-PBD 4.0%, Social Democrats 3.0%, Green Party 2.7%, Renua Ireland 2.2% independents 17.8%; seats by party - Fine Gael 50, Fianna Fail 44, Sinn Fein 23, Labor Party 7, AAA-PBP 6, Social Democrats 3, Green Party 2, independent 23" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -421,7 +426,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Anti-Austerity Alliance-People Before Profit or AAA-PBP [collective leadership] ++ Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN] ++ Fine Gael [Enda KENNY] ++ Green Party [Eamon RYAN] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Joan BURTON] ++ Renua Ireland [Lucinda CREIGHTON] ++ Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS] ++ Social Democratic Party [Stephen DONNELLY, Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL] ++ Socialist Party [collective leadership] ++ The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]" + "text": "Anti-Austerity Alliance-People Before Profit or AAA-PBP [collective leadership] ++ Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN] ++ Fine Gael [Enda KENNY] ++ Green Party [Eamon RYAN] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Brendan HOWLIN] ++ Renua Ireland [John LEAHY] ++ Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS] ++ Social Democratic Party [Stephen DONNELLY, Catherine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL] ++ Socialist Party [collective leadership] ++ The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Continuity IRA (terrorist group) ++ Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence) ++ Iona Institute [David QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank) ++ Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world) ++ Keep Ireland Open (environmental group) ++ Oglaigh na hEireann (terrorist group) ++ Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation promoters) ++ New Irish Republican Army (terrorist group combining elements of the former Real IRA and Republican Action Against Drugs) ++ Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality) ++ Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters) ++ 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports unifying Northern Ireland with the rest of the island under Irish government sovereignty)" @@ -489,55 +494,55 @@ "text": "Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. Ireland was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. ++ ++ GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland’s public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland’s banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program. ++ ++ In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up and GDP grew by 5.2%. The recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 2.5% of GDP. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. Continued growth of tax receipts has allowed the government to lower some taxes and increase public spending while keeping to its deficit-reduction targets. In 2015, GDP growth reached 7.8%, the highest growth in the EU for the second consecutive year. ++ ++ In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland’s low corporation tax of 12.5% and a talented pool of high-tech laborers have been key factors in encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to avoid taxation. Amid growing international pressure, the government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a loophole." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$257.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $238.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $227 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$324.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $309 billion (2015 est.) ++ $244.7 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$238 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$307.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5.2% (2014 est.) ++ 1.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 26.3% (2015 est.) ++ 8.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$55,500 (2015 est.) ++ $51,800 (2014 est.) ++ $49,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$69,400 (2016 est.) ++ $66,700 (2015 est.) ++ $53,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "27.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "31.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "47%" + "text": "36.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.2%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.3%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.9%" + "text": "0.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "113.5%" + "text": "124.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-94.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-92.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "1.5%" + "text": "1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "24.9%" + "text": "41.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "57.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -547,10 +552,10 @@ "text": "pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.171 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.181 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -564,7 +569,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.4% (2015 est.) ++ 11.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (2016 est.) ++ 9.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.2% (2013 est.)" @@ -582,29 +587,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$78.42 billion" + "text": "$78.47 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$84.07 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$80.86 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "101.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 107.6% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "77.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 78.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ 0.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2016 est.) ++ 0% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2015) ++ 0.15% (31 August 2014)", @@ -613,28 +618,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.4% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.41% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.36% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$140.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $143.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$144.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $146.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$255.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $267.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$340.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $380.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$285.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $305 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$138.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $165.7 billion (31 December 2014) ++ $171.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$128 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $143.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $170.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$10.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.08 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$29.11 billion (2016 est.) ++ $29.02 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$125.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $123.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$160.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $160.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, medical devices, pharmaceuticals; foodstuffs, animal products" @@ -643,7 +648,7 @@ "text": "US 23.7%, UK 13.8%, Belgium 13.2%, Germany 6.6%, Switzerland 5.5%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$75.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $80.88 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$88.01 billion (2016 est.) ++ $87.79 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing" @@ -652,41 +657,36 @@ "text": "UK 32.5%, US 14%, France 10.2%, Germany 9.3%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.748 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.635 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.203 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.748 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.96 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.078 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.47 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $2.35 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$878.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $831.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.057 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $963.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$961.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $939.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.435 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.321 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { - "text": "25 billion kWh (2013 est.)" + "text": "25 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - consumption": { - "text": "25 billion kWh (2013 est.)" + "text": "25 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - exports": { - "text": "700 million kWh (2013 est.)" + "text": "700 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - imports": { - "text": "2.9 billion kWh (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.9 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { - "text": "9.1 million kW (2013 est.)" + "text": "9.1 million kW (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "72.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)" @@ -704,25 +704,25 @@ "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" + "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - imports": { - "text": "74,690 bbl/day (2013 est.)" + "text": "74,690 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2015 es)" + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)" }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { - "text": "68,050 bbl/day (2013 est.)" + "text": "68,050 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { - "text": "147,800 bbl/day (2014 est.)" + "text": "147,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { - "text": "34,200 bbl/day (2013 est.)" + "text": "34,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { - "text": "115,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)" + "text": "115,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "152 million cu m (2014 est.)" @@ -737,10 +737,10 @@ "text": "4.246 billion cu m (2014 est.)" }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { - "text": "9.911 billion cu m (1 January 2014 es)" + "text": "9.911 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)" }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { - "text": "34 million Mt (2012 est.)" + "text": "34 million Mt (2013 est.)" } }, "Communications": { @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 2 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2014)" + "text": "publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 2 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 na (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ie" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index ee1e49c6..3f02911b 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ "text": "24.5% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -387,7 +387,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of Parliament members or by the president of the republic; passage requires three readings of the proposed amendment and a simple majority vote in two successive memberships of Parliament; passage of amendments to the “General Provisions” and “Amendment of the Constitution” chapters requires three-fifths majority vote of Parliament for a referendum and majority vote in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system" @@ -417,7 +422,7 @@ "text": "President Kersti KALJULAID (since 10 October 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Taavi ROIVAS (since 26 March 2014)" + "text": "Juri RATAS (since 23 November 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament" @@ -514,44 +519,44 @@ "text": "Estonia, a member of the EU since 2004 and the euro zone since 2011, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda, and sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt. ++ ++ The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, and Germany. After two years of robust recovery in 2011 and 2012, the Estonian economy faltered in 2013 with only 1.6% GDP growth, mainly due to continuing recession in much of the EU. GDP growth in 2014 was 2.9% but dropped to 1.2% in 2015 due to lower demand in key Scandinavian export markets. GDP growth is expected to be about 2.2% in 2016. ++ ++ Estonia is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, although the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$37.55 billion (2015 est.) ++ $37.15 billion (2014 est.) ++ $36.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$38.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $38.12 billion (2015 est.) ++ $37.72 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$22.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$23.48 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 1.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$28,600 (2015 est.) ++ $28,200 (2014 est.) ++ $27,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$29,500 (2016 est.) ++ $29,000 (2015 est.) ++ $28,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 27.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "24.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "50.3%" + "text": "51.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.9%" + "text": "20.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.2%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.5%" + "text": "-1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "79.8%" + "text": "79.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-75.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-74.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -559,10 +564,10 @@ "text": "3.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.7%" + "text": "28.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "68.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "68.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,10 +577,10 @@ "text": "food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "683,200 (2015 est.)" + "text": "651,200 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -589,7 +594,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.6% (2014 est.)" @@ -607,20 +612,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$9.076 billion" + "text": "$9.559 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$8.975 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$9.596 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "40.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "9.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "9.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 9.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" } @@ -629,34 +634,34 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) ++ -0.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.48% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.76% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.48% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$10.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$12.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$14.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $14.05 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$19.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.29 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$2.034 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.591 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $2.332 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$437 million (2015 est.) ++ $272 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$136 million (2016 est.) ++ $487 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$12.24 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.18 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.27 billion (2016 est.) ++ $12.24 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 34%, food products and beverages 9%, mineral fuels 9%, wood and wood products 10%, metals 7%, furniture 9%, vehicles and parts 6%, chemicals 5% (2015 est.)" @@ -665,7 +670,7 @@ "text": "Sweden 18.8%, Finland 16%, Latvia 10.4%, Russia 6.7%, Lithuania 5.9%, Germany 5.2%, Norway 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$13.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.51 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.46 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.19 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 28 %, mineral fuels 11%, food and food products 10%, vehicles 9%, chemical products 8%, metals 8% (2015 est.)" @@ -674,27 +679,22 @@ "text": "Finland 14.5%, Germany 11%, Lithuania 9%, Sweden 8.5%, Latvia 8.3%, Poland 7.4%, Russia 6.1%, Netherlands 5.5%, China 4.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$414.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $436.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$475.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $414.8 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$18.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$22.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $23.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $22.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$9.164 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.414 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.164 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kroon (EEK) per US dollar - ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.72 (2011 est.)" + "text": "kroon (EEK) per US dollar - ++ 0.8985 (2016 est.) ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.9012 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "12 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -787,14 +787,14 @@ "text": "foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service with a wide range of high-quality voice, data, and Internet services available" }, "domestic": { - "text": "substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income tax returns online, and online voting - in local and parliamentary elections - has climbed steadily since first introduced in 2005" + "text": "substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income tax returns on" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 2 TV channels and 5 radio networks; growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally; fully transitioned to digital television in 2010; national private TV channels expanding service; a range of channels are aimed at Russian-speaking viewers; high penetration rate for cable TV services with more than half of Estonian households connected (2008)" + "text": "the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 2 TV channels and 5 radio networks; growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally; fully transitioned to digital television in 2 (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ee" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 7e0a26d9..e8f2ab5b 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ "text": "29.1% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -365,7 +365,12 @@ "text": "Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "passage requires three-fifths concurrence by members present in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology" @@ -503,44 +508,44 @@ "text": "Czechia is a stable and prosperous market economy that is closely integrated with the EU, especially since the country's EU accession in 2004. The auto industry is the largest single industry, and, together with its upstream suppliers, accounts for nearly 24% of Czech manufacturing. Czechia produced more than a million cars for the first time in 2010, over 80% of which were exported. ++ ++ While the conservative, inward-looking Czech financial system has remained relatively healthy, the small, open, export-driven Czech economy remains sensitive to changes in the economic performance of its main export markets, especially Germany. When Western Europe and Germany fell into recession in late 2008, demand for Czech goods plunged, leading to double digit drops in industrial production and exports. As a result, real GDP fell sharply in 2009. The economy slowly recovered in the second half of 2009 and registered weak growth in the next two years. In 2012 and 2013, however, the economy fell into a recession again, due both to a slump in external demand in the EU and to the government’s austerity measures, returning to weak growth in 2014, and stronger growth in 2015. ++ ++ Foreign and domestic businesses alike voice concerns about corruption, especially in public procurement. Other long term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$332.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $319 billion (2014 est.) ++ $312.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$350.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $342.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $327.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$181.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$193.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ -0.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$31,600 (2015 est.) ++ $30,300 (2014 est.) ++ $29,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$33,200 (2016 est.) ++ $32,500 (2015 est.) ++ $31,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "28.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "27.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 28.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "47%" + "text": "47.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.3%" + "text": "25.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "83%" + "text": "81.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-76.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-74.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -548,10 +553,10 @@ "text": "2.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "37.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "60.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "60% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -561,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.517 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.494 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -578,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.) ++ 7.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.6% (2012 est.)" @@ -596,26 +601,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$76.68 billion" + "text": "$73.74 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$77.44 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$74.75 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "41.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 42.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "40.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 41.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.05% (31 December 2012)", @@ -624,25 +629,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.28% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.64% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.28% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$124.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $122.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$137.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $124.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$152.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $155.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$155.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $144.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$127.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $137.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$129.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $127.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$54.92 billion (30 December 3013 est.) ++ $59.88 billion (28 December 2012 est.) ++ $53.2 billion (30 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$1.648 billion (2015 est.) ++ $366 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.976 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.682 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$131 billion (2015 est.) ++ $146.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$141.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $131 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, fuel, chemicals" @@ -651,7 +656,7 @@ "text": "Germany 32.4%, Slovakia 9%, Poland 5.8%, UK 5.3%, France 5.1%, Austria 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$122.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $135.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$132.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $122.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals" @@ -660,27 +665,22 @@ "text": "Germany 30%, Poland 9%, China 8.3%, Slovakia 6.6%, Netherlands 5%, Austria 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$64.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $54.49 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$78.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $64.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$126.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $129.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$128.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $126.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$136.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $146 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$139.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $136.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$41.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $42.98 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$45.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $41.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar - ++ 24.599 (2015 est.) ++ 20.758 (2014 est.) ++ 20.758 (2013 est.) ++ 19.59 (2012 est.) ++ 17.696 (2011 est.)" + "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar - ++ 25.02 (2016 est.) ++ 24.599 (2015 est.) ++ 24.599 (2014 est.) ++ 20.758 (2013 est.) ++ 19.59 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "80 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -773,14 +773,14 @@ "text": "good telephone and Internet service; competition among the three major mobile phone services has driven down prices" }, "domestic": { - "text": "access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s, but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s, and the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population" + "text": "access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s, but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s, and the number of cellular telephone subs" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "roughly 130 TV broadcasters operating some 350 channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder in private hands; 16 TV stations have national coverage with 4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; 63 radio broadcasters are registered operating roughly 80 radio stations with 15 stations publicly operated; 10 radio stations provide national coverage with the remainder local or regional (2008)" + "text": "roughly 130 TV broadcasters operating some 350 channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder in private hands; 16 TV stations have national coverage with 4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; 63 radio (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cz" diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index a6dccd65..df3bccc3 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -356,7 +356,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 6 December (1917)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000; amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared “urgent” by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only; amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on the Swedish model" @@ -483,44 +488,44 @@ "text": "Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita GDP almost as high as that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, or Sweden. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. ++ ++ Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology for mobile phones as well as promotion of startups in the information and communications technology, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the cold climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export industry, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. ++ ++ Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU before 2009 and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in that year, causing Finland’s economy to contract from 2012-14. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio. ++ ++ Finland's main challenges will be reducing high labor costs and boosting demand for its exports. In the long term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth. The depreciating ruble and Russia’s general economic slowdown will dampen exports to Russia." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$225 billion (2015 est.) ++ $224 billion (2014 est.) ++ $225.6 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$230 billion (2016 est.) ++ $227.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $227.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$229.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$239.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.7% (2014 est.) ++ -0.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.) ++ 0.2% (2015 est.) ++ -0.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$41,100 (2015 est.) ++ $41,100 (2014 est.) ++ $41,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$41,800 (2016 est.) ++ $41,600 (2015 est.) ++ $41,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "55.3%" + "text": "55.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "24.4%" + "text": "24.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "20.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.3%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "36.6%" + "text": "35.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-37.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-34.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -528,10 +533,10 @@ "text": "2.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.8%" + "text": "26.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "70.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "70.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -541,10 +546,10 @@ "text": "metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.689 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.675 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture and forestry": { @@ -570,7 +575,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.3% (2015 est.) ++ 8.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2016 est.) ++ 9.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -591,29 +596,29 @@ "text": "$127.6 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$134 billion" + "text": "$132.7 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "Central Government Budget (2015 est.)" + "text": "Central Government Budget (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "55.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "53.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "62.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 59.3% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "64.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 62.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.) ++ -0.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", @@ -622,28 +627,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$121.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $118.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$130.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $121.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$179.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $195.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$357.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $410.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$355.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $357.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$158.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $143.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $118.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$272 million (2015 est.) ++ -$2.566 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$199 million (2016 est.) ++ $316 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$61.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $75.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$57.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $61.29 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber" @@ -652,7 +657,7 @@ "text": "Germany 13.9%, Sweden 10.1%, US 7%, Netherlands 6.6%, Russia 5.9%, UK 5.2%, China 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$58.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $74.43 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$53.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $58.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains" @@ -661,27 +666,22 @@ "text": "Germany 17%, Sweden 16%, Russia 11%, Netherlands 9.1%, Denmark 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$10.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$547.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $571.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$544.7 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $524.7 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$135.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $131.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$153.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $135.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$141.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $155.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$140.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $141.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "66 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -777,11 +777,11 @@ "text": "digital fiber-optic, fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the I (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; in 2008, the 2 publicly owned TV stations expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)" + "text": "a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; in 2008, the 2 publicly owned TV stations expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-chann (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index c8dd3601..36910d4a 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -278,7 +278,12 @@ "text": "Olaifest (Olavsoka), 29 July" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands constitutional position in the Unity of the Realm (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands constitutional position in the Unity of the Realm" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "see entry for Denmark (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply" @@ -435,7 +440,7 @@ "text": "$1.301 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "Denmark supplies the Faroe Islands with almost one-third of their public funds (2010)" + "text": "Denmark supplies the Faroe Islands with almost one-third of their public funds (2010 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -472,15 +477,10 @@ "text": "$888.8 million (2010) ++ $68.1 million (2006)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - ++ 5.79 (2012 est.) ++ 5.3687 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - ++ 6.865 (2016 est.) ++ 6.7236 (2015 est.) ++ 5.6183 (2014 est.) ++ 5.6125 (2013 est.) ++ 5.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "1 publicly owned TV station; the Faroese telecommunications company distributes local and international channels through its digital terrestrial network; publicly owned radio station supplemented by 3 privately owned stations broadcasting over multiple frequencies (2015)" + "text": "1 publicly owned TV station; the Faroese telecommunications company distributes local and international channels through its digital terrestrial network; publicly owned radio station supplemented by 3 privately owned stations broadcasting over multiple fr (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".fo" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 5e0d1c25..40ab4b4a 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ "text": "25.7% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -497,7 +497,12 @@ "text": "Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790); note - although often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration actually commemorates the holiday held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille (on 14 July 1789) and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are Fete Nationale (National Holiday) and quatorze juillet (14th of July)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "many previous; latest effective 4 October 1958; amended many times, last in 2008 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "many previous; latest effective 4 October 1958" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (upon recommendation of the prime minister and Parliament) or by members of Parliament; proposals submitted by Parliament members require passage by both houses followed by approval in a referendum; passage of proposals submitted by the government can bypass a referendum if submitted by the president to Parliament and passed by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament’s National Assembly; amended many times, last in 2008 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law; review of administrative but not legislative acts" @@ -527,7 +532,7 @@ "text": "President Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Manuel VALLS (since 31 March 2014)" + "text": "Prime Minister Bernard CAZENEUVE (since 6 December 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime minister" @@ -562,10 +567,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Europe Ecology - The Greens or EELV [Emmanuelle COSSE] ++ French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT] ++ Left Front Coalition or FDG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON] ++ Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON and Martine BILLARD] ++ Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET] (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG) ++ Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS] ++ National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN] ++ New Anticapitalist Party or NPA [collective leadership; main spokesperson Christine POUPIN] ++ New Center or NC [Herve MORIN] ++ Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO] ++ Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA] ++ Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT] ++ Socialist Party or PS [Haerlem DESIR] ++ The Republicans (formerly Union for a Popular Movement or UMP) [Nicolas SARKOZY] ++ Union des Democrates et Independants or UDI [Jean-Louis BORLOO] and Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or UDF); together known as UDI-Modem ++ United Republic or RS [Dominique DE VILLEPIN] ++ Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) or LO [collective leadership; spokespersons Nathalie ARTHAUD and Arlette LAQUILLER]" + "text": "Europe Ecology - The Greens or EELV [David CORMAND] ++ French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT] ++ Left Front Coalition or FDG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON] ++ Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON and Martine BILLARD] ++ Left Radical Party or PRG [Sylvia PINEL] (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG) ++ Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS] ++ National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN] ++ New Anticapitalist Party or NPA [collective leadership; main spokesperson Christine POUPIN] ++ New Center or NC [Herve MORIN] ++ Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO] ++ Rally for France or RPF [Igor KUREK] ++ Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT] ++ Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Christophe CAMBADELIS] ++ The Republicans (formerly Union for a Popular Movement or UMP) [Francois FILLON] ++ Union des Democrates et Independants or UDI [Jean-Christohe LAGARDE] and Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or UDF); together known as UDI-Modem ++ United Republic or RS [Dominique DE VILLEPIN] ++ Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) or LO [collective leadership; spokespersons Nathalie ARTHAUD and Arlette LAQUILLER]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Confederation francaise de l'encadrement - Confederation generale des cadres (French Confederation of Management - General Confederation of Executives) or CFE-CGC [Carole COUVERT, president] (independent white-collar union with 140,000 members) ++ Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail (French Democratic Confederation of Labor) or CFDT [Laurent BERGER, secretary general] (left-leaning labor union with approximately 875,000 members) ++ Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens (French Confederation of Christian Workers) or CFTC [Philippe LOUIS, president] (independent labor union founded by Catholic workers that claims 142,000 members) ++ Confederation generale du travail (General Confederation of Labor) or CGT [Bernard THIBAULT, secretary general] (historically communist labor union with approximately 710,000 members) ++ Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere (General Confederation of Labor - Worker's Force) or FO [Jean-Claude MAILLY, secretary general] (independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members) ++ Mouvement des entreprises de France or MEDEF [Pierre GATTAZ, president] (employers' union with claimed 750,000 companies as members) ++ ", + "text": "Confederation francaise de l'encadrement - Confederation generale des cadres (French Confederation of Management - General Confederation of Executives) or CFE-CGC [Francois HOMMERIL, president] (independent white-collar union with 140,000 members) ++ Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail (French Democratic Confederation of Labor) or CFDT [Laurent BERGER, secretary general] (left-leaning labor union with approximately 875,000 members) ++ Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens (French Confederation of Christian Workers) or CFTC [Philippe LOUIS, president] (independent labor union founded by Catholic workers that claims 142,000 members) ++ Confederation generale du travail (General Confederation of Labor) or CGT [Philippe MARTINEZ, secretary general] (historically communist labor union with approximately 710,000 members) ++ Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere (General Confederation of Labor - Worker's Force) or FO [Jean-Claude MAILLY, secretary general] (independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members) ++ Mouvement des entreprises de France or MEDEF [Pierre GATTAZ, president] (employers' union with claimed 750,000 companies as members) ++ ", "French Guiana": { "text": " ++ conservationists; gold mining pressure groups; hunting pressure groups ++ " }, @@ -645,44 +650,44 @@ "text": "The French economy is diversified across all sectors. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. However, the government maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. With more than 84 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that mitigate economic inequality. ++ ++ France's real GDP increased by 1.1% in 2015. The unemployment rate (including overseas territories) increased from 7.8% in 2008 to 9.9% in the fourth quarter of 2014. Youth unemployment in metropolitan France decreased from a high of 25.4% in the fourth quarter of 2012 to 24.3% in the fourth quarter of 2014. ++ ++ Lower-than-expected growth and high spending have strained France's public finances. The budget deficit rose sharply from 3.3% of GDP in 2008 to 7.5% of GDP in 2009 before improving to 4% of GDP in 2014 and 2015, while France's public debt rose from 68% of GDP to more than 98% in 2015, and may hit 100% in 2016. ++ ++ Elected on a conventionally leftist platform, President Francois HOLLANDE surprised and angered many supporters with a January 2014 speech announcing a sharp change in his economic policy, recasting himself as a liberalizing reformer. The government's budget for 2014 shifted the balance of fiscal consolidation from taxes to a total of $24 billion in spending cuts. In December 2014, HOLLANDE announced additional reforms, including a plan to extend commercial business hours, liberalize professional services, and sell off $6.2-12.4 billion in state owned assets. France’s tax burden remains well above the EU average and income tax cuts over the past decade are being partly reversed, particularly for higher earners. The top rate of income tax is 41%. The government is allowing a 75% payroll tax on salaries over $1.24 million to lapse." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.647 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.617 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $2.612 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.737 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.701 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.667 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.422 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.488 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 0.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.3% (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$41,200 (2015 est.) ++ $40,900 (2014 est.) ++ $41,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$42,400 (2016 est.) ++ $42,000 (2015 est.) ++ $41,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 22.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "55.1%" + "text": "54.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "23.9%" + "text": "23.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.5%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.8%" + "text": "0.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30%" + "text": "29.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-31.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-31% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -690,10 +695,10 @@ "text": "1.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "19.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "78.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "78.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -703,10 +708,10 @@ "text": "machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "30.41 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.48 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -720,7 +725,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.) ++ 9.9% (2014 est.)", + "text": "9.7% (2016 est.) ++ 10.1% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "includes overseas territories" } @@ -741,29 +746,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.294 trillion" + "text": "$1.288 trillion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.38 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.369 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "51.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "96.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 95.3% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "96.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 96.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2014) ++ 0.25% (31 December 2013)", @@ -772,28 +777,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "1.93% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 1.93% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.079 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.08 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$1.144 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.079 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$2.541 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.771 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.528 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.831 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.64 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.528 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.762 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.538 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.983 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.088 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.086 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.301 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$3.041 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$26.24 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$11.52 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$4.832 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$510.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $584.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$505.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $510.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages" @@ -802,7 +807,7 @@ "text": "Germany 15.9%, Spain 7.3%, US 7.2%, Italy 7.1%, UK 7.1%, Belgium 6.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$537.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $631.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$525.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $537.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals" @@ -814,24 +819,19 @@ "text": "$138.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $143.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.496 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.549 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$5.36 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $5.25 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$773.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $729.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$796.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $773.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.316 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.279 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.339 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.316 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "534 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -927,14 +927,14 @@ "text": "extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive use of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries" + "text": "country code - 33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsa" }, "overseas departments": { "text": "country codes: French Guiana - 594; Guadeloupe - 590; Martinique - 596; Mayotte - 262; Reunion - 262 (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations; state-owned France television stations operate 4 networks, one of which is a network of regional stations, and has part-interest in several thematic cable/satellite channels and international channels; a large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable services provide a large number of channels; public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks, a series of regional networks, and operates services for overseas territories and foreign audiences; Radio France Internationale, under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a leading international broadcaster; a large number of commercial FM stations, with many of them consolidating into commercial networks (2008)" + "text": "a mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations; state-owned France television stations operate 4 networks, one of which is a network of regional stations, and has part-interest in several thematic cable/satellite channels and internationa (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": "metropolitan France - .fr; French Guiana - .gf; Guadeloupe - .gp; Martinique - .mq; Mayotte - .yt; Reunion - .re" @@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ "text": "50 (Belgium 7, Bermuda 5, Denmark 11, French Polynesia 11, Germany 1, New Caledonia 3, Singapore 3, Sweden 4, Switzerland 5)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "151 (Bahamas 15, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Canada 1, Cyprus 16, Egypt 1, Hong Kong 4, Indonesia 1, Ireland 2, Italy 2, Luxembourg 15, Malta 8, Marshall Islands 7, Mexico 1, Morocco 3, Netherlands 2, Norway 5, Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Singapore 3, South Korea 2, Taiwan 2, UK 39, US 4, unknown 1) (2010)" + "text": "151 (Bahamas 15, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Canada 1, Cyprus 16, Egypt 1, Hong Kong 4, Indonesia 1, Ireland 2, Italy 2, Luxembourg 15, Malta 8, Marshall Islands 7, Mexico 1, Morocco 3, Netherlands 2, Norway 5, Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Singapor (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 75489430..be32a7c4 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -260,7 +260,12 @@ "text": "National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or join Spain" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1969; latest passed by referendum 30 November 2006, entered into effect 14 December 2006, entered into force 2 January 2007 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1969; latest passed by referendum 30 November 2006, entered into effect 14 December 2006, entered into force 2 January 2007" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament and require prior consent of the British monarch (through the Secretary of State); passage requires three-quarters majority vote in Parliament followed by simple majority vote in a referendum; note – only sections 1 through 15 in Chapter 1 (Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) can be amended by Parliament (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply" @@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ "text": "Chief Minister Fabian PICARDO (since 9 December 2011)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of the Parliament by the governor in consultation with the chief minister" + "text": "Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of Parliament by the governor in consultation with the chief minister" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed chief minister by the governor" @@ -443,7 +448,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Gibraltar pounds (GIP) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.64 (2012) ++ 0.624 (2011)" + "text": "Gibraltar pounds (GIP) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.64 (2012)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 2b919a95..8d12aa84 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -264,7 +264,12 @@ "text": "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice" + "history": { + "text": "unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "customary legal system based on Norman customary law, and includes elements of the French civil code and English common law" @@ -277,19 +282,19 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Vice Admiral Ian CORDER sworn in on 14 March 2016" + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Vice Admiral Ian CORDER (since 14 March 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Chief Minister Jonathan LE TOCQ (since 12 March 2014); Bailiff Sir Richard COLLAS (since 23 March 2012)" + "text": "Chief Minister Gavin ST.PIER (since 6 May 2016); Bailiff Sir Richard COLLAS (since 23 March 2012); note - Chief Minister is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee and is the de facto head of government; The Policy and Resources Committee, elected by the States of Deliberation, functions as the executive; the five members all have equal voting rights" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "none; note - the Policy Council, elected by the States of Deliberation, functions mainly as policy coordination body" + "text": "none" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister indirectly elected by States of Deliberation; last held on 27 April 2016 (next to be held in 2020)" + "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister indirectly elected by States of Deliberation; last held on 6 May 2016 (next to be held in 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Jonathan LE TOCQ (independent) elected chief minister; States of Deliberation vote - 22 of 42 votes" + "text": "Gavin ST.PIER (independent) elected as president of the Policy and Resources Committee and Chief Minister" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -318,7 +323,7 @@ "text": "none; all independents" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "No More Masts [Colin FALLAIZE] ++ Stop Traffic Endangering Pedestrian Safety or STEPS" + "text": "Stop Traffic Endangering Pedestrian Safety or STEPS" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "UPU" @@ -405,7 +410,7 @@ "text": "$563.6 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$530.9 million (2005 est.)" + "text": "$530.9 million (2005)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -436,14 +441,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Guernsey pound per US dollar ++ 0.6542 (2015) ++ 0.607 (2014) ++ 0.607 (2013) ++ 0.63 (2012) ++ 0.624 (2011)" - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } + "text": "Guernsey pound per US dollar ++ 0.7391 (2016 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2015 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2014) ++ 0.607 (2013) ++ 0.63 (2012)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index e3276874..7be6eb29 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ "text": "1.1% (2006)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -368,7 +368,12 @@ "text": "Unity Day, 3 October (1990)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10 to 23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949; amended many times, last in 2012 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10 to 23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage and enactment into law require two-thirds majority vote by both the Bundesrat (upper house) and the Bundestag (lower house) of Parliament; articles including those on basic human rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2012 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system" @@ -404,7 +409,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the general election, no later than autumn 2017)" + "text": "president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held 12 February 2017); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the general election, no later than autumn 2017)" }, "election results": { "text": "Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 49 abstentions" @@ -433,7 +438,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER] ++ Alternative for Germany or AfD [Frauke PETRY and Jorg MEUTHEN] ++ Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL] ++ Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER] ++ Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER] ++ Left Party or Die Linke [Katia KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER] ++ Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]" + "text": "Alliance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER] ++ Alternative for Germany or AfD [Frauke PETRY and Joerg MEUTHEN] ++ Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL] ++ Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER] ++ Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER] ++ Left Party or Die Linke [Katja KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER] ++ Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -503,44 +508,44 @@ "text": "The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and a large increase in net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. ++ ++ Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong growth and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II. The new German Government introduced a minimum wage of about $11.60 (8.50 euros) per hour that took effect in 2015. ++ ++ Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2015 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.9%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016, though the target was already reached in 2012. ++ ++ The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros during 2016-18, largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany plans to replace nuclear power largely with renewable energy, which accounted for 27.8% of gross electricity consumption in 2014, up from 9% in 2000. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production. Domestic consumption, bolstered by low energy prices and a weak euro, are likely to drive German GDP growth again in 2016." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.841 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.786 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $3.727 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.979 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $3.911 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.854 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.358 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.495 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.) ++ 0.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$46,900 (2015 est.) ++ $46,600 (2014 est.) ++ $46,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$48,200 (2016 est.) ++ $47,600 (2015 est.) ++ $47,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "27.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "27.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "54.1%" + "text": "53.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "20.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.3%" + "text": "-1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "46.9%" + "text": "45.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-39.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-38% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -548,10 +553,10 @@ "text": "0.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.4%" + "text": "30.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "69.1% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "69.1% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -561,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "45 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "45.3 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -578,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.5% (2010 est.)" @@ -596,29 +601,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.498 trillion" + "text": "$1.507 trillion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.474 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.484 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "43.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "71.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 74.6% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "69% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 71.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euros using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank" + "text": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", @@ -627,28 +632,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "1.84% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.47% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 1.84% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.923 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.891 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$2.049 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.923 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$4.347 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.451 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$4.452 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.976 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.327 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.452 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.486 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.184 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.43 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.716 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.739 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.936 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$285.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $282.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$301.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $284.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.309 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.48 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.283 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.309 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products" @@ -657,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "US 9.6%, France 8.6%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 6%, Italy 4.9%, Austria 4.8%, Poland 4.4%, Switzerland 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.017 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.18 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$987.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.017 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, data processing equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electric equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agricultural products" @@ -666,27 +671,22 @@ "text": "Netherlands 13.7%, France 7.6%, China 7.3%, Belgium 6%, Italy 5.2%, Poland 5%, US 4.7%, Czech Republic 4.5%, UK 4.2%, Austria 4.2%, Switzerland 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$173.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $192.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$173.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $173.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.597 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.998 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$5.326 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $5.21 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.36 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.436 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.416 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.36 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.972 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.002 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.08 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.972 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "591 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -776,17 +776,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part" + "text": "one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been moderniz" }, "domestic": { - "text": "extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries" + "text": "extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roa" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a mixture of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of radio stations including multiple national radio networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio stations (2008)" + "text": "a mixture of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".de" @@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ "text": "6 (Finland 3, Netherlands 1, Switzerland 2)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "3,420 (Antigua and Barbuda 1094, Australia 2, Bahamas 30, Bermuda 14, Brazil 6, Bulgaria 12, Burma 1, Cayman Islands 3, Cook Islands 1, Curacao 25, Cyprus 192, Denmark 9, Dominica 5, Estonia 1, France 1, Gibraltar 123, Hong Kong 10, Isle of Man 56, Jamaica 10, Liberia 1185, Luxembourg 9, Malta 135, Marshall Islands 248, Morocco 1, Netherlands 86, NZ 2, Panama 24, Papua New Guinea 1, Philippines 2, Portugal 14, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Singapore 32, Slovakia 3, Spain 4, Sri Lanka 8, Sweden 3, UK 59, US 5, Venezuela 1) (2010)" + "text": "3,420 (Antigua and Barbuda 1094, Australia 2, Bahamas 30, Bermuda 14, Brazil 6, Bulgaria 12, Burma 1, Cayman Islands 3, Cook Islands 1, Curacao 25, Cyprus 192, Denmark 9, Dominica 5, Estonia 1, France 1, Gibraltar 123, Hong Kong 10, Isle of Man 56, Jamaica 10, (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 6f83af9e..02565400 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974 following the collapse of the dictatorship, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 2001. Greece has suffered a severe economic crisis since late 2009, due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Since 2010, Greece has entered three bailout agreements with the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB), and the IMF. The Greek Government agreed to its current, $96 billion bailout in July 2015, which will conclude in August 2018." + "text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974 following the collapse of the dictatorship, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 2001. Greece has suffered a severe economic crisis since late 2009, due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Since 2010, Greece has entered three bailout agreements with the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB), the IMF, and with the third, the European Stability Mechanism (ESM). The Greek Government agreed to its current, $96 billion bailout in August 2015, which will conclude in August 2018." } }, "Geography": { @@ -282,9 +282,6 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "25.1% (2014)" }, - "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2005)" - }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" @@ -370,7 +367,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 25 March (1821)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975; amended 1986, 2001, 2008 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a “special parliamentary resolution”; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended; amended 1986, 2001, 2008 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil legal system based on Roman law" @@ -397,10 +399,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Prokopis PAVLOPOULOS (since 13 March 2015)" + "text": "President Prokopios (Prokopis) PAVLOPOULOS (since 13 March 2015)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Alexis TSIPRAS (since 21 September 2015); note - Vassiliki THANOU-CHRISTOFILOU served as interim prime minister beginning on 27 August 2015 after the resignation of Alexis TSIPRAS on 20 August 2015; she was Greece's first female prime minister" + "text": "Prime Minister Alexios TSIPRAS (since 21 September 2015); note - Vasiliki THANOU-CHRISTOFILOU served as interim prime minister beginning on 27 August 2015 after the resignation of Alexios TSIPRAS on 20 August 2015; she was Greece's first female prime minister" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" @@ -420,22 +422,22 @@ "text": "last held on 20 September 2015 (next to be held by 2019); note - snap elections were called because of upheaval in the governing SYRIZA party over a new bailout deal with international creditors" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - SYRIZA 35.5%, ND 28.1%, Golden Dawn 7.0%, PASOK-DIMAR 6.3%, KKE 5.6%, To Potami 4.1%, ANEL 3.7%, EK 3.4%, other 6.3%; seats by party - SYRIZA 145, ND 75, Golden Dawn 18, PASOK-DIMAR 17, KKE 15, To Potami 11, ANEL 10, EK 9; note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold" + "text": "percent of vote by party - SYRIZA 35.5%, ND 28.1%, Golden Dawn 7.0%, PASOK-DIMAR 6.3%, KKE 5.6%, To Potami (The River) 4.1%, ANEL 3.7%, EK 3.4%, other 6.3%; seats by party - SYRIZA 145, ND 75, Golden Dawn 18, PASOK-DIMAR 17, KKE 15, To Potami 11, ANEL 10, EK 9; note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Hellenic Supreme Court of Civil and Penal Law (consists of 56 judges)" + "text": "Areios Pagos, the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court (consists of 56 judges); Council of State (supreme administrative court); Court of Auditors" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges selected by the Supreme Judicial Council, which includes the president of the Supreme Court, other judges, and the prosecutor of the Supreme Court; judges appointed for life following a 2-year probationary period" }, "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Supreme Administrative Court; Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; Court of Auditors" + "text": "Courts of Appeal and Courts of First Instance(district courts)" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership] ++ Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS] ++ Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS] ++ Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanassis) THEOCHAROPOULOS] ++ Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS] ++ Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS] ++ Movement of Democratic Socialists or KIDISO [Georgiose PAPANDREOU] ++ New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS] ++ Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Fofi GENIMMATA] ++ Popular Unity [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS] ++ To Potami (The River) [Stavros THEODORAKIS] ++ Union of Centrists or EK [Vassilis LEVENTIS]" + "text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership] ++ Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS] ++ Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS] ++ Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS] ++ Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS] ++ Movement of Democratic Socialists or KIDISO [Georgios PAPANDREOU] ++ New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS] ++ Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA] ++ People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS] ++ Popular Unity [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS] ++ To Potami (The River) [Stavros THEODORAKIS] ++ Union of Centrists or EK [Vasilis LEVENTIS]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Supreme Administration of Civil Servants Unions or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS] ++ Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS] ++ General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]" @@ -445,7 +447,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Theocharis LALACOS (since 27 June 2016)" + "text": "Ambassador Theocharis LALAKOS (since 27 June 2016)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2217 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -465,7 +467,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador David D. PEARCE (since 18 October 2013)" + "text": "Ambassador Geoffrey R. PYATT (since 24 October 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "91 Vasillisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens" @@ -506,55 +508,55 @@ "text": "Greece has a capitalist economy with a public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP about two-thirds that of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 18% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in agricultural and unskilled jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP. ++ ++ The Greek economy averaged growth of about 4% per year between 2003 and 2007, but the economy went into recession in 2009 as a result of the world financial crisis, tightening credit conditions, and Athens' failure to address a growing budget deficit. By 2013 the economy had contracted 26%, compared with the pre-crisis level of 2007. Greece met the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criterion of no more than 3% of GDP in 2007-08, but violated it in 2009, with the deficit reaching 15% of GDP. Deteriorating public finances, inaccurate and misreported statistics, and consistent underperformance on reforms prompted major credit rating agencies to downgrade Greece's international debt rating in late 2009 and led the country into a financial crisis. Under intense pressure from the EU and international market participants, the government accepted a bailout program that called on Athens to cut government spending, decrease tax evasion, overhaul the civil-service, health-care, and pension systems, and reform the labor and product markets. Austerity measures reduced the deficit to 3% in 2015. Successive Greek governments, however, failed to push through many of the most unpopular reforms in the face of widespread political opposition, including from the country's powerful labor unions and the general public. ++ ++ In April 2010, a leading credit agency assigned Greek debt its lowest possible credit rating, and in May 2010, the International Monetary Fund and euro-zone governments provided Greece emergency short- and medium-term loans worth $147 billion so that the country could make debt repayments to creditors. In exchange for the largest bailout ever assembled, the government announced combined spending cuts and tax increases totaling $40 billion over three years, on top of the tough austerity measures already taken. Greece, however, struggled to meet the targets set by the EU and the IMF, especially after Eurostat - the EU's statistical office - revised upward Greece's deficit and debt numbers for 2009 and 2010. European leaders and the IMF agreed in October 2011 to provide Athens a second bailout package of $169 billion. The second deal called for holders of Greek government bonds to write down a significant portion of their holdings to try to alleviate Greece’s government debt burden. However, Greek banks, saddled with a significant portion of sovereign debt, were adversely affected by the write down and $60 billion of the second bailout package was set aside to ensure the banking system was adequately capitalized. In exchange for the second bailout, Greece promised to step up efforts to increase tax collection, to reduce the size of government, and to rein in health spending. These austerity measures were designed to generate $7.8 billion in savings during 2013-15, but in fact prolonged Greece's economic recession and depressed tax revenues. ++ ++ In 2014, the Greek economy began to turn the corner on the recession. Greece achieved three significant milestones: balancing the budget - not including debt repayments; issuing government debt in financial markets for the first time since 2010; and generating 0.7% GDP growth — the first economic expansion since 2007. ++ ++ Despite the nascent recovery, widespread discontent with austerity measures helped propel the far-left Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) party into government in national legislative elections in January 2015. Between January and July 2015, frustrations between the SYRIZA-led government and Greece’s EU and IMF creditors over the implementation of bailout measures and disbursement of funds led the Greek government to run up significant arrears to suppliers and Greek banks to rely on emergency lending, and also called into question Greece’s future in the euro zone. To stave off a collapse of the banking system, Greece imposed capital controls in June 2015 shortly before rattling international financial markets by becoming the first developed nation to miss a loan payment to the IMF. Unable to reach an agreement with creditors, Prime Minister Alexios TSIPRAS held a nationwide referendum on 5 July on whether to accept the terms of Greece’s bailout, campaigning for the ultimately successful “no” vote. The TSIPRAS government subsequently agreed, however, to a new $96 billion bailout in order to avert Greece’s exit from the monetary bloc. On 20 August, Greece signed its third bailout which allowed it to cover significant debt payments to its EU and IMF creditors and ensure the banking sector retained access to emergency liquidity. The TSIPRAS government — which retook office on 20 September after calling new elections in late August — successfully secured disbursal of two delayed tranches of bailout funds. Despite the economic turmoil, Greek GDP did not contract as sharply as feared, with official source estimates of a -0.2% contraction in 2015, boosted in part by a strong tourist season." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$286 billion (2015 est.) ++ $286.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $284.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$290.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $290.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $291 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$195.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$195.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.) ++ -3.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$26,400 (2015 est.) ++ $26,200 (2014 est.) ++ $25,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$26,800 (2016 est.) ++ $26,700 (2015 est.) ++ $26,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "9.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 9.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "70.5%" + "text": "71.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.2%" + "text": "19.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "11.7%" + "text": "10.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2.2%" + "text": "-2.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.2%" + "text": "29.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4%" + "text": "4.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "15.2%" + "text": "15%" }, "services": { - "text": "80.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "80.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -564,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.791 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.761 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -581,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "25% (2015 est.) ++ 26.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "24.6% (2016 est.) ++ 25% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "36% (2014 est.)" @@ -599,26 +601,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$56.33 billion" + "text": "$93.34 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$60.19 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$102.1 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "47.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "177.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 180.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "181.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 177.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.7% (2015 est.) ++ -1.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.) ++ -1.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 March 2016) ++ 0.15% (11 June 2014)", @@ -627,28 +629,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.89% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.52% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.89% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$86.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $84.03 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$85.68 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $86.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$260.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $264.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$259.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $298.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$250 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $259.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$44.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.65 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $72.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$42.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $55.15 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $82.59 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$8 million (2015 est.) ++ -$5.006 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$70 million (2016 est.) ++ -$90 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$27.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.93 billion (2016 est.) ++ $27.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles" @@ -657,7 +659,7 @@ "text": "Italy 11.2%, Germany 7.3%, Turkey 6.6%, Cyprus 5.9%, Bulgaria 5.2%, US 4.8%, UK 4.2%, Egypt 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$46.62 billion (2015 est.) ++ $65.17 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$42.73 billion (2016 est.) ++ $46.62 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals" @@ -669,24 +671,19 @@ "text": "$6.026 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.212 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$514.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $575.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$506.6 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $468.2 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$21.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.54 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $21.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$30.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.49 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$29.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $30.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "48 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -782,11 +779,11 @@ "text": "microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 30; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; a number of smaller submarine cables provide connectivity to various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Cyprus; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat - Indian Ocean region) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 30; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; a number of smaller submarine cables provide connectivity to various parts of Europe, the Middle East, an (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150 private TV channels, about ten of which broadcast nationwide; 1 government-owned terrestrial TV channel with national coverage; 3 privately owned satellite channels; multi-channel satellite and cable TV services available; upwards of 1,500 radio stations, all of them privately owned; government-owned broadcaster has 2 national radio stations (2014)" + "text": "Broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150 private TV channels, about ten of which broadcast nationwide; 1 government-owned terrestrial TV channel with national coverage; 3 privately owned satellite channels; multi-channel satellite and (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gr" @@ -894,7 +891,7 @@ "text": "42 (Belgium 17, Bermuda 3, Cyprus 3, Italy 5, UK 6, US 8)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "2,459 (Antigua and Barbuda 4, Bahamas 225, Barbados 14, Belize 2, Bermuda 8, Brazil 1, Cabo Verde 1, Cambodia 2, Cayman Islands 9, Comoros 4, Curacao 1, Cyprus 201, Dominica 4, Egypt 8, Gibraltar 8, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 27, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 62, Italy 7, Jamaica 3, Liberia 505, Malta 469, Marshall Islands 408, Mexico 2, Moldova 1, Panama 379, Philippines 5, Portugal 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 42, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 4, Singapore 22, UAE 3, Uruguay 1, Vanuatu 3, Venezuela 4, unknown 10) (2010)" + "text": "2,459 (Antigua and Barbuda 4, Bahamas 225, Barbados 14, Belize 2, Bermuda 8, Brazil 1, Cabo Verde 1, Cambodia 2, Cayman Islands 9, Comoros 4, Curacao 1, Cyprus 201, Dominica 4, Egypt 8, Gibraltar 8, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 27, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 62, Italy 7 (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -935,7 +932,7 @@ "text": "198 (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "1,031,041 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (2015 - November 2016)" + "text": "1,033,169 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (2015 - November 2016)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 1f9f0b3d..c93c97c8 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ "text": "25.6% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivinica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sislak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)" + "text": "20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)" }, "Independence": { "text": "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)" @@ -375,7 +375,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of the members in the Assembly, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or by petition of 10 percent of total number of voters; proceedings to amend require majority vote of all Assembly members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of all Assembly members; passage of amendments by petition requires a majority vote in a popular referendum; promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations" @@ -426,6 +431,9 @@ }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; number of seats by party/coalition - HDZ coalition 61, People's Coalition 54, Most-NL 13, Only Option 8, minorities 8 (includes SDSS 3), other 7" + }, + "note": { + "text": "as of December 2016, seats by party - HDZ 56, SDP 37, MOST-NL 14, HNS 9, HSS 5, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HDS 2, PH 2, Human Blockade 2, other 7" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -440,7 +448,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA] ++ Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV] ++ Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG] ++ Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Dragan VULIN] ++ Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC] ++ Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [Tomislav KONCEVSKI] ++ Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Ivan TEPES] ++ Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK] ++ Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA] ++ Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] ++ Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR] ++ Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC] ++ HDZ Coalition [Andrej PLENKOVIC] (includes HDZ, HSLS, HDS) ++ Human Blockade [Ivan SINCIC] ++ Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC] ++ Independent List of Stipe Petrina or NLSP [Stipe PETRINA] ++ Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC] ++ Istrian Democrats [Damir KAJIN] ++ Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC] ++ Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC] ++ Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC] ++ People's Coalition [Zoran MILANOVIC] (includes SDP, HNS, HSU, HSS] ++ People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC] ++ Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC] ++ The Only Option Coalition (includes Human Blockade, PH, Always Frankers, Youth Action, Alphabet of Democracy)" + "text": "Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA] ++ Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV] ++ Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG] ++ Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Dragan VULIN] ++ Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC] ++ Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [Tomislav KONCEVSKI] ++ Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Ivan TEPES] ++ Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK] ++ Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA] ++ Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] ++ Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR] ++ Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC] ++ HDZ Coalition [Andrej PLENKOVIC] (includes HDZ, HSLS, HDS) (temporary electoral coalition) ++ Human Blockade [Ivan SINCIC] ++ Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC] ++ Independent List of Stipe Petrina or NLSP [Stipe PETRINA] ++ Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC] ++ Istrian Democrats [Damir KAJIN] ++ Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC] ++ Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC] ++ Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC] ++ People's Coalition [Zoran MILANOVIC] (includes SDP, HNS, HSU, HSS] (temporary electoral coalition) ++ People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC] ++ Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC] ++ The Only Option Coalition (includes Human Blockade, PH, Always Frankers, Youth Action, Alphabet of Democracy)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -510,55 +518,55 @@ "text": "Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. ++ ++ Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008 and has yet to recover; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year since 2009. Difficult problems still remain including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, uneven regional development, and a challenging investment climate. Croatia continues to face reduced foreign investment. ++ ++ On 1 July 2013, Croatia joined the EU, following a decade-long application process. Croatia will be a member of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism until it meets the criteria for joining the Economic and Monetary Union and adopts the euro as its currency. EU accession has increased pressure on the government to reduce Croatia’s relatively high public debt, which triggered the EU’s excessive deficit procedure for fiscal consolidation. Zagreb has cut spending since 2012, and the government also raised additional revenues through more stringent tax collection and by raising the value-added tax. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets, with mixed success." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$91.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $89.62 billion (2014 est.) ++ $89.95 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$94.24 billion (2016 est.) ++ $92.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $90.98 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$48.85 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$49.86 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ -0.4% (2014 est.) ++ -1.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.) ++ -0.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$21,600 (2015 est.) ++ $21,100 (2014 est.) ++ $21,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$22,400 (2016 est.) ++ $21,900 (2015 est.) ++ $21,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "59.3%" + "text": "59.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.7%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "19.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.8%" + "text": "-0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "49.4%" + "text": "50.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-46.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-47.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4.3%" + "text": "4.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.2%" + "text": "26.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "69.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "69.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -568,10 +576,10 @@ "text": "chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.677 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.61 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -585,7 +593,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "17.1% (2015 est.) ++ 19.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "15.8% (2016 est.) ++ 17.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.5% (2014 est.)" @@ -603,50 +611,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$21.3 billion" + "text": "$21.47 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$22.86 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$22.72 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "43.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "86.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 86.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "88.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 86.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7% (31 December 2013) ++ 7% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.83% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.28% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.83% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$10.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.07 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$49.38 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $49.24 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$42.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $41.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$42.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $46.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$40.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $42.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$36.29 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $33.75 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $33.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$2.143 billion (2015 est.) ++ $380 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.514 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.551 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.91 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.95 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.41 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.91 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels" @@ -655,7 +663,7 @@ "text": "Italy 13.4%, Slovenia 12.5%, Germany 11.4%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.9%, Austria 6.6%, Serbia 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$19.28 billion (2015 est.) ++ $21.39 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.98 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.28 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs" @@ -664,27 +672,22 @@ "text": "Germany 15.5%, Italy 13.1%, Slovenia 10.7%, Austria 9.2%, Hungary 7.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$14.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.42 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.46 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$50.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $56.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$48.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $50.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$39.74 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $39.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$41.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $39.74 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$8.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.077 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.484 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kuna (HRK) per US dollar - ++ 6.8583 (2015 est.) ++ 5.7482 (2014 est.) ++ 5.7482 (2013 est.) ++ 5.85 (2012 est.) ++ 5.3439 (2011 est.)" + "text": "kuna (HRK) per US dollar - ++ 6.971 (2016 est.) ++ 6.8583 (2015 est.) ++ 6.8583 (2014 est.) ++ 5.7482 (2013 est.) ++ 5.85 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "13 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -780,11 +783,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity has droped somewhat to about 35 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions now even with the population" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2015)" + "text": "country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk lin (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)" + "text": "the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terre (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".hr" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 8a3d483b..f04d8cf0 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ "text": "26% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -379,7 +379,12 @@ "text": "Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August; note - commemorates the date when his remains were transferred to Buda (now Budapest)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil legal system influenced by the German model" @@ -515,55 +520,55 @@ "text": "Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income nearly two-thirds that of the EU-28 average. ++ ++ In late 2008, Hungary's impending inability to service its short-term debt - brought on by the global financial crisis - led Budapest to obtain an IMF/EU/World Bank-arranged financial assistance package worth over $25 billion. The global economic downturn, declining exports, and low domestic consumption and investment, dampened by government austerity measures, resulted in a severe economic contraction in 2009. In 2010, the new government implemented a number of changes including cutting business and personal income taxes, but imposed \"crisis taxes\" on financial institutions, energy and telecom companies, and retailers. The IMF/EU bailout program lapsed at the end of 2010 and was replaced by Post Program Monitoring and Article IV Consultations on overall economic and fiscal processes. At the end of 2011 the government turned to the IMF and the EU to obtain a financial backstop to support its efforts to refinance foreign currency debt and bond obligations in 2012 and beyond, but Budapest's rejection of EU and IMF economic policy recommendations led to a breakdown in talks with the lenders in late 2012. Global demand for high yield has since helped Hungary to obtain funds on international markets. ++ ++ Hungary’s progress reducing its deficit to under 3% of GDP led the European Commission in 2013 to permit Hungary for the first time since joining the EU in 2004 to exit the Excessive Deficit Procedure. The government remains committed to keeping the budget deficit in check and lowering public debt by using sectoral taxes, while relying on state interventionist measures to lower utility prices and boost growth and employment." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$258.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $251.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $242.2 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$267.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $262.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $254.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$120.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$117.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2015 est.) ++ 3.7% (2014 est.) ++ 1.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 2.9% (2015 est.) ++ 3.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$26,200 (2015 est.) ++ $25,400 (2014 est.) ++ $24,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$27,200 (2016 est.) ++ $26,600 (2015 est.) ++ $25,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "49.5%" + "text": "50.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.9%" + "text": "20%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.3%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "92.1%" + "text": "94.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-83.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-85.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.6%" + "text": "3.5%" }, "industry": { "text": "31.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -573,10 +578,10 @@ "text": "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.519 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.564 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -586,11 +591,11 @@ "text": "29.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "63.2% (2011 est.)" + "text": "63.2% (2011)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2015 est.) ++ 7.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -608,56 +613,56 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$58.77 billion" + "text": "$57.32 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$61.21 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$60.08 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "48.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "49% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% of GDP", + "text": "-2.4% of GDP", "note": { - "text": "Hungary has been under the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure since it joined the EU in 2004; in March 2012 the EU elevated its Excessive Deficit Procedure against Hungary and proposed freezing 30% of the country's Cohesion Funds because 2011 deficit reductions were not achieved in a sustainable manner; in June 2012, the EU lifted the freeze, recognizing that steps had been taken to reduce the deficit; the latest EC forecasts project the Hungarian deficit to increase above 3% both in 2013 and in 2014 due to sluggish growth and the government's fiscal tightening (2015 est.)" + "text": "Hungary has been under the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure since it joined the EU in 2004; in March 2012 the EU elevated its Excessive Deficit Procedure against Hungary and proposed freezing 30% of the country's Cohesion Funds because 2011 deficit reductio (2016 est.)" } }, "Public debt": { - "text": "75.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 76.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "75.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 75.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and government, state government, local government, and social security funds" + "text": "general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities o" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.35% (22 July 2015) ++ 2.1% (23 July 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.9% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.45% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.9% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$46.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $41.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$48.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $46.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$68.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $66.91 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$69.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $76.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$68.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $69.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$25.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $27.71 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$17.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.51 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $19.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$6.141 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.13 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.72 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.291 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$89.44 billion (2015 est.) ++ $99.19 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$91.78 billion (2016 est.) ++ $89.44 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment 53.5%, other manufactures 31.2%, food products 8.7%, raw materials 3.4%, fuels and electricity 3.9% (2012 est.)" @@ -666,7 +671,7 @@ "text": "Germany 28%, Romania 5.4%, Slovakia 5.1%, Austria 5%, Italy 4.8%, France 4.7%, UK 4%, Czech Republic 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$84.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $95.81 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$86.61 billion (2016 est.) ++ $84.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment 45.4%, other manufactures 34.3%, fuels and electricity 12.6%, food products 5.3%, raw materials 2.5% (2012)" @@ -675,27 +680,22 @@ "text": "Germany 25.8%, China 6.7%, Austria 6.6%, Poland 5.5%, Slovakia 5.3%, France 5%, Czech Republic 4.8%, Netherlands 4.6%, Italy 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$33.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $42.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $33.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$127.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $145.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$131.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $127.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$236.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $237.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$240.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $236.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$165.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $167.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$168.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $165.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar - ++ 279.33 (2015 est.) ++ 232.6 (2014 est.) ++ 232.6 (2013 est.) ++ 225.1 (2012 est.) ++ 201.05 (2011 est.)" + "text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar - ++ 287.7 (2016 est.) ++ 279.33 (2015 est.) ++ 279.33 (2014 est.) ++ 232.6 (2013 est.) ++ 225.1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "28 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -791,11 +791,11 @@ "text": "competition among mobile-cellular service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile-cellular phones since 2000 and a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals (2015)" + "text": "country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture termin (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV services with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing their services; 4 state-supported public-service radio networks and 1 major national commercial station; a large number of local stations including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition completed at the end of 2013 (2016)" + "text": "mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels; highly d (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".hu" @@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ "text": "132 (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "410,154 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016)" + "text": "410,338 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index d6073304..53c6bf49 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ "text": "23.9% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "7.8% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -348,7 +348,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 17 June (1944)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence); amended many times, last in 2013 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence)" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum; amended many times, last in 2013 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model" @@ -475,55 +480,55 @@ "text": "Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Except for a brief period during the 2008 crisis, Iceland has achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of merchandise export earnings, more than 12% of GDP, and employs nearly 5% of the work force. It remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Since 2010, tourism has become the main pillar of Icelandic economic growth, with the number of tourists expected to reach or exceed 4.5 times the Icelandic population in 2016. ++ ++ Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of tourism, software production, and biotechnology. In fall 2013, the Icelandic Government approved a joint application by Icelandic, Chinese, and Norwegian energy firms to conduct oil exploration off Iceland’s northeast coast, although no exploration has yet taken place. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy, although the financial crisis has put several investment projects on hold. ++ ++ Following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s, domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled more than 10 times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. The country secured over $10 billion in loans from the IMF and other countries to stabilize its currency and financial sector, and to back government guarantees for foreign deposits in Icelandic banks. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have majority ownership by the State, which intends to re-privatize them. ++ ++ Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Iceland’s financial woes prompted an initial increase in public support to join the EU and the euro zone, with accession negotiations beginning in July 2010, but negotiations were suspended under the 2013 center-right government. Most macroeconomic indicators and employment have rebounded to pre-crisis levels, driven primarily by the unprecedented growth in tourism – averaging over 20% annually – following the well publicized volcanic eruption in 2010." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$15.15 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.58 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.3 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16.15 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.8 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$16.72 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$19.44 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$46,100 (2015 est.) ++ $44,700 (2014 est.) ++ $44,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$48,100 (2016 est.) ++ $46,200 (2015 est.) ++ $45,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "23.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "23.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "50.1%" + "text": "49.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "23.6%" + "text": "22.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.1%" + "text": "19.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "53.4%" + "text": "52.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-46.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-43.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.8%" + "text": "5.9%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -533,10 +538,10 @@ "text": "tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, hydropower, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "191,400 (2015 est.)" + "text": "195,000 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -550,7 +555,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%", @@ -571,50 +576,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$7.058 billion" + "text": "$10.35 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$7.139 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$7.911 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "12.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "67.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 82.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "56.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 67.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.4% (31 January 2012) ++ 5.75% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.61% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.74% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.61% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.314 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.213 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.327 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.314 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$8.368 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $8.12 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$18.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.93 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$2.825 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $2.021 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.996 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$710 million (2015 est.) ++ $627 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$567 million (2016 est.) ++ $710 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.653 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.861 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.653 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fish and fish products 40%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite (2010 est.)" @@ -623,7 +628,7 @@ "text": "Netherlands 26.1%, UK 11.6%, Spain 11.5%, Germany 7.4%, France 5.7%, US 5.7%, Norway 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.924 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.961 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.024 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.924 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -632,27 +637,22 @@ "text": "Norway 10.1%, Germany 8.6%, US 7.9%, China 7.9%, Denmark 7.1%, Netherlands 5.9%, Brazil 5.8%, UK 5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$5.041 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.176 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.412 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.041 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$31.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $97.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$27.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $31.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$16.72 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.19 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.72 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$15.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.84 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.44 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - ++ 131.92 (2015 est.) ++ 116.77 (2014 est.) ++ 116.77 (2013 est.) ++ 125.08 (2012 est.) ++ 115.95 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - ++ 129.3 (2016 est.) ++ 131.92 (2015 est.) ++ 131.92 (2014 est.) ++ 116.77 (2013 est.) ++ 125.08 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "18 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -748,11 +748,11 @@ "text": "liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canad (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned public TV broadcaster operates 1 TV channel nationally; several privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about one-half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV services; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 2 national networks and 4 regional stations; 2 privately owned radio stations operate nationally and another 15 provide more limited coverage (2007)" + "text": "state-owned public TV broadcaster operates 1 TV channel nationally; several privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about one-half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV services (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".is" diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 133c2413..bdb2a4d0 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -275,7 +275,12 @@ "text": "Tynwald Day, 5 July (1417); date Tynwald Day was first recorded" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "development of the Isle of Man constitution dates to at least the 14th century; the constitution has been expanded and amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "development of the Isle of Man constitution dates to at least the 14th century" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed as bills in the House of Keys by the “Government,” by a “Member of the House,” or by outside bodies or private individuals through petition to the House or Council; passage normally requires three separate readings and approval of at least 13 House members; following both House and Legislative Council agreement, assent is required by the lieutenant governor acting on behalf of the Crown; the constitution has been expanded and amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply and include Manx statutes" @@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of the Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) and the House of Keys (24 seats; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of the Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) and the House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held in September 2021)" @@ -491,14 +496,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Manx pounds (IMP) per US dollar - ++ 0.6542 (2015) ++ 0.607 (2014) ++ 0.6472 (2013 est.) ++ 0.6241 (2012 est.) ++ 0.624 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } + "text": "Manx pounds (IMP) per US dollar - ++ 0.7391 (2016 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2015 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2014) ++ 0.6472 (2013 est.) ++ 0.6241 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 356315de..b7eb1c28 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ "text": "23.7% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -379,7 +379,12 @@ "text": "Republic Day, 2 June (1946)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1848 (originally for Kingdom of Sardinia and adopted by Kingdom of Italy in 1861); latest enacted 22 December 1947, adopted 27 December 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948; amended many times, last in 2012; note - a proposed amendment that would significantly alter the parliament is slated for a referendum in October 2016 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1848 (originally for the Kingdom of Sardinia and adopted by the Kingdom of Italy in 1861); latest enacted 22 December 1947, adopted 27 December 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by both houses of Parliament; passage requires two successive debates and approval by absolute majority of each house on the second vote; a referendum is only required when requested by one-fifth of the members of either house, by voter petition, or by five Regional Councils (elected legislative assemblies of the 15 first-level administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions of Italy); amended many times, last in 2012; note - a referendum held on 4 December 2016 on constitutional amendments was defeated (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislation under certain conditions in Constitutional Court" @@ -406,10 +411,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015); Giorgio NAPOLITANO resigned 14 January 2015" + "text": "President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Matteo RENZI (since 22 February 2014); note - the prime minister title is President of the Council of Ministers" + "text": "Prime Minister Paolo GENTILONI (since 12 December 2016); note - Prime Minister Matteo RENZI (since 22 February 2014) resigned 12 December 2016; the prime minister's official title is President of the Council of Ministers" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and nominated by the president" @@ -418,7 +423,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 31 January 2015 (next scheduled for 2020); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by parliament" }, "election results": { - "text": "Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 1,009 (505-vote threshold); Matteo RENZI (PD) sworn in as prime minister on 22 February 2014" + "text": "Georgio MATTARELLA (PD) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 1,009 (505-vote threshold); Paolo GENTILONI (PD) sworn in as prime minister on 12 December 2016" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -445,13 +450,16 @@ }, "Political parties and leaders": { "Ruling left-center-right coalition": { - "text": " ++ Civic Choice or SC [Enrico ZANETTI] ++ Democratic Centre or CD [Bruno TABACCI] ++ Democratic Party or PD [Matteo RENZI] ++ The New Center-Right or NCD [Angelino ALFANO] ++ Union of the Center or UdC [Pier Fernando CASINI] ++ " + "text": " ++ Civic Choice or SC [Enrico ZANETTI] ++ Democratic Centre or CD [Bruno TABACCI] ++ Democratic Party or PD [Matteo RENZI] ++ The New Center-Right or NCD [Angelino ALFANO] ++ " }, "Center-right opposition": { "text": " ++ Brothers of Italy-National Alliance or FdI-AN [Giorgia MELONI, Ignazio LA RUSSA, and Guido CROSETTO] ++ Forza Italia [Silvio BERLUSCONI] (formerly PdL) ++ Northern League or LN [Matteo SALVINI] ++ other minor parties ++ " }, + "Center-left opposition": { + "text": " ++ Left Ecology Freedom [Nichi VENDOLA] ++ " + }, "Other parties": { - "text": " ++ Civil Revolution or RC [Antonio INGROIA] ++ Five Star Movment or M5S [Beppe GRILLO] ++ South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Philipp ACHAMMER]" + "text": " ++ Civil Revolution or RC [Antonio INGROIA] ++ Five Star Movment or M5S [Beppe GRILLO] ++ South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Philipp ACHAMMER] ++ Union of the Center or UdC [Pier Fernando CASINI]" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { @@ -544,32 +552,32 @@ "text": "Italy has a diversified economy, which is divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, where unemployment is higher. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors. ++ ++ Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, topping 135% of GDP in 2015, but investor concerns about Italy and the broader euro-zone crisis eased in 2013, bringing down Italy's borrowing costs on sovereign government debt from euro-era records. The government still faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its efforts to address Italy's longstanding structural impediments to growth, such as labor market inefficiencies and tax evasion. In 2014, economic growth and labor market conditions continued to deteriorate, with overall unemployment rising to 12.7% and youth unemployment around 40%, but Italy began to recover in 2015, with marginal growth and a slight reduction in unemployment." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.171 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.155 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $2.162 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.221 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.204 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.187 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.816 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.852 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.) ++ -0.3% (2014 est.) ++ -1.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.) ++ -0.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$35,700 (2015 est.) ++ $35,400 (2014 est.) ++ $36,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$36,300 (2016 est.) ++ $36,300 (2015 est.) ++ $36,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "61.1%" + "text": "60.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "16.5%" @@ -578,21 +586,21 @@ "text": "0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.2%" + "text": "29.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-27% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-26.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "2.3%" + "text": "2.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "23.7%" + "text": "23.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "74% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -602,10 +610,10 @@ "text": "tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "25.5 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.6 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -619,7 +627,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "11.9% (2015 est.) ++ 12.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11.4% (2016 est.) ++ 11.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.9% (2012 est.)" @@ -637,29 +645,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$870 billion" + "text": "$842.5 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$917 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$889.8 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "47.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "45.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "132.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 132.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "132.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 132.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the central government, state government, local government and social security funds" + "text": "Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.25% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.75% (31 December 2012)", @@ -668,28 +676,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.13% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.87% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.13% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.026 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.054 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$1.069 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.026 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$2.134 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.284 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.053 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.39 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.97 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.053 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$480.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $431.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $318.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$480.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $587.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $615.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$38.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $40.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$40.23 billion (2016 est.) ++ $39.91 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$450.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $518.3 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$436.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $450.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco; minerals, nonferrous metals" @@ -698,7 +706,7 @@ "text": "Germany 12.3%, France 10.3%, US 8.7%, UK 5.4%, Spain 4.8%, Switzerland 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$391.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $455.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$372.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $391.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages, tobacco" @@ -710,24 +718,19 @@ "text": "$130.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $142.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.459 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.635 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.444 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $2.3 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$463.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $493.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$472.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $463.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$594.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $632.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$610.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $594.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "267 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -823,11 +826,11 @@ "text": "high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 39; a series of submarine cables provide links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat (2015)" + "text": "country code - 39; a series of submarine cables provide links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "two Italian media giants dominate - the publicly owned Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations; a large number of private stations and Sky Italia - a satellite TV network; RAI operates 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations; about 1,300 commercial radio stations (2007)" + "text": "two Italian media giants dominate - the publicly owned Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations; a large number of private stations and Sky Italia - a satellite (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".it" @@ -935,7 +938,7 @@ "text": "90 (Denmark 4, France 2, Greece 7, Luxembourg 14, Netherlands 2, Nigeria 1, Norway 6, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 13, Taiwan 10, Turkey 4, UK 2, US 23)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "201 (Bahamas 1, Belize 3, Cayman Islands 7, Cyprus 6, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 4, Greece 5, Liberia 47, Malta 45, Marshall Islands 1, Morocco 1, Netherlands 6, Panama 25, Portugal 12, Russia 14, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Singapore 5, Slovakia 2, Spain 1, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UK 3, unknown 1) (2010)" + "text": "201 (Bahamas 1, Belize 3, Cayman Islands 7, Cyprus 6, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 4, Greece 5, Liberia 47, Malta 45, Marshall Islands 1, Morocco 1, Netherlands 6, Panama 25, Portugal 12, Russia 14, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Singapore 5, Slovakia 2, Spain 1 (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -976,7 +979,7 @@ "text": "747 (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "313,338 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (2015 - November 2016)" + "text": "327,030 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (2015 - November 2016)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index a08c56c5..26daee5c 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -278,7 +278,12 @@ "text": "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" + "history": { + "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposals introduced to the Assembly of the States of Jersey by a government minister, by an Assembly member, or by an elected parish head; passage requires several Assembly readings, a majority vote by the Assembly, review by the UK Ministry of Justice, and approval by the British monarch (Royal Assent) (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; local statutes" @@ -291,10 +296,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir John MCCOLL (since 26 September 2011)" + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor (currently vacant); Sir Stephen DALTON will take office in Marach 2017" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Chief Minister Ian GORST (since 18 December 2011); Bailiff Michael BIRT (since 9 July 2009)" + "text": "Chief Minister Ian GORST (since 18 November 2011); Bailiff William BAILHACHE (since 29 January 2015)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed individually by the states" @@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (54 seats; 49 voting members directly elected by simple majority vote include 8 senators to serve 6-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 constables or heads of parishes to serve 3-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)" + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 6-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 3-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in 2017)" @@ -316,7 +321,7 @@ }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges and organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Civil and Criminal Divisions); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners - part-time judges, and NA lay people referred to as jurats)" + "text": "Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges and organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Civil and Criminal Divisions); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners and lay people referred to as jurats)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Jersey Court of Appeal bailiffs and judges appointed by the Crown upon the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice; bailiffs and judges appointed for extent of good behavior; Royal Court bailiffs appointed by the Crown upon the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice; commissioners appointed by the bailiff; jurats appointed by the Electoral College; bailiffs and commissioners appointed for extent of good behavior; jurats appointed until retirement at age 72" @@ -455,15 +460,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Jersey pounds (JEP) per US dollar ++ 0.6542 (2012) ++ 0.607 (2014) ++ 0.607 (2013) ++ 0.6391 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Jersey pounds (JEP) per US dollar ++ 0.607 (2014) ++ 0.607 (2013) ++ 0.6542 (2012) ++ 0.6391 (2011 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - consumption": { "text": "630.1 million kWh (2004 est.)" } diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 36ed00c5..d98775bb 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -238,7 +238,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 17 February (2008)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; amended several times, last in 2016 (2016); note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in March 2016, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, a court established to try war crimes allegedly committed by the Kosovo Liberation Army in the late 1990s (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in August 2015, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, a court established to try war crimes allegedly committed by the Kosovo Liberation Army in the late 1990s" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one-fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment; amended several times, last in 2016 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; note- the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) retains limited executive powers related to the investigation of such issues as war crimes" @@ -285,7 +290,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 8 June 2014 (next expected to be held in June 2018)" + "text": "last held on 8 June 2014 (next expected to be held in 2018)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PDK/PD/LB/PSHDK/PK 30.4%, LDK 25.2%, VV 13.6%, AAK 9.5%, Serb List 5.2%, NISMA 5.2%, KDTP 1.0%, other 9.9%; seats by party/coalition - PDK/PD/LB/PSHDK/PK 37, LDK 30, VV 16, AAK 11, Serb List 9, NISMA 6, KDTP 2, VAKAT 2, other 7" @@ -302,11 +307,11 @@ "text": "subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (organized into 4 departments: General, Serious Crime, Commercial Matters, and Administrative Matters; Basic Court (located in 7 municipalities, each with several branches)" }, "note": { - "text": "in March 2016, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that establishes the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution; the court - to be located at the Hague in the Netherlands and expected to be in operation by the end of 2016 - will try alleged crimes by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army during the late 1990s; the court will be attached to each level of the Kosovo court system and consist of 4 Specialist Chambers with international judges and the Prosecutor's Office" + "text": "in August 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that establishes the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution; the court - to be located at the Hague in the Netherlands and expected to be in operation by early 2017 - will try alleged crimes by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army during the late 1990s; the court will be attached to each level of the Kosovo court system and consist of 4 Specialist Chambers with international judges and the Prosecutor's Office" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Albanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSHDK [Uke BERISHA] ++ Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ] ++ Conservative Party of Kosovo or PK [Munir BASHA] ++ Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Isa MUSTAFA] ++ Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Kadri VESELI, acting chairman] ++ Initiative for Kosovo or NISMA [Fatmir LIMAJ] ++ Justice Party of Kosovo or PD [Ferid AGANI] ++ Movement for Self-Determination (Vetevendosje) or VV [Visar YMERI] ++ Movement for Unification or LB [Valon MURATI] ++ Serb List [Slavko SIMIC] ++ Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR] ++ Vakat Coalition or VAKAT [Rasim DEMIRI]" + "text": "Albanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSHDK [Uke BERISHA] ++ Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ] ++ Conservative Party of Kosovo or PK [Munir BASHA] ++ Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Isa MUSTAFA] ++ Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Kadri VESELI] ++ Initiative for Kosovo or NISMA [Fatmir LIMAJ] ++ Justice Party of Kosovo or PD [Ferid AGANI] ++ Movement for Self-Determination (Vetevendosje) or VV [Visar YMERI] ++ Movement for Unification or LB [Valon MURATI] ++ Serb List [Slavko SIMIC] ++ Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR] ++ Vakat Coalition or VAKAT [Rasim DEMIRI]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "CiviKos Platform [Valdete IDRIZI] ++ Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom (human rights) [Behxhet SHALA] ++ Group for Political and Legal Studies [Fisnik KORENICA] ++ KLA War Veterans Organization [Muharrem XHEMAJLI] ++ Kosova Women's Network [Igballe ROGOVA] ++ Kosovar Civil Society Foundation [Venera HAJRULLAHU] ++ Kosovo Democratic Institute [Ismet KRYEZIU] ++ Organization for Democracy, Anti-Corruption and Dignity Rise! [Arton DEMHASAJ, acting chairman] ++ Serb National Council (SNV) ++ Speak Up [Petrit ZOGAJ, executive director]" @@ -374,25 +379,25 @@ "text": "Kosovo's economy has shown progress in transitioning to a market-based system and maintaining macroeconomic stability, but it is still highly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora - located mainly in Germany, Switzerland, and the Nordic countries - are estimated to account for about 15% of GDP and international donor assistance accounts for approximately 10% of GDP. With international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize a majority of its state-owned enterprises. ++ ++ Kosovo's citizens are the poorest in Europe with a per capita GDP (PPP) of $8,000 in 2014. An unemployment rate of 31%, and a youth unemployment rate near 60%, in a country where the average age is 26, encourages emigration and fuels a significant informal, unreported economy. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and a lack of technical expertise. Kosovo enjoys lower labor costs than the rest of the region. However, high levels of corruption, little contract enforcement, and unreliable electricity supply have discouraged potential investors. ++ ++ Minerals and metals production - including lignite, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, aluminum, magnesium, and a wide variety of construction materials - once the backbone of industry, has declined because of ageing equipment and insufficient investment. A limited and unreliable electricity supply is a major impediment to economic development, but Kosovo has received technical assistance to help improve the sector’s performance. In 2012, Kosovo privatized its electricity supply and distribution network. The US Government is cooperating with the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) and the World Bank to conclude a commercial tender for the construction of a new power plant, Kosovo C. MED also has plans for the rehabilitation of an older coal power plant, Kosovo B, and the development of a coal mine that could supply both plants. ++ ++ In June 2009, Kosovo joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, and began servicing its share of the former Yugoslavia's debt. In order to help integrate Kosovo into regional economic structures, UNMIK signed (on behalf of Kosovo) its accession to the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006. Serbia and Bosnia previously had refused to recognize Kosovo's customs stamp or extend reduced tariff privileges for Kosovo products under CEFTA, but both countries resumed trade with Kosovo in 2011. Kosovo joined the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2012 and the Council of Europe Development Bank in 2013. In 2014, Kosovo concluded the Stabilization and Association Agreement negotiations (SAA) with the EU, focused on trade liberalization, and signed it into law in 2015. In 2015, Kosovo negotiated a $185 million Stand-by Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF following the conclusion of its previous SBA in 2014. The official currency of Kosovo is the euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used illegally in Serb majority communities. Kosovo's tie to the euro has helped keep core inflation low. ++ ++ Kosovo experienced its first federal budget deficit in 2012, when government expenditures climbed sharply. In May 2014, the government introduced a 25% salary increase for public sector employees and an equal increase in certain social benefits. Central revenues could not sustain these increases, and the government was forced to reduce its planned capital investments. The government, led by Prime Minister MUSTAFA - a trained economist - recently made several changes to its fiscal policy, expanding the list of duty-free imports, decreasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) for basic food items and public utilities, and increasing the VAT for all other goods. In August 2015, as part of its EU-facilitated normalization process with Serbia, Kosovo signed agreements on telecommunications and energy distribution, but disagreements over who owns economic assets within Kosovo continue." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$17.39 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.84 billion (2014 est.) ++ $16.63 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$18.49 billion (2016 est.) ++ $17.77 billion (2015 est.) ++ $17.09 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.355 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$6.56 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.) ++ 3.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "NA (2015 est.) ++ NA (2014 est.) ++ NA (2013 est.)", + "text": "$10,000 (2016 est.) ++ $9,500 (2015 est.) ++ $9,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 US dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 12.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -411,7 +416,7 @@ "text": "5.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-43.5% (2012 est.)" + "text": "-43.5% (2014 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -469,16 +474,16 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "21.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "10.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.1% of GDP (2013)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2016 est.) ++ -0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "12.8% (30 June 2013 est.) ++ 13.7% (31 December 2012 est.)" @@ -490,7 +495,7 @@ "text": "$2.02 billion (2014 est.) ++ $2.505 billion (2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$512 million (2015 est.) ++ -$582 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$629 million (2016 est.) ++ -$560 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$349 million (2014 est.) ++ $408 million (2013 est.)" @@ -517,18 +522,13 @@ "text": "$411.6 million (2014 est.) ++ $448.2 million (2013 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$21.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $36.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "5.324 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" }, "Crude oil - production": { - "text": "NA bbl/day (2015 est.)" + "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { - "text": "NA bbl/day (2014 est.)" + "text": "13,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "16.6 bbl/day (2013 est.)" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index c667d4e3..4085ac10 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -390,7 +390,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Latvian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous (pre-1991 independence); note - following the restoration of independence in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reinforced and fully reinforced 6 July 1993; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous (pre-1991 independence); note - following the restoration of independence in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reintroduced 4 May 1990 and fully reintroduced 6 July 1993" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by two-thirds of Parliament members or by petition of one-tenth of qualified voters submitted through the president; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of three readings; amendment of constitutional articles including national sovereignty, language, the parliamentary electoral system, and constitutional amendment procedure requires passage by majority vote of at least half of the electorate in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system with traces of socialist legal traditions and practices" @@ -517,44 +522,44 @@ "text": "Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing nearly a third of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality. ++ ++ Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the softening world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged 18% in 2009. The economy has not returned to pre-crisis levels despite strong growth, especially in the export sector in 2011-14. ++ ++ The IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency's peg to the euro in exchange for the government's commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 99.8% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia joined the euro zone in 2014." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$49.08 billion (2015 est.) ++ $47.77 billion (2014 est.) ++ $46.67 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$50.87 billion (2016 est.) ++ $49.61 billion (2015 est.) ++ $48.29 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$27.05 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$27.95 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.) ++ 3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$24,700 (2015 est.) ++ $23,900 (2014 est.) ++ $23,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$25,700 (2016 est.) ++ $25,000 (2015 est.) ++ $24,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "19.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "61.4%" + "text": "61.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18%" + "text": "17.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.8%" + "text": "21%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.8%" + "text": "1.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "58.8%" + "text": "56.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-60.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-58.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -562,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "3.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "23%" + "text": "23.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +580,10 @@ "text": "processed foods, processed wood products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad cars, synthetic fibers, electronics" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "973,700 (2015 est.)" + "text": "968,700 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -592,7 +597,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.9% (2015 est.) ++ 10.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.6% (2016 est.) ++ 9.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -610,20 +615,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$9.718 billion" + "text": "$9.766 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$10.06 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.11 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "34.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "36.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 40.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "38.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 36.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" } @@ -632,31 +637,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.) ++ 0.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$10.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$12.88 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $13.41 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$13.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$15.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$1.115 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $1.076 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.252 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$433 million (2015 est.) ++ -$620 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$560 million (2016 est.) ++ -$332 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.22 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, wood and wood products, metals, machinery and equipment, textiles" @@ -665,7 +670,7 @@ "text": "Lithuania 17.8%, Russia 11.5%, Estonia 11.1%, Germany 6.3%, Poland 5.6%, Sweden 5.2%, UK 5%, Denmark 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$13.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $16.52 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, fuels, vehicles" @@ -677,24 +682,19 @@ "text": "$7.507 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.893 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$40.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $42.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$40.02 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $38.19 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$15.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$2.391 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.568 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.651 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.391 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "lati (LVL) per US dollar - ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.55 (2012 est.) ++ 0.5012 (2011 est.)" + "text": "lati (LVL) per US dollar - ++ 0.9129 (2016 est.) ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.9012 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 0.55 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "5 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned; system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations; cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and foreign broadcasts available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout the country; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations (2007)" + "text": "several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned; system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations; cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and forei (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".lv" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 14645f5a..cd6b4f71 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ "text": "27.5% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -378,7 +378,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Lithuanian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992; amended 1996, 2003, 2006 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum; amended 1996, 2003, 2006 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court" @@ -408,7 +413,7 @@ "text": "President Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (since 12 July 2009)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS (since 22 November 2012)" + "text": "Prime Minister Saulius SKVERNELIS (since 13 December 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by Parliament" @@ -417,7 +422,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 and 25 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2019); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament" }, "election results": { - "text": "Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE reelected president; percent of vote - Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (independent) 59%, Zigmantas BALCYTIS (LSDP) 41%; Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS (LSDP) approved as prime minister by Parliament vote - 90 of 130" + "text": "Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE reelected president; percent of vote - Dalia GRYBAUSKAITE (independent) 59%, Zigmantas BALCYTIS (LSDP) 41%; Saulius SKVERNELIS (LVZS) approved as prime minister by Parliament vote - 90 to 4" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -505,68 +510,68 @@ "text": "Lithuania gained membership in the WTO in May 2001 and joined the EU in May 2004. Lithuania's trade with the EU and CIS countries accounts for approximately 87.3% of total trade. Foreign investment and EU funding have aided in the transition from the former planned economy to a market economy. The three former Soviet Baltic republics were severely hit by the 2008-09 financial crisis, but Lithuania has rebounded and become one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. Lithuania’s ongoing recovery hinges on export growth, which is being hampered by economic slowdowns in the EU and Russia. Lithuania joined the euro zone on 1 January 2015 and is under review for membership in the OECD." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$82.36 billion (2015 est.) ++ $81.06 billion (2014 est.) ++ $78.68 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$85.79 billion (2016 est.) ++ $83.62 billion (2015 est.) ++ $82.29 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$41.27 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$42.78 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$28,400 (2015 est.) ++ $27,600 (2014 est.) ++ $26,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$29,900 (2016 est.) ++ $28,800 (2015 est.) ++ $28,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.6% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "64.1%" + "text": "65.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.5%" + "text": "17.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2.3%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "77.4%" + "text": "72.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-77.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-75.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.2%" + "text": "3.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.2%" + "text": "30.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "66.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "66.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs, pork, cheese; fish" }, "Industries": { - "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, biotechnology" + "text": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic com" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.469 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.459 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -580,7 +585,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.1% (2015 est.) ++ 10.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (2016 est.) ++ 9.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "4% (2008 est.)" @@ -598,53 +603,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$14.4 billion" + "text": "$14.68 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$14.48 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$15.12 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "34.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "45.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 42.5% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "41.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 45.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "official data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" + "text": "official data; data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.7% (2015 est.) ++ 0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ -0.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.1% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.1% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$22.25 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $22.41 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$25.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $23.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$24.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$27.58 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $24.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$3.964 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $4.075 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $5.661 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$932 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.734 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$676 million (2016 est.) ++ -$710 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$24.81 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$23.52 billion (2016 est.) ++ $24.81 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "refined fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, foodstuffs, plastics" @@ -653,7 +658,7 @@ "text": "Russia 13.7%, Latvia 9.8%, Poland 9.7%, Germany 7.8%, Estonia 5.3%, Belarus 4.6%, UK 4.5%, US 4.4%, Netherlands 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$26.93 billion (2015 est.) ++ $32.75 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.92 billion (2016 est.) ++ $26.93 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "oil, natural gas, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals" @@ -665,24 +670,19 @@ "text": "$1.697 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.728 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$30.81 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $33.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$34.48 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $31.6 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.33 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$3.427 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.404 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.727 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.427 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "litai (LTL) per US dollar - ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 2.69 (2012 est.) ++ 2.481 (2011 est.)" + "text": "litai (LTL) per US dollar - ++ 0.9129 (2016 est.) ++ 0.9012 (2015 est.) ++ 0.9012 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2013 est.) ++ 2.69 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions throughout the country (2007)" + "text": "public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-cha (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".lt" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 1035a0cf..2fd69c38 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -345,7 +345,12 @@ "text": "Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest passed by legislature 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe" @@ -483,68 +488,68 @@ "text": "Slovakia has made significant economic reforms since its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993. With a population of 5.4 million, the Slovak Republic has a small, open economy, with exports, at about 93% of GDP, serving as the main driver of GDP growth. Slovakia joined the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009. The country’s banking sector is sound. ++ ++ Slovakia has led the region garnering FDI, because of its relatively low-cost, highly-skilled labor force, reasonable tax rates, and favorable geographic location in the heart of Central Europe. However, recent increases in corporate taxes, as well as changes to the Labor Code, slow dispute resolution, and ongoing corruption potentially threaten the attractiveness of the Slovak market. Moreover, the energy sector is characterized by high costs, unpredictable regulatory oversight, and growing government interference." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$161 billion (2015 est.) ++ $155.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $151.6 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$169.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $163.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $157.8 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$86.63 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$90.26 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.) ++ 1.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$29,700 (2015 est.) ++ $28,700 (2014 est.) ++ $28,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$31,200 (2016 est.) ++ $30,200 (2015 est.) ++ $29,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 22.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "56%" + "text": "55.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "18.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23%" + "text": "22.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.4%" + "text": "-0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "93.8%" + "text": "94.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-91.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-91.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.7%" + "text": "3.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "31.1%" + "text": "31.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "65.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products" }, "Industries": { - "text": "automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical" + "text": "automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; p" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.719 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.724 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -558,7 +563,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "11.5% (2015 est.) ++ 12.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (2016 est.) ++ 11.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.6% (2014 est.)" @@ -576,20 +581,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$36.95 billion" + "text": "$34.87 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$39.53 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$37.04 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "52.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 53.9% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "52.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 52.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover general Government Gross Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" } @@ -598,7 +603,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.3% (2015 est.) ++ -0.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -0.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (9 December 2015) ++ 0.05% (10 September 2014)", @@ -607,28 +612,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.78% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.78% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $41.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$42.43 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $43 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$53.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $48.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$58.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $58.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$67.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $65.76 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$66.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $67.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$4.634 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.732 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.805 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$4.634 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.732 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.801 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$996 million (2015 est.) ++ $133 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$885 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.128 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$73.12 billion (2015 est.) ++ $83.16 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$74.35 billion (2016 est.) ++ $73.12 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "vehicles and related parts 27%, machinery and electrical equipment 20%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, iron and steel 4%, mineral oils and fuels 5% (2015 est.)" @@ -637,7 +642,7 @@ "text": "Germany 22.7%, Czech Republic 12.5%, Poland 8.5%, Austria 5.7%, Hungary 5.7%, France 5.6%, UK 5.5%, Italy 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$71.09 billion (2015 est.) ++ $79.36 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$71.47 billion (2016 est.) ++ $71.09 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 20%, vehicles and related parts 14%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, fuel and mineral oils 9% (2015 est.)" @@ -646,27 +651,22 @@ "text": "Germany 19.4%, Czech Republic 17.4%, Austria 9.1%, Hungary 6.3%, Poland 6.3%, South Korea 5.5%, Russia 5.2%, China 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.892 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.614 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.657 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.892 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$67.66 billion (30 September 2015 est.) ++ $67.78 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$75.04 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $74.19 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$56.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $59.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$59.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $56.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$10.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "27.25 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 2 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 50 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 32 privately owned radio stations (2016)" + "text": "state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 2 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 50 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sk" diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index aed2edeb..520c82f6 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -286,7 +286,12 @@ "text": "Assumption Day, 15 August, and National Day, 15 August (1940)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921; amended many times, last in 2011 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed as bills by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of “Government” proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of all eligible voters; amended many times, last in 2011 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law" @@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in two multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 3 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2017)" @@ -348,7 +353,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Jakob BUECHEL] ++ Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Elfried HASLER] ++ The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Wolfgang MARXER] ++ The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]" + "text": "Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Jakob BUECHEL] ++ Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Thomas BANZER] ++ The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Pepo FRICK] ++ The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO" @@ -460,7 +465,7 @@ "text": "$995.3 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$890.4 million (2011 est.)" + "text": "$890.4 million (2012 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -503,15 +508,10 @@ } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - ++ 0.9627 (2015) ++ 0.9377 (2012) ++ 0.9377 (2012) ++ 0.94 (2012 est.) ++ 0.8876 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - ++ 0.9992 (2016 est.) ++ 0.9377 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "145.3 million kWh (2012)" }, @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates several radio stations in Liechtenstein (2008)" + "text": "relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates several radi (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".li" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index f863c00d..ddd31692 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -277,6 +277,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "24.8% (2014)" }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2012)" + }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "14 years" @@ -345,7 +348,12 @@ "text": "National Day (birthday of Grand Duke Henri) 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the festivities were shifted to allow observance during a more favorable time of year" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "adoption requires at least two-thirds vote by the Chamber of Deputies in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if voted for by more than one-quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system" @@ -407,7 +415,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] ++ Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Claude WISELER] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN] ++ Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christian KMIOTEK] ++ Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN] ++ The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Central Committee] ++ other minor parties" + "text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] ++ Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN] ++ Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christian KMIOTEK] ++ Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN] ++ The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Central Committee] ++ other minor parties" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Business Federation Luxembourg or FEDIL [Nicolas BUCK, chairman] ++ Centrale Paysanne [Marc FISCH] (federation of agricultural producers) ++ Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) [Roland KUHN] ++ Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) [Carlo THELEN] ++ Chambre des Salaries or CSL [Jean-Claude REDING] ++ General Association of Officials (Confederation Generale de la Fonction Publique or CGFP [Romain WOLFF] (trade union representing civil service) ++ Greenpeace [Kumi NAIDOO] ++ LCGP [Patrick DURY] (center-right trade union) ++ Luxembourg Association of Bankers and Insurance Employees or ALEBA [Roberto SCOLATI] ++ Luxembourg Bankers Association or ABBL [Yves MAAS] ++ Mouvement Ecologique [Blanche WEBER] (environment protection) ++ OGB-L [Andre ROELTGEN] (center-left trade union)" @@ -433,7 +441,7 @@ } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { - "chief of mission": { + "US chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador David MCKEAN (since 14 April 2016)" }, "embassy": { @@ -472,44 +480,44 @@ "text": "This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, machinery and equipment, rubber, automotive components, and other products. The financial sector, which accounts for about 36% of GDP, is the leading sector in the economy. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 39% of its labor force. ++ ++ Luxembourg experienced uneven economic growth in the aftermath of the global economic crisis that began in late 2008. Luxembourg's GDP contracted 3.6% in 2009, rebounded in 2010-12, fell again in 2013-14, but recovered in 2015. Unemployment has remained below the EU average despite having increased from a historically low rate of 4% in the 2000s to 7.1% in 2014. ++ ++ The country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks among the highest in the world and is the highest in the euro zone. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position and the lowest public debt level in the region. ++ ++ Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure. In 2015, the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has depressed banking activity and dampened GDP growth. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg’s tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$55.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $53.32 billion (2014 est.) ++ $51.23 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$58.74 billion (2016 est.) ++ $56.75 billion (2015 est.) ++ $54.13 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$57.42 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$60.98 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.) ++ 4.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$99,000 (2015 est.) ++ $96,900 (2014 est.) ++ $95,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$102,000 (2016 est.) ++ $100,800 (2015 est.) ++ $98,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "23% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "29.4%" + "text": "27.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.6%" + "text": "16.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "17.6%" + "text": "17.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "213.9%" + "text": "210.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-177.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-172.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -517,10 +525,10 @@ "text": "0.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "11.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "88.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "88.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -530,12 +538,12 @@ "text": "banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "260,700", + "text": "272,000", "note": { - "text": "data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2015 est.)" + "text": "data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -550,7 +558,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.7% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -568,29 +576,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$24.74 billion" + "text": "$25.85 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$24.02 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$25.52 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.9% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "21.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", @@ -599,25 +607,25 @@ } }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$218.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $209.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$232.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $218.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circul" } }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$268.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $275 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$281.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $271 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$108.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $115.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$110.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $108.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$70.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $67.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $101.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$47.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $63.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $78.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.581 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.711 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.189 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$17.81 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.57 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $17.81 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass" @@ -626,7 +634,7 @@ "text": "Germany 22.1%, Belgium 16.7%, France 16.6%, UK 4.7%, Italy 4.6%, Netherlands 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$20.22 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.81 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.33 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.22 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods" @@ -635,10 +643,10 @@ "text": "Belgium 27.6%, Germany 22.9%, China 11.7%, France 9.5%, US 8.4%, Netherlands 4.2%, Mexico 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$771 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $863 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $771 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$3.331 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.525 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$3.781 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $3.806 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA ++ $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)" @@ -647,15 +655,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.4 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -755,7 +758,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites; domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2008)" + "text": "Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".lu" @@ -859,7 +862,7 @@ "text": "18-24 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2015) ++ 0.39% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.39% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "0.44% of GDP (2016) ++ 0.43% of GDP (2015) ++ 0.39% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2012)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index a758412f..dd54f52e 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -107,15 +107,15 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Moldovan 75.8%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.9%, Gagauz 4.4%, Romanian 2.2%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1%, unspecified 0.4%", + "text": "Moldovan 75.8%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.9%, Gagauz 4.4%, Romanian 2.2%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1%, unspecified 0.4% (2004 est.)", "note": { - "text": "internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region (2004 est.)" + "text": "internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region" } }, "Languages": { - "text": "Moldovan 58.8% (official; virtually the same as the Romanian language), Romanian 16.4%, Russian 16%, Ukrainian 3.8%, Gagauz 3.1% (a Turkish language), Bulgarian 1.1%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.4%", + "text": "Moldovan 58.8% (official; virtually the same as the Romanian language), Romanian 16.4%, Russian 16%, Ukrainian 3.8%, Gagauz 3.1% (a Turkish language), Bulgarian 1.1%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.4% (2004 est.)", "note": { - "text": "represents lanugage usually spoken (2004 est.)" + "text": "represents language usually spoken" } }, "Religions": { @@ -397,7 +397,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 27 August (1991)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; amended several times, last in 2010; note – in early 2016, a Moldovan Constitutional Court decision allows for direct presidential elections, reversing a constitutional amendment allowing Parliament to select the president (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by voter petition (at least 200,000 eligible voters), by one-third of Parliament members, or by the government; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament within one year of initial proposal; revisions to constitutional articles on sovereignty, independence, and neutrality require majority vote by referendum; articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2010; note – in early 2016, a Moldovan Constitutional Court decision allowed for direct presidential elections, reversing a constitutional amendment allowing Parliament to select the president (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" @@ -424,7 +429,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Nicolae TIMOFTI (since 23 March 2012)" + "text": "President Igor DODON (since 23 December 2016)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Pavel FILIP (since 20 January 2016)" @@ -436,7 +441,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 November 2016 (next to be held in fall 2020); prime minister designated by the president upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence for his/her proposed work program from the Parliament" }, "election results": { - "text": "Igor DODON elected president; percent of vote - Igor DODON (Socialist Party) 52.3%, Maia SANDU (Action and Solidarity Party) 47.7%; Pavel FILIP (Democratic Party) designated prime minister; Parliament vote - 57 of 101; note - Igor DODON is scheduled to take office on 23 March 2017" + "text": "Igor DODON elected president; percent of vote - Igor DODON (Socialist Party) 52.2%, Maia SANDU (Action and Solidarity Party) 47.8%; Pavel FILIP (Democratic Party) designated prime minister; Parliament vote - 57 of 101" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -463,10 +468,10 @@ }, "Political parties and leaders": { "represented in Parliament": { - "text": " ++ Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN] ++ Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Marian LUPU] ++ Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Valeriu STRELET, acting] ++ Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU] ++ Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Igor DODON]" + "text": " ++ Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN] ++ Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Marian LUPU] ++ Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Valeriu STRELET, acting] ++ Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU] ++ Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Zinaida GRECEANII, acting]" }, "not represented in Parliament": { - "text": " ++ Action and Sloidarity Party or PAS [Maia SANDU] ++ Anti-Mafia Movement [Sergiu MOCANU] ++ Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Victor CIOBANU] ++ Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA] ++ Dignity and Truth Party [Andrei NASTASE] ++ Ecological Party of Moldova \"Green Alliance\" or PEMAVE [Vladimir BRAGA] ++ European People’s Party of Moldova (EPPM) [Iurie LEANCA] ++ Humanist Party of Moldova or PUM [Valeriu PASAT] ++ Labor Party or PM [Gheorghe SIMA] ++ Liberal Reformers Party or PLR [Ion HADARCA] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO] ++ Our Home Moldova [Grigore PETRENCO] ++ Our Party [Renato USATII] ++ Patriots of Moldova Party or PPM [Mihail GARBUZ] ++ Republican Party of Moldova or PRM [Andrei STRATAN] ++ Revival Party [Vadim MISIN] ++ Roma Social Political Movement of the Republic of Moldova or MRRM [Ion BUCUR] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN] ++ Social Political Movement \"Equality\" or MR [Valeriy KLIMENCO] ++ United Moldova Party or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]" + "text": " ++ Action and Solidarity Party or PAS [Maia SANDU] ++ Anti-Mafia Movement or MPA [Sergiu MOCANU] ++ Centrist Union of Moldova or UCM [Mihai PETRACHE] ++ Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA] ++ Conservative Party or PC [Natalia NIRCA] ++ Democracy at Home Party or PPDA [Vasile COSTIUC] ++ Democratic Action Party or PAD [Mihai GODEA] ++ Dignity and Truth Platform or PDA [Andrei NASTASE] ++ Ecologist Green Party or PVE [Anatolie PROHNITCHI] ++ European People’s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA] ++ Popular Democratic Party of Moldova or PPDM [Valeriu PASAT] ++ Labor Party or PM [Marcel DARIE] ++ Liberal Reformers Party or PLR [Ion HADARCA] ++ “Motherland” Party or PP [Emilian CIOBU] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO] ++ Our Home Moldova or PCNM [Grigore PETRENCO] ++ Our Party or PN [Renato USATII] ++ People’s Party of Moldova or PPRM [Alexandru OLEINIC] ++ Progressive Society Party or PSP [Oleg MATVEI] ++ Regions Party of Moldova or PRM [Alexandr KALININ] ++ “Right” Party or PD [Ana GUTU] ++ Russian-Slavean Party of Moldova or PRSM [Oleg TOPOLNITKI] ++ Shor Party or PS [Ilan SHOR] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN] ++ Social-Political Movement “New Force” or MFN [Valeriu PLESCA] ++ Socialist People’s Party of Moldova or PPSM [Victor STEPANIUC] ++ United Moldova Party or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { @@ -532,44 +537,44 @@ "text": "Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.12 billion from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Russia, and other former Soviet Bloc countries. ++ ++ With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $5 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. Moldova hopes to build a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers. ++ ++ The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2014 due to increased agriculture production, to economic policies adopted by the Moldovan government since 2009, and to the receipt of EU trade preferences. Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU during fall 2014, connecting Moldovan products to the world’s largest market. Still, a $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; a subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu. Moldova’s growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption and a Russian import ban on Moldova’s agricultural products. ++ ++ Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, higher fuel prices, Russian political and economic pressure, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$17.79 billion (2015 est.) ++ $17.99 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.17 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$18.54 billion (2016 est.) ++ $18.18 billion (2015 est.) ++ $18.26 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.414 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$6.65 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.) ++ 9.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ -0.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,000 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,200 (2016 est.) ++ $5,100 (2015 est.) ++ $5,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "17.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 18% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "89.7%" + "text": "89.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.6%" + "text": "23.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "1.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "43.2%" + "text": "43%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-78.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-78.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -577,10 +582,10 @@ "text": "14.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "21.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -590,10 +595,10 @@ "text": "sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.228 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.253 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -607,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.3% (2016 est.) ++ 5.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "20.8% (2013 est.)" @@ -625,29 +630,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.158 billion" + "text": "$2.297 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.292 billion" + "text": "$2.456 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "National Public Budget (2015 est.)" + "text": "National Public Budget (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "33.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "34.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "39.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "44.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9.7% (2015 est.) ++ 5.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.4% (2016 est.) ++ 9.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "19.5% (31 December 2015) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2014)", @@ -656,25 +661,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.01% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.2% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.188 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.698 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.095 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.188 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$3.402 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.685 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.643 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.003 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$9.723 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $50.47 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $51.46 million (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$426 million (2015 est.) ++ -$294 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$189 million (2016 est.) ++ -$304 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.507 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.805 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.45 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.507 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, textiles, machinery" @@ -683,7 +688,7 @@ "text": "Romania 23.1%, Italy 10.2%, Turkey 9.4%, Russia 8%, Germany 6.6%, Belarus 6.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.595 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.858 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.45 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.595 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles" @@ -692,10 +697,10 @@ "text": "Russia 22.7%, Romania 18.1%, Ukraine 11.5%, Germany 7%, Italy 4.8%, Turkey 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.757 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.157 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.757 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$6.207 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.464 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.362 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.207 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$3.647 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.615 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" @@ -704,15 +709,10 @@ "text": "$108.2 million (31 December 2012) ++ $88.42 million (31 December 2011)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar - ++ 19.83 (2015 est.) ++ 15.435 (2014 est.) ++ 14.036 (2013 est.) ++ 12.11 (2012 est.) ++ 11.738 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar - ++ 20.4 (2016 est.) ++ 19.83 (2015 est.) ++ 19.83 (2014 est.) ++ 14.036 (2013 est.) ++ 12.11 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ "text": "18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; male registration required at age 16; 1-year service obligation (2016)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "0.3% of GDP (2015 projected) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2011) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "0.3% of GDP (2016) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2015) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.3% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 08e014f0..cd654bcd 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -364,7 +364,12 @@ "text": "National Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against Nazi occupiers and sided with the partisan Communist movement)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007; amended 2013, 2014 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum; amended 2013, 2014 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law" @@ -394,7 +399,7 @@ "text": "President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012)" + "text": "Prime Minister Dusko MARKOVIC (since 28 November 2016); note - Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC resigned 26 October 2016" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers act as cabinet" @@ -439,7 +444,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009" @@ -494,25 +499,25 @@ "text": "Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. From the beginning of the privatization process in 1999 through 2015, around 85% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism brings in twice as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. ++ ++ Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. ++ ++ The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Italy, Norway, Austria, Russia, Hungary and the UK. Net foreign direct investment in 2014 reached $483 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe. ++ ++ Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system. Construction will cost around $1.1 billion. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. In May 2013, the Montenegrin Government raised the higher level VAT rate to 19%." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$10.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.642 billion (2014 est.) ++ $9.473 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$10.61 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.789 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.039 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.242 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 3.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,100 (2015 est.) ++ $15,500 (2014 est.) ++ $15,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$17,000 (2016 est.) ++ $16,200 (2015 est.) ++ $15,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 5.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 5.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -586,7 +591,7 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "36.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" @@ -594,14 +599,14 @@ "Public debt": { "text": "59.5% of GDP (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 57.9% of GDP (2013 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ -0.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "9.22% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 9.36% (31 December 2013 est.)" @@ -619,7 +624,7 @@ "text": "$7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.827 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$535 million (2015 est.) ++ -$699 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$437 million (2016 est.) ++ -$387 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$370.2 million (2014 est.) ++ $489.2 million (2012 est.)" @@ -646,15 +651,10 @@ "text": "$133 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index c9ede980..6b21c771 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991. Greek objection to Macedonia’s name, insisting it implies territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of the same name, have stalled the country’s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name “Macedonia” was used. Macedonia was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as “The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution are ongoing. Since 2004, the US and over 130 other nations have recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an insurgency in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. Relations between Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain fragile, however. Although Macedonia became an EU candidate in 2005, the country still faces challenges, including overcoming the ongoing political crisis that began in 2015 when opposition party SDSM began releasing wiretap content that it alleged showed widespread government corruption, the ongoing migration crisis, fully implementing the Framework Agreement, resolving the outstanding name dispute with Greece, improving relations with Bulgaria, halting democratic backsliding, and stimulating economic growth and development. Macedonia's membership in NATO was blocked by Greece at the Alliance's Summit of Bucharest in 2008." + "text": "Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991. Greek objection to Macedonia’s name, insisting it implies territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of the same name, and democratic backsliding have stalled the country’s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name “Macedonia” was used. Macedonia was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as “The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution are ongoing. Since 2004, the US and over 130 other nations have recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an insurgency in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA), which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. Relations between Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain fragile, however. ++ Macedonia has been engulfed in a political crisis that began after the 2014 legislative and presidential election, and which escalated in 2015 when opposition party began releasing wiretap content that it alleged showed widespread government corruption. Although Macedonia became an EU candidate in 2005, the country still faces challenges, including overcoming the political crisis, fully implementing OFA, resolving the outstanding name dispute with Greece, improving relations with Bulgaria, halting democratic backsliding, and stimulating economic growth and development. At the 2008 NATO Summit in Bucharest, Romania, the Allies agreed that Macedonia would be invited to join the Alliance as soon as a mutually acceptable resolution to the name dispute was reached with Greece." } }, "Geography": { @@ -376,7 +376,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 8 September (1991); also known as National Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by at least 30 members of the Assembly, or by petition of at least 150,000 citizens; draft amendments require approval by majority vote of Assembly members, followed by public debate; final passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" @@ -423,10 +428,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (123 seats; 120 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies worldwide by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 27 April 2014 (the election scheduled for 5 June 2016 has been postponed until 11 December 2016)" + "text": "last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held in 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - VMRO-DPMNE 43.0%, SDSM 25.3%, BDI 13.7%, PDSh 5.9%, GROM 2.8%, RDK 1.6%, other 4.3%, invalid 3.4%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 61, SDSM 34, BDI 19, PDSh 7, GROM 1, RDK 1" + "text": "percent of vote by party - VMRO-DPMNE 39.4%, SDSM coalition 37.9%, BDI 7.5%, Besa Movement 5.0%, Alliance for Albanians 3.1%, PDSh 2.7%, other 4.4%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 51, SDSM coalition 49, BDI 10, Besa Movement 5, Alliance for Albanians 3, PDSh 2" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -441,9 +446,9 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Citizens Option for Macedonia or GROM [Stevco JAKIMOVSKI] ++ Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI] ++ Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Ali AHMETI] ++ Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI] ++ National Democratic Revival or RDK [Vesel MEMEDI] ++ Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV]", + "text": "Alliance for Albanians ++ Besa Movement [Bilal KASAMI] ++ Citizens Option for Macedonia or GROM [Stevco JAKIMOVSKI] ++ Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI] ++ Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Ali AHMETI] ++ Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI] ++ National Democratic Revival or RDK [Vesel MEMEDI] ++ Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV]", "note": { - "text": "during the 2014 parliamentary elections VMRO-DPMNE, SDSM, and GROM each led coalitions" + "text": "during the 2016 parliamentary elections VMRO-DPMNE and SDSM each led coalitions" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { @@ -509,44 +514,44 @@ "text": "Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment, but has lagged the Balkan region in attracting foreign investment. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law. ++ ++ Macedonia’s economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 30% since 2008, but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics. ++ ++ Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged against the euro, and by limiting fiscal deficits. The government has been loosening fiscal policy, however, and the budget deficit was 4.2% of GDP in both 2013 and 2014, gradually falling to 3.7% in 2015. By yearend 2015, public debt was 40.3%, which although low by regional comparison, is significant for a small economy." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$29.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.01 billion (2014 est.) ++ $27.05 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$30.13 billion (2016 est.) ++ $29.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.44 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.922 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.49 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$14,000 (2015 est.) ++ $13,500 (2014 est.) ++ $13,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$14,500 (2016 est.) ++ $14,200 (2015 est.) ++ $13,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 22.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 30.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "67.7%" + "text": "68%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.7%" + "text": "16.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "17.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "13.7%" + "text": "12.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "48.5%" + "text": "50%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-64.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-65.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -554,10 +559,10 @@ "text": "11.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.1%" + "text": "26.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "62.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -567,10 +572,10 @@ "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "954,900 (2015 est.)" + "text": "957,400 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -584,7 +589,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "26.1% (2015 est.) ++ 28% (2014 est.)" + "text": "24.9% (2016 est.) ++ 26.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "30.4% (2011 est.)" @@ -602,29 +607,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.903 billion" + "text": "$3.063 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.252 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.44 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "29.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "46.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "50.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 46.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; include treasury debt held by foreign entitites; exclude debt issued by sub-national entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds" + "text": "official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; include treasury debt held by foreign entitites; exclude debt issued by sub-na" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.) ++ -0.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3.25% (31 December 2014) ++ 3.25% (31 December 2013)", @@ -633,25 +638,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.08% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.46% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.08% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.797 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.692 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.899 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.797 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$6.129 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.282 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.308 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.111 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.534 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.308 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$2.084 billion (31 December 2014) ++ $2.302 billion (31 December 2013) ++ $2.423 billion (31 December 2012)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$141 million (2015 est.) ++ -$91 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$194 million (2016 est.) ++ -$141 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.372 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.682 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.166 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.372 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco; textiles, miscellaneous manufactures, iron, steel; automotive parts" @@ -660,7 +665,7 @@ "text": "Germany 33.2%, Kosovo 11.5%, Bulgaria 5.1%, Greece 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$5.393 billion (2015 est.) ++ $6.15 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.011 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.393 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products" @@ -669,27 +674,22 @@ "text": "Germany 15.9%, UK 13.6%, Greece 10.9%, Serbia 8.7%, Bulgaria 6.7%, Turkey 5.5%, Italy 4.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.471 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.963 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.576 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.471 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.029 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.241 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.68 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.029 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$6.123 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.373 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.123 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$599.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $600.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$749.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $599.6 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar - ++ 55.537 (2015 est.) ++ 46.437 (2014 est.) ++ 46.437 (31 December 2013 est.) ++ 47.89 (2012 est.) ++ 44.231 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar - ++ 56.82 (2016 est.) ++ 55.537 (2015 est.) ++ 55.537 (2014 est.) ++ 46.437 (31 December 2013 est.) ++ 47.89 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.569 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "public TV broadcaster operates 3 national channels and a satellite network; 5 privately owned TV channels broadcast nationally using terrestrial transmitters and about 15 broadcast on national level via satellite; roughly 75 local commercial TV stations; large number of cable operators offering domestic and international programming; public radio broadcaster operates over multiple stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationally; about 70 local commercial radio stations (2012)" + "text": "public TV broadcaster operates 3 national channels and a satellite network; 5 privately owned TV channels broadcast nationally using terrestrial transmitters and about 15 broadcast on national level via satellite; roughly 75 local commercial TV stations; (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mk" @@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ "text": "667 (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "477,997 refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016 est.)" + "text": "478,004 refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016 est.)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index b03c8661..7422e71c 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -308,7 +308,12 @@ "text": "National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962; amended 2002 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members; amended 2002 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system influenced by French legal tradition" @@ -491,10 +496,10 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.075 billion" + "text": "$914.5 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.144 billion (2011 est.)" + "text": "$973 million (2011 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -534,14 +539,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { @@ -573,7 +571,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco (2012)" + "text": "TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mc" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index a8911a25..545d47e5 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ "text": "28.7% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "8.3% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -368,7 +368,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1964); Republic Day, 13 December (1974)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of \"Acts\" requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House of Representatives and assent by the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law (based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes)" @@ -433,7 +438,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alternativa Demokratika or AD (Green Party) [Arnold CASSOLA] ++ Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT] ++ Nationalist Party or PN [Simon BUSUTTIL]" + "text": "Alternattiva Demokratika or AD (Green Party) [Arnold CASSOLA] ++ Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT] ++ Nationalist Party or PN [Simon BUSUTTIL]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Alliance of Liberal Democrats Malta (Alleanza Liberali-Demokratika Malta) or ALDM (for divorce, abortion, gay marriage, women's rights) ++ Alliance for Change (Alleanza Bidla) (Euros-septic) ++ Together for a Better Environment (Flimkien Ghal-Ambjent Ahjar) or FAA (pro-environment) ++ ", @@ -498,44 +503,44 @@ "text": "Malta - the smallest economy in the euro zone - produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has few domestic energy sources. Malta's economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism. Malta joined the EU in 2004 and adopted the euro on 1 January 2008. ++ ++ Malta has weathered the euro-zone crisis better than most EU member states due to a low debt-to-GDP ratio and financially sound banking sector. It has low unemployment relative to other European countries, and growth has recovered since the 2009 recession. In 2014 and 2015, Malta led the euro zone in growth, expanding by nearly 3.5% each year. ++ ++ Malta’s services sector continued to grow in 2015, with noted increases in the financial services and online gaming sectors. Malta continues to enhance its regulation of the financial services sector, and passed additional legislation in 2014 and 2015 to improve anti-money laundering oversight for financial and gaming activities. Expanding EU discussions of anti-tax avoidance measures, including the “Anti-Tax Avoidance Package” submitted in early 2016, have raised concerns among Malta’s financial services and insurance providers about passage of laws governing EU tax practices, which could have a significant impact on those sectors. ++ ++ Malta’s 2015 GDP growth was bolstered by energy infrastructure investments, and revenue growth is expected to continue, supported by a strong labor market and proceeds from a citizenship by investment program equal to roughly 0.9% of GDP. Malta's geographic position between Europe and North Africa makes it a route for irregular migration. Historically, Malta's fertility rate has been below the EU average, and population growth in recent years has been largely from immigration, increasing pressure on the pension system. The government has implemented new programs, including free childcare, to encourage increased labor participation. The high cost of borrowing and small labor market remain potential constraints to future economic growth." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$15.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.03 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16.32 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.68 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.77 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.801 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.46 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.) ++ 4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$35,900 (2015 est.) ++ $34,300 (2014 est.) ++ $33,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37,900 (2016 est.) ++ $36,500 (2015 est.) ++ $34,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "34.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "31.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.9%" + "text": "52.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.9%" + "text": "24.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.5%" + "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "141.1%" + "text": "135.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-137.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-132.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -559,7 +564,7 @@ "text": "5.9% (2015)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "196,600 (2015 est.)" + "text": "201,600 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -573,7 +578,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (2016 est.) ++ 5.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.9% (2014 est.)" @@ -591,29 +596,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$4.087 billion" + "text": "$4.288 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.23 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.401 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "41.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "41% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "63.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 67.1% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "62.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 63.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central government, state government, local government and social security funds" + "text": "Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in E" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "-0.21% (31 December 2015) ++ -0.09% (31 December 2013)", @@ -622,28 +627,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.4% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.4% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$12.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$14.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating" } }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$17.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$17.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$4.468 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.353 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.636 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$4.405 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.642 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.249 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$403 million (2015 est.) ++ $417 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$653 million (2016 est.) ++ $962 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.956 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.48 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.915 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.956 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and mechanical appliances; mineral fuels, oils and petroleum products; pharmaceutical products; books and newspapers; aircraft/spacecraft and parts; toys, games, and sports equipment" @@ -652,7 +657,7 @@ "text": "Germany 13.3%, France 10.2%, Hong Kong 7.4%, Singapore 7.3%, UK 6.4%, US 5.8%, Italy 5.6%, Japan 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.603 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.964 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.479 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.603 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, oils and products; electrical machinery; aircraft/spacecraft and parts thereof; machinery and mechanical appliances; plastic and other semi-manufactured goods; vehicles and parts" @@ -661,10 +666,10 @@ "text": "Italy 23%, Netherlands 8.4%, UK 7.5%, Germany 6.8%, Canada 6.1%, China 4.1%, France 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$571.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $619.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$537.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $571.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$99.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $103.8 billion (30 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$97.35 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $104.4 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$164.4 billion (30 June 2015 est.) ++ $158.7 billion (December 31, 2014 est.)" @@ -673,15 +678,10 @@ "text": "$69.09 billion (31 June 2015 est.) ++ $67.32 billion (30 December 2014 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.17 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, two of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 stations; roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2016)" + "text": "2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, two of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; mu (2016)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".mt" @@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 544, cargo 351, carrier 1, chemical tanker 324, container 117, liquefied gas 36, passenger 50, passenger/cargo 18, petroleum tanker 160, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 22, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 18" }, "foreign-owned": { - "text": "1,437 (Angola 7, Azerbaijan 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 15, Bulgaria 8, Canada 5, China 6, Croatia 6, Cyprus 32, Denmark 34, Egypt 1, Estonia 16, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 135, Greece 469, Hong Kong 4, India 3, Iran 48, Ireland 4, Israel 3, Italy 45, Japan 5, Kuwait 3, Latvia 8, Lebanon 6, Libya 5, Luxembourg 3, Malaysia 1, Monaco 3, Netherlands 3, Norway 96, Oman 5, Poland 21, Portugal 3, Romania 7, Russia 45, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 4, Slovenia 4, South Korea 2, Spain 8, Sweden 1, Switzerland 20, Syria 4, Turkey 233, UAE 1, UK 21, Ukraine 29, US 34)" + "text": "1,437 (Angola 7, Azerbaijan 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 15, Bulgaria 8, Canada 5, China 6, Croatia 6, Cyprus 32, Denmark 34, Egypt 1, Estonia 16, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 135, Greece 469, Hong Kong 4, India 3, Iran 48, Ireland 4, Israel 3, Italy 45, Japan 5, Kuw" }, "registered in other countries": { "text": "2 (Panama 2) (2010)" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index fb4f46c7..2ce23205 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -374,7 +374,12 @@ "text": "King's Day (the King's birthday of 27 April (1967); celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1597, 1798; latest adopted 24 August 1815 (substantially revised in 1848); amended many times, last in 2010 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1597, 1798; latest adopted 24 August 1815 (substantially revised in 1848)" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed as an “Act of Parliament” by or on behalf of the king or by the Second Chamber of the States General; the Second Chamber is dissolved after its first reading of the “Act”; passage requires a second reading by both the First Chamber and newly elected Second Chamber, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, and ratification by the king; amended many times, last in 2010 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General" @@ -504,44 +509,44 @@ "text": "The Netherlands, the sixth-largest economy in the European Union, plays an important role as a European transportation hub, with a persistently high trade surplus, stable industrial relations, and moderate unemployment. Industry focuses on food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 2% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for food-processing and underpins the country’s status as the world’s second largest agricultural exporter. ++ ++ The Netherlands is part of the euro zone, and as such, its monetary policy is controlled by the European Central Bank. The Dutch financial sector is highly concentrated, with four commercial banks possessing over 90% of banking assets. The sector suffered as a result of the global financial crisis and required billions of dollars of government support, but the European Banking Authority completed stringent reviews in 2014 and deemed Dutch banks to be well-capitalized. To address the 2009 and 2010 economic downturns, the government sought to stimulate the domestic economy by accelerating infrastructure programs, offering corporate tax breaks for employers to retain workers, and expanding export credits. The stimulus programs and bank bailouts, however, resulted in a government budget deficit of 5.3% of GDP in 2010 that contrasted sharply with a surplus of 0.7% in 2008. ++ ++ The government of Prime Minister Mark RUTTE has since implemented significant austerity measures to improve public finances and has instituted broad structural reforms in key policy areas, including the labor market, the housing sector, the energy market, and the pension system. As a result, the government budget deficit at the end of 2015 dropped to 2% of GDP. Following a protracted recession during which unemployment doubled to 7.4% and household consumption contracted for nearly three consecutive years, 2014 saw fragile GDP growth of 1% and a rise in most economic indicators. Growth picked up in 2015 as households boosted purchases through reduced saving. Drivers of growth included increased exports and business investments, as well as newly invigorated household consumption." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$832.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $816.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $808.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$865.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $851.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $835.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$738.4 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$769.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.) ++ -0.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$49,200 (2015 est.) ++ $48,400 (2014 est.) ++ $48,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$50,800 (2016 est.) ++ $50,300 (2015 est.) ++ $49,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 28.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "28.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 27.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "44.6%" + "text": "44.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "25.3%" + "text": "24.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "-0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "82.5%" + "text": "81.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-71.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-71% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -549,10 +554,10 @@ "text": "1.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "18%" + "text": "17.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "70.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "70.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -562,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.895 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.919 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -579,7 +584,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.2% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -597,29 +602,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$324 billion" + "text": "$322.6 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$337.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$333.5 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "41.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "65.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 68.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "63.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 65.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.2% (2015 est.) ++ 0.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2016 est.) ++ 0.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)", @@ -628,28 +633,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "1.85% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.27% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 1.85% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$405.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $435 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$404.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $405.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.119 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.158 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.619 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.855 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.569 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.619 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$671.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $698.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $578.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$728.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $786.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $817.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$80.99 billion (2015 est.) ++ $93.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$69.82 billion (2016 est.) ++ $64.42 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$476.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $574.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$460.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $476.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs" @@ -658,7 +663,7 @@ "text": "Germany 24.5%, Belgium 11.1%, UK 9.3%, France 8.4%, Italy 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$389.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $469.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$376.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $389.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing" @@ -670,24 +675,19 @@ "text": "$38.21 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $42.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$4.154 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.524 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$4.284 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $4.02 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$739.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $671.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$844 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $739.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.102 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.046 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.207 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.102 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "98 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -783,14 +783,14 @@ "text": "highly developed and well maintained" }, "domestic": { - "text": "extensive fixed-line, fiber-optic network; large cellular telephone system with 5 major operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications technology; one in five households now use Voice over the Internet Protocol services" + "text": "extensive fixed-line, fiber-optic network; large cellular telephone system with 5 major operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications technology; one in five households now use Voice over the Internet Protocol ser" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 31; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 5 (3 Intelsat - 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (2011)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "more than 90% of households are connected to cable or satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in regional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial television companies, each with 3 or more stations, and many commercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600 radio stations with a mix of public and private stations providing national or regional coverage (2008)" + "text": "more than 90% of households are connected to cable or satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in r (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".nl" @@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ "text": "196 (Australia 1, Bermuda 1, Denmark 27, Finland 13, France 2, Germany 86, Ireland 8, Italy 6, Japan 1, Norway 19, Sweden 12, UAE 4, US 16)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "233 (Antigua and Barbuda 17, Bahamas 23, Belize 1, Canada 1, Curacao 43, Cyprus 23, Germany 1, Gibraltar 34, Italy 2, Liberia 31, Luxembourg 3, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 21, Panama 6, Paraguay 1, Philippines 17, Russia 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Singapore 1, UK 1, unknown 1) (2010)" + "text": "233 (Antigua and Barbuda 17, Bahamas 23, Belize 1, Canada 1, Curacao 43, Cyprus 23, Germany 1, Gibraltar 34, Italy 2, Liberia 31, Luxembourg 3, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 21, Panama 6, Paraguay 1, Philippines 17, Russia 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, S (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ "text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2014)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "1.15% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.16% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.23% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.26% of GDP (2011) ++ 1.34% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "1.17% of GDP (2016) ++ 1.16% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.15% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.16% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.23% of GDP (2012)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index b8b9d720..04aa454a 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "text": "24.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "7.4% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -374,7 +374,12 @@ "text": "Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814; amended over 400 times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament; amended over 400 times, last in 2015" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts" @@ -504,44 +509,44 @@ "text": "Norway's has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. ++ ++ The country is richly endowed with natural resources in addition to oil and gas, including hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals. The government manages the country’s petroleum resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of jobs, 15% of GDP, and 39% of exports, according to official national estimates. Norway is one of the world's leading petroleum exporters, though oil production in 2015 was close to 50% below its peak in 2000; annual gas production, conversely, more than doubled over the same time period. ++ ++ In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from petroleum sector activities in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $800 billion as of early 2016. The government allows itself to use up to 4% of the fund’s value, its annual expected real rate of return, to help balance the federal budget each year. After solid GDP growth in 2004-07, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to modest, positive growth from 2010 to 2015. Lower oil prices in 2015 caused growth to slow, increased unemployment, and weakened the Norwegian krone. The latter trend has mitigated the negative impact of lower oil and gas prices by making Norwegian exports cheaper for foreign buyers. The government has expressed willingness to increase public spending from the sovereign wealth fund to help prevent a recession." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$356.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $350.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $343.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$364.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $361.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $356 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$389.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$376.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.) ++ 1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$68,400 (2015 est.) ++ $68,000 (2014 est.) ++ $67,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$69,300 (2016 est.) ++ $69,500 (2015 est.) ++ $69,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 40.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 38.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "35.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 37.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 40.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "42.6%" + "text": "44%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "23.2%" + "text": "24.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "23.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "5.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.1%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-31.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-33.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -549,10 +554,10 @@ "text": "1.8%" }, "industry": { - "text": "35%" + "text": "34.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "63.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "63.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -562,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.772 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.794 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -579,7 +584,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.8% (2016 est.) ++ 4.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -597,53 +602,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$211.6 billion" + "text": "$199.8 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$188.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$188.8 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "54.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "53.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "31.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "32.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 2.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 1.75% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "1.75% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.25% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 1.75% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$200.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $120.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$206.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $200.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$323.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $310 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$527.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $590.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$549.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $527.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$252.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $219.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $250.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $219.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $265.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$35.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $59.78 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.23 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.04 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$102.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $143.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$92.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $102.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish" @@ -652,7 +657,7 @@ "text": "UK 22.2%, Germany 17.9%, Netherlands 10.2%, France 6.6%, Sweden 6.1%, Belgium 5%, US 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$75.79 billion (2015 est.) ++ $90.89 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$73.02 billion (2016 est.) ++ $75.79 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs" @@ -664,27 +669,22 @@ "text": "$57.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $64.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$661.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $730.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)", + "text": "$642.3 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $640.1 billion (31 March 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "Norway is a net external creditor" } }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$201.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $225.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$206.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $201.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$192.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $229.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$195.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $192.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - ++ 8.0646 (2015 est.) ++ 6.3021 (2014 est.) ++ 6.3021 (2013 est.) ++ 5.82 (2012 est.) ++ 5.6065 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - ++ 8.615 (2016 est.) ++ 8.0646 (2015 est.) ++ 8.0646 (2014 est.) ++ 6.3021 (2013 est.) ++ 5.82 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "142 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -780,11 +780,11 @@ "text": "Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)" + "text": "state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broad (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".no" @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ "text": "81 (Bermuda 24, Canada 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, France 5, Iceland 2, Lithuania 1, Saudi Arabia 3, Sweden 27, US 10)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "974 (Antigua and Barbuda 9, Bahamas 186, Barbados 38, Belize 2, Bermuda 5, Brazil 3, Canada 4, Chile 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 8, Croatia 2, Curacao 2, Cyprus 14, Denmark 2, Dominica 1, Equatorial Guinea 1, Estonia 2, Faroe Islands 13, Gibraltar 46, Hong Kong 48, Indonesia 3, Isle of Man 30, Italy 6, Liberia 38, Libya 1, Malta 96, Marshall Islands 75, Netherlands 19, Panama 81, Portugal 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13, Singapore 153, Spain 10, Sweden 3, UK 32, US 17, Vanuatu 1, unknown 3) (2010)" + "text": "974 (Antigua and Barbuda 9, Bahamas 186, Barbados 38, Belize 2, Bermuda 5, Brazil 3, Canada 4, Chile 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 8, Croatia 2, Curacao 2, Cyprus 14, Denmark 2, Dominica 1, Equatorial Guinea 1, Estonia 2, Faroe Islands 13, Gibraltar 46, Hong Kon (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 38ac3dca..803e7f57 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ "text": "27% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -378,7 +378,12 @@ "text": "Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997; amended 2006, 2009, 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum; amended 2006, 2009, 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative, administrative, and other governmental acts; constitutional law rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final" @@ -517,55 +522,55 @@ "text": "Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization since 1990 and Poland's economy was the only EU country to avoid a recession through the 2008-09 economic downturn. Although EU membership and access to EU structural funds have provided a major boost to the economy since 2004, GDP per capita remains significantly below the EU average and the unemployment rate is now below the EU average. ++ ++ The government of Prime Minister Donald TUSK steered the Polish economy through the economic downturn by skillfully managing public finances and adopting controversial pension and tax reforms to further shore up public finances. While the Polish economy has performed well over the past five years, growth slowed in 2013 and picked back up in 2014-15. Poland’s new center-right Law and Justice government plans to introduce expansionary economic policies to spur long-term growth, but social spending programs are expected to lead to increased deficit spending over the medium term. ++ ++ Poland faces several challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix and sources of supply, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, and as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.005 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $970.2 billion (2014 est.) ++ $938.9 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.052 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.02 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $984.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$474.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$467.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$26,500 (2015 est.) ++ $25,500 (2014 est.) ++ $24,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$27,700 (2016 est.) ++ $26,800 (2015 est.) ++ $25,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "58.7%" + "text": "57.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18%" + "text": "17.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.1%" + "text": "19.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.4%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "49.4%" + "text": "50.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-46.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-46.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.3%" + "text": "2.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "41.1%" + "text": "38.5%" }, "services": { - "text": "55.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +580,10 @@ "text": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "17.76 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "17.78 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -592,7 +597,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "10.5% (2015 est.) ++ 12.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.6% (2016 est.) ++ 10.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.3% (2012 est.)" @@ -610,53 +615,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$76.65 billion" + "text": "$73.4 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$87.95 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$86.56 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "45% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 43.9% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "44.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 45% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-government" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ -1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2.5% (31 December 2014) ++ 1.5% (31 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.92% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.25% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.92% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$177.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $172.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$186.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $177.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$306.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $318.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$337.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $348 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$344.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $337.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$177.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $190.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$137.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $168.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $204.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.215 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$11.13 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$250 million (2016 est.) ++ -$1.117 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$190.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $210.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$188.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $190.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 est.)" @@ -665,7 +670,7 @@ "text": "Germany 27.1%, UK 6.8%, Czech Republic 6.6%, France 5.5%, Italy 4.8%, Netherlands 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$188.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $215 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$189.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $188.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)" @@ -674,27 +679,22 @@ "text": "Germany 27.6%, China 7.5%, Russia 7.2%, Netherlands 5.9%, Italy 5.2%, France 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$94.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $100.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$90.21 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $94.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$332.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $338.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$344.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $332.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$221.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $249.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$228.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $221.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$62.12 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $65.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$64.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $62.12 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - ++ 3.7721 (2015 est.) ++ 3.1538 (2014 est.) ++ 3.1538 (2013 est.) ++ 3.26 (2012 est.) ++ 2.9639 (2011 est.)" + "text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - ++ 4.056 (2016 est.) ++ 3.7721 (2015 est.) ++ 3.7721 (2014 est.) ++ 3.1538 (2013 est.) ++ 3.26 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "150 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations broadcasting to multiple cities, and many privately owned local radio stations (2007)" + "text": "state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadc (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".pl" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 154dee72..63056b18 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "22.1% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -382,7 +382,12 @@ "text": "Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976; amended several times, last in 2005 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" @@ -418,7 +423,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2016 (next to be held in January 2021); following legislative elections which must be held by October 2015, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2016 (next to be held in January 2021); following legislative elections last held in October 2015, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition was appointed prime minister by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, Antonio Sampaio da NOVA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATISA (BE) 10.1%, Maria de BELEM (independent) 4.2%, other 10.8%" @@ -450,7 +455,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS] ++ Ecologist Party (The Greens) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA] ++ Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] ++ Portugal Ahead Coalition or PAF (includes PSD and CDS/PP) ++ Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Pedro PASSOS COELHO] ++ Socialist Party or PS [Antonio COSTA] ++ The Left Bloc or BE [Catarina Soares MARTINS] ++ Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party (\"The Greens\") or PEV)" + "text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] ++ Ecologist Party (The Greens) or PEV [Jose Luis FERREIRA and Heloisa APOLONIA] ++ Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] ++ Portugal Ahead Coalition or PAF (includes PSD and CDS/PP) ++ Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Fernando RUAS] ++ Socialist Party or PS [Antonio COSTA] ++ The Left Bloc or BE [Catarina Soares MARTINS] ++ Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party (\"The Greens\") or PEV)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Armed Forces Officers' Association or AOFA [Colonel Pereira CRACEL] ++ the Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment) ++ General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers or UGT [Carlos SILVA] ++ Portuguese National Workers' Conference or CGTP [Armenio CARLOS] ++ TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action)", @@ -524,44 +529,44 @@ "text": "Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. ++ ++ The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted in 2009, and fell again from 2011 to 2014, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. A modest recovery began in 2013 and gathered steam in 2014 due to strong export performance and a rebound in private consumption. Although austerity measures were instituted to reduce the large budget deficit, they contributed to record unemployment and a wave of emigration not seen since the 1960s. ++ ++ A continued reduction in private- and public-sector debt could weigh on consumption and investment in 2016, holding back a stronger recovery. The prior center-right government passed legislation aimed at reducing labor market rigidity, and, this, along with sustained fiscal discipline, could make Portugal more attractive to foreign direct investment. Under the center-right government, the budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 3.5% in 2015, reaching the EU-IMF target of 4%, but still above its EU fiscal obligations, under the excessive deficit procedure. EU-IMF financing expired in May 2014. The new center-left Socialist government, however, has signaled that it will unwind spending cuts associated with austerity while remaining within EU fiscal targets." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$289.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $285.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $283 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$297.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $294.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $289.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$199.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$205.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0.9% (2014 est.) ++ -1.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 0.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$27,800 (2015 est.) ++ $27,500 (2014 est.) ++ $27,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$28,500 (2016 est.) ++ $28,300 (2015 est.) ++ $27,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 16% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "15% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "65.9%" + "text": "66.3%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "18.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "15%" + "text": "14.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.2%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "40.3%" + "text": "39.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-39.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-38.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -572,20 +577,20 @@ "text": "21.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "75.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "75.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish" }, "Industries": { - "text": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics" + "text": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construc" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.195 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.167 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -599,7 +604,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "12.4% (2015 est.) ++ 13.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2016 est.) ++ 12.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18.7% (2012 est.)" @@ -617,29 +622,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$87.3 billion" + "text": "$87.26 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$96.05 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$92.25 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "129% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 130.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "126.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 129% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (31 December 2014) ++ 0.25% (31 December 2013)", @@ -648,28 +653,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.49% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.3% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.49% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$72.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $66.76 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$87.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$296.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $316.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$326.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $364.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$321.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $326.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$126.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $57.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $65.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$59.84 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $57.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $79.18 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$901 million (2015 est.) ++ $280 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$46 million (2016 est.) ++ $838 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$54.33 billion (2015 est.) ++ $62.72 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$52.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $54.33 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals" @@ -678,7 +683,7 @@ "text": "Spain 25%, France 12.1%, Germany 11.8%, UK 6.7%, US 5.2%, Angola 4.2%, Netherlands 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$64.49 billion (2015 est.) ++ $75.29 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$61.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $64.49 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials" @@ -690,24 +695,19 @@ "text": "$19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.62 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$493.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $531.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$449 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $447 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$138.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $153.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$138.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $138.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$87.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $95.58 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$88.27 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $87.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "50 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -803,11 +803,11 @@ "text": "integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2015)" + "text": "country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; troposp (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)" + "text": "Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".pt" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 6973e60c..df6467c4 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ "text": "1.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -399,7 +399,12 @@ "text": "National Day, 15 February (1835), the day the first constitution of the country was adopted" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "many previous; latest approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006, adopted 30 September 2006, effective 8 November 2006; note - proposed amendments to establish a special court for war crimes were defeated in June 2015 by the National Assembly (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "many previous; latest adopted 30 September 2006, approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006, effective 8 November 2006" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least one-third of deputies in the National Assembly, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition of at least 150,000 voters; passage of proposals and draft amendments each requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Assembly; amendments to constitutional articles including the preamble, constitutional principles, and human and minority rights and freedoms also require a referendum with passage by simple majority vote (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system" @@ -467,7 +472,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for a Better Serbia - coalition includes LDP, LSV, SDS ++ Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR] ++ Communist Party or KP [Josip Joska BROZ] ++ Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina [Petar KUNTIC] ++ Democratic Party or DS [Dragan SUTANOVAC] ++ Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Sanda RASKOVIC-IVIC] ++ Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC] ++ Enough of Enough [Sasa RADULOVIC] ++ For a Just Serbia - coalition includes DS, NS, RS, DSVH, VVS, Together for Sumadija ++ Greens of Serbia or ZS [Ivan KARIC] ++ League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK] ++ Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC] ++ Movement of Socialists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN] ++ New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC] ++ Party for Democratic Action or PDD [Riza HALIMI] ++ Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN] ++ Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Milan KRKOBABIC] ++ Reformist Party or RS [Aleksandar VISNJIC] ++ Serbia is Winning - coalition includes SNS, SDPS, PUPS, NS, SPO, PS, PSS, NDSS, SNP ++ Serbian People's Party or SNP [Nenad POPOVIC] ++ Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC] ++ Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ] ++ Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDS [Boris TADIC] ++ Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC] ++ Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC] ++ Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC] ++ Together for Serbia or ZZS [Dusan PETROVIC] ++ Together for Sumadija [Veroljub STEVANOVIC]", + "text": "Alliance for a Better Serbia - coalition includes LDP, LSV, SDS ++ Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR] ++ Communist Party or KP [Josip Joska BROZ] ++ Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina [Petar KUNTIC] ++ Democratic Party or DS [Dragan SUTANOVAC] ++ Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Milos Jovanovic] ++ Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC] ++ Enough of Enough [Sasa RADULOVIC] ++ For a Just Serbia - coalition includes DS, NS, RS, DSVH, VVS, Together for Sumadija ++ Greens of Serbia or ZS [Ivan KARIC] ++ League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK] ++ Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC] ++ Movement of Socialists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN] ++ New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC] ++ Party for Democratic Action or PDD [Riza HALIMI] ++ Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN] ++ Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Milan KRKOBABIC] ++ Reformist Party or RS [Aleksandar VISNJIC] ++ Serbia is Winning - coalition includes SNS, SDPS, PUPS, NS, SPO, PS, PSS, NDSS, SNP ++ Serbian People's Party or SNP [Nenad POPOVIC] ++ Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC] ++ Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ] ++ Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC] ++ Social Democratic Party or SDS [Boris TADIC] ++ Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC] ++ Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC] ++ Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC] ++ Together for Serbia or ZZS [Dusan PETROVIC] ++ Together for Sumadija [Veroljub STEVANOVIC]", "note": { "text": "as of April 2016, Serbia had 111 registered political parties and citizens' associations" } @@ -538,55 +543,55 @@ "text": "Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains significant in certain areas and many institutional reforms are needed. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. ++ ++ After former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC was ousted in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. Serbia renewed its membership in the IMF in December 2000 and rejoined the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, and others - remain state-owned. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels in May 2008, and with full implementation of the Interim Trade Agreement with the EU in February 2010, gained candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014, Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened. Serbia's negotiations with the WTO are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia's program with the IMF was frozen in early 2012 because the 2012 budget approved by parliament deviated from the program parameters; the arrangement is now void. In late 2014, Serbia and the IMF announced a tentative plan for a precautionary loan worth approximately $1 billion, but the government will be challenged to implement IMF-mandated reforms that will target social spending and the large public sector. ++ ++ High unemployment and stagnant household incomes are ongoing political and economic problems. Structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity have largely stalled since the onset of the global financial crisis. Growing budget deficits constrain the use of stimulus efforts to revive the economy and contribute to growing concern of a public debt crisis, given that Serbia's total public debt as a share of GDP more than doubled between 2008 and 2014. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy. During 2014 the SNS party addressed issues with the fiscal deficit, state-owned enterprises, the labor market, construction permits, bankruptcy and privatization, and other areas. ++ ++ Major challenges ahead include: high unemployment rates and the need for job creation; high government expenditures for salaries, pensions, healthcare, and unemployment benefits; a growing need for new government borrowing; rising public and private foreign debt; attracting new foreign direct investment; and getting the IMF program back on track. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include its strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$97.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $96.78 billion (2014 est.) ++ $98.59 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$101.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $98.98 billion (2015 est.) ++ $98.26 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$36.51 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$37.76 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2015 est.) ++ -1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 2.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.7% (2015 est.) ++ -1.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$13,700 (2015 est.) ++ $13,600 (2014 est.) ++ $13,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$14,200 (2016 est.) ++ $13,900 (2015 est.) ++ $13,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 13% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "81.4%" + "text": "80.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.4%" + "text": "11%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "18.1%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.1%" + "text": "-3.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "47.7%" + "text": "48.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-57.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-55.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "9.5%" + "text": "9.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "41.9%" + "text": "42.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "48.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "47.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -596,10 +601,10 @@ "text": "automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.9 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.91 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -613,7 +618,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "19.3% (2015 est.) ++ 19.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "18.9% (2016 est.) ++ 19.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.2% (2013 est.)" @@ -623,53 +628,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$15.58 billion" + "text": "$16.2 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$16.95 billion" + "text": "$17.08 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "this is the consolidated budget, including both central government and local goverment budgets (2015 est.)" + "text": "this is the consolidated budget, including both central government and local goverment budgets (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "77% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 70.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "78.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 77% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued or owned by government entities other than the treasury (for which the Government of Singapore issued guarantees); the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities (for which the GOS also issued guarantees), as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued or owned by government entities other than the treasury (for which the Government of Singapore issued guarantees); the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data i" } }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9.5% (18 March 2014) ++ 11.75% (6 February 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.81% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.535 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.332 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.21 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.535 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$18.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$19.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $20.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$7.696 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $7.451 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.765 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.632 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.596 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.751 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$12.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.14 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.85 billion (2016 est.) ++ $12.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "iron and steel, rubber, clothes, wheat, fruit and vegetables, nonferrous metals, electric appliances, metal products, weapons and ammunition, automobiles" @@ -678,7 +683,7 @@ "text": "Italy 16.2%, Germany 12.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.7%, Romania 5.6%, Russia 5.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$17.03 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.58 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.37 billion (2016 est.) ++ $17.03 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials" @@ -687,27 +692,22 @@ "text": "Germany 12.4%, Italy 10.6%, Russia 9.6%, China 8.5%, Hungary 4.8%, Poland 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$11.35 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.35 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$32.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $32.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$36.67 billion (31 December 2009 est.) ++ $11.95 billion (2006 est.)" + "text": "$39.34 billion (31 December 2009 est.) ++ $11.95 billion (2006 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar - ++ 108.811 (2015 est.) ++ 88.405 (2014 est.) ++ 88.405 (2013 est.) ++ 87.99 (2012 est.) ++ 72.455 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar - ++ 112.4 (2016 est.) ++ 108.811 (2015 est.) ++ 108.811 (2014 est.) ++ 88.405 (2013 est.) ++ 87.99 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "34.4 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ "text": "2,700 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "670,317 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016)" + "text": "670,493 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (2015 - November 2016)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 06e78abc..41dd61e2 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -376,7 +376,12 @@ "text": "Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991; amended 2003 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one-fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least one-half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system" @@ -420,13 +425,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (176 seats; 137 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 39 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (412 seats; 315 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 97 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (136 seats; members serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members serve 4-year terms); note - 18 reserved seats for non-Hungarian national minorities and 4 for the Romanian diaspora in the Chamber of Deputies; 2 seats for the Romanian diaspora in the Senate" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 9 December 2012 (next to be held by December 2016); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 December 2012 (next to be held by December 2016); note - in the next election the total number of seats will be reduced to 466 (308 members in the Chamber of Deputies [plus 18 reserved seats for non-Hungarian national minorities; ethnic Hungarians compete for regular seats] and 134 in the Senate; the proposed number of members representing the Romanian diaspora has remained unchanged at 6)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held by December 2020); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held by December 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by alliance/party - USL 60.1%, ARD 16.7%, PP-DD 14.7%, UDMR 5.2%, other 3.3%; seats by alliance/party - USL 122, ARD 24, PP-DD 21, UDMR 9; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by alliance/party - USL 58.6%, ARD 16.5%, PP-DD 14%, UDMR 5.1%, ethnic minorities 2.7%, other 3.1%; seats by alliance/party - USL 273, ARD 56, PP-DD 47, UDMR 18, ethnic minorities 18" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.7%, PNL 20.4%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 6%, PMP 5.7%, other 7.1%; seats by party - PSD 67, PNL 30, USR 13, UDMR 9, ALDE 9, PMP 8; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.5%, PNL 20%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 5.6%, PMP 5.3%, other 8.5%; seats by party - PSD 154, PNL 69, USR 30, UDMR 21, ALDE 20, PMP 18, minorities 18" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -441,7 +446,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] (formerly part of the ARD coalition) ++ Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] ++ Green Party [Remus CERNEA] ++ M10 Party [Monica MACOVEI] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Alina GORGHIU] - merged with former PDL and FC ++ National Union for Romania's Progress or UNPR [interim chairman Neculai ONTANU] - merged with former PP-DD ++ New Republic Party or NR [Alin Ioan BOTA] ++ Popular Movement Party [Traian BASESCU] ++ Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU, Daniel CONSTANTIN] ++ Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] ++ Save Bucharest Union Party or Partidul USB [Nicusor DAN] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Liviu DRAGNEA] ++ Social Liberal Union or USL (coalition of PSD, PC, and UNPR) ++ United Romania Party or PRU [Bogdan DIACONU]" + "text": "Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] (formerly part of the ARD coalition) ++ Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] ++ Green Party [Remus CERNEA] ++ M10 Party [Monica MACOVEI] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Alina GORGHIU] - merged with former PDL and FC ++ National Union for Romania's Progress or UNPR [interim chairman Neculai ONTANU] - merged with former PP-DD ++ New Republic Party or NR [Alin Ioan BOTA] ++ Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU] ++ Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU, Daniel CONSTANTIN] ++ Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] ++ Save Romania Union Party or USR [Nicusor DAN] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Liviu DRAGNEA] ++ Social Liberal Union or USL (coalition of PSD, PC, and UNPR) ++ United Romania Party or PRU [Bogdan DIACONU]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -511,55 +516,55 @@ "text": "Romania, which joined the EU on 1 January 2007, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment. ++ ++ In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, Romania signed a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders, but GDP contracted until 2011. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary standby agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability; no funds were drawn. In September 2013, Romanian authorities and the IMF/EU agreed to a follow-on standby agreement, worth $5.4 billion, to continue with reforms. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. Progress on structural reforms has been uneven, and the economy still is vulnerable to external shocks. ++ ++ Economic growth rebounded in 2013-15, driven by strong industrial exports and excellent agricultural harvests, and the fiscal deficit was reduced substantially. Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2015. Exports remained an engine of economic growth, led by trade with the EU, which accounts for roughly 70% of Romania trade. Domestic demand was a second driver, due to the mid-2015 cut, from 24% to 9%, of the VAT levied upon foodstuffs. In 2015, the government of Romania succeeded in meeting its annual target for the budget deficit, the external deficit remained low, even if it rose due to increasing imports. For the first time since 1989, inflation turned into deflation, allowing for a gradual loosening of monetary policy throughout the period. ++ ++ An aging population, significant tax evasion, insufficient health care, and an aggressive loosening of the fiscal package jeopardize the low fiscal deficit and public debt and are the economy's top vulnerabilities." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$413.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $398.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $387.5 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$441 billion (2016 est.) ++ $420.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $405 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$177.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$186.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.) ++ 3.8% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$20,800 (2015 est.) ++ $20,000 (2014 est.) ++ $19,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$22,300 (2016 est.) ++ $21,100 (2015 est.) ++ $20,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "23% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "67.9%" + "text": "69.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "7%" + "text": "6.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.7%" + "text": "25.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.9%" + "text": "0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "41.1%" + "text": "40.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-41.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-42.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "4.8%" + "text": "3.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "41.3%" + "text": "35.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "53.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "61.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -569,10 +574,10 @@ "text": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "9.159 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "9.133 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -586,7 +591,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.7% (2016 est.) ++ 6.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.4% (2012 est.)" @@ -604,53 +609,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$58.31 billion" + "text": "$56.84 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$60.89 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$62.14 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "38.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 39.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "39.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 38.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" + "text": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding f" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-1.1% (2016 est.) ++ -0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.75% (31 December 2015) ++ 2.75% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6.77% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.47% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.77% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$36.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $36.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$71.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $78.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$64.47 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $68.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$65.93 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $64.47 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$36.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $41.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $42.59 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.95 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$910 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$3.733 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.032 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$54.52 billion (2015 est.) ++ $62.16 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$56.03 billion (2016 est.) ++ $54.52 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, agricultural products and foodstuffs, metals and metal products, chemicals, minerals and fuels, raw materials" @@ -659,7 +664,7 @@ "text": "Germany 19.8%, Italy 12.5%, France 6.8%, Hungary 5.4%, UK 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$63.12 billion (2015 est.) ++ $70.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$66.45 billion (2016 est.) ++ $63.12 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, chemicals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, fuels and minerals, metals and metal products, raw materials" @@ -668,27 +673,22 @@ "text": "Germany 19.8%, Italy 10.9%, Hungary 8%, France 5.6%, Poland 4.9%, China 4.6%, Netherlands 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$38.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$39.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $38.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$102.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $111.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$101.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $102.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$72.21 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $76 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$76.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.21 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$3.618 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.14 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.018 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.618 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "lei (RON) per US dollar - ++ 4.0057 (2015 est.) ++ 3.3492 (2014 est.) ++ 3.3492 (2013 est.) ++ 3.47 (2012 est.) ++ 3.0486 (2011 est.)" + "text": "lei (RON) per US dollar - ++ 4.15 (2016 est.) ++ 4.0057 (2015 est.) ++ 4.0057 (2014 est.) ++ 3.3492 (2013 est.) ++ 3.47 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "62 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a mixture of public and private TV stations; there are 7 public TV stations (2 national, 5 regional) using terrestrial broadcasting and 187 private TV stations (out of which 171 offer local coverage) using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public TV stations using satellite broadcasting and 86 private TV stations using satellite broadcasting; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations, having in total 20 public radio stations by terrestrial broadcasting plus 4 public radio stations by satellite broadcasting; there are 502 operational private radio stations using terrestrial broadcasting and 26 private radio stations using satellite broadcasting (2014)" + "text": "a mixture of public and private TV stations; there are 7 public TV stations (2 national, 5 regional) using terrestrial broadcasting and 187 private TV stations (out of which 171 offer local coverage) using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public TV stati (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ro" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index a1aa8f0c..a7992fb1 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ "text": "27.4% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -370,7 +370,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by legislature 23 December 1991; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage of amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote by Assembly members; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires a simple majority vote if a majority of eligible voters participated; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system" @@ -503,44 +508,44 @@ "text": "With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in 2008-2009 in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced one of the most stable political transitions in Central and Southeastern Europe. ++ ++ In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. However, long-delayed privatizations, particularly within Slovenia’s largely state-owned and increasingly indebted banking sector, have fueled investor concerns since 2012 that the country would need EU-IMF financial assistance. In 2013, the European Commission granted Slovenia permission to begin recapitalizing ailing lenders and transferring their nonperforming assets into a “bad bank” established to restore bank balance sheets. Export-led growth fueled by demand in larger European markets pushed GDP growth to 3.0% in 2014, while stubbornly-high unemployment fell slightly to 12%. ++ ++ Prime Minister CERAR’s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$63.96 billion (2015 est.) ++ $62.17 billion (2014 est.) ++ $60.33 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$66.13 billion (2016 est.) ++ $64.62 billion (2015 est.) ++ $63.15 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$42.77 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$44.12 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.9% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.) ++ -1.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2016 est.) ++ 2.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$31,000 (2015 est.) ++ $30,200 (2014 est.) ++ $29,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$32,000 (2016 est.) ++ $31,300 (2015 est.) ++ $30,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "25.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "26.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.2%" + "text": "51.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.7%" + "text": "18.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.5%" + "text": "19%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "77.6%" + "text": "79.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-68.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-69.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -548,10 +553,10 @@ "text": "2.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "33.5%" + "text": "33.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -561,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "917,400 (2015 est.)" + "text": "918,700 (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -578,7 +583,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "12.3% (2015 est.) ++ 13.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11.6% (2016 est.) ++ 12.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.5% (2012 est.)" @@ -596,29 +601,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$19.29 billion" + "text": "$19.32 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$20.55 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$20.51 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "45.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "43.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "83.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 81% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "81.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 83.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" + "text": "defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding f" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.7% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.) ++ -0.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.3% (10 September 2014) ++ 0.75% (31 December 2013)", @@ -627,28 +632,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.49% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.02% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.49% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$14.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$16.18 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$26.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $25.92 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$29.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $31.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$29.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $29.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$6.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.31 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.783 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$6.035 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.519 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.128 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$3.118 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.464 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.398 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.217 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$26.67 billion (2015 est.) ++ $30.51 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$27.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $26.67 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food" @@ -657,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "Germany 19.1%, Italy 10.6%, Austria 8%, Croatia 6.8%, Slovakia 4.7%, Hungary 4.4%, France 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$25.01 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.94 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.52 billion (2016 est.) ++ $25.01 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food" @@ -666,27 +671,22 @@ "text": "Germany 16.5%, Italy 13.6%, Austria 10.2%, China 5.5%, Croatia 5.1%, Turkey 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$856.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.016 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$851.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $856.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$56.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $55.45 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$51.65 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $51.05 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$14.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.37 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$7.843 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.463 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.093 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.843 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "16 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)" + "text": "public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".si" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 139d2df9..9af719b7 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -289,7 +289,12 @@ "text": "Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974; latter document amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system with Italian civil law influences" @@ -339,10 +344,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)" + "text": "last held on 20 November 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - San Marino Common Good coalition (San Marino Bene Comune) 50.7% (including PDCS 29.5%, PSD 14.3%, AP 6.7%), Entente for the Country coalition (Intesa per Il Paese) 22.3% (including PS 12.1%, UPR 8.4%, USDM 1.7%), Active Citizenry coalition (Cittadinanza Attiva) 16.1% (including SU 9.1%, Civic 10 6.7%), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 6.3%, For San Marino 2.8%, San Marino 3.0 1.8%; seats by party - San Marino Common Good coalition 35 (PDCS 21, PSD 10, AP 4), Entente for the Country coalition 12 (PS 7, UPR 5), Active Citizenry 9 (SU 5, Civic 10 4), Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 4" + "text": "percent of vote by party - San Marino First 39.4% (including PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%), Adesso, sm 31.0% (including Democratic Socialist Left 12.1%, Repubblica Futura 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%), Democracy in Action 22.8% (including RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%); seats by party - San Marino First 25 (PDCS 16, PS 5, PSD 4), Adesso, sm 20 (Democratic Socialist Left 8, Repubblica Futura 6, Civic 10 6), Democracy in Action 15 (including RETE Movement 12, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 3)" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -357,7 +362,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "San Marino Common Good (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI], We Sammarinese or NS [Marco ARZILLI], Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI], Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI]) ++ Entente for the Country (Intesa per il Paese; includes Sammarinese Union of Moderates or USDM; dissolved after 2012 election, Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI], Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI) ++ Active Citizenship (includes Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI], United Left or SU [Gastone PASOLINI])" + "text": "San Marino Common Good (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI], We Sammarinese or NS [Marco ARZILLI], Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI], Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI]) ++ Entente for the Country (Intesa per il Paese; includes Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI], Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI) ++ Active Citizenship (includes Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI], United Left or SU [Gastone PASOLINI])" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "NA" @@ -405,21 +410,21 @@ "text": "San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy. ++ ++ San Marino's economy has been contracting since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the recent global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues have contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government has adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits. ++ ++ The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.982 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.963 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.982 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.023 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.003 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.993 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.566 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.556 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ -1% (2014 est.) ++ -3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.5% (2015 est.) ++ -1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$63,900 (2015 est.) ++ $63,300 (2014 est.) ++ $63,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$65,300 (2016 est.) ++ $64,600 (2015 est.) ++ $64,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { @@ -495,11 +500,11 @@ "text": "$667.7 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$713.1 million (2011 est.)" + "text": "$712.8 million (2011 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + "text": "42.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" @@ -511,7 +516,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "5.92% (31 December 2011 est.) ++ 5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)" @@ -553,14 +558,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 2d8885f4..c5f05776 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -388,7 +388,12 @@ "text": "National Day, 12 October (1492); year when Columbus first set foot in the Americas" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1812; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978; amended 1992, 2007, 2011 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1812; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the government, by the General Courts (the Congress or the Senate), or by the self-governing communities submitted through the government; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by both houses and passage by referendum if required by one-tenth of the members of either house within 15 days of passage; proposals disapproved by both houses are submitted to a joint committee, which submits an agreed upon text for another vote; passage requires two-thirds vote in Congress and simple majority vote in the Senate; amended 1992, 2007, 2011 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system with regional variations" @@ -456,7 +461,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Amaiur [Xabier ERREKONDO] (a separatist political coalition that advocates Basque independence from Spain) ++ Asturias Forum or FAC [Cristina COTO] ++ Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu [Pello URIZAR] (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties) ++ Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] ++ Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriguez] (coalition of five parties) ++ Canarian Nationalist Party or PNC [Juan Manuel GARCIA Ramos] ++ Catalan Agreement of Progress (Entesa Catalonia de Progress) or ECP [Carles BONET i Reves] (Senate coalition of Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA) ++ Change or Cambio-Aldaketa ++ Ciudadamos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA] ++ Democracy and Freedom or DiL [Francesc HOMS Molist] (2015 merger of Cemocratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC, Democrats of Catalonia, Reagrupament) ++ Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA] ++ Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xavier VENCE] ++ Gomera Socialist Group or ASG ++ Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres and Dolors CAMATS] ++ Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] ++ Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey] ++ Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] ++ Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [interim leader Javier FERNANDEZ] ++ Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda BARCINA Angulo] ++ Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez] ++ United Left or IU [Alberto GARZON] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties; ran as Popular Unity or UP in 2015 election) ++ Yes to the Future or Geroa Bai [Uxue BARKOS] (a coalition of four Navarran parties)" + "text": "Amaiur [Xabier ERREKONDO] (a separatist political coalition that advocates Basque independence from Spain) ++ Asturias Forum or FAC [Cristina COTO] ++ Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu [Pello URIZAR] (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties) ++ Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] ++ Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriguez] (coalition of five parties) ++ Canarian Nationalist Party or PNC [Juan Manuel GARCIA Ramos] ++ Catalan Agreement of Progress (Entesa Catalonia de Progress) or ECP [Carles BONET i Reves] (Senate coalition of Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA) ++ Change or Cambio-Aldaketa ++ Ciudadamos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA] ++ Democracy and Freedom or DiL [Francesc HOMS Molist] (2015 merger of Cemocratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC, Democrats of Catalonia, Reagrupament) ++ Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Maria PELEGRIA] ++ Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Ana PONTON Mondelo] ++ Gomera Socialist Group or ASG ++ Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres and Dolors CAMATS] ++ Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] ++ Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey] ++ Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] ++ Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [interim leader Javier FERNANDEZ] ++ Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA] ++ Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Gorka MAEIRO] ++ United Left or IU [Alberto GARZON] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties; ran as Popular Unity or UP in 2015 election) ++ Yes to the Future or Geroa Bai [Koldo MARTINEZ] (a coalition of four Navarran parties)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization) ++ Catholic Church ++ Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT (includes the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO) ++ Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO. ++ Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations or CEOE", @@ -533,44 +538,44 @@ "text": "After experiencing a prolonged recession in the wake of the global financial crisis that began in 2008, in 2014 Spain marked the first full year of positive economic growth in seven years, largely due to increased private consumption. At the onset of the financial crisis, Spain's GDP contracted by 3.7% in 2009, ending a 16-year growth trend, and continued contracting through most of 2013. In 2013, the government successfully shored up struggling banks - exposed to the collapse of Spain's depressed real estate and construction sectors - and in January 2014 completed an EU-funded restructuring and recapitalization program. ++ ++ Until 2014, credit contraction in the private sector, fiscal austerity, and high unemployment weighed on domestic consumption and investment. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to more than 26% in 2013, but labor reforms prompted a modest reduction to 22% in 2015. High unemployment strained Spain's public finances, as spending on social benefits increased while tax revenues fell. Spain’s budget deficit peaked at 11.4% of GDP in 2010, but Spain gradually reduced the deficit to just under 7% of GDP in 2013-14, and 4.7% of GDP in 2015. Public debt has increased substantially – from 60.1% of GDP in 2010 to nearly 101% in 2015. ++ ++ Exports were resilient throughout the economic downturn and helped to bring Spain's current account into surplus in 2013 for the first time since 1986, where it remained in 2014-15. Rising labor productivity and an internal devaluation resulting from moderating labor costs and lower inflation have helped to improve foreign investor interest in the economy and positive FDI flows have been restored. ++ ++ The government's efforts to implement labor, pension, healthcare, tax, and education reforms - aimed at supporting investor sentiment - have become overshadowed by political activity in 2015 in anticipation of the national parliamentary elections in December. The European Commission criticized Spain’s 2016 budget for its easing of austerity measures and its alleged overly optimistic growth and deficit projections. Spain’s borrowing costs are dramatically lower since their peak in mid-2012, and despite the recent uptick in economic activity, inflation has dropped sharply, from 1.5% in 2013 to a negative 0.6% in 2015." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.615 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.565 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.544 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.69 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.64 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.589 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.2 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.252 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.) ++ -1.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.1% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 1.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$34,800 (2015 est.) ++ $33,700 (2014 est.) ++ $33,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$36,500 (2016 est.) ++ $35,300 (2015 est.) ++ $34,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 22.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "57.6%" + "text": "57.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "19%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.4%" + "text": "20.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.3%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "33.1%" + "text": "32.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-29.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -578,10 +583,10 @@ "text": "2.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "22.6%" + "text": "22.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "74.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "75.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -591,10 +596,10 @@ "text": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "22.92 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "22.89 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -604,11 +609,11 @@ "text": "24%" }, "services": { - "text": "71.7% (2009)" + "text": "71.7% (2009 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "22.1% (2015 est.) ++ 24.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "19.7% (2016 est.) ++ 22.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.1% (2012 est.)" @@ -626,26 +631,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$458.8 billion" + "text": "$461.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$519.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$512.9 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "99.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 99.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "99.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 99.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.6% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.) ++ -0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.05% (10 September 2014) ++ 0.25% (13 November 2013)", @@ -654,28 +659,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.74% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.74% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$745 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $716.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "$827.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $745 billion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" + "text": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of" } }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.257 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.369 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.279 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.662 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.135 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.279 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$995.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.031 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.172 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$787.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $992.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.117 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$16.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$24.29 billion (2016 est.) ++ $16.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$277.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $317.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$266.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $277.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods" @@ -684,7 +689,7 @@ "text": "France 15.7%, Germany 11%, Italy 7.4%, UK 7.4%, Portugal 7.1%, US 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$302.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $347 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$287.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $302.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments" @@ -696,24 +701,19 @@ "text": "$53.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $50.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$2.064 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.238 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.094 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $1.963 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$758.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $736.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$781.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $758.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$720.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $673.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$770.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $720.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "264 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations (2008)" + "text": "a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple natio (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".es" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 67cf0c5a..ab7a6e01 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Svalbard Conservative Party; Svalbard Green Party [ Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN]; Svalbard Labor Party [ Chjristin KRISTOFFERSEN]; Svalbard Liberal Party" + "text": "Svalbard Conservative Party [Kjetil FIGENSCHOO]; Svalbard Green Party [Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN]; Svalbard Labor Party [Arid OLSEN]; Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "NA" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - ++ 8.0646 (2015) ++ 5.876 (2013) ++ 5.876 (2013) ++ 5.82 (2012) ++ 5.6065 (2011)" + "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - ++ 8.615 (2016 est.) ++ 8.0646 (2015 est.) ++ 6.3021 (2014 est.) ++ 6.3021 (2013 est.) ++ 5.82 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index da9efe55..3e210f8b 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -353,7 +353,12 @@ "text": "National Day, 6 June (1983); note - from 1916 to 1982 this date was celebrated as Swedish Flag Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 January 1975; amended several times, last in 2014 (Riksdag Act) (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 January 1975" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one-third of its members; amended several times, last in 2014 (changes to the \"Instrument of Government\") (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law" @@ -483,55 +488,55 @@ "text": "Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country’s sovereignty over its welfare system. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. ++ ++ Economic growth slowed in 2013, as a result of continued economic weakness in Sweden’s European trading partners; Sweden’s economy experienced modest growth in 2014-15, with real GDP growth above 2%, but continues to struggle with deflationary pressure." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$473.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $454.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $444.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$498.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $481 billion (2015 est.) ++ $461.7 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$492.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$517.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.6% (2016 est.) ++ 4.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$47,900 (2015 est.) ++ $46,700 (2014 est.) ++ $46,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$49,700 (2016 est.) ++ $48,800 (2015 est.) ++ $47,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "30.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 28.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 29.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "45.2%" + "text": "45%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "26%" + "text": "25.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.2%" + "text": "24.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.3%" + "text": "0.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.1%" + "text": "43.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-40.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-39.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "1.8%" + "text": "1.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "33.8%" + "text": "34.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "64.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -541,10 +546,10 @@ "text": "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.224 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.277 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -558,7 +563,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2015 est.) ++ 7.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.9% (2016 est.) ++ 7.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14% (2011 est.)" @@ -576,29 +581,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$248.5 billion" + "text": "$248.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$248.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$250.2 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "50.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "48% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "43.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 44.7% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "41.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 43.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.) ++ 0% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0% (31 December 2014) ++ 1% (31 December 2013)", @@ -607,25 +612,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "1.96% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.53% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 1.96% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$271 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $258.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$282.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $271 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$326.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $322.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$328.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $323 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$749.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $788.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$747.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $749.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$560.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $470.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $581.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$29.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ $30.58 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.03 billion (2016 est.) ++ $25.86 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$151.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $179.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$147.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $151.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals (2012 est.)" @@ -634,7 +639,7 @@ "text": "Norway 10.3%, Germany 10.3%, US 7.7%, UK 7.2%, Denmark 6.8%, Finland 6.7%, Netherlands 5.2%, Belgium 4.4%, France 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$137.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $160.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$134.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $137.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing" @@ -646,24 +651,19 @@ "text": "$58.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $62.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.01 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.107 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$939.9 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $929.4 billion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$380.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $418.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$390.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $380.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$445 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $481.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$465.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $445 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar - ++ 8.4335 (2015 est.) ++ 6.8612 (2014 est.) ++ 6.8612 (2013 est.) ++ 6.77 (2012 est.) ++ 6.4918 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar - ++ 8.569 (2016 est.) ++ 8.4335 (2015 est.) ++ 8.4335 (2014 est.) ++ 6.8612 (2013 est.) ++ 6.77 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "150 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -759,11 +759,11 @@ "text": "coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 46; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 46; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations with some consolidating into near national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently (2008)" + "text": "publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international bro (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".se" @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "text": "35 (Denmark 4, Estonia 3, Finland 16, Germany 3, Ireland 1, Italy 5, Norway 3)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "189 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 4, Bermuda 14, Canada 2, Cook Islands 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 15, Faroe Islands 11, Finland 1, France 4, Gibraltar 11, Italy 1, Liberia 12, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Netherlands 12, Norway 27, Panama 2, Portugal 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10, Singapore 11, UK 28) (2010)" + "text": "189 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 4, Bermuda 14, Canada 2, Cook Islands 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 15, Faroe Islands 11, Finland 1, France 4, Gibraltar 11, Italy 1, Liberia 12, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Netherlands 12, Norway 27, Panama 2, Portugal 3, Saint Vincent and (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 23e8a831..94b300a3 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ "text": "21% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -351,7 +351,12 @@ "text": "Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291; note - since 1 August 1891 celebrated as Swiss National Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000; amended many times, last in 2016 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one million voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2016 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character" @@ -378,19 +383,19 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Johann N. SCHNEIDER-AMMANN (since 1 January 2016); Vice President Doris LEUTARD (since 1 January 2016; note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate in a 1-year term as federal president (chief of state and head of government)" + "text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Doris LEUTHARD (since 1 January 2017); Vice President Alain BERSET (since 1 January 2017; note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate in a 1-year term as federal president (chief of state and head of government)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Johann N. SCHNEIDER-AMMANN (since 1 January 2016); Vice President Doris LEUTARD (since 1 January 2016)" + "text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Doris LEUTHARD (since 1 January 2017); Vice President Alain BERSET (since 1 January 2017)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected usually from among its members by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 9 December 2015 (next to be held in early December 2016)" + "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 7 December 2016 (next to be held in early December 2017)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Johann N. SCHNEIDER-AMMANN elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 196 of 208; Doris LEUTHARD elected vice president" + "text": "Doris LEUTHARD elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 188 of 207; Alain BERSET elected vice president" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -416,7 +421,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero or PPD, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Christophe DARBELLAY] ++ Conservative Democratic Party (Buergerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz or BDP, Parti Bourgeois Democratique Suisse or PBD, Partito Borghese Democratico Svizzero or PBD, Partido burgais democratica Svizera or PBD) [Martin LANDOLT] ++ Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Philipp MUELLER] ++ Green Liberal Party (Grunliberale or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Martin BAEUMLE] ++ Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Adele THORENS GOUMAZ and Regula RYTZ] ++ Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT] ++ Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Toni BRUNNER] ++ other minor parties" + "text": "Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero or PPD, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Gerhard PFISTER] ++ Conservative Democratic Party (Buergerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz or BDP, Parti Bourgeois Democratique Suisse or PBD, Partito Borghese Democratico Svizzero or PBD, Partido burgais democratica Svizera or PBD) [Martin LANDOLT] ++ Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Petra GOESSI] ++ Green Liberal Party (Grunliberale or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Martin BAEUMLE] ++ Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Regula RYTZ] ++ Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT] ++ Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Albert ROESTI] ++ other minor parties" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "NA" @@ -479,44 +484,44 @@ "text": "Switzerland, a country that espouses neutrality, is a prosperous and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies. ++ ++ The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness, but some trade protectionism remains, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. During this period, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy, as well as to prevent appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy began to recover in 2010. ++ ++ The sovereign debt crises unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries, however, coupled with ongoing economic instability in Russia and other eastern European economies continue to pose a significant risk to the Swiss economy, driving up demand for the Swiss franc by investors seeking a safe-haven currency. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss franc’s peg to the euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of present-day Swiss monetary policy. The independent SNB has upheld its zero interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell below 2% per year from 2011-15. ++ ++ In recent years, Switzerland has responded to increasing pressure from neighboring countries and trading partners to reform its banking secrecy laws, by agreeing to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax evasion. The Swiss government has also renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous countries, including the US, to incorporate OECD standards, and is openly considering the possibility of imposing taxes on bank deposits held by foreigners." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$482.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $478.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $469.4 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$494.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $489.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $485.5 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$664.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$662.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.) ++ 1.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$58,600 (2015 est.) ++ $58,800 (2014 est.) ++ $58,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$59,400 (2016 est.) ++ $59,400 (2015 est.) ++ $59,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "33.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 33.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 35.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "32.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 33.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 32.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "54.5%" + "text": "54%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "11.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "23.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2%" + "text": "-0.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "63.6%" + "text": "63.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-51.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -524,10 +529,10 @@ "text": "0.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "25.7%" + "text": "25.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "73.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "73.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -537,10 +542,10 @@ "text": "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.105 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.173 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -554,7 +559,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "7.6% (2011 est.)" @@ -572,56 +577,56 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$230.9 billion" + "text": "$215.9 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$229.8 billion" + "text": "$213.4 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "includes federal, cantonal, and municipal budgets (2015 est.)" + "text": "includes federal, cantonal, and municipal budgets (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "32.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "34.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.7% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "34.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the GFSM 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options" + "text": "general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Ri" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.) ++ -1.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 0.75% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.68% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 2.69% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.68% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$508.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $514.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$504.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $508.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.347 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.301 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.142 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.138 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.108 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.142 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.079 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $932.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.229 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.519 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.495 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.541 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$75.82 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$61.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $75.82 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$303.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $327.7 billion (2014 est.)", + "text": "$301.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $303.5 billion (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "trade data exclude trade with Switzerland" } @@ -633,7 +638,7 @@ "text": "Germany 14.2%, US 10.6%, Hong Kong 8.7%, India 7.3%, China 6.9%, France 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, UK 4.8% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$247.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $273.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$243.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $247.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles" @@ -645,24 +650,19 @@ "text": "$602.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $545.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.533 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.601 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.664 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $1.663 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.262 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.157 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.359 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.262 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.498 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.426 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.565 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.498 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - ++ 0.9627 (2015 est.) ++ 0.9152 (2014 est.) ++ 0.9152 (2013 est.) ++ 0.94 (2012 est.) ++ 0.8876 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - ++ 0.9992 (2016 est.) ++ 0.9627 (2015 est.) ++ 0.9627 (2014 est.) ++ 0.9152 (2013 est.) ++ 0.94 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "68 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2 in French; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts from stations in Germany, Italy, and France are widely available via multi-channel cable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 18 radio stations that, along with private broadcasters, provide national to local coverage (2009)" + "text": "the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2 in French; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ch" @@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 19, cargo 9, chemical tanker 5, container 4, petroleum tanker 1" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "127 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Cayman Islands 1, France 5, Germany 2, Hong Kong 5, Italy 13, Liberia 25, Luxembourg 1, Malta 20, Marshall Islands 12, NZ 2, Panama 15, Portugal 3, Russia 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 3, Spain 1) (2010)" + "text": "127 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Cayman Islands 1, France 5, Germany 2, Hong Kong 5, Italy 13, Liberia 25, Luxembourg 1, Malta 20, Marshall Islands 12, NZ 2, Panama 15, Portugal 3, Russia 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 3, Spa (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 5f86767a..bb92d195 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "29.8% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "5.8% of GDP (2014)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -406,7 +406,12 @@ "text": "the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice; note - recent additions include the Human Rights Act of 1998, the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, and the House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed as a “bill” for an “Act of Parliament” by the government or by members of the House of Commons or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent); note - recent additions include the Human Rights Act of 1998, the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, and the House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998" @@ -439,7 +444,7 @@ "text": "Prime Minister Theresa MAY (since 13 July 2016)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" + "text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister; Theresea MAY (Conservative) assumed office 13 July 2016" @@ -447,7 +452,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Lords (760 seats - membership not fixed (there are 815 lords eligible for taking part in the work of the House of Lords consisting of 701 life peers, 88 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy - as of October 2015; members appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission) and the House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by first-past-the-post vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Lords (membership not fixed (as of December 2016 there were 809 lords eligible for taking part in the work of the House of Lords consisting of 692 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission) and the House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by first-past-the-post vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)" }, "elections": { "text": "House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held on 8 May 2015 (next to be held by May 2020)" @@ -468,7 +473,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance Party (Northerm Ireland) [David FORD] ++ Conservative and Unionist Party [Theresea MAY] ++ Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Peter ROBINSON; note - expected to be replaced by Arlene FOSTER around 11 January 2016] ++ Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Caroline LUCAS and Jonathan BARTLEY] ++ Labor Party [Jeremy CORBYN] ++ Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Tim FARRON] ++ Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Leanne WOOD] ++ Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON] ++ Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS] ++ Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD] ++ Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Mike NESBITT] ++ UK Independence Party or UKIP [Nigel FARAGE]" + "text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] ++ Conservative and Unionist Party [Theresa MAY] ++ Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Peter ROBINSON; note - expected to be replaced by Arlene FOSTER around 11 January 2016] ++ Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Caroline LUCAS and Jonathan BARTLEY] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Jeremy CORBYN] ++ Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Tim FARRON] ++ Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Leanne WOOD] ++ Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON] ++ Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS] ++ Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD] ++ Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Mike NESBITT] ++ UK Independence Party or UKIP [Paul NUTTALL]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ++ Confederation of British Industry ++ National Farmers' Union ++ Trades Union Congress" @@ -539,68 +544,68 @@ "text": "The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output. ++ ++ In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded Britain's economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the new Conservative majority government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 5.1% of GDP as of mid-2015. London intends to eliminate its deficit by 2020, primarily through additional cuts to public spending and welfare benefits. It has also pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 18% by 2020. ++ ++ In 2012, weak consumer spending and subdued business investment weighed on the economy, however, GDP grew 1.7% in 2013 and 2.8% in 2014, accelerating because of greater consumer spending and a recovering housing market. As of late 2015, the Bank of England is examining when to begin raising interest rates from historically low levels while being cautious not to damage economic growth. While the UK is one of the fastest growing economies in the G7, economists are concerned about the potential negative impact if the UK votes to leave the EU. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its access to the single market and economic observers have warned an exit could jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.679 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.62 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $2.548 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.788 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.737 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.677 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.849 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.65 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 2.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$41,200 (2015 est.) ++ $40,600 (2014 est.) ++ $39,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$42,500 (2016 est.) ++ $42,000 (2015 est.) ++ $41,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "11.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "65%" + "text": "65.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.3%" + "text": "19.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "16.9%" + "text": "17.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.8%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "27.3%" + "text": "28.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-29.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-31.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "0.7%" + "text": "0.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "19.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "80% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "80.2% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish" }, "Industries": { - "text": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods" + "text": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, t" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "33.06 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "33.17 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -614,7 +619,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.1% (2016 est.) ++ 5.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15% (2013 est.)" @@ -632,53 +637,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$1.107 trillion" + "text": "$996.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.232 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.097 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "37.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "89% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 87.9% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "92.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 89% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as in" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "6 April - 5 April" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.5% (31 December 2014) ++ 0.5% (31 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.51% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.45% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.51% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$106.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $106.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$95.88 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $106.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$3.567 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.491 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.669 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.491 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$3.195 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.366 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.704 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.195 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$3.019 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $2.903 trillion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $3.107 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$123.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$152.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$157.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$153.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$436.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $483.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$412.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $436.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco" @@ -687,7 +692,7 @@ "text": "US 14.6%, Germany 10.1%, Switzerland 7%, China 6%, France 5.9%, Netherlands 5.8%, Ireland 5.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$627.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $685.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$581.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $627.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs" @@ -699,24 +704,19 @@ "text": "$129.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $107.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$9.219 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $9.411 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$8.126 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $8.642 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$2.04 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.915 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.069 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.04 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.959 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.146 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.975 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.959 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "British pounds (GBP) per US dollar - ++ 0.6542 (2015 est.) ++ 0.607 (2014 est.) ++ 0.6391 (2013 est.) ++ 0.6324 (2012 est.) ++ 0.624 (2011 est.)" + "text": "British pounds (GBP) per US dollar - ++ 0.7391 (2016 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2015 est.) ++ 0.607 (2014 est.) ++ 0.6391 (2013 est.) ++ 0.6324 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "335 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -812,11 +812,11 @@ "text": "equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers (2015)" + "text": "country code - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at le (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "public service broadcaster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable systems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout the world; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio networks with multiple transmission sites; a large number of commercial radio stations, as well as satellite radio services are available (2008)" + "text": "public service broadcaster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along w (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".uk" @@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ "text": "271 (Australia 1, Bermuda 6, China 7, Denmark 43, France 39, Germany 59, Hong Kong 12, Ireland 1, Italy 3, Japan 5, Netherlands 1, Norway 32, Sweden 28, Taiwan 11, Tanzania 1, UAE 8, US 14)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "308 (Algeria 15, Antigua and Barbuda 1, Argentina 2, Australia 5, Bahamas 18, Barbados 6, Belgium 2, Belize 4, Bermuda 14, Bolivia 1, Brunei 2, Cabo Verde 1, Cambodia 1, Cayman Islands 2, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 2, Cyprus 7, Georgia 5, Gibraltar 6, Greece 6, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 33, Indonesia 2, Italy 2, Liberia 22, Liberia 32, Luxembourg 5, Malta 21, Marshall Islands 12, Marshall Islands 3, Moldova 3, Nigeria 2, NZ 1, Panama 37, Panama 5, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 6, Thailand 6, Tonga 1, US 4, unknown 1) (2010)" + "text": "308 (Algeria 15, Antigua and Barbuda 1, Argentina 2, Australia 5, Bahamas 18, Barbados 6, Belgium 2, Belize 4, Bermuda 14, Bolivia 1, Brunei 2, Cabo Verde 1, Cambodia 1, Cayman Islands 2, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 2, Cyprus 7, Georgia 5, Gibraltar 6, Greece 6, (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index c18da59b..832d6ffd 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ "text": "21.7% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "6% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ "text": "Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" }, "etymology": { - "text": "name derives from the Old East Slavic word \"ukraina\" meaning \"borderland or march (militarized border region)\"" + "text": "name derives from the Old East Slavic word \"ukraina\" meaning \"borderland or march (militarized border region)\" and began to be used extensively in the 19th century; originally Ukrainians referred to themselves as Rusyny (Rusyns, Ruthenians, or Ruthenes), an endonym derived from the medieval Rus state (Kyivan Rus)" } }, "Government type": { @@ -396,7 +396,12 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996; amended 2004, 2010, 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by the president of Ukraine or by at least one-third of the Supreme Council members; adoption requires simple majority vote by the Council and at least two-thirds majority vote in its next regular session; adoption of proposals relating to general constitutional principles, elections, and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote by the Council and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on personal rights and freedoms, national independence, and territorial integrity cannot be amended; amended 2004, 2010, 2015 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" @@ -426,7 +431,7 @@ "text": "President Petro POROSHENKO (since 7 June 2014)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Volodymyr HROISMAN (since 14 April 2016); Deputy Prime Minister Vyacheslav KYRYLENKO (since 2 December 2014)" + "text": "Prime Minister Volodymyr HROYSMAN (since 14 April 2016); First Deputy Prime Minister Stepan KUBIV (since 14 April 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada" @@ -464,10 +469,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Batkivshchyna (\"Fatherland\") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] ++ Bloc of Petro Poroshenko – Solidarnist or BPP [Vitali KLYCHKO] (formed from the merger of Solidarnist and UDAR) ++ Narodnyy Front (\"People's Front\") or NF [Arseniy YATSENIUK] ++ Opposition Bloc or OB [Yuriy BOYKO] ++ Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO] ++ Samopomich (\"Self Reliance\") [Andriy SADOVYY] ++ Svoboda (\"Freedom\") [Oleh TYAHNYBOK] ++ Ukrainian Association of Patriots or UKROP [Hennadiy KORBAN] ++ Vidrozhennya (\"Revival\") [Vitaliy KHOMUTYNNIK] (parliamentary group) ++ Volya Naroda (“People's Will”) or VN (parliamentary group)" + "text": "Batkivshchyna (\"Fatherland\") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] ++ Bloc of Petro Poroshenko – Solidarnist or BPP [Vitaliy KLYCHKO] (formed from the merger of Solidarnist and UDAR) ++ Narodnyy Front (\"People's Front\") or NF [Arseniy YATSENIUK] ++ Opposition Bloc or OB [Yuriy BOYKO] ++ Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO] ++ Samopomich (\"Self Reliance\") [Andriy SADOVYY] ++ Svoboda (\"Freedom\") [Oleh TYAHNYBOK] ++ Ukrainian Association of Patriots or UKROP [Ihor KOLOMOYSKYY] ++ Vidrozhennya (\"Revival\") [Vitaliy KHOMUTYNNIK] (parliamentary group) ++ Volya Naroda (“People's Will”) or VN (Yaroslav MOSKALENKO)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Centre UA [Oleh RYBACHUK] ++ Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Oleksandr CHERNENKO] ++ OPORA [Olha AIVAZOVSKA]" + "text": "Centre UA [Oleh RYBACHUK] ++ OPORA Civic Network [Olha AIVAZOVSKA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -529,55 +534,55 @@ "text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment, such as, large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. ++ ++ Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF –encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving the legislative framework. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. ++ ++ Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. In January 2009, after a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cut off to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia that brought gas prices to \"world\" levels. The strict terms of the contracts further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. ++ ++ Ukraine’s oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2014. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, the international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $14-18 billion. Ukraine has made significant progress on reforms designed to make the country a prosperous, democratic, and transparent country. ++ ++ Russia’s occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and on-going aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine’s heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, Ukraine’s economy contracted by 6.8% in 2014 and by an estimated 10.5% in 2015. Ukraine and Russia have engaged in a trade war with sharply reduced trade between the countries by the end of 2015. The EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area finally started up on 1 January 2016, and is expected to help Ukraine integrate its economy with Europe by opening up markets and harmonizing regulations." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$339.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $376.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $403.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$349.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $344.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $382.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$90.52 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$87.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-9.9% (2015 est.) ++ -6.6% (2014 est.) ++ 0% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.) ++ -9.9% (2015 est.) ++ -6.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,500 (2015 est.) ++ $8,300 (2014 est.) ++ $9,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8,200 (2016 est.) ++ $8,100 (2015 est.) ++ $8,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "67.6%" + "text": "69.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "20.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "13.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "2%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "52.8%" + "text": "55.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-54.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-59.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "14.1%" + "text": "14.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "26.4%" + "text": "26.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "60% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.3% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,10 +592,10 @@ "text": "coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-13.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "18.1 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.04 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -604,7 +609,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9.1% (2015 est.) ++ 9.3% (2014 est.)", + "text": "10% (2016 est.) ++ 9.1% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers" } @@ -625,23 +630,23 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$29.85 billion" + "text": "$27.8 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$31.12 billion" + "text": "$30.87 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "this is the planned, consolidated budget (2015 est.)" + "text": "this is the planned, consolidated budget (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "33% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "31.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "79.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 69.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "78.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 79.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)" } @@ -650,7 +655,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "48.7% (2015 est.) ++ 12.1% (2014 est.)", + "text": "13.5% (2016 est.) ++ 48.7% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone" } @@ -659,25 +664,25 @@ "text": "22% (23 December 2015) ++ 7.5% (31 January 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "21.82% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17.72% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "18.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 21.82% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$19.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.62 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$19.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$78.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $113.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$62.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $95.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$60.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $62.77 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$20.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $25.56 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $39.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$260 million (2015 est.) ++ -$5.332 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.315 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$251 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$35.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $50.76 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.97 billion (2016 est.) ++ $35.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs" @@ -686,7 +691,7 @@ "text": "Russia 12.7%, Turkey 7.3%, China 6.3%, Egypt 5.5%, Italy 5.2%, Poland 5.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$38.94 billion (2015 est.) ++ $58.24 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $38.94 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -695,27 +700,22 @@ "text": "Russia 20%, Germany 10.4%, China 10.1%, Belarus 6.5%, Poland 6.2%, Hungary 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$13.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.53 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$119.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $130.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$127.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $119.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$60.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $57.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$65.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $60.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$7.183 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.145 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.983 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.183 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - ++ 21.8447 (2015 est.) ++ 11.8867 (2014 est.) ++ 11.8867 (2013 est.) ++ 7.99 (2012 est.) ++ 7.9676 (2011 est.)" + "text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - ++ 25.26 (2016 est.) ++ 21.8447 (2015 est.) ++ 21.8447 (2014 est.) ++ 11.8867 (2013 est.) ++ 7.99 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "171 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -808,14 +808,14 @@ "text": "Ukraine's telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system" }, "domestic": { - "text": "the country's former sole telephone provider, Ukrtelekom, was successfully privatized 2011 and independent foreign-invested private companies now provide substantial telecommunications services; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market that is now over 135 mobile phones per 100 persons" + "text": "the country's former sole telephone provider, Ukrtelekom, was successfully privatized 2011 and independent foreign-invested private companies now provide substantial telecommunications services; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed," }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2015)" + "text": "country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional internationa (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-controlled nationwide TV broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately owned TV networks provide basic TV coverage; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; Russian television broadcasts have a small audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern and southern regions; the radio broadcast market, a mix of independent and state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)" + "text": "state-controlled nationwide TV broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately owned TV networks provide basic TV coverage; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; Russian television broadcasts have a small audience nationwide, but (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ua" @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ "text": "bulk carrier 3, cargo 98, chemical tanker 1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, specialized tanker 2" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "172 (Belize 6, Cambodia 35, Comoros 10, Cyprus 3, Dominica 1, Georgia 10, Liberia 10, Malta 29, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 14, Mongolia 1, Panama 8, Russia 12, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12, Sierra Leone 5, Slovakia 2, unknown 5) (2010)" + "text": "172 (Belize 6, Cambodia 35, Comoros 10, Cyprus 3, Dominica 1, Georgia 10, Liberia 10, Malta 29, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 14, Mongolia 1, Panama 8, Russia 12, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12, Sierra Leone 5, Slovakia 2, unknown (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 9fb41dc9..7baa80fd 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -181,7 +181,12 @@ "text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "previous 1929, 1963; latest adopted 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State); note - in October 2013, Pope Francis instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisors to reform the administrative apparatus of the Holy See (Roman Curia) to include writing a new constitution (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "previous 1929, 1963; latest adopted 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State); note - in October 2013, Pope Francis instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisors to reform the administrative apparatus of the Holy See (Roman Curia) to include writing a new constitution" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law" @@ -214,7 +219,7 @@ "text": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013)" + "text": "Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013); note - Head of Government of Vatican City is President Cardinal Giuseppe BERTELLO (since 1 October 2011)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope" @@ -228,7 +233,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms); last appointment session 1 June 2013" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -339,7 +344,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)" } }, "Communications": { @@ -355,7 +360,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections (2008)" + "text": "the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcast (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".va" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 87ba04cc..89afbd4b 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its high oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. However, in 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE has essentially avoided the \"Arab Spring\" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East, though in March 2011, political activists and intellectuals signed a petition calling for greater public participation in governance that was widely circulated on the Internet. In an effort to stem potential further unrest, the government announced a multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern emirates and aggressively pursued advocates of political reform." + "text": "The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. However, in 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE essentially avoided the \"Arab Spring\" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East in 2010-11 and in an effort to stem potential unrest, the government announced a multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern emirates and aggressively pursued advocates of political reform. The UAE in recent years has played a vital role in regional affairs. In addition to donating billions of dollars in economic aid to help stabilize Egypt, the UAE is a member of a US-led global coalition to defeat the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and a coalition partner in a Saudi-led military campaign to restore the government of Yemen." } }, "Geography": { @@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "923 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah - are home to nearly 85% of the population" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "frequent sand and dust storms" }, @@ -118,10 +121,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8%", - "note": { - "text": "less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)" - } + "text": "Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu" @@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "11.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah - are home to nearly 85% of the population" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "85.5% of total population (2015)" @@ -498,55 +501,55 @@ "text": "The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to 25%. ++ ++ Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors. ++ ++ The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014. ++ ++ Dependence on oil, a large expatriate workforce, and growing inflation pressures are significant long-term challenges. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to take steps to reduce its social spending, including eliminating fuel subsidies in August 2015, but the UAE has sufficient assets to cover its deficits with money from its sovereign investment funds. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$647.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $623.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $596.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$667.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $652.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $627.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$345.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$375 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.) ++ 4.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$67,600 (2015 est.) ++ $67,000 (2014 est.) ++ $66,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$67,700 (2016 est.) ++ $68,100 (2015 est.) ++ $67,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "33.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 39% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 42.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 38.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "56%" + "text": "61.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "9.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27.4%" + "text": "29.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-3.1%" + "text": "0.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "90%" + "text": "81.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-79% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-82.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "0.8%" + "text": "0.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "46.9%" + "text": "44.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "52.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "54.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -556,12 +559,12 @@ "text": "petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "5.087 million", + "text": "5.242 million", "note": { - "text": "expatriates account for about 85% of the workforce (2015 est.)" + "text": "expatriates account for about 85% of the workforce (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -591,50 +594,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$102.8 billion" + "text": "$90.13 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$116.5 billion" + "text": "$113 billion" }, "note": { - "text": "the UAE federal budget does not account for emirate-level spending in Abu Dhabi and Dubai (2015 est.)" + "text": "the UAE federal budget does not account for emirate-level spending in Abu Dhabi and Dubai (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "24% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "51.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 43.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "60.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 51.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 4.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA%" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$124.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $118.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$129.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $124.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$343.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $287.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$337.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $327.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$370.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $331.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$387.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $370.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$67.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $71.33 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $77.08 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$195.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $201.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $180.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$13.55 billion (2015 est.) ++ $54.63 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.244 billion (2016 est.) ++ $12.31 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$333.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $367.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$316 billion (2016 est.) ++ $333.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates (2012 est.)" @@ -643,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "Iran 14.5%, Japan 9.8%, India 9.2%, China 4.7%, Oman 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$243.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $239.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$246.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $243.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food" @@ -652,36 +655,22 @@ "text": "China 15.7%, India 12.8%, US 9.7%, Germany 6.8%, UK 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$93.93 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $78.42 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$84.93 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $93.93 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$204.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $192.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$220.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $204.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$126.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $116.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$132.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $126.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$90.86 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $81.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$94.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $90.86 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar - ++ 3.673 (2015 est.) ++ 3.673 (2014 est.) ++ 3.673 (2013 est.) ++ 3.67 (2012 est.) ++ 3.673 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar - ++ 3.673 (2016 est.) ++ 3.673 (2015 est.) ++ 3.673 (2014 est.) ++ 3.673 (2013 est.) ++ 3.67 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "177,824" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "103 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -777,7 +766,7 @@ "text": "microwave radio relay, fiber-optic and coaxial cable" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 971; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia (2015)" + "text": "country code - 971; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { @@ -881,7 +870,7 @@ "text": "13 (Greece 3, Kuwait 10)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "253 (Bahamas 23, Barbados 1, Belize 3, Cambodia 2, Comoros 8, Cyprus 3, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 5, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 1, India 4, Iran 2, Jordan 2, Liberia 37, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 12, Mexico 1, Netherlands 4, North Korea 2, Panama 83, Papua New Guinea 6, Philippines 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Saudi Arabia 6, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 10, Tanzania 3, Togo 1, UK 8, Vanuatu 1, unknown 8) (2010)" + "text": "253 (Bahamas 23, Barbados 1, Belize 3, Cambodia 2, Comoros 8, Cyprus 3, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 5, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 1, India 4, Iran 2, Jordan 2, Liberia 37, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 12, Mexico 1, Netherlands 4, North Korea 2, Panama 83, Papua New Guinea 6 (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index fced64b1..f5fa7afa 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily ethnic Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous republic within Soviet Azerbaijan after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the territory's status. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. The OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by the US, France, and Russia, is the framework established to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict. ++ Corruption in the country is widespread, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced and infrastructure investment has increased substantially in recent years due to revenue from oil and gas production, reforms have not adequately addressed weaknesses in most government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, as well as the court system." + "text": "Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily ethnic Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous republic within Soviet Azerbaijan after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the territory's status. Armenia and Azerbaijan reignited their dispute over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated militarily after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. The OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by the US, France, and Russia, is the framework established to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict. ++ Corruption in the country is widespread, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum and approved extending presidential terms from 5 to 7 years in 2016, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced and infrastructure investment has increased substantially in recent years due to revenue from oil and gas production, reforms have not adequately addressed weaknesses in most government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, as well as the court system." } }, "Geography": { @@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "14,277 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly evenly distributed population" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "droughts" }, @@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Azerbaijani 91.6%, Lezgian 2%, Russian 1.3%, Armenian 1.3%, Talysh 1.3%, other 2.4%", + "text": "Azerbaijani 91.6%, Lezghin 2%, Russian 1.3%, Armenian 1.3%, Talysh 1.3%, other 2.4%", "note": { "text": "the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region is populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians (2009 est.)" } @@ -175,6 +178,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly evenly distributed population" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "54.6% of total population (2015)" @@ -284,7 +290,7 @@ "text": "4.9% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -421,7 +427,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 9 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 9 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; note - a constitutional amendment approved in a September 2016 referendum will expand presidential terms from 5 to 7 years when it formally takes effect" }, "election results": { "text": "Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 84.5%, Jamil HASANLI (National Council of Democratic Forces) 5.5%, other 10%" @@ -438,7 +444,7 @@ "text": "last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held in November 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 72, CSP 2, Democratic Reforms 1, Social Democratic Party 1, Social Prosperity 1, Unity Party 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, Motherland 1, Civil Unity 1, Great Undertaking Party 1, independent 42" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 72, CSP 2, Democratic Reforms 1, Social Democratic Party 1, Social Prosperity 1, Unity Party 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, Motherland 1, Civil Unity 1, Great Undertaking Party 1, National Renaissance Party 1, independent 41" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -453,10 +459,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI] ++ Civil Unity Party or CUP [Sabir HAJIYEV] ++ Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV] ++ Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE] ++ Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA] ++ Musavat [Arif HAJILI] ++ Popular Front Party [Ali KARIMLI] ++ Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI] ++ Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV] ++ Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI] ++ Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI] ++ Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV] ++ Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]" + "text": "Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI] ++ Civil Unity Party or CUP [Sabir HAJIYEV] ++ Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV] ++ Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE] ++ Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA] ++ Musavat [Arif HAJILI] ++ Popular Front Party [Ali KARIMLI] ++ Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI] ++ National Renaissance Party ++ Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV] ++ Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI] ++ Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI] ++ Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV] ++ Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Club-125 [Ilhamia RZAYEVA] ++ Ireli Youth Movement [MirHasan SEYIDOV] ++ National Council of Democratic Forces [Jamil HASANLI] ++ NIDA Youth Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Zaur GURBANLI] ++ Positive Change Youth Movement [Bakhtiyar HAJIYEV] ++ Republican Alternative or REAL [Ilgar MAMMADOV (in jail)]" + "text": "Club-125 [Ilhamia RZAYEVA] ++ Ireli Youth Movement [MirHasan SEYIDOV] ++ National Council of Democratic Forces [Jamil HASANLI] ++ N!DA Youth Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Zaur GURBANLI] ++ Positive Change Youth Movement [Bakhtiyar HAJIYEV] ++ Republican Alternative or REAL [Ilgar MAMMADOV (in jail)]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" @@ -483,7 +489,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Robert CEKUTA (since 16 February 2015)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "111 Azadlig Prospecti, Baku AZ1007" + "text": "111 Azadlig Prospekti, Baku AZ1007" }, "mailing address": { "text": "American Embassy Baku, US Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050" @@ -518,55 +524,55 @@ "text": "Azerbaijan's high economic growth has been attributable to large and growing oil and gas exports, but some non-export sectors also featured double-digit growth, including construction, banking, and real estate. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The eventual completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another, albeit, smaller source of revenue from gas exports. ++ ++ Azerbaijan has made only limited progress on instituting market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance, while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. ++ ++ Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to negotiate export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to use its energy wealth to promote growth and spur employment in non-energy sectors of the economy." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$169.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $167.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $163 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$167.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $172 billion (2015 est.) ++ $170.1 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.05 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$35.69 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.8% (2014 est.) ++ 5.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,000 (2015 est.) ++ $17,900 (2014 est.) ++ $17,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$17,700 (2016 est.) ++ $18,300 (2015 est.) ++ $18,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 41.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 43.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 36.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "55.8%" + "text": "56.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.5%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "28.6%" + "text": "27.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.1%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "37.8%" + "text": "47.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-34.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-44.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6%" + "text": "6.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "59.1%" + "text": "61.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "34.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "32.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -576,10 +582,10 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.899 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.961 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -593,7 +599,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.4% (2016 est.) ++ 5.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "6% (2012 est.)" @@ -611,26 +617,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$16.74 billion" + "text": "$11.02 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$17.36 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$12.18 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "20.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "31.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "11.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5% (31 December 2012) ++ 5.25% (31 December 2011)", @@ -639,25 +645,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.86% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.19% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.86% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.612 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.36 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.194 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.612 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$24.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $20.95 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.38 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$125 million (2015 est.) ++ $10.43 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$264 million (2016 est.) ++ -$222 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$15.59 billion (2015 est.) ++ $28.26 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.48 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.59 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil and gas 90%, machinery, foodstuffs, cotton" @@ -666,7 +672,7 @@ "text": "Italy 26.3%, Germany 13.3%, Indonesia 7%, France 6.9%, Czech Republic 6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.774 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.332 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.741 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.774 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals" @@ -675,27 +681,22 @@ "text": "Russia 19.9%, Turkey 16.5%, UK 8.6%, Germany 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, US 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.453 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$12.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.65 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$66.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $59.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$72.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $66.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$14.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar - ++ 1.0246 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7844 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7844 (2013 est.) ++ 0.79 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7897 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar - ++ 1.526 (2016 est.) ++ 1.0246 (2015 est.) ++ 1.0246 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7844 (2013 est.) ++ 0.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "23 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -785,7 +786,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "requires considerable expansion and modernization; fixed-line telephone and a broad range of other telecom services are controlled by a state-owned telecommunications monopoly and growth has been stagnant; more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market with four providers in 2009" + "text": "requires considerable expansion and modernization; fixed-line telephone and a broad range of other telecom services are controlled by a state-owned telecommunications monopoly and growth has been stagnant; more competition exists in the mobile-cellular ma" }, "domestic": { "text": "teledensity of 18 fixed lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to 109 telephones per 100 persons; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan (Nakhichevan)" @@ -795,7 +796,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities; local relays of several international broadcasters had been available until late 2008 when their broadcasts were banned from FM frequencies (2010)" + "text": "3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broad (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".az" @@ -911,7 +912,7 @@ "text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2014) ++ 4.7% of GDP (2013) ++ 4.64% of GDP (2012) ++ 4.67% of GDP (2011) ++ 4.64% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2015) ++ 5.1% of GDP (2014) ++ 4.7% of GDP (2013) ++ 4.64% of GDP (2012) ++ 4.67% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 71d35796..624835af 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ "text": "5.3% (2010)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -515,55 +515,55 @@ "text": "Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region. ++ ++ Armenia joined the WTO in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to regain economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from two of its nearest neighbors, Turkey and Azerbaijan. ++ ++ Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to the sharp deterioration in the global economy and the economic downturn in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support and most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector, including electricity and natural gas. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 20% of GDP and partly offset the country's severe trade imbalance. Armenia joined Russia in the Eurasian Economic Union upon the bloc's launch in January 2015, even though the ruble's sharp depreciation in December 2014 led to currency instability, inflation, and a significant decrease in exports from Armenia to Russia." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$25.32 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.58 billion (2014 est.) ++ $23.75 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$26.56 billion (2016 est.) ++ $25.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.97 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.57 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$10.75 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.) ++ 3.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,500 (2015 est.) ++ $8,200 (2014 est.) ++ $8,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8,900 (2016 est.) ++ $8,600 (2015 est.) ++ $8,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 14.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 18.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "77.7%" + "text": "72.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.1%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.8%" + "text": "20%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "2.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "29.8%" + "text": "31.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-42% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-40.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "19.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.7%" + "text": "29.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "51.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -573,10 +573,10 @@ "text": "diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing, brandy, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.56 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.559 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "18.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "32% (2013 est.)" @@ -608,26 +608,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$2.471 billion" + "text": "$2.445 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$2.957 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.969 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "22.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "48.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 43.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "53.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 48.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "10.5% (10 February 2015) ++ 8% (11 January 2012)", @@ -636,28 +636,28 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "17.59% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 16.41% (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "17.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 17.59% (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "average lending rate on loans up to one year" } }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.149 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.118 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.178 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.149 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$2.038 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.723 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.949 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.779 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.022 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.205 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.307 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.022 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$132.1 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $139.6 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $144.8 million (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$335 million (2015 est.) ++ -$849 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$267 million (2016 est.) ++ -$279 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.626 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.698 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.678 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.626 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "pig iron, unwrought copper, nonferrous metals, gold, diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy" @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ "text": "Russia 15.2%, China 11.1%, Germany 9.8%, Iraq 8.8%, Georgia 7.8%, Canada 7.6%, Bulgaria 5.3%, Iran 5.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.78 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.754 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.638 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.78 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, cars" @@ -675,24 +675,19 @@ "text": "Russia 29.1%, China 9.7%, Germany 6.2%, Iran 6.1%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.775 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.489 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.512 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.775 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$8.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.551 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.365 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$4.817 billion (2013)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar - ++ 477.92 (2015 est.) ++ 415.92 (2014 est.) ++ 415.92 (2013 est.) ++ 401.76 (2012 est.) ++ 372.5 (2011 est.)" + "text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar - ++ 492.7 (2016 est.) ++ 477.92 (2015 est.) ++ 477.92 (2014 est.) ++ 415.92 (2013 est.) ++ 401.76 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "7.3 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -782,17 +777,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "telecommunications investments have made major inroads in modernizing and upgrading the outdated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion; mobile-cellular services monopoly terminated in late 2004, and a second and third provider began operations in 2005 and 2009 respectively" + "text": "telecommunications investments have made major inroads in modernizing and upgrading the outdated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion; mobile-cellular services monopo" }, "domestic": { "text": "reliable modern fixed-line and mobile-cellular services are available across Yerevan and in major cities and towns; mobile-cellular coverage available in most rural areas" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2015)" + "text": "country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent Sta (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 public TV networks operating alongside about 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 21 privately owned radio stations; several major international broadcasters are available (2015)" + "text": "2 public TV networks operating alongside about 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Public Radio (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".am" @@ -874,7 +869,7 @@ "text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "4.29% of GDP (2014) ++ 4.1% of GDP (2013) ++ 3.92% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.87% of GDP (2011) ++ 3.92% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "4.24% of GDP (2015) ++ 4.29% of GDP (2014) ++ 4.1% of GDP (2013) ++ 3.92% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.87% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index 59eb7e1e..36172260 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "40 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "periodic droughts; dust storms" }, @@ -172,6 +175,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "12.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "88.8% of total population (2015)" @@ -483,44 +489,44 @@ "text": "Low oil prices have generated a budget deficit of at least a $4 billion deficit in 2015, 13% of GDP. Bahrain has few options for covering this deficit, with meager foreign assets and a constrained borrowing ability, stemming in part from a sovereign debt rating averaging just above “junk” status. ++ ++ Oil comprises 86% of Bahraini budget revenues, despite past efforts to diversify its economy and to build communication and transport facilities for multinational firms with business in the Gulf. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. ++ ++ Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil - finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. ++ ++ In 2011 Bahrain experienced economic setbacks as a result of domestic unrest driven by the majority Shia population, however, the economy recovered in 2012-15, partly as a result of improved tourism. In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain’s regional competitiveness—especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism—and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$64.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $62.82 billion (2014 est.) ++ $60.12 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$66.37 billion (2016 est.) ++ $65 billion (2015 est.) ++ $63.19 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$30.41 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$31.82 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.) ++ 2.9% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$50,100 (2015 est.) ++ $49,500 (2014 est.) ++ $48,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$50,300 (2016 est.) ++ $50,200 (2015 est.) ++ $49,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 32% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "46.7%" + "text": "48.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.2%" + "text": "16.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "17.6%" + "text": "18.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.9%" + "text": "1.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "54.7%" + "text": "47.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-35.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-32.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -528,10 +534,10 @@ "text": "0.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "38.3%" + "text": "33.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "65.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -541,12 +547,12 @@ "text": "petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "786,100", + "text": "809,700", "note": { - "text": "excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2015 est.)" + "text": "excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -579,47 +585,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$5.436 billion" + "text": "$4.37 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$9.464 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$8.781 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-13.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-13.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "66.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 42.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "72% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 58.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.16% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.87% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.16% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$8.762 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.232 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.971 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.762 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.95 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$27.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $26.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$28.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$29.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$22.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $15.65 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$19.25 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.07 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $18.57 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$987 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.523 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.499 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$965 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$14.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $20.75 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.09 billion (2016 est.) ++ $14.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles" @@ -628,7 +634,7 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 3.6%, UAE 2.4%, US 2.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.848 billion (2015 est.) ++ $13.32 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.974 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.848 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, machinery, chemicals" @@ -637,36 +643,22 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 29.1%, US 9.5%, China 7.6%, Japan 6.6%, Australia 5.1%, India 4.9% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$4.657 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.049 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.657 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$19.74 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.88 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.16 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.74 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$17.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.32 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$11.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $11.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - ++ 0.376 (2015 est.) ++ 0.376 (2014 est.) ++ 0.376 (2013 est.) ++ 0.376 (2012 est.) ++ 0.376 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - ++ 0.376 (2016 est.) ++ 0.376 (2015 est.) ++ 0.376 (2014 est.) ++ 0.376 (2013 est.) ++ 0.376 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "41,317" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "26 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -762,11 +754,11 @@ "text": "modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth station - 1 (2015)" + "text": "country code - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite ea (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2007)" + "text": "state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio an (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bh" diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index c44793c7..e6b5a032 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. ++ Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Periodic flare-ups in tension and violence culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of undisputed Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions. ++ Billionaire philanthropist Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government. Georgian Dream's Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI was inaugurated as president on 17 November 2013, ending a tense year of power-sharing between SAAKASHVILI and IVANISHVILI. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and Georgia's legislature on 20 November 2013 confirmed Irakli GARIBASHVILI as his replacement. These changes in leadership represent unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. Popular and government support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals." + "text": "The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. ++ Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Periodic flare-ups in tension and violence culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of undisputed Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions. ++ Billionaire philanthropist Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government. Georgian Dream's Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI was inaugurated as president on 17 November 2013, ending a tense year of power-sharing between SAAKASHVILI and IVANISHVILI. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and Georgia's legislature on 20 November 2013 confirmed Irakli GARIBASHVILI as his replacement. GARIBASHVILI was replaced by Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI in December 2015. KVIRIKASHVILI will remain Prime Minister following Georgian Dream’s success in the October 2016 parliamentary elections, where the party won a constitutional majority. These changes in leadership represent unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. Popular and government support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals." } }, "Geography": { @@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "4,330 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "settlement coincides closely to the central valley, with emphasis on the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "earthquakes" }, @@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidis, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1%", @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "settlement coincides closely to the central valley, with emphasis on the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "53.6% of total population (2015)" @@ -443,28 +449,25 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament or Sakartvelos Parlamenti (150 seats; 77 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote and 73 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 8 October and 30 October 2012 (next to be held in 2020)" + "text": "last held on 8 October and 30 October 2016 (next to be held in 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia 48.7%, ENM 27.1%, Alliance of Patriots 5%, other 19.2%; seats by party - Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia 115, ENM 27, Alliance of Patriots 6, IWSG 1, independent 1" + "text": "percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 48.7%, UNM 27.1%, Alliance of Patriots 5%, other 19.2%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 115, UNM 27, Alliance of Patriots 6, IWSG 1, independent 1" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Supreme Court (organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges); note - the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts" }, - "note": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Parliament; judges serve not less than 10-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president following candidate selection by the Justice Council of Georgia, a 12-member consultative body of high-level judges, and presidential and parliamentary appointees; judges appointed for 10-year terms" - }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts" + "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Parliament; judges serve not less than 10-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president following candidate selection by the Justice Council of Georgia, a 12-member consultative body of high-level judges, and presidential and parliamentary appointees; judges appointed for 10-year terms" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance of Patriots [Irma INASHVILI] ++ Conservative Party [Zviad DZIDZIGURI] ++ European Democrats [Paata DAVITAIA] ++ Free Georgia [Kakha KUKAVA] ++ Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI] ++ Green Party of Georgia [Gia GACHECHILADZE] ++ Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Giorgi TOPADZE] ++ National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA] ++ National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA] ++ New Rights [Pikria CHIKHRADZE] ++ Our Georgia-Free Democrats (OGFD) [Irakli ALASANIA] ++ Republican Party [Khatuna SAMNIDZE] ++ United Democratic Movement [Nino BURJANADZE] ++ United National Movement or ENM [Davit BAKRADZE]" + "text": "Alliance of Patriots [Irma INASHVILI] ++ Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI] ++ Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Giorgi TOPADZE] ++ National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA] ++ Free Democrats (FD) [Tamar KEKENADZE] ++ Republican Party [Khatuna SAMNIDZE] ++ State for the People Party [formerly Paata BURCHULADZE ] ++ United Democratic Movement [Nino BURJANADZE] ++ United National Movement or UNM [Davit BAKRADZE]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -476,7 +479,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Archil GEGESHIDZE (since 12 April 2013)" + "text": "Ambassador Davit BAKRADZE (since November 2016)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" @@ -531,44 +534,44 @@ "text": "Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its energy needs. ++ ++ Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Kars-Akhalkalaki railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit point for gas, oil, and other goods. The expansion of the South Caucasus pipeline, as part of the Shah Deniz II Southern Gas Corridor project, will result in a $2 billion foreign investment in Georgia, the largest ever in the country. Gas from Shah Deniz II is expected to begin flowing in 2019. ++ ++ Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sunk to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in 2010-13, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment has also remained high. ++ ++ The country is pinning its hopes for renewed growth on a determined effort to continue to liberalize the economy by reducing regulation, taxes, and corruption in order to attract foreign investment, with a focus on hydropower, agriculture, tourism, and textiles production. Georgia has historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, improved tax administration, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for its anti-corruption efforts. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending, strengthening anti-trust policy, and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. The government published its 2020 Economic Development Strategy in early 2014 and former Prime Minister Bidzina IVANISHVILI launched the Georgian Co-Investment Fund, a $6 billion private equity fund that will invest in tourism, agriculture, logistics, energy, infrastructure, and manufacturing. In mid-2014, Georgia signed an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$35.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $34.65 billion (2014 est.) ++ $33.12 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$37.38 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36.15 billion (2015 est.) ++ $35.17 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.01 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$14.46 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.) ++ 3.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$9,600 (2015 est.) ++ $9,300 (2014 est.) ++ $8,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$10,100 (2016 est.) ++ $9,700 (2015 est.) ++ $9,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "21.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "71.2%" + "text": "66.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.5%" + "text": "16%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "28.5%" + "text": "26.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.7%" + "text": "3.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45%" + "text": "38.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-64.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-51.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -576,10 +579,10 @@ "text": "9.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "22.1%" + "text": "21.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "68.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "68.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -589,7 +592,7 @@ "text": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "1.959 million (2011 est.)" @@ -606,7 +609,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "12% (2015 est.) ++ 12.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "12.1% (2016 est.) ++ 12% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.2% (2010 est.)" @@ -624,29 +627,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.966 billion" + "text": "$4.266 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.142 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.541 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "29.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "41.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "42.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 41.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intra-governmental debt or social funds" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3.75% (15 January 2013) ++ 5.25% (31 December 2012)", @@ -655,25 +658,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.49% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 11.91% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "12.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.49% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$2.063 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.388 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.165 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.063 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$4.72 billion (31 September 2012 est.) ++ $4.249 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + "text": "$2.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.402 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$6.946 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.51 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.186 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.946 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$943.4 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $795.7 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $1.06 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.627 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.745 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.75 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.641 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.043 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.995 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.926 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.043 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, scrap metal, gold, copper ores" @@ -682,7 +685,7 @@ "text": "Azerbaijan 10.9%, Bulgaria 9.7%, Turkey 8.4%, Armenia 8.2%, Russia 7.4%, China 5.7%, US 4.7%, Uzbekistan 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$7.363 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.29 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.803 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.363 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals" @@ -691,27 +694,22 @@ "text": "Turkey 17.2%, Russia 8.1%, China 7.6%, Azerbaijan 7%, Ireland 5.9%, Ukraine 5.9%, Germany 5.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.521 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.699 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.855 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.521 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$13.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13.91 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.65 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$12.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.68 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.773 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.868 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.933 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.773 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar - ++ 2.2694 (2015 est.) ++ 1.7657 (2014 est.) ++ 1.7657 (2013 est.) ++ 1.65 (2012 est.) ++ 1.6865 (2011 est.)" + "text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar - ++ 2.18 (2016 est.) ++ 2.2694 (2015 est.) ++ 2.2694 (2014 est.) ++ 1.7657 (2013 est.) ++ 1.65 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "10 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -807,11 +805,11 @@ "text": "cellular telephone networks cover the entire country; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 per 100 persons; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 995; the Georgia-Russia fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Russia; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available (2015)" + "text": "country code - 995; the Georgia-Russia fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Russia; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are ava (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "1 public broadcaster in Tbilisi, 1 state-owned broadcaster in Ajaria Autonomous Republic; 8 privately owned TV stations; state-run public broadcaster operates 2 TV stations; dozens of cable TV operators, several major commercial TV stations, and several dozen private radio stations; state-run public broadcaster operates 2 radio stations (2012)" + "text": "1 public broadcaster in Tbilisi, 1 state-owned broadcaster in Ajaria Autonomous Republic; 8 privately owned TV stations; state-run public broadcaster operates 2 TV stations; dozens of cable TV operators, several major commercial TV stations, and several d (2012)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ge" @@ -936,7 +934,7 @@ "text": "18 to 34 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "2.26% of GDP (2014) ++ 2.7% of GDP (2013) ++ 2.88% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.25% of GDP (2011) ++ 2.88% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "2.34% of GDP (2015) ++ 2.26% of GDP (2014) ++ 2.7% of GDP (2013) ++ 2.88% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.25% of GDP (2011)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 9eb16a3c..69cdb777 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., Gaza has been dominated by many different peoples and empires throughout its history; it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. Gaza fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip; it was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo accords signed between 1994 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly-created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the Gaza Strip as well as the West Bank. Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip stalled in 2001, after which the area witnessed a violent intifada or uprising. ++ ++ In early 2003, the \"Quartet\" of the US, EU, UN, and Russia presented a roadmap to a final peace settlement by 2005, calling for two states. Following PA President Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004 and the subsequent election of Mahmud ABBAS (head of the Fatah political faction) as the PA president in 2005, Israel and the Palestinians agreed to move the peace process forward. Israel by late 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, but continues to control the Gaza Strip’s land and maritime borders and airspace. In early 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council election. Attempts to form a unity government between Fatah and HAMAS failed and violent clashes between their respective supporters ensued, culminating in HAMAS's violent seizure of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in June 2007. Since HAMAS’s takeover, Israel and Egypt have enforced tight restrictions on movement and access of goods and individuals into and out of the territory. Fatah and HAMAS have since reached a series of agreements aimed at restoring political unity between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank but have struggled to implement them. In April 2014, the two factions signed an agreement and two months later President ABBAS formed an interim government of independent technocrats, none of whom were affiliated with HAMAS. The factions, however, continue to disagree over how to implement the deal and HAMAS remains in de facto control of the Gaza Strip. ++ ++ In July 2014, HAMAS and other Gaza-based militant groups engaged in a 51-day conflict with Israel — the third conflict since HAMAS’s takeover in 2007 — culminating in late August with an open-ended truce that continues to hold despite the absence of a negotiated cease-fire and occasional violations by both sides. Reconstruction efforts since the end of the conflict have been hampered by Israeli restrictions on goods entering the Gaza Strip and inadequate donor aid. The UN in 2015 published a study assessing that the Gaza Strip could become uninhabitable by 2020 absent a substantial easing on border restrictions. In an attempt to reenergize peace talks between the Israelis and Palestinians, France in June 2016 hosted a ministerial meeting that included participants from 29 countries, although not Israel or the Palestinians, to lay the groundwork for an envisioned \"multilateral peace conference\" later in the year." + "text": "Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., Gaza has been dominated by many different peoples and empires throughout its history; it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. Gaza fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip; it was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo accords signed between 1994 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly-created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the Gaza Strip as well as the West Bank. Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip stalled in 2001, after which the area witnessed a violent intifada or uprising. ++ ++ In early 2003, the \"Quartet\" of the US, EU, UN, and Russia presented a roadmap to a final peace settlement by 2005, calling for two states. Following PA President Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004 and the subsequent election of Mahmud ABBAS (head of the Fatah political faction) as the PA president in 2005, Israel and the Palestinians agreed to move the peace process forward. Israel by late 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, but it continues to control the Gaza Strip’s land and maritime borders and airspace. In early 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council election. Attempts to form a unity government between Fatah and HAMAS failed and violent clashes between their respective supporters ensued, culminating in HAMAS's violent seizure of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in June 2007. Since HAMAS’s takeover, Israel and Egypt have enforced tight restrictions on movement and access of goods and individuals into and out of the territory. Fatah and HAMAS have since reached a series of agreements aimed at restoring political unity between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank but have struggled to implement them. In April 2014, the two factions signed an agreement and two months later President ABBAS formed an interim government of independent technocrats, none of whom were affiliated with HAMAS. The factions have since met periodically for further negotiations, but they continue to disagree over how to implement the deal and HAMAS remains in de facto control of the Gaza Strip. ++ ++ In July 2014, HAMAS and other Gaza-based militant groups engaged in a 51-day conflict with Israel — the third conflict since HAMAS’s takeover in 2007 — culminating in late August with an open-ended truce that continues to hold despite the absence of a negotiated cease-fire and occasional violations by both sides. Reconstruction efforts since the end of the conflict have been hampered by Israeli restrictions on goods entering the Gaza Strip and inadequate donor aid. The UN in 2015 published a study assessing that the Gaza Strip could become uninhabitable by 2020 absent a substantial easing on border restrictions. In an attempt to reenergize peace talks between the Israelis and Palestinians, France in June 2016 hosted a ministerial meeting that included participants from 29 countries, although not Israel or the Palestinians, to lay the groundwork for an envisioned \"multilateral peace conference\" later in the year." } }, "Geography": { @@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "240 sq km; note - includes West Bank (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "population concentrated in major cities, particularly Gaza City in the north" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "droughts" }, @@ -156,6 +159,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "population concentrated in major cities, particularly Gaza City in the north" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "75.3% of total population (2015)" @@ -267,6 +273,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP", + "note": { + "text": "includes West Bank (2015)" + } + }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" @@ -346,7 +358,7 @@ } }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-15.2% (2014 est.) ++ 5.6% (2013 est.) ++ 7% (2012)", + "text": "-15.2% (2014 est.) ++ 5.6% (`) ++ 7% (2012)", "note": { "text": "excludes the West Bank" } @@ -356,31 +368,31 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "93%" + "text": "90%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "26.6%" + "text": "25.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.8%" + "text": "24.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2.6%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "18.3%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-59.2%" + "text": "-56.8%" }, "note": { - "text": "data exclude the West Bank (2015 est.)" + "text": "data exclude the West Bank (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "text": "4.7% ++ 13.7% ++ 81.6%", + "text": "3.3% ++ 21.7% ++ 61.9%", "note": { - "text": "data exclude the West Bank (2014 est.)" + "text": "data exclude the West Bank (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -390,12 +402,12 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, furniture" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% see entry for the West Bank" + "text": "4.5% see entry for the West Bank" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.106 million", + "text": "1.157 million", "note": { - "text": "excludes the West Bank (2015 est.)" + "text": "excludes the West Bank (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -413,7 +425,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "25.9% (2014 est.) ++ 26.2% (2013 est.)", + "text": "26.1% (2016 est.) ++ 25.9% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data exclude the West Bank" } @@ -431,7 +443,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 1.7% (2014 est.)", + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "2.9% excludes the West Bank" } @@ -446,7 +458,7 @@ "text": "$2.356 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.16 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.418 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.147 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.551 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.418 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.894 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$1.412 billion (2013 est.)", @@ -455,7 +467,7 @@ } }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.343 billion (2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.37 billion (2016 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "strawberries, carnations, vegetables, fish (small and irregular shipments, as permitted to transit the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom crossing)" @@ -474,23 +486,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "80,930" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93%" - }, - "note": { - "text": "data for Gaza Strip and West Bank combined (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "51,000 kWh (2011 est.)" }, diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index fe6a4449..df987278 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations became strained when a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostages until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. During the period 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and concerns over possible military dimensions of its nuclear program. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, supported by the Supreme Leader, unelected institutions of authority like the Council of Guardians, and the security services reversed and blocked reform measures while increasing security repression. ++ Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. These protests were quickly suppressed, and the political opposition that arose as a consequence of AHMADI-NEJAD's election was repressed. Deteriorating economic conditions due primarily to government mismanagement and international sanctions prompted at least two major economically based protests in July and October 2012, but Iran's internal security situation remained stable. President AHMADI-NEJAD's independent streak angered regime establishment figures, including the Supreme Leader, leading to conservative opposition to his agenda for the last year of his presidency, and an alienation of his political supporters. In June 2013 Iranians elected a moderate conservative cleric Dr. Hasan Fereidun RUHANI to the presidency. He is a longtime senior member in the regime, but has made promises of reforming society and Iran's foreign policy. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities, and in July 2015 Iran and the five permanent members, plus Germany (P5+1) signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) under which Iran agreed to restrictions on its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief." + "text": "Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations became strained when a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostages until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. During the period 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and concerns over possible military dimensions of its nuclear program. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, supported by the Supreme Leader, unelected institutions of authority like the Council of Guardians, and the security services reversed and blocked reform measures while increasing security repression. ++ Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. These protests were quickly suppressed, and the political opposition that arose as a consequence of AHMADI-NEJAD's election was repressed. Deteriorating economic conditions due primarily to government mismanagement and international sanctions prompted at least two major economically based protests in July and October 2012, but Iran's internal security situation remained stable. President AHMADI-NEJAD's independent streak angered regime establishment figures, including the Supreme Leader, leading to conservative opposition to his agenda for the last year of his presidency, and an alienation of his political supporters. In June 2013 Iranians elected a moderate conservative cleric Dr. Hasan Fereidun RUHANI to the presidency. He is a longtime senior member in the regime, but has made promises of reforming society and Iran's foreign policy. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities, and in July 2015 Iran and the five permanent members, plus Germany (P5+1) signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) under which Iran agreed to restrictions on its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. Iran held elections in 2016 for the Assembly of Experts (AOE) and Majles, resulting in a conservative-controlled AOE and a Majles that many Iranians perceive as more supportive of the RUHANI administration than the previous, conservative-dominated body." } }, "Geography": { @@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "95,530 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much smaller population density" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes" }, @@ -177,6 +180,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much smaller population density" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "73.4% of total population (2015)" @@ -291,7 +297,7 @@ "text": "24.9% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -372,7 +378,7 @@ "text": "31 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan" }, "Independence": { - "text": "1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid (Persian) Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty)" + "text": "1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid (Persian) Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty); 1794 (beginning of Qajar Dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 1 April (1979)" @@ -414,10 +420,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 14 June 2013 (next to be held in June 2017)" + "text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 14 June 2013 (next to be held in May 2017)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Hasan Fereidun RUHANI elected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun RUHANI Moderation and Development Party) 50.7%, Mohammad Baqer QALIBAF (Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran) 16.5%, Saeed JALILI (Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) 11.4%, Mohsen REZAI (Conservative) 10.6%, Ali Akber VELAYATI (Islamic Coalition Party) 6.2%, other 4.6%" + "text": "Hasan Fereidun RUHANI elected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun RUHANI Moderation and Development Party) 50.7%, Mohammad Baqer QALIBAF (Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran) 16.5%, Saeed JALILI (Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) 11.4%, Mohsen REZAI (Conservative) 10.6%, Ali Akber VELAYATI (Islamic Coalition Party) 6.2%, Mohammad Qarazi independent) 1%, other 3.6%" }, "note": { "text": "3 oversight bodies are also considered part of the executive branch of government" @@ -425,13 +431,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; 285 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by two-round vote, and 1 seat each for Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, Armenians in the north of the country, and Armenians in the South; members serve 4-year terms); note - all candidates to the Majles must be approved by the Guardian Council, a 12-member group of which 6 are appointed by the supreme leader and 6 are jurists nominated by the judiciary and elected by the Majles" + "text": "unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; 285 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by two-round vote, and 1 seat each for Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, Armenians in the north of the country, and Armenians in the South; members serve 4-year terms); note - all candidates to the Majles must be approved by the Guardians Council, a 12-member group of which 6 are appointed by the supreme leader and 6 are jurists nominated by the judiciary and elected by the Majles" }, "elections": { - "text": "first round held on 26 February 2016 with second round for 68 remaining seats held on 29 April 2016; (next to be held in 2020)" + "text": "first round held on 26 February 2016 with second round for 68 remaining seats held on 29 April 2016; (next full Majles election to be held in 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - List of Hope 41.7%, Principalists Grand Coalition 28.6%, People's Voice Coalition 3.8%, religious minorities 1.7%, other 1.7%, independent 22.4%,; seats by party - List of Hope 121, Principalists Grand Coalition 83, People's Voice Coalition 11, religious minorities 5, other 5, independent 65" + "text": "percent of vote by coalition - List of Hope 37.2%, Principlists Grand Coalition 25.9%, People's Voice Coalition 4.5%, joint Hope/People’s Voice 4.1%, joint People’s Voice/Principlist 0.3%, religious minorities 1.7%, independent 26.4%; seats by coalition - List of Hope 108, Principlists Grand Coalition 75, People's Voice Coalition 13, joint Hope/People’s Voice 12, joint People’s Voice/Principlist 1, religious minorities 5, independent 76" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -446,10 +452,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "List of Hope or People's Voice Coalition [Ali MOTAHARI] ++ Pervasive Coalition of Reformists: The Second Step [Ali SOUFI, chairman] (includes Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front, National Trust Party, Union of Islamic Iran People Party, Moderation and Development Party, Followers of Walayat [Ali LARIJANI]) ++ Principalists Grand Coalition [Alireza ZAKANI] (includes Combatant Clergy Association and Islamic Coalition Party, Society of Devotees and Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution, Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) ++ Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran [Hssein GHORBANZADEH]" + "text": "Followers of Walayat [Ali LARIJANI] ++ Pervasive Coalition of Reformists: The Second Step [Ali SOUFI, chairman] (includes Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front, National Trust Party, Union of Islamic Iran People Party, Moderation and Development Party ++ Principalists Grand Coalition [Alireza ZAKANI] (includes Combatant Clergy Association and Islamic Coalition Party, Society of Devotees and Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution, Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) ++ Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran [Hssein GHORBANZADEH]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "groups that support the Islamic Republic": { + "other political groups that support the Islamic Republic": { "text": "Ansar-e Hizballah ++ Democracy Party (Hezb-e Mardom Salari) ++ Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran) ++ Followers of the Guardianship of the Jurisprudent (Rahrovan) ++ Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader (Peyrovan) ++ Islamic Iran Freedom Party (Hezb-e Azadegi) ++ Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh) ++ Islamic Labor Party (Hezb-e Kar) ++ Militant Clerics Society or MCS (Ruhaniyun) ++ Moderation and Development Party (Hezb-e Etedal va Tose-eh) ++ Nation of Iran Unity Party (Hezb-e Etehad) ++ National Trust Party (Hezb-e Etemad-e Meli) ++ Qom Theological Lecturers Association ++ Reform Front Coordination Council (Shora-ye Hamahangi Eslahat) ++ Society of Devotees (Isargaran) ++ Society of Modern Thinking Muslim Women of Iran (Jamiat-e Zanan-e Noandish) ++ Steadfastness Front (Paydari) ++ Tehran Militant Clergy Association or MCA (Ruhaniyat) ++ Voice of Iranians (Neda) ++ Wayfarers of the Islamic Revolution (Rahpuyan) ++ " }, "armed political groups repressed by the government": { @@ -488,55 +494,55 @@ "text": "Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including inflation, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth. ++ ++ Private sector activity includes small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services, in addition to medium-scale construction, cement production, mining, and metalworking. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread. ++ ++ Fiscal and monetary constraints, following the expansion of international sanctions in 2012 on Iran's Central Bank and oil exports, significantly reduced Iran's oil revenue, forced government spending cuts, and sparked a sharp currency depreciation. Iran’s economy contracted for the first time in two decades during both 2012 and 2013, but growth resumed in 2014. Iran continues to suffer from high unemployment and underemployment. Lack of job opportunities has prompted many educated Iranian youth to seek employment overseas, resulting in a significant \"brain drain.\" ++ ++ In June 2013, the election of President Hasan RUHANI generated widespread public expectations of economic improvement and greater international engagement. Almost two years into his term, RUHANI has achieved some success, including reining in inflation and, in July of 2015, securing the promise of sanctions relief for Iran by signing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with the P5+1. The JCPOA, which severely limits Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for unfreezing Iranian assets and reopening Iran to international trade, should bolster foreign direct investment, increase trade, and stimulate growth. In spite of RUHANI’s efforts, Iran’s growth was tepid in 2015, and significant economic improvement resulting from sanctions relief will take months or years to materialize." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.371 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.371 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.314 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.459 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.397 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.391 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$387.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$412.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.) ++ -1.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ 0.4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$17,300 (2015 est.) ++ $17,500 (2014 est.) ++ $17,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$18,100 (2016 est.) ++ $17,600 (2015 est.) ++ $17,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "36% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 37.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 40.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "33% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 34.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "52.4%" + "text": "50.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.6%" + "text": "10%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27%" + "text": "27.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "6.6%" + "text": "6.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "23.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-15.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-17.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "9.2%" + "text": "9.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "38.8%" + "text": "39.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "51% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -546,12 +552,12 @@ "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "29.07 million", + "text": "29.75 million", "note": { - "text": "shortage of skilled labor (2015 est.)" + "text": "shortage of skilled labor (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -566,7 +572,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "10.5% (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% (2014 est.)", + "text": "10.7% (2016 est.) ++ 10.5% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are according to the Iranian Government" } @@ -587,20 +593,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$61.95 billion" + "text": "$65.87 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$68.72 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$72.29 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "16% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 10.3% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "11.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "includes publicly guaranteed debt" } @@ -609,7 +615,7 @@ "text": "21 March - 20 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "13.7% (2015 est.) ++ 17.2% (2014 est.)", + "text": "8% (2016 est.) ++ 13.7% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "official Iranian estimate" } @@ -618,25 +624,25 @@ "text": "NA%" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "14.2% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 14.2% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$38.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $42.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$40.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $38.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$282.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $273.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$363.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $307.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$47.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $44.83 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$54.76 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $47.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$172 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $140.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $107.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$89.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $116.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $345.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$1.394 billion (2015 est.) ++ $15.89 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.234 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$64.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $86.47 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$87.52 billion (2016 est.) ++ $64.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets, cement, ore" @@ -645,7 +651,7 @@ "text": "China 22.2%, India 9.9%, Turkey 8.4%, Japan 4.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$52.42 billion (2015 est.) ++ $65.08 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$62.12 billion (2016 est.) ++ $52.42 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services" @@ -654,36 +660,22 @@ "text": "UAE 39.6%, China 22.4%, South Korea 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$110 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $109 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$135.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $110 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.348 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.495 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.116 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.348 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$43.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$46.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $43.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$4.097 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.096 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.656 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.097 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar - ++ 29,011.5 (2015 est.) ++ 25,941.7 (2014 est.) ++ 25,912 (2013 est.) ++ 12,176 (2012 est.) ++ 10,616 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar - ++ 30,462.1 (2016 est.) ++ 29,011.5 (2015 est.) ++ 29,011.5 (2014 est.) ++ 25,912 (2013 est.) ++ 12,176 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98.6%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "95% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "258 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -779,11 +771,11 @@ "text": "heavy investment by Iran's state-owned telecom company has greatly improved and expanded both the fixed-line and mobile cellular networks; a huge percentage of the cell phones in the market have been smuggled into the country" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; satellite earth stations - 13 (9 Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run broadcast media with no private, independent broadcasters; Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the state-run TV broadcaster, operates 5 nationwide channels, a news channel, about 30 provincial channels, and several international channels; about 20 foreign Persian-language TV stations broadcasting on satellite TV are capable of being seen in Iran; satellite dishes are illegal and, while their use had been tolerated, authorities began confiscating satellite dishes following the unrest stemming from the 2009 presidential election; IRIB operates 8 nationwide radio networks, a number of provincial stations, and an external service; most major international broadcasters transmit to Iran (2009)" + "text": "state-run broadcast media with no private, independent broadcasters; Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the state-run TV broadcaster, operates 5 nationwide channels, a news channel, about 30 provincial channels, and several international channe (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ir" diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 30fb4a54..4fa68015 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "2,250 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes" }, @@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "8,174,527 (includes populations of the Golan Heights of Golan Sub-District and also East Jerusalem, which was annexed by Israel after 1967) (July 2016 est.)", "note": { - "text": "approximately 20,500 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights; approximately 211,640 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2014)" + "text": "approximately 21,000 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights (2015); approximately 201,000 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2014)" } }, "Nationality": { @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "92.1% of total population (2015)" @@ -494,44 +500,44 @@ "text": "Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among its leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are covered by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows. ++ ++ Between 2004 and 2013, growth averaged nearly 5% per year, led by exports. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 spurred a brief recession in Israel, but the country entered the crisis with solid fundamentals, following years of prudent fiscal policy and a resilient banking sector. Israel's economy also weathered the 2011 Arab Spring because strong trade ties outside the Middle East have insulated the economy from spillover effects. ++ ++ Slowing domestic and international demand and decreased investment resulting from Israel’s uncertain security situation reduced GDP growth to an average of roughly 2.6% per year during 2014-15. Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds in the last decade. Political and regulatory issues have delayed the development of the massive Leviathan field, but production from Tamar provided a 0.8% boost to Israel's GDP in 2013 and a 0.3% boost in 2014. One of the most carbon intense OECD countries, Israel generates about 57% of its power from coal and only 2.6% from renewable sources. ++ ++ Income inequality and high housing and commodity prices continue to be a concern for many Israelis. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries, and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. Government officials have called for reforms to boost the housing supply and to increase competition in the banking sector to address these public grievances. Despite calls for reforms, the restricted housing supply continues to impact the well-being of younger Israelis seeking to purchase homes. Tariffs and non-tariff barriers, coupled with guaranteed prices and customs tariffs for farmers have kept food prices high through 2015. ++ ++ In the long term, Israel faces structural issues, including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultraorthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only about 8% of the workforce, with the rest mostly employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition. Expenditures on educational institutions remain low compared to most other OECD countries with similar GDP per capita." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$281.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $274.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $268 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$297 billion (2016 est.) ++ $289 billion (2015 est.) ++ $281.9 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$296.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$311.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.6% (2014 est.) ++ 3.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$33,700 (2015 est.) ++ $33,500 (2014 est.) ++ $33,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$34,800 (2016 est.) ++ $34,500 (2015 est.) ++ $34,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "24.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 23.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 23.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "22.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 24.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "55.3%" + "text": "55.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "22.3%" + "text": "22.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "18.6%" + "text": "19.1%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.9%" + "text": "1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "31.2%" + "text": "29.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-28.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-27% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -539,23 +545,23 @@ "text": "2.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27.2%" + "text": "27.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "69.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "69% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products" }, "Industries": { - "text": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear" + "text": "high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, met" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.846 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.927 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -565,11 +571,11 @@ "text": "17.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "81.6% (2015)" + "text": "81.6% (2015 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 5.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.) ++ 5.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22%", @@ -590,50 +596,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$77.22 billion" + "text": "$80.75 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$83.53 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$88.4 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "63.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 65.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "63.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 63.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.6% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.) ++ -0.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.1% (15 December 2015) ++ 0.25% (31 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.46% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.91% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.46% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$63.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$73.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $63.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$246 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $155.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$211.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $201.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$233.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $211.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$183.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $148.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $122.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$243.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $200.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $203.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$12.27 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.54 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.541 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.89 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$56.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $63.76 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$51.61 billion (2016 est.) ++ $56.29 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel" @@ -642,7 +648,7 @@ "text": "US 27.5%, Hong Kong 8%, UK 6.1%, China 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$59.49 billion (2015 est.) ++ $70.36 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$57.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $59.49 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods" @@ -651,27 +657,22 @@ "text": "US 13%, China 9.3%, Switzerland 7.1%, Germany 6.1%, Belgium 5.3%, Italy 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$90.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $86.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$97.22 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $90.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$89.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $96.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$91.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $89.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$104.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $93.28 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$113.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $104.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$89.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $79.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$95.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $89.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - ++ 3.8869 (2015 est.) ++ 3.5779 (2014 est.) ++ 3.5779 (2013 est.) ++ 3.86 (2012 est.) ++ 3.5781 (2011 est.)" + "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - ++ 3.871 (2016 est.) ++ 3.8869 (2015 est.) ++ 3.8869 (2014 est.) ++ 3.5779 (2013 est.) ++ 3.86 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "57 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -771,7 +772,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in Hebrew and the other in Arabic; 5 commercial channels including a channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset proceedings, and a music channel supervised by a public body; multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to foreign channels; IBA broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple stations; about 15 privately owned radio stations; overall more than 100 stations and repeater stations (2008)" + "text": "state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in Hebrew and the other in Arabic; 5 commercial channels including a channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset proceedings (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".il" diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 8fe2bfc7..cf514d1a 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A \"republic\" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US forces remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 and under a bilateral security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security and to train and mentor Iraqi security forces. ++ In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR) in December 2005. The COR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. Nearly nine years after the start of the Second Gulf War in Iraq, US military operations there ended in mid-December 2011. In January 2009 and April 2013, Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all governorates except for the three comprising the Kurdistan Regional Government and Kirkuk Governorate. Iraq held a national legislative election in March 2010 - choosing 325 legislators in an expanded COR - and, after nine months of deadlock the COR approved the new government in December 2010. In April 2014, Iraq held a national legislative election and expanded the COR to 328 legislators. Prime Minister Nuri al-MALIKI dropped his bid for a third term in office, enabling new Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI, a Shia Muslim from Baghdad, to win parliamentary approval of his new cabinet in September 2014. Since early 2015, Iraq has been engaged in a military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to recapture territory lost in the western and northern portion of the country." + "text": "Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A \"republic\" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US forces remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 and under a bilateral security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security and to train and mentor Iraqi security forces. ++ In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR) in December 2005. The COR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. Nearly nine years after the start of the Second Gulf War in Iraq, US military operations there ended in mid-December 2011. In January 2009 and April 2013, Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all governorates except for the three comprising the Kurdistan Regional Government and Kirkuk Governorate. Iraq held a national legislative election in March 2010 - choosing 325 legislators in an expanded COR - and, after nine months of deadlock the COR approved the new government in December 2010. In April 2014, Iraq held a national legislative election and expanded the COR to 328 legislators. Prime Minister Nuri al-MALIKI dropped his bid for a third term in office, enabling new Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI, a Shia Muslim from Baghdad, to win legislative approval of his new cabinet in September 2014. Since 2014, Iraq has been engaged in a military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to recapture territory lost in the western and northern portion of the country." } }, "Geography": { @@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "35,250 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "dust storms; sandstorms; floods" }, @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "69.5% of total population (2015)" @@ -382,7 +388,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Fuad MASUM (since 24 July 2014); Vice Presidents Ayad ALLAWI (since 9 September 2014), Nuri MALIKI (since 9 September 2014), Usama al-NUJAYFI (since 9 September 2014)" + "text": "President Fuad MASUM (since 24 July 2014); Vice Presidents Ayad ALLAWI (since 9 September 2014), Nuri al-MALIKI (since 8 September 2014), Usama al-NUJAYFI (since 8 September 2014)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI (since 8 September 2014)" @@ -405,12 +411,12 @@ "text": "last held on 30 April 2014 (next to be held in 2018)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Council of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by coalition/party – State of Law Coalition 95, Sadrist Movement 34, ISCI/Muwatin 30, KDP 25, United for Reform Coalition/Muttahidun 23, PUK 21, Nationalism Coalition/Wataniyah 19, other Sunni coalitions/parties 15, Al-Arabiyah Coalition 10, Goran 9, other Shia parties/coalitions 9, Fadilah 6, National Reform Trend 6, Iraq Coalition 5, KIU 4, other 17" + "text": "Council of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by coalition/party – State of Law Coalition 95, Ahrar Bloc/Sadrist Trend 34, ISCI/Muwatin 30, KDP 25, United for Reform Coalition/Muttahidun 23, PUK 21, Nationalism Coalition/Wataniyah 19, other Sunni coalitions/parties 15, Al-Arabiyah Coalition 10, Goran 9, other Shia parties/coalitions 9, Fadilah 6, National Reform Trend 6, Iraq Coalition 5, KIU 4, other 17" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government); Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice-presidents, and at least 24 judges)" + "text": "Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government; Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice-presidents, and at least 24 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "Federal Supreme Court and Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Higher Juridical Council, a 25-member committee of judicial officials that manage the judiciary and prosecutors; FSC members appointed for life; Court of Cassation judges appointed for 1-year probationary period and upon satisfactory performance may be confirmed for permanent tenure until retirement nominally at age 63" @@ -436,7 +442,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mohamad Jawad Mahdi Jawad ALQURAISHY (since 1 July 2016)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "3421 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20007" + "text": "3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20007" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 742-1600" @@ -491,25 +497,25 @@ "text": "During 2015, worsening security and financial stability throughout Iraq - driven by an ongoing insurgency, decreasing oil prices, and political upheaval - decreased prospects for improving the country's economic environment and securing much-needed foreign investment. Long-term fiscal health, a strengthened investment climate, and sustained improvements in the overall standard of living still depend on a rebound in global oil prices, the central government passing major policy reforms, and finishing the conflict with ISIL. ++ ++ Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides more than 90% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings. Oil exports in 2015 averaged 3.0 million barrels per day, up from 2014, but a failed revenue- and oil-sharing agreement with the Iraqi Kurdistan Region's (IKR) autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) resulted in a loss of exports from northern oil fields. Moreover, falling global oil prices resulted in declining export revenues. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil exports and revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential. The IKR's autonomous KRG passed its own oil law in 2007, and has directly signed about 50 contracts to develop IKR energy reserves. The federal government has disputed the legal authority of the KRG to conclude most of these contracts, some of which are also in areas with unresolved administrative boundaries in dispute between the federal and regional government. In December 2014, the federal government and the KRG agreed to sell oil exports from Kurdish-controlled oilfields under the federal oil ministry, in exchange for the central government paying $1 billion to the Kurdish Peshmerga forces and resuming budget transfers to the KRG that amount to 17% of Iraq's national budget. However, that deal fell apart in 2015. ++ ++ Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate. The Government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles, including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. Under the Iraqi constitution, some competencies relevant to the overall investment climate are either shared by the federal government and the regions or are devolved entirely to local governments. Investment in the IKR operates within the framework of the Kurdistan Region Investment Law (Law 4 of 2006) and the Kurdistan Board of Investment, which is designed to provide incentives to help economic development in areas under the authority of the KRG. ++ ++ Inflation has remained under control since 2006. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard-pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country despite a bloated public sector. Encouraging private enterprise through deregulation would make it easier for Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Rooting out corruption and implementing reforms - such as restructuring banks and developing the private sector - would be important steps in this direction." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$544.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $531.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $542.9 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$596.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $541 billion (2015 est.) ++ $554.1 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$169.5 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$156.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ -2.1% (2014 est.) ++ 6.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.3% (2016 est.) ++ -2.4% (2015 est.) ++ -0.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,500 (2015 est.) ++ $15,500 (2014 est.) ++ $16,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16,500 (2016 est.) ++ $15,400 (2015 est.) ++ $16,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 11.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 10% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -533,13 +539,13 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.3%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "48.8%" + "text": "45.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "45.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "49.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -549,7 +555,7 @@ "text": "petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "10.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "7% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "8.9 million (2010 est.)" @@ -581,56 +587,56 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$63.6 billion" + "text": "$52.43 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$89.84 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$77.87 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-15.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-16.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6% (December 2012) ++ 6% (December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$55.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $62.34 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$54.53 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $55.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$80.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $78.65 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.773 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $-718,800 (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.191 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.773 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$4 billion (9 December 2011) ++ $2.6 billion (31 July 2010) ++ $2 billion (31 July 2009 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$10.82 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$1.732 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$16.87 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$11.84 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$54.67 billion (2015 est.) ++ $83.98 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.67 billion (2016 est.) ++ $54.67 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "crude oil 84%, crude materials excluding fuels, food, live animals" + "text": "crude oil 99%, crude materials excluding fuels, food, live animals" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 22.6%, India 21.1%, South Korea 11.2%, US 7.8%, Italy 6.7%, Greece 6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$43.84 billion (2015 est.) ++ $45.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$43.27 billion (2016 est.) ++ $43.84 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, medicine, manufactures" @@ -639,30 +645,16 @@ "text": "Turkey 20.7%, Syria 19.6%, China 19.2%, US 4.8%, Russia 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$54.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $66.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $54.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$60.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $58.14 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$68.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $60.28 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar - ++ 1,167.6 (2015 est.) ++ 1,166 (2014 est.) ++ 1,213.72 (2013 est.) ++ 1,166.17 (2012 est.) ++ 1,170 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar - ++ 1,179.3 (2016 est.) ++ 1,167.63 (2015 est.) ++ 1,167.63 (2014 est.) ++ 1,213.72 (2013 est.) ++ 1,166.17 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.6%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "95.4% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "64 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -758,11 +750,11 @@ "text": "the mobile cellular market continues to expand (cell phones were banned prior to 2003 under the SADDAM regime); 3G services offered by three major mobile operators in 2015; ongoing conflict has destroyed infrastructure in areas" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 964; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region, and 1 Arabsat (inoperative)); local microwave radio relay connects border regions to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; international terrestrial fiber-optic connections have been established with Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan, and Iran; links to the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and the Gulf Bridge International (GBI) submarine fiber-optic cables have been established (2015)" + "text": "country code - 964; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region, and 1 Arabsat (inoperative)); local microwave radio relay connects border regions to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Tur (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "the number of private radio and TV stations has increased rapidly since 2003; government-owned TV and radio stations are operated by the publicly funded Iraqi Media Network; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political, ethnic, or religious groups; satellite TV is available to an estimated 70% of viewers and many of the broadcasters are based abroad; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are accessible (2015)" + "text": "the number of private radio and TV stations has increased rapidly since 2003; government-owned TV and radio stations are operated by the publicly funded Iraqi Media Network; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political, ethnic, or religious grou (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".iq" @@ -896,10 +888,10 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,557 (Turkey); 9,250 (West Bank and Gaza Strip); 8,231 (Iran) (2015); 225,455 (Syria) (2016)" + "text": "15,557 (Turkey); 9,250 (West Bank and Gaza Strip); 8,231 (Iran) (2015); 230,836 (Syria) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "4,187,960 (since 2006 due to ethno-sectarian violence; includes 3,233,832 displaced in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2016)" + "text": "4,018,274 (since 2006 due to ethno-sectarian violence; includes 3,064,146 displaced in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2016)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "50,000 (2015); note - in the 1970s and 1980s under SADDAM Husayn's regime, thousands of Iraq's Faili Kurds, followers of Shia Islam, were stripped of their Iraqi citizenship, had their property seized by the government, and many were deported; some Faili Kurds had their citizenship reinstated under the 2006 Iraqi Nationality Law, but others lack the documentation to prove their Iraqi origins; some Palestinian refugees persecuted by the SADDAM regime remain stateless" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 9335578c..34d390e4 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. Britain demarcated a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan from Palestine in the early 1920s. The area gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country's long-time ruler, King HUSSEIN (1953-99), successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population. Jordan lost the West Bank to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. King HUSSEIN in 1988 permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank; in 1994 he signed a peace treaty with Israel. King ABDALLAH II, King HUSSEIN's eldest son, assumed the throne following his father's death in 1999. He implemented modest political and economic reforms, but in the wake of the 2011 \"Arab Revolution\" across the Middle East, Jordanians continue to press for further political liberalization, government reforms, and economic improvements. Jordan held a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2014-15 term." + "text": "Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. Britain demarcated a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan from Palestine in the early 1920s. The area gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country's long-time ruler, King HUSSEIN (1953-99), successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population. Jordan lost the West Bank to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. King HUSSEIN in 1988 permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank; in 1994 he signed a peace treaty with Israel. King ABDALLAH II, King HUSSEIN's eldest son, assumed the throne following his father's death in 1999. He has implemented modest political and economic reforms, including the passage of a new electoral law in early 2016 ahead of legislative elections held in September. The Islamic Action Front, which is the political arm of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, returned to parliament with 15 seats after boycotting the previous two elections in 2010 and 2013." } }, "Geography": { @@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "964 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable, but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "droughts; periodic earthquakes" }, @@ -171,6 +174,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-13.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable, but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "83.7% of total population (2015)" @@ -411,7 +417,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate, or the House of Notables or Majlis al-Ayan (60 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwaab (130 seats; 115 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote and 15 seats for women; 12 of the 115 seats reserved for Christian, Chechen, and Circassian candidates; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate, or the House of Notables or Majlis al-Ayan (65 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwaab (130 seats; 115 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote and 15 seats for women; 12 of the 115 seats reserved for Christian, Chechen, and Circassian candidates; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20 September 2016 (next to be held in 2020)" @@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Ahl al-Himma ++ Al-Bayyan ++ Al-Hayah Jordanian Party [Zahier AMR] ++ Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Akram al-HIMSI] ++ Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party [Fuad DABBOUR] ++ Citizenship ++ Construction ++ Cooperation ++ Dawn ++ Democratic People's Party [Ablah ABU ULBAH] ++ Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id DIAB] ++ Dignity ++ Du'a Party [Muhammed ABU BAKR] ++ Free Voice ++ Islamic Action Front or IAF [Hamzah MANSOUR] ++ Islamic Centrist Party [Muhammad al-HAJ] ++ Jordanian Communist Party [Munir HAMARNAH] ++ Jordanian National Party [Muna ABU BAKR] ++ Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI] ++ Labor and Trade ++ Muslim Center Party [Haitham ALAMAERAH] ++ Nation ++ National Accord Youth Block ++ National Action ++ National Constitution Party [Ahmad al-SHUNAQ] ++ National Current Party [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI] ++ National Movement for Direct Democracy [Muhammad al-QAQ] ++ National Union ++ National Unity ++ Nobel Jerusalem ++ Risalah Party [Hazem QASHOU] ++ Salvation ++ Stronger Jordan ++ The Direct Democratic Nationalists Movement Party [Nash'at KHALIFAH] ++ The Homeland (Hizb Al-Watan) ++ The People ++ Unified Front ++ United Front ++ Voice of the Nation; qtgan" + "text": "Ahl al-Himma ++ Al-Bayyan ++ Al-Hayah Jordanian Party [Zahier AMR] ++ Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Akram al-HIMSI] ++ Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party [Fuad DABBOUR] ++ Citizenship ++ Construction ++ Cooperation ++ Dawn ++ Democratic People's Party [Ablah ABU ULBAH] ++ Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id DIAB] ++ Dignity ++ Du'a Party [Muhammed ABU BAKR] ++ Free Voice ++ Islamic Action Front or IAF [Hamzah MANSOUR] ++ Islamic Centrist Party [Muhammad al-HAJ] ++ Jordanian Communist Party [Munir HAMARNAH] ++ Jordanian National Party [Muna ABU BAKR] ++ Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI] ++ Labor and Trade ++ Muslim Center Party [Haitham ALAMAERAH] ++ Nation ++ National Congress Party [Raheeh GHARAYBEH, general secretary] ++ National Accord Youth Block ++ National Action ++ National Constitution Party [Ahmad al-SHUNAQ] ++ National Current Party [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI] ++ National Movement for Direct Democracy [Muhammad al-QAQ] ++ National Union ++ National Unity ++ Nobel Jerusalem ++ Risalah Party [Hazem QASHOU] ++ Salvation ++ Stronger Jordan ++ The Direct Democratic Nationalists Movement Party [Nash'at KHALIFAH] ++ The Homeland (Hizb Al-Watan) ++ The People ++ Unified Front ++ United Front ++ Voice of the Nation; qtgan" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "15 April Movement [Mohammad SUNEID, chairman] ++ 24 March Movement [Mu'az al-KHAWALIDAH, Abdel Rahman HASANEIN, spokespersons] ++ 1952 Constitution Movement ++ Anti-Normalization Committee [Hamzah MANSOUR, chairman] ++ Economic and Social Association of Retired Servicemen and Veterans or ESARSV [Abdulsalam al-HASSANAT, chairman] ++ Group of 36 ++ Higher Coordination Committee of Opposition Parties [Said DIAB] ++ Higher National Committee for Military Retirees or HNCMR [Ali al-HABASHNEH, chairman] ++ Hirak ++ Jordan Bar Association [Saleh al-ARMUTI, chairman] ++ Jordanian Campaign for Change or Jayin ++ Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood [Dr. Hamam SAID, controller general] ++ Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president] ++ National Front for Reform or NFR [Ahmad OBEIDAT, chairman] ++ Popular Gathering for Reform ++ Professional Associations Council [Abd al-Hadi al-FALAHAT, chairman] ++ Sons of Jordan" @@ -494,44 +500,44 @@ "text": "Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of poverty, unemployment and underemployment, budget and current account deficits, and government debt. ++ ++ King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as expanding foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil contributed to slower growth from 2010 to 2014 - with growth averaging 2.8% per year - and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction, and tourism. Through 2014, Jordan's finances were strained by a series of natural gas pipeline attacks in Egypt, disrupting natural gas exports to Jordan, and led Jordan to rely on more expensive diesel imports, primarily from Saudi Arabia, to generate electricity. ++ ++ To diversify its energy mix, Jordan has secured several contracts for liquefied natural gas and is currently exploring nuclear power generation, exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves and renewable technologies, as well as the import of Israeli offshore gas. In August 2015, Jordan completed a $2.1 billion, three-year IMF Stand-By Arrangement, which the government had entered to help correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances. Jordan plans to expand on its fiscal reform measures enacted over the previous few years with a follow-on IMF agreement in 2016 to boost government revenues, reduce the budget deficit, and manage its burgeoning debt, brought on in part by an influx of over 650,000 Syrian refugees since 2011, which put additional pressure on expenditures." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$82.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $80.71 billion (2014 est.) ++ $78.28 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$86.19 billion (2016 est.) ++ $83.89 billion (2015 est.) ++ $81.93 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$37.62 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$39.45 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.) ++ 2.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.8% (2016 est.) ++ 2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,100 (2015 est.) ++ $12,100 (2014 est.) ++ $12,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,100 (2016 est.) ++ $11,000 (2015 est.) ++ $11,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "15.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 18.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 16.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "10.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 10.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "82%" + "text": "81.1%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "19.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.5%" + "text": "22.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "2.3%" + "text": "3.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "35.6%" + "text": "32.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-62.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-59.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -542,7 +548,7 @@ "text": "29.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "66.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "66.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -552,10 +558,10 @@ "text": "tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.055 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.205 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -569,7 +575,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "13.1% (2015 est.) ++ 11.9% (2014 est.)", + "text": "14.8% (2016 est.) ++ 13.1% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%" } @@ -590,53 +596,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$8.324 billion" + "text": "$8.649 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$10.88 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$11.22 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "85.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 80.8% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "90.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 85.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury, and treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury, and treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-government" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-0.8% (2016 est.) ++ -0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.3% (31 December 2010) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.24% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.84% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.24% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.68 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$43.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $41.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$46.78 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $44.52 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$39.57 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $38.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$41.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $39.57 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $30.86 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$25.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $25.76 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$3.299 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.362 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$3.566 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$3.392 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$7.829 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.385 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.124 billion (2016 est.) ++ $7.829 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "textiles, fertilizers, potash, phosphates, vegetables, pharmaceuticals" @@ -645,7 +651,7 @@ "text": "US 21%, Saudi Arabia 16.5%, Iraq 10.3%, India 8.7%, UAE 4.8%, Kuwait 4.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$18.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $20.35 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.86 billion (2016 est.) ++ $18.04 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, refined petroleum products, machinery, transport equipment, iron, cereals" @@ -654,36 +660,22 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 15.4%, China 12.8%, US 6.2%, Germany 4.7%, UAE 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$16.57 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.18 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.57 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$25.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $24.26 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$26.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$29.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $28.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $29.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$609.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $608.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$629.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $609.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - ++ 0.71 (2015 est.) ++ 0.71 (2014 est.) ++ 0.71 (2013 est.) ++ 0.709 (2012 est.) ++ 0.709 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - ++ 0.71 (2016 est.) ++ 0.71 (2015 est.) ++ 0.71 (2014 est.) ++ 0.71 (2013 est.) ++ 0.709 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "40,926" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.5%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99.4% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "17 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -773,17 +765,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment; microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; growing mobile-cellular usage in both urban and rural areas is reducing use of fixed-line services" + "text": "service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment; microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; growing mobile-cellular usage in both urban and rural areas is reducing use" }, "domestic": { - "text": "1995 telecommunications law opened all non-fixed-line services to private competition; in 2005, monopoly over fixed-line services terminated and the entire telecommunications sector was opened to competition; currently multiple mobile-cellular providers with subscribership up to 170 per 100 persons" + "text": "1995 telecommunications law opened all non-fixed-line services to private competition; in 2005, monopoly over fixed-line services terminated and the entire telecommunications sector was opened to competition; currently multiple mobile-cellular providers w" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 962; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) FEA and FLAG Falcon submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 33 (3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals); fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; participant in Medarabtel (2015)" + "text": "country code - 962; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) FEA and FLAG Falcon submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 33 (3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals); fiber-optic cable to Saudi (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations with JRTV operating the main government-owned station; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".jo" @@ -902,7 +894,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "2,117,361 (Palestinian refugees) (2015); 655,833 (Syria); 59,196 (Iraq) (2016)" + "text": "2,117,361 (Palestinian refugees) (2015); 59,196 (Iraq) (2016); 655,399 (Syria) (2017)" } } } diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 6add7600..5650658e 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Kuwait has been ruled by the AL-SABAH dynasty since the 18th century. The threat of Ottoman invasion in 1899 prompted Amir Mubarak AL-SABAH to seek protection from Britain, ceding foreign and defense responsibility to Britain until 1961, when the country attained its independence. Kuwait was attacked and overrun by Iraq on 2 August 1990. Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led UN coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. Kuwait spent more than $5 billion to repair oil infrastructure damaged during 1990-91. The AL-SABAH family returned to power in 1991 and established one of the most independent legislatures in the Arab World. The country witnessed the historic election in 2009 of four women to its National Assembly. Amid the 2010-11 uprisings and protests across the Arab world, stateless Arabs, known as bidoon, staged small protests in February and March 2011 demanding citizenship, jobs, and other benefits available to Kuwaiti nationals. Youth activist groups - supported by opposition legislators - rallied repeatedly in 2011 for the prime minister's dismissal amid allegations of widespread government corruption, ultimately prompting the prime minister to resign in late 2011. Demonstrations, following a short lull, renewed in late 2012 in response to an Amiri decree amending the electoral law to reduce the number of votes per person from four to one. The opposition, led by a coalition of Sunni Islamists, tribalists, some liberals, and myriad youth groups, largely boycotted legislative elections in 2012 and 2013, which ushered in a legislature more amenable to the government's agenda. Since coming to power in 2006, the Amir has dissolved the National Assembly on five occasions (the Constitutional Court annulled the Assembly in June 2012 and again in June 2013) and shuffled the cabinet over a dozen times, usually citing political stagnation and gridlock between the legislature and the government." + "text": "Kuwait has been ruled by the AL-SABAH dynasty since the 18th century. The threat of Ottoman invasion in 1899 prompted Amir Mubarak AL-SABAH to seek protection from Britain, ceding foreign and defense responsibility to Britain until 1961, when the country attained its independence. Kuwait was attacked and overrun by Iraq on 2 August 1990. Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led UN coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. Kuwait spent more than $5 billion to repair oil infrastructure damaged during 1990-91. The AL-SABAH family returned to power in 1991 and established one of the most independent legislatures in the Arab World. The country witnessed the historic election in 2009 of four women to its National Assembly. Amid the 2010-11 uprisings and protests across the Arab world, stateless Arabs, known as bidoon, staged small protests in early 2011 demanding citizenship, jobs, and other benefits available to Kuwaiti nationals. Youth activist groups' repeated rallies in 2011 for the dismissal of a prime minister seen as being corrupt, ultimately led to his resignation in late 2011. Demonstrations renewed in late 2012 in response to an Amiri decree amending the electoral law. The opposition, led by a coalition of Sunni Islamists, tribalists, some liberals, and myriad youth groups, largely boycotted legislative elections in 2012 and 2013, which ushered in a legislature more amenable to the government's agenda. However, the opposition, expressing strong opposition to the government’s fiscal reforms, participated in the November 2016 National Assembly and won almost half of the positions. Since coming to power in 2006, the Amir has dissolved the National Assembly on seven occasions (the Constitutional Court annulled the Assembly in June 2012 and again in June 2013) and shuffled the cabinet over a dozen times, usually citing political stagnation and gridlock between the legislature and the government." } }, "Geography": { @@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "105 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "densest settlement is along the Persian Gulf, particularly in Kuwait City and on Bubiyan Island; significant population threads extend south and west along highways that radiate from the capital, particularly in the southern half of the country" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year but are most common between March and August" }, @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "densest settlement is along the Persian Gulf, particularly in Kuwait City and on Bubiyan Island; significant population threads extend south and west along highways that radiate from the capital, particularly in the southern half of the country" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "98.3% of total population (2015)" @@ -273,9 +279,6 @@ "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "3% (2014)" }, - "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2006)" - }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" @@ -399,10 +402,10 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (65 seats; 50 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 15 ex-officio members - cabinet ministers - appointed by the prime minister; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held 27 July 2013 (next to be held on 26 November 2016)" + "text": "last held on 26 November 2016 (next to be held in 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "seats won - pro-government 30, liberal 9, Shiite 8, Sunni 3" + "text": "preliminary results - opposition groups including those linked to the Muslim Brotherhood and Salafists won 24 seats, 1 woman, other 25" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -446,7 +449,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Douglas A. SILLIMAN (since 31 August 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador Lawrence R. SILVERMAN (since 19 September 2016)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Bayan 36302, Block 13, Al-Masjed Al-Aqsa Street (near the Bayan palace), Kuwait City" @@ -484,44 +487,44 @@ "text": "Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels - more than 6% of world reserves. Kuwaiti officials plan to increase oil production to 4 million barrels per day by 2020. Petroleum accounts for over half of GDP, 94% of export revenues, and 90% of government income. ++ ++ In 2015, Kuwait, for the first time in 15 years, realized a budget deficit after decades of high oil prices. Kuwaiti authorities have tried to reduce the deficit by decreasing spending on subsidies for the local population, but with limited success. Despite Kuwait’s dependence on oil, the government has cushioned itself against the impact of lower oil prices, by saving annually at least 10% of government revenue in the Fund for Future Generations. ++ ++ Kuwait has failed to diversify its economy or bolster the private sector, because of a poor business climate, a large public sector that crowds out private employment of Kuwaiti nationals, and an acrimonious relationship between the National Assembly and the executive branch that has stymied most economic reforms. The Kuwaiti Government has made little progress on its long-term economic development plan first passed in 2010. While the government planned to spend up to $104 billion over four years to diversify the economy, attract more investment, and boost private sector participation in the economy, many of the projects did not materialize because of an uncertain political situation." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$288.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $285.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $285.7 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$301.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $293.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $290.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$120.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$110.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0% (2014 est.) ++ 1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$70,200 (2015 est.) ++ $71,500 (2014 est.) ++ $73,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$71,300 (2016 est.) ++ $71,500 (2015 est.) ++ $72,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "30.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 49.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 53.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "27.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 50.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "41.3%" + "text": "47.6%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "24.6%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "25%" + "text": "29.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "54.4%" + "text": "47.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-45.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-52.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -529,10 +532,10 @@ "text": "0.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "59.7%" + "text": "59.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "39.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "40% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -542,12 +545,12 @@ "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-1.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "2.473 million", + "text": "2.546 million", "note": { - "text": "non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force (2015 est.)" + "text": "non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -562,7 +565,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -577,50 +580,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$53.07 billion" + "text": "$47.14 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$68.01 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$65.32 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-12.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-16.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "10.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 6.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "23.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 10.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 3% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.3% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.3% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$30.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.98 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $30.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$114.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $116 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$98.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $96.61 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$102.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $98.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$99.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $100.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $119.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$13.89 billion (2015 est.) ++ $53.8 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.939 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.97 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$55.32 billion (2015 est.) ++ $104.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$43.84 billion (2016 est.) ++ $55.32 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "oil and refined products, fertilizers" @@ -629,7 +632,7 @@ "text": "South Korea 14.5%, China 12.1%, India 12.1%, Japan 10.4%, US 7.6%, Pakistan 5.9%, Singapore 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$27.34 billion (2015 est.) ++ $26.99 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$28.32 billion (2016 est.) ++ $27.34 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing" @@ -638,36 +641,22 @@ "text": "China 13.2%, US 9.6%, Saudi Arabia 7.7%, Japan 6.5%, Germany 5.1%, France 4.3%, India 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$28.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$28.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$36.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.26 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$47.89 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $36.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$12.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.87 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$12.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$69.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $64.19 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$73.65 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $69.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar - ++ 0.3009 (2015 est.) ++ 0.2845 (2014 est.) ++ 0.2845 (2013 est.) ++ 0.28 (2012 est.) ++ 0.276 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar - ++ 0.3024 (2016 est.) ++ 0.3009 (2015 est.) ++ 0.3009 (2014 est.) ++ 0.2845 (2013 est.) ++ 0.28 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "56,655" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "61 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -760,14 +749,14 @@ "text": "the quality of service is excellent" }, "domestic": { - "text": "new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a mobile-cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is well-supplied with pay telephones" + "text": "new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a mobile-cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 965; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 6 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Arabsat) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 965; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 6 (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned TV broadcaster operates 4 networks and a satellite channel; several private TV broadcasters have emerged since 2003; satellite TV available with pan-Arab TV stations are especially popular; state-owned Radio Kuwait broadcasts on a number of channels in Arabic and English; first private radio station emerged in 2005; transmissions of at least 2 international radio broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "state-owned TV broadcaster operates 4 networks and a satellite channel; several private TV broadcasters have emerged since 2003; satellite TV available with pan-Arab TV stations are especially popular; state-owned Radio Kuwait broadcasts on a number of ch (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".kw" diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 36edb6e3..581f6ef6 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "1,040 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the majority of the people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, and of these most live in and around the capital, Beirut; favorable growing conditions in the Bekaa Valley, on the southeastern side of the Lebanon Mountains, have attracted farmers and thus the area exhibits a smaller population density" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "dust storms, sandstorms" }, @@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%", "note": { - "text": "many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but rather as descendents of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians" + "text": "many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but rather as descendants of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians" } }, "Languages": { @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the majority of the people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, and of these most live in and around the capital, Beirut; favorable growing conditions in the Bekaa Valley, on the southeastern side of the Lebanon Mountains, have attracted farmers and thus the area exhibits a smaller population density" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "87.8% of total population (2015)" @@ -391,16 +397,16 @@ "text": "President Michel AWN (since 31 October 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Tamam SALAM (since 6 April 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Samir MOQBIL (since 7 July 2011)" + "text": "Prime Minister Saad al-HARIRI (since 18 December 2016); Deputy Prime Minister Ghassan HASBANI (since 18 December 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly by two-thirds majority vote in the first round and if needed absolute majority vote in a second round for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); (next to be held in 2022); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly" + "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in the first round and if needed absolute majority vote in a second round for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); (next to be held in 2022); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "Michel AWN elected president; National Assembly vote in second round - Michel AWN (FPM) 83, Sethrida GEAGEA (LF) 1; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed mostly because the National Assembly lacked a quorum; the president was elected in the 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" + "text": "Michel AWN elected president; National Assembly vote in second round - Michel AWN (FPM) 83; note - in the initial election held on 23 April 2014, no candidate received the required two-thirds vote, and subsequent attempts failed because the National Assembly lacked a quorum to hold a vote; the president was elected in the 46th attempt on 31 October 2016" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -411,7 +417,7 @@ "text": "Lebanon’s Constitution states the National Assembly cannot conduct regular business until it elects a president when the position is vacant" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 June 2009 (next delayed due to a failure to elect a new president)" + "text": "last held on 7 June 2009 (next to be held in May 2017)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by coalition - March 8 Coalition 54.7%, March 14 Coalition 45.3%; seats by coalition - March 14 Coalition 71; March 8 Coalition 57; seats by coalition following 16 July 2012 byelection held to fill one seat - March 14 Coalition 72, March 8 Coalition 56" @@ -430,19 +436,19 @@ }, "Political parties and leaders": { "14 March Coalition": { - "text": " ++ Democratic Left Movement or DLM [Elias ATALLAH] ++ Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad al-HARIRI] ++ Kata'ib Party [Sami GEMAYEL] ++ Lebanese Forces or LF [Samir JA'JA] ++ Marada Movement [Sulayman FRANJIEH] ++ Social Democratic Hunchakian Party [Hagop DIKRANIAN]" + "text": "Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad al-HARIRI] ++ Kata'ib Party [Sami GEMAYEL] ++ Lebanese Forces or LF [Samir JA'JA] ++ Marada Movement [Sulayman FRANJIEH] ++ Social Democrat Hunshaqian Party [Sebouh KELPAKIAN]" }, - "8 March Coalition": { - "text": " ++ Amal Movement [Nabih BERRI] ++ Free Patriotic Movement or FPM [Gibran BASSIL] ++ Lebanese Democratic Party [Emir Talal ARSLAN] ++ Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes Hizballah [Hassan NASRALLAH]) ++ Marada Movement [Sulayman FRANJIEH] ++ Syrian Ba'th Party [Abdel Mouin GHAZI] ++ Syrian Social Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO] ++ " + "Hizballah-led bloc (formerly 8 March Coalition)": { + "text": " ++ Amal Movement [Nabih BERRI] ++ Ba’th Arab Socialist Party of Lebanon [Fayez SHUKR] ++ Free Patriotic Movement or FPM [Gibran BASSIL] ++ Hizballah [Hassan NASRALLAH] ++ Islamic Actions Front [Sheikh Zuhair al-JU’AYD] ++ Marada Movement [Sulayman FRANJIEH] ++ Syrian Social Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO] ++ Tashnag or Armenian Revolutionary Federation [Hagop PAKRADOUNIAN]" }, "Independent": { - "text": "Metn Bloc [Michel MURR] ++ Progressive Socialist Party or PSP [Walid JUNBLATT] ++ Tashnag or ARF [Hagop DHATCHERIAN]" + "text": "Progressive Socialist Party or PSP [Walid JUNBLATT] ++ " } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Maronite Church [Patriarch Bishara al-Ra'i]", + "text": "Grand Mufti of Lebanon [Sheikh Abdul Latif DERIAN] ++ Maronite Church [Patriarch Bishara al-RA'I]", "note": { - "text": "most sects retain militias and a number of militant groups operate in Palestinian refugee camps" + "text": "most sects retain militias and a number of Sunni militant groups operate in Palestinian refugee camps" } }, "International organization participation": { @@ -505,55 +511,55 @@ "text": "Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and weak intellectual property rights. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism. ++ ++ The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily, mostly from domestic banks, which saddled the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007, following the July 2006 war. ++ ++ Spillover from the Syrian conflict, including the influx of more than 1.1 million registered Syrian refugees, has increased internal tension and slowed economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-15, after four years of averaging 8% growth. Syrian refugees have increased the labor supply, but pushed more Lebanese into unemployment. Chronic fiscal deficits have increased Lebanon’s debt-to-GDP ratio, the fourth highest in the world; most of the debt is held internally by Lebanese banks. Weak economic growth limits tax revenues, while the largest government expenditures remain debt servicing, salaries for government workers, and transfers to the electricity sector. These limitations constrain other government spending and limit the government’s ability to invest in necessary infrastructure improvements, such as water, electricity, and transportation." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$83.06 billion (2015 est.) ++ $82.23 billion (2014 est.) ++ $80.62 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$85.16 billion (2016 est.) ++ $84.32 billion (2015 est.) ++ $83.48 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$51.17 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$51.82 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.) ++ 2.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,200 (2015 est.) ++ $18,200 (2014 est.) ++ $18,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$18,500 (2016 est.) ++ $18,500 (2015 est.) ++ $18,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "10.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 3.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ -1.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "89.1%" + "text": "93.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "13.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.6%" + "text": "27.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.5%" + "text": "0.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "22.5%" + "text": "20.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-55.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.6%" + "text": "5.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "24.9%" + "text": "25%" }, "services": { - "text": "69.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "69.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -563,7 +569,7 @@ "text": "banking, tourism, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "1.628 million", @@ -598,53 +604,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$9.576 billion" + "text": "$9.953 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$13.53 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$14.44 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-8.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "147.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 134.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "161.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 147.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" + "text": "data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as in" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-3.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "-1% (2016 est.) ++ -3.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 10% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "7.09% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.27% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "8.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 7.09% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.998 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.506 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.466 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.998 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$52.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $48.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$55.48 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $52.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$97.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $89.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$103.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $97.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$11.22 billion (30 December 2014 est.) ++ $10.54 billion (30 December 2013 est.) ++ $10.42 billion (28 December 2012 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$12.78 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$13.42 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$10.56 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$10.65 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.551 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.108 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.551 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "jewelry, base metals, chemicals, consumer goods, fruit and vegetables, tobacco, construction minerals, electric power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers, paper" @@ -653,7 +659,7 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 12.1%, UAE 10.6%, Iraq 7.6%, Syria 7.1%, South Africa 6.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$16.71 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.16 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.98 billion (2016 est.) ++ $16.71 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -662,10 +668,10 @@ "text": "China 11.5%, Italy 7.1%, Germany 6.8%, France 6%, US 5.7%, Russia 4.6%, Greece 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$48.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $50.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$47.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $48.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$37.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.42 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$40.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $37.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -674,15 +680,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - ++ 1,507.5 (2015 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2014 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2013 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2012 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - ++ 1,507.5 (2016 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2015 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2014 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2013 est.) ++ 1,507.5 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "18 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 53f350c7..08ec6b36 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "The inhabitants of the area of Oman have long prospered on Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, the nascent sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties with Britain. Over time, Oman's dependence on British political and military advisors increased, but it never became a British colony. In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al-Said overthrew his father, and has since ruled as sultan, but he has never designated a successor. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world while preserving the longstanding close ties with the UK and US. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with its neighbors and to avoid external entanglements. Inspired by the popular uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa beginning in January 2011, some Omanis staged demonstrations, calling for more jobs and economic benefits and an end to corruption. In response to those protester demands, QABOOS in 2011 pledged to implement economic and political reforms, such as granting legislative and regulatory powers to the Majlis al-Shura and increasing unemployment benefits. Additionally, in August 2012, the Sultan announced a royal directive mandating the speedy implementation of a national job creation plan for thousands of public and private sector jobs. As part of the government's efforts to decentralize authority and allow greater citizen participation in local governance, Oman successfully conducted its first municipal council elections in December 2012. Announced by the Sultan in 2011, the municipal councils will have the power to advise the Royal Court on the needs of local districts across Oman's 11 governorates. The Sultan returned to Oman in March 2015 after eight months in Germany, where he received medical treatment and has since appeared publicly on a few occasions." + "text": "The inhabitants of the area of Oman have long prospered from Indian Ocean trade. In the late 18th century, the nascent sultanate in Muscat signed the first in a series of friendship treaties with Britain. Over time, Oman's dependence on British political and military advisors increased, although the Sultanate never became a British colony. In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al-Said overthrew his father, and has since ruled as sultan, but he has not designated a successor. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world, while preserving the longstanding close ties with the UK and US. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with its neighbors and to avoid external entanglements. Inspired by the popular uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa beginning in January 2011, some Omanis staged demonstrations, calling for more jobs and economic benefits and an end to corruption. In response to those protester demands, QABOOS in 2011 pledged to implement economic and political reforms, such as granting legislative and regulatory powers to the Majlis al-Shura and increasing unemployment benefits. Additionally, in August 2012, the Sultan announced a royal directive mandating the speedy implementation of a national job creation plan for thousands of public and private sector Omani jobs. As part of the government's efforts to decentralize authority and allow greater citizen participation in local governance, Oman successfully conducted its first municipal council elections in December 2012. Announced by the Sultan in 2011, the municipal councils have the power to advise the Royal Court on the needs of local districts across Oman's 11 governorates. The Sultan returned to Oman in March 2015 after eight months in Germany, where he received medical treatment. He has since appeared publicly on a few occasions." } }, "Geography": { @@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "590 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north of the country; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely poplulated" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts" }, @@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ "text": "Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects" }, "Religions": { - "text": "Muslim (official; majority are Ibadhi, lesser numbers of Sunni and Shia) 85.9%, Christian 6.5%, Hindu 5.5%, Buddhist 0.8%, Jewish <0.1, other 1%, unaffiliated 0.2% (2010 est.)", + "text": "Muslim (official; majority are Ibadhi, lesser numbers of Sunni and Shia) 85.9%, Christian 6.5%, Hindu 5.5%, Buddhist 0.8%, Jewish <0.1%, other 1%, unaffiliated 0.2% (2010 est.)", "note": { "text": "approximately 75% of Omani citizens, who compose almost 70% of the country's total population, are Ibadhi Muslims; the Omani government does not keep statistics on religious affiliation (2013)" } @@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north of the country; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely poplulated" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "77.6% of total population (2015)" @@ -395,7 +401,7 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the Ruling Family Council determines a successor from the sultan's extended family; if the Council cannot form a consensus within 3 days of the sultan's death or incapacitation, the Defense Council will relay a predetermined heir as chosen by the sultan" + "text": "members of the Ruling Family Council determine a successor from the sultan's extended family; if the Council cannot form a consensus within 3 days of the sultan's death or incapacitation, the Defense Council will relay a predetermined heir as chosen by the sultan" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -406,7 +412,7 @@ "text": "Consultative Assembly - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held in October 2019)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - organized political parties in Oman are legally banned" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -421,7 +427,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "political parties are illegal" + "text": "none; note - organized political parties are legally banned in Oman, and loyalties tend to form around tribal affiliations" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "none" @@ -451,7 +457,7 @@ "text": "Jamait Ad Duwal Al Arabiyya Street, Al Khuwair area, Muscat" }, "mailing address": { - "text": "P. O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Al Sultan Qaboos, Muscat" + "text": "P.O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Al Sultan Qaboos, Muscat" }, "telephone": { "text": "[968] 24-643-400" @@ -461,7 +467,7 @@ } }, "Flag description": { - "text": "three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band; white represents peace and prosperity, red recalls battles against foreign invaders, and green symbolizes the Jebel Akhdar (Green Mountains) and fertility" + "text": "three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band; white represents peace and prosperity, red recalls battles against foreign invaders, and green symbolizes the Jebel al Akhdar (Green Mountains) and fertility" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "khanjar dagger superimposed on two crossed swords; national colors: red, white, green" @@ -483,55 +489,55 @@ "text": "Oman is heavily dependent on its dwindling oil resources, which generate 84% of government revenue. In 2015, low global oil prices drove Oman’s budget deficit to $6.5 billion, or nearly 11% of GDP. Oman has limited foreign assets and is issuing debt to cover its deficit. ++ ++ Oman is using enhanced oil recovery techniques to boost production and has actively pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP from 46% at present to 9% by 2020. Tourism and gas-based industries are key components of the government's diversification strategy. ++ ++ Muscat also is focused on creating more jobs to employ the rising number of Omanis entering the workforce. Increases in social welfare benefits, however, particularly since the Arab Spring, dating to 2011, have challenged the government's ability to effectively balance its budget, as oil prices decline. Omani officials intend to reduce social entitlements to cut the deficit but have faced stiff public opposition to spending cuts, hindering their implementation." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$171.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $164.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $159.9 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$173.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $170 billion (2015 est.) ++ $164.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$58.49 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$59.68 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$44,600 (2015 est.) ++ $44,300 (2014 est.) ++ $44,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$43,700 (2016 est.) ++ $44,300 (2015 est.) ++ $44,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "13.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 32.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "9.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 11.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "37.3%" + "text": "41%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "28.7%" + "text": "28.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "33.9%" + "text": "37%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.3%" + "text": "-4.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "53%" + "text": "49.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-51.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-51.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "1.5%" + "text": "1.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "55.1%" + "text": "45.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "47.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "52.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -541,7 +547,7 @@ "text": "crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "968,800", @@ -576,50 +582,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$23.58 billion" + "text": "$20.26 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$35.63 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$31.55 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "34% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-20.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "8.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "18.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 8.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2% (31 December 2010) ++ 0.05% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.76% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 5.08% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.76% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$13.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.24 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$39.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $35.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$40.94 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $39.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$45.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$48.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $45.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$20.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.07 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $20.27 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$41.12 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $37.83 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $36.77 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$7.373 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.699 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$12.71 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$11.23 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$34.43 billion (2015 est.) ++ $53.22 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.39 billion (2016 est.) ++ $34.43 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles" @@ -628,7 +634,7 @@ "text": "China 35.4%, UAE 15.3%, South Korea 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.8%, Pakistan 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$28.27 billion (2015 est.) ++ $27.89 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.78 billion (2016 est.) ++ $28.27 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants" @@ -637,10 +643,10 @@ "text": "UAE 29.7%, Japan 10.2%, US 7.5%, China 6.7%, India 6.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$17.54 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.54 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$12.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -649,24 +655,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar - ++ 0.3845 (2015 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2014 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2013 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2012 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar - ++ 0.3845 (2016 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2015 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2014 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2013 est.) ++ 0.3845 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "28 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -883,7 +875,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "11.8% of GDP (2014) ++ 15% of GDP (2013) ++ 8.61% of GDP (2012) ++ 6.13% of GDP (2011) ++ 8.61% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "12.75% of GDP (2016) ++ 14.58% of GDP (2015) ++ 11.8% of GDP (2014) ++ 15% of GDP (2013) ++ 8.61% of GDP (2012)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index eed5d951..2dc80f2a 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, overthrew the father in a bloodless coup in 1995. In short order, HAMAD oversaw the creation of the pan-Arab satellite news network Al-Jazeera and Qatar's pursuit of a leadership role in mediating regional conflicts. In the 2000s, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. As of 2007, oil and natural gas revenues had enabled Qatar to attain the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar has not experienced domestic unrest or violence like that seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2010-11, due in part to its immense wealth. Since the outbreak of regional unrest, however, Doha has prided itself on its support for many of these popular revolutions, particularly in Libya and Syria. In mid-2013, HAMAD transferred power to his 33 year-old son, the current Amir TAMIM bin Hamad - a peaceful abdication rare in the history of Arab Gulf states. TAMIM has prioritized improving the domestic welfare of Qataris, including establishing advanced healthcare and education systems and expanding the country's infrastructure in anticipation of Doha's hosting of the 2022 World Cup." + "text": "Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar within the last 60 years transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. The continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenue through the mid-1990s by Qatari amirs permanently residing in Europe had stunted Qatar’s economic growth. Former amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, who overthrew his father in a bloodless coup in 1995, ushered in wide-sweeping political and media reforms, unprecedented economic investment, and a growing Qatari regional leadership role, in part through the creation of the pan-Arab satellite news network Al-Jazeera and Qatar's mediation of some regional conflicts. In the 2000s, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and by 2007 had attained the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar did not experience domestic unrest or violence like that seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2010-11, due in part to its immense wealth. Since the outbreak of regional unrest, however, Doha has prided itself on its support for many of these popular revolutions, particularly in Libya and Syria, although to the detriment of Qatar’s relations with Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which temporarily recalled their respective ambassadors from Qatar. In mid-2013, HAMAD transferred power to his 33 year-old son, the current Amir TAMIM bin Hamad - a peaceful abdication rare in the history of Arab Gulf states. TAMIM oversaw a warming of Qatar’s relations with Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE by later in 2014 and prioritized improving the domestic welfare of Qataris, including establishing advanced healthcare and education systems and expanding the country's infrastructure in anticipation of Doha's hosting of the 2022 World Cup." } }, "Geography": { @@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "130 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "most of the population is clustered in or around the capital of Doha on the eastern side of the peninsula" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "haze, dust storms, sandstorms common" }, @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "18.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "most of the population is clustered in or around the capital of Doha on the eastern side of the peninsula" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "99.2% of total population (2015)" @@ -331,7 +337,7 @@ "text": "Qatar" }, "note": { - "text": "closest approximation of the native pronunciation is cutter" + "text": "closest approximation of the native pronunciation is gattar or cottar" }, "etymology": { "text": "the origin of the name is uncertain, but it dates back at least 2,000 years since a term \"Catharrei\" was used to describe the inhabitants of the peninsula by Pliny the Elder (1st century A.D.), and a \"Catara\" peninsula is depicted on a map by Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.)" @@ -352,7 +358,7 @@ } }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "7 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Khawr wa adh Dhakhirah, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Ash Shamal, Az Za'ayin, Umm Salal" + "text": "8 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Khawr wa adh Dhakhirah, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Ash Shamal, Ash Shihaniyah, Az Za'ayin, Umm Salal" }, "Independence": { "text": "3 September 1971 (from the UK)" @@ -436,10 +442,10 @@ "text": "2555 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603" + "text": "[1] (202) 274-1600" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 237-0061" + "text": "[1] (202) 237-0682" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Houston, Los Angeles" @@ -450,7 +456,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador Dana Shell SMITH (since 8 September 2014)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "22 February Road, Al-Luqta District, Doha" + "text": "22 February Road, Al Luqta District, Doha" }, "mailing address": { "text": "P. O. Box 2399, Doha" @@ -473,7 +479,7 @@ }, "National anthem": { "name": { - "text": "\"Al-Salam Al-Amiri\" (The Peace for the Anthem)" + "text": "\"Al-Salam Al-Amiri\" (The Amiri Salute)" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "Sheikh MUBARAK bin Saif al-Thani/Abdul Aziz Nasser OBAIDAN" @@ -488,44 +494,44 @@ "text": "Qatar has prospered in the last several years with continued high real GDP growth, but low oil prices have dampened the outlook. Qatar was the only Gulf Cooperation Council member that avoided a budget deficit in 2015, but it projects a $12.8 billion deficit, 6% of GDP in 2016. ++ ++ GDP is driven largely by the oil and gas sector; however, growth in manufacturing, construction, and financial services have lifted the non-oil sectors to just over half of Qatar’s nominal GDP. Economic policy is focused on sustaining Qatar's non-associated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors, but oil and gas still account for roughly 92% of export earnings, and 56% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar the world's highest per-capita income country and the country with the lowest unemployment. Proved oil reserves in excess of 25 billion barrels should enable continued output at current levels for about 56 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 25 trillion cubic meters, about 13% of the world total and third largest in the world. ++ ++ Qatar's successful 2022 World Cup bid is accelerating large-scale infrastructure projects such as its metro system, light rail system, construction of a new port, roads, stadiums and related sporting infrastructure." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$319.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $309.7 billion (2014 est.) ++ $297.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$334.5 billion (2016 est.) ++ $325.9 billion (2015 est.) ++ $314.4 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$185.4 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$156.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.) ++ 3.7% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$132,100 (2015 est.) ++ $138,600 (2014 est.) ++ $145,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$129,700 (2016 est.) ++ $134,600 (2015 est.) ++ $140,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "47% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 59.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "42.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 47% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "25.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "19.4%" + "text": "22.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "37.2%" + "text": "44.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.5%" + "text": "1.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "55.4%" + "text": "46.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-35.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-41.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -533,10 +539,10 @@ "text": "0.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "55.7%" + "text": "51.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "44.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "48.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -546,13 +552,13 @@ "text": "liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.644 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.691 million (2016 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.) ++ 0.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.) ++ 0.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA%" @@ -567,50 +573,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$57.45 billion" + "text": "$41.71 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$56.44 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$53.95 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "41.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "55.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 41.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.8% (2016 est.) ++ 1.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012) ++ 4.93% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "4.5% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$34.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.14 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$34.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $34.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$155.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$200.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $168.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$218.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $200.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$126.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $125.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $123.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$142.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $185.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $152.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$9.146 billion (2015 est.) ++ $49.66 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.885 billion (2016 est.) ++ $13.75 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$77.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $126.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$64.69 billion (2016 est.) ++ $77.29 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel" @@ -619,7 +625,7 @@ "text": "Japan 25.4%, India 14.6%, China 8.4%, UAE 6.8%, Singapore 5.6%, UK 5.5%, Thailand 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$28.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $31.15 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.76 billion (2016 est.) ++ $28.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals" @@ -628,36 +634,22 @@ "text": "China 11.9%, US 11.3%, UAE 9%, Germany 7.7%, Japan 6.7%, UK 5.9%, Italy 4.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$37.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$36.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $37.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$141.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$159.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $141.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$34.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$35.38 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $34.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$49.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $45.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$52.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.73 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - ++ 3.64 (2015 est.) ++ 3.64 (2014 est.) ++ 3.64 (2013 est.) ++ 3.64 (2012 est.) ++ 3.64 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - ++ 3.64 (2016 est.) ++ 3.64 (2015 est.) ++ 3.64 (2014 est.) ++ 3.64 (2013 est.) ++ 3.64 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "45,165" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "36 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -753,11 +745,11 @@ "text": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 180 telephones per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2015)" + "text": "country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and the US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and the UAE; sa (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jazeera claims editorial independence in broadcasting; local radio transmissions include state, private, and international broadcasters on FM frequencies in Doha; in August 2013, Qatar's satellite company Es'hailSat launched its first communications satellite Es'hail 1 (manufactured in the US), which entered commercial service in December 2013 to provide improved television broadcasting capability and expand availability of voice and internet; Es'hailSat released a request for proposals in March 2014 for its second satellite to launch in 2016 (2014)" + "text": "TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jaze (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".qa" diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 868e6947..aeda5c33 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "16,200 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since petroleum was discovered in the 1930s; most of the economic activities - and with it the country's population - is concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east, through Riyadh in the interior, to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "frequent sand and dust storms", "volcanism": { @@ -183,6 +186,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since petroleum was discovered in the 1930s; most of the economic activities - and with it the country's population - is concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east, through Riyadh in the interior, to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "83.1% of total population (2015)" @@ -444,7 +450,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 342-3800" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 944-3113" + "text": "[1] (202) 944-5983" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Houston, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -496,55 +502,55 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 16% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 87% of budget revenues, 42% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. ++ ++ Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. Over 6 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors; at the same time, however, Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Saudi officials are particularly focused on employing its large youth population, which generally lacks the education and technical skills the private sector needs. ++ ++ In 2015, the Kingdom incurred a budget deficit estimated at 13% of GDP, and it faces a deficit of $87 billion in 2016, which will be financed by bond sales and drawing down reserves. Although the Kingdom can finance high deficits for several years by drawing down its considerable foreign assets or by borrowing, it has announced plans to cut capital spending in 2016. Some of these plans to cut deficits include introducing a value-added tax and reducing subsidies on electricity, water, and petroleum products. In January 2016, Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN announced that Saudi Arabia intends to list shares of its state-owned petroleum company, ARAMCO - another move to increase revenue and outside investment. The government has also looked at privatization and diversification of the economy more closely in the wake of a diminished oil market. Historically, Saudi Arabia has focused diversification efforts on power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemical sectors. More recently, the government has approached investors about expanding the role of the private sector in the healthcare, education and tourism industries. While Saudi Arabia has emphasized their goals of diversification for some time, current low oil prices may force the government to make more drastic changes ahead of their long-run timeline." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.683 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.628 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.571 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.731 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.711 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.653 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$653.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$637.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.) ++ 2.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$53,600 (2015 est.) ++ $52,900 (2014 est.) ++ $52,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$54,100 (2016 est.) ++ $54,500 (2015 est.) ++ $53,700 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 38.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 44.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "25% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 38.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "40.8%" + "text": "42.3%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "29.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "28.8%" + "text": "29.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "5.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "33.8%" + "text": "30.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-38.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-38% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "2.3%" + "text": "2.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "46%" + "text": "42.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "54.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -554,12 +560,12 @@ "text": "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "11.67 million", + "text": "12.02 million", "note": { - "text": "about 80% of the labor force is non-national (2015 est.)" + "text": "about 80% of the labor force is non-national (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -574,7 +580,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "11.4% (2015 est.) ++ 11.6% (2014 est.)", + "text": "11.2% (2016 est.) ++ 11.4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are for Saudi males only (local bank estimates; some estimates are as high as 25%)" } @@ -595,50 +601,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$164.2 billion" + "text": "$149.7 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$260.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$236.7 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "23.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-14.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-13.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "31% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.4% (2016 est.) ++ 2.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "2.5% (31 December 2008) ++ " }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6.9% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.7% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$305.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $304.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$295.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $305.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$513.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $461.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$134.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$221.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $134.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$373.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $338.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $353.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$421.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $483.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $467.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$41.48 billion (2015 est.) ++ $73.76 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$42.28 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$53.48 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$202.3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $342.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$205.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $202.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products 90% (2012 est.)" @@ -647,7 +653,7 @@ "text": "China 13.2%, Japan 10.9%, US 9.6%, India 9.6%, South Korea 8.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$155 billion (2015 est.) ++ $158.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$157.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $155 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles" @@ -656,36 +662,22 @@ "text": "China 13.9%, US 12.7%, Germany 7.1%, South Korea 6.1%, India 4.5%, Japan 4.4%, UK 4.3% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$616.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $732.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$553.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $616.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$169.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $166.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$200.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $169.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$250.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $242.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$258.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $250.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$37.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$42.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $37.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar - ++ 3.75 (2015 est.) ++ 3.75 (2014 est.) ++ 3.75 (2013 est.) ++ 3.75 (2012 est.) ++ 3.75 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar - ++ 3.75 (2016 est.) ++ 3.75 (2015 est.) ++ 3.75 (2014 est.) ++ 3.75 (2013 est.) ++ 3.75 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "293 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -781,7 +773,7 @@ "text": "mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 966; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks providing connectivity to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 966; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) and for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks providing connectivity to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; microwave r (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index d512b7a3..616b0b12 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area as Syria until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights region to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional, albeit unsuccessful, peace talks over its return. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawi sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. Following the death of President Hafiz al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah. In May 2007, Bashar al-ASAD's second term as president was approved by popular referendum. ++ Influenced by major uprisings that began elsewhere in the region, and compounded by additional social and economic factors, antigovernment protests broke out first in the southern province of Dar'a in March 2011 with protesters calling for the repeal of the restrictive Emergency Law allowing arrests without charge, the legalization of political parties, and the removal of corrupt local officials. Demonstrations and violent unrest spread across Syria with the size and intensity of protests fluctuating. The government responded to unrest with a mix of concessions - including the repeal of the Emergency Law, new laws permitting new political parties, and liberalizing local and national elections - and military force. However, the government's response has failed to meet opposition demands for ASAD's resignation, and the government's ongoing violence to quell unrest and widespread armed opposition activity has led to extended clashes between government forces and oppositionists. International pressure on the ASAD regime has intensified since late 2011, as the Arab League, EU, Turkey, and the US expanded economic sanctions against the regime. In December 2012, the Syrian National Coalition, was recognized by more than 130 countries as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. Peace talks between the Coalition and Syrian regime at the UN-sponsored Geneva II conference in 2014 failed to produce a resolution of the conflict. Unrest continues in Syria, and according to an April 2016 UN estimate, the death toll among Syrian Government forces, opposition forces, and civilians had reached 400,000. As of January 2016, approximately 13.5 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance in Syria, with 6.5 million people displaced internally, and an additional 4.8 million Syrian refugees, making the Syrian situation the largest humanitarian crisis worldwide." + "text": "Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area as Syria until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights region to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional, albeit unsuccessful, peace talks over its return. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawi sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. Following the death of President Hafiz al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah. In May 2007, Bashar al-ASAD's second term as president was approved by popular referendum. ++ Influenced by major uprisings that began elsewhere in the region, and compounded by additional social and economic factors, antigovernment protests broke out first in the southern province of Dar'a in March 2011 with protesters calling for the repeal of the restrictive Emergency Law allowing arrests without charge, the legalization of political parties, and the removal of corrupt local officials. Demonstrations and violent unrest spread across Syria with the size and intensity of protests fluctuating. The government responded to unrest with a mix of concessions - including the repeal of the Emergency Law, new laws permitting new political parties, and liberalizing local and national elections - and military force. However, the government's response has failed to meet opposition demands for ASAD's resignation, and the government's ongoing violence to quell unrest and widespread armed opposition activity has led to extended clashes between government forces and oppositionists. International pressure on the ASAD regime has intensified since late 2011, as the Arab League, EU, Turkey, and the US expanded economic sanctions against the regime. In December 2012, the Syrian National Coalition, was recognized by more than 130 countries as the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people. Peace talks between the Coalition and Syrian regime at the UN-sponsored Geneva II conference in 2014 and the UN-sponsored Geneva III talks in 2016 failed to produce a resolution of the conflict. Unrest continues in Syria, and according to an April 2016 UN estimate, the death toll among Syrian Government forces, opposition forces, and civilians had reached 400,000. As of December 2016, approximately 13.5 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance in Syria, with 6.3 million people displaced internally, and an additional 4.8 million Syrian refugees, making the Syrian situation the largest humanitarian crisis worldwide." } }, "Geography": { @@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "14,280 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "significant population density along the Mediterranean coast; larger concentrations found in the major cities of Damascus, Aleppo (the country's largest city), and Hims (Homs); more than half of the population lives in the coastal plain, the province of Aleppo, and the Euphrates River valley" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "dust storms, sandstorms", "volcanism": { @@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%" + "text": "Arab 90.3%, Kurdish, Armenian, and other 9.7%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English" @@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "significant population density along the Mediterranean coast; larger concentrations found in the major cities of Damascus, Aleppo (the country's largest city), and Hims (Homs); more than half of the population lives in the coastal plain, the province of Aleppo, and the Euphrates River valley" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "57.7% of total population (2015)" @@ -484,10 +490,10 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "ambassador (vacant); Special Envoy for Syria Michael RATNEY (since 27 July 2015); note - on 6 February 2012, the US closed its embassy in Damascus" + "text": "ambassador (vacant); US Special Envoy for Syria Michael RATNEY (since 27 July 2015); note - on 6 February 2012, the US closed its embassy in Damascus" }, "embassy": { - "text": "Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansour Street, No. 2, Damascus" + "text": "Abou Roumaneh, 2 Al Mansour Street, Damascus" }, "mailing address": { "text": "P. O. Box 29, Damascus" @@ -525,9 +531,9 @@ "text": "Syria's economy continues to deteriorate amid the ongoing conflict that began in 2011, declining by 62% from 2010 to 2014. The government has struggled to address the effects of international sanctions, widespread infrastructure damage, diminished domestic consumption and production, reduced subsidies, and high inflation, which have caused dwindling foreign exchange reserves, rising budget and trade deficits, a decreasing value of the Syrian pound, and falling household purchasing power. ++ ++ During 2014, the ongoing conflict and continued unrest and economic decline worsened the humanitarian crisis and elicited a greater need for international assistance, as the number of people in need inside Syria increased from 9.3 million to 12.2 million, and the number of Syrian refugees increased from 2.2 million to more than 3.3 million. ++ ++ Prior to the turmoil, Damascus had begun liberalizing economic policies, including cutting lending interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating multiple exchange rates, raising prices on some subsidized items, and establishing the Damascus Stock Exchange, but the economy remains highly regulated. Long-run economic constraints include foreign trade barriers, declining oil production, high unemployment, rising budget deficits, increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, rapid population growth, industrial expansion, water pollution, and widespread infrastructure damage." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$55.8 billion (2014 est.) ++ $61.9 billion (2013 est.) ++ $97.5 billion (2012 est.)", + "text": "$55.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61.9 billion (2013 est.) ++ $97.5 billion (2012 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars ++ the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period" + "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars ++ the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -537,9 +543,9 @@ "text": "-9.9% (2015 est.) ++ -36.5% (2014 est.) ++ -30.9% (2013 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,100 (2011 est.) ++ $5,100 (2010 est.) ++ $5,200 (2010 est.)", + "text": "$2,900 (2015 est.) ++ NA (2013 est.) ++ NA (2010 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2011 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { @@ -547,22 +553,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "63.4%" + "text": "63%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "22.5%" + "text": "22.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.2%" + "text": "21.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "11.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "9.1%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-25.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-31.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -570,10 +576,10 @@ "text": "19.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "18.9%" + "text": "19%" }, "services": { - "text": "61.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "61.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -583,10 +589,10 @@ "text": "petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-4.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.577 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.37 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -600,7 +606,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "50% (2015 est.) ++ 57.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "50% (2016 est.) ++ 50% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "82.5% (2014 est.)" @@ -615,44 +621,44 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.9 billion" + "text": "$494.5 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.7 billion" + "text": "$2.665 billion" }, "note": { "text": "government projections for FY2016" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "text": "2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "text": "-8.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "52% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 48.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "57.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 52% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "38.1% (2015 est.) ++ 29.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "47.7% (2016 est.) ++ 38.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { - "text": "0.75% (31 December 2015) ++ 5% (31 December 2014)" + "text": "0.75% (31 December 2016) ++ 5% (31 December 2015)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "27% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 18.5% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "32% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 27% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$5.254 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.718 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.017 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.254 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$11.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $12.71 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$3.712 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$5.285 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.336 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.285 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" @@ -661,7 +667,7 @@ "text": "-$3.148 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.667 billion (2014 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.14 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.015 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.304 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.14 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, minerals, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, textiles, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat" @@ -670,7 +676,7 @@ "text": "Iraq 64.7%, Saudi Arabia 11.2%, Kuwait 7.1%, UAE 6.1%, Libya 4.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.663 billion (2015 est.) ++ $8.028 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.965 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.663 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper" @@ -679,30 +685,16 @@ "text": "Saudi Arabia 28%, UAE 13.7%, Iran 10.1%, Turkey 9%, Iraq 8.3%, China 6.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$772.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.428 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$504.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $772.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$5.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.597 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.918 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar - ++ 236.41 (2015 est.) ++ 153.695 (2014 est.) ++ 153.695 (2013 est.) ++ 64.39 (2012 est.) ++ 48.371 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar - ++ 497.8 (2016 est.) ++ 236.41 (2015 est.) ++ 236.41 (2014 est.) ++ 153.695 (2013 est.) ++ 64.39 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "96%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "81% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "21 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -798,11 +790,11 @@ "text": "the number of fixed-line connections increased markedly prior to the civil war in 2011; mobile-cellular service stands at about 80 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 963; submarine cable connection to Egypt, Lebanon, and Cyprus; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel (2015)" + "text": "country code - 963; submarine cable connection to Egypt, Lebanon, and Cyprus; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; pa (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-run TV and radio broadcast networks; state operates 2 TV networks and a satellite channel; roughly two-thirds of Syrian homes have a satellite dish providing access to foreign TV broadcasts; 3 state-run radio channels; first private radio station launched in 2005; private radio broadcasters prohibited from transmitting news or political content (2007)" + "text": "state-run TV and radio broadcast networks; state operates 2 TV networks and a satellite channel; roughly two-thirds of Syrian homes have a satellite dish providing access to foreign TV broadcasts; 3 state-run radio channels; first private radio station la (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".sy" @@ -933,10 +925,10 @@ "text": "528,616 (Palestinian Refugees); undetermined (Iraq) (2015)" }, "note": { - "text": "the ongoing civil war has created about 4.8 million Syrian refugees - dispersed in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey - as of November 2016" + "text": "the ongoing civil war has created more than 4.8 million Syrian refugees - dispersed in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey - as of January 2017" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "6,563,462 (ongoing civil war since 2011) (2015)" + "text": "6.3 million (ongoing civil war since 2011) (2016)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "160,000 (2015); note - Syria's stateless population consists of Kurds and Palestinians; stateless persons are prevented from voting, owning land, holding certain jobs, receiving food subsidies or public healthcare, enrolling in public schools, or being legally married to Syrian citizens; in 1962, some 120,000 Syrian Kurds were stripped of their Syrian citizenship, rendering them and their descendants stateless; in 2011, the Syrian Government granted citizenship to thousands of Syrian Kurds as a means of appeasement; however, resolving the question of statelessness is not a priority given Syria's ongoing civil war" diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index a60e2426..f7e853b3 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has long dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 40,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2013, the PKK and the Turkish Government agreed to a cease-fire, but fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession membership talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms have contributed to a quickly growing economy. ++ ++ Late 2015 and the first half of 2016 witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence in Turkey's two largest cities and elsewhere. Several car bomb and gun attacks in Ankara in October 2015, and two attacks there in February and June 2015 were followed by an attack on Istanbul's Ataturk Airport. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup at key government and infrastructure locations in Ankara and Istanbul. An estimated 300 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. Turkish Government authorities subsequently conducted mass arrests of military personnel, detained several thousand judges and journalists, and suspended thousands of educators in connection with the coup. The government accused coup leaders of links to the \"Gulen\" movement - an Islamic transnational religious and social movement, which the government designates as a terrorist group." + "text": "Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or \"Father of the Turks.\" Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a \"post-modern coup\" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces. ++ Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,\" which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has long dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the PKK and the Turkish Government agreed to a cease-fire, but fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession membership talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years. ++ From 2015 and continuing in 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence. The attacks have included bombings in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup at key government and infrastructure locations in Ankara and Istanbul. An estimated 300 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested and/or dismissed thousands of military personnel, journalists, and civil servants, including judges and educators, over their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a three-month State of Emergency in July 2016 that was extended in October 2016. The Turkish Government is considering changing Turkey to an executive presidency." } }, "Geography": { @@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "52,150 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the western Mediterranean coast, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van", "volcanism": { @@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, other minorities 7-12% (2008 est.)" + "text": "Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 7-12% (2016 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages" @@ -174,6 +177,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the western Mediterranean coast, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "73.4% of total population (2015)" @@ -283,7 +289,7 @@ "text": "1.9% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2006)" + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -378,7 +384,12 @@ "text": "Republic Day, 29 October (1923)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)" + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982" + }, + "amendments": { + "text": "proposed by written consent of at least one-third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary GNA session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request GNA reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority GNA vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2016 (2016)" + } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on various European legal systems notably the Swiss civil code" @@ -408,7 +419,7 @@ "text": "President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 10 August 2014)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Nurettin CANIKLI (since 24 May 2016), Veysi KAYNAK (since 24 May 2016), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015), Yildirim Tugrul TURKES (since 29 August 2014), Numan KURTULMUS (since 29 August 2014)" + "text": "Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Nurettin CANIKLI (since 24 May 2016), Veysi KAYNAK (since 24 May 2016), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015), Tugrul TURKES (since 29 August 2014), Numan KURTULMUS (since 29 August 2014)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president" @@ -425,7 +436,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on June 2019); note - ERDOGAN was unable to form a coalition government and announced on 24 August 2015 that snap elections would be held; DAVUTOGLU formed the interim government" + "text": "last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on June 2019)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - AKP 49.5%, CHP 25.3%, MHP 11.9%, HDP 10.8%, other 2.6%; seats by party - AKP 317, CHP 134, MHP 40, HDP 59; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats" @@ -443,10 +454,10 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] ++ Felicity Party or SP [Mustafa KAMALAK] ++ Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] ++ Justice and Development Party or AKP [Ahmet DAVUTOGLU] ++ Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] ++ People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Figen YUKSEKDAG] ++ Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU]" + "text": "Democratic Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] ++ Felicity Party or SP [Mustafa KAMALAK] ++ Free Cause Party or HUDA PAR [Zekeriya YAPICIOGLU] ++ Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] ++ Justice and Development Party or AKP [Binali YILDRUM] ++ Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] ++ Patriotic Party of VP [Dogu PERINCEK] ++ People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Figen YUKSEKDAG]; note - DEMIRTAS and YUKSEKDAG were detained by Turkish authorities in November 2016 over their alleged links to the PKK ++ Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU] ++ Rights and Freedom Party of HAK-PAR [Refik KARACOK]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey or TUSKON [Rizanur MERAL] ++ Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Lami OZGEN, Sazyie KOSE, co-chairs] ++ Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Tayfun GORGUN] ++ Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Nail OLPAK] ++ Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] ++ Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK] ++ Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] ++ Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] ++ Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem YILMAZ] ++ Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]" + "text": "Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey or TUSKON [Rizanur MERAL]; note - the government issued an arrest warrant for MERAL over alleged connection to the July 2016 coup attempt ++ Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Lami OZGEN, Saziye KOSE, co-chairs] ++ Confederation of Progressive Workers Unions or DISK [Kani BEKO] ++ Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Nail OLPAK] ++ Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] ++ Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations or TISK [Kudret ONEN] ++ Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] ++ Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] ++ Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Cansen BASARAN-SYMES] ++ Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -465,7 +476,7 @@ "text": "[1] (202) 612-6744" }, "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York" + "text": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { @@ -488,11 +499,11 @@ "text": "Istanbul" }, "consulate(s)": { - "text": "Adana; note - there is a Consular Agent in Izmir" + "text": "Adana" } }, "Flag description": { - "text": "red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples (the crescent represents the mythical moon god, Ay Ata, and the star the sun goddess, Gun Ana); according to one legend, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors" + "text": "red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples; according to one interpretation, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "star and crescent; national colors: red, white" @@ -514,55 +525,55 @@ "text": "Turkey's largely free-market economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. An aggressive privatization program has reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. An emerging cadre of middle-class entrepreneurs is adding dynamism to the economy and expanding production beyond the traditional textiles and clothing sectors. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries are rising in importance and have surpassed textiles within Turkey's export mix. ++ ++ Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that has brought up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian region to market. The joint Turkish-Azeri Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) is moving forward to help transport Caspian gas to Europe through Turkey, helping to address Turkey's dependence on imported gas, which currently meets 98% of its energy needs. ++ ++ After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP rebounded strongly to around 9% in 2010-11, as exports returned to normal levels following the crisis. Two rating agencies upgraded Turkey's debt to investment grade in 2012 and 2013, and Turkey's public sector debt to GDP ratio fell to 33% in 2014. The stock value of Foreign Direct Investment reached nearly $195 billion at yearend 2014. ++ ++ Despite these positive trends, GDP growth dropped to 4.4% in 2013 and 2.9% in 2014. Growth slowed considerably in the last quarter of 2014, largely due to lackluster consumer demand both domestically and in Europe, Turkey’s most important export market. High interest rates have also contributed to the slowdown in growth, as Turkey sharply increased interest rates in January 2014 in order to strengthen the country’s currency and reduce inflation. Turkey then cut rates in February 2015 in a bid to spur economic growth. ++ ++ The Turkish economy retains significant weaknesses. Specifically, Turkey's relatively high current account deficit, uncertain commitment to structural reform, and turmoil within Turkey's neighborhood leave the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Turkey also remains overly dependent on often volatile, short-term investment to finance its large current account deficit." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.589 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.53 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.487 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.67 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.617 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.555 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$733.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$735.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.) ++ 4.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$20,400 (2015 est.) ++ $19,900 (2014 est.) ++ $19,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$21,100 (2016 est.) ++ $20,700 (2015 est.) ++ $20,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "13% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 14.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "68.6%" + "text": "69.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "15.7%" + "text": "15.5%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "20.3%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.7%" + "text": "-1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "27.9%" + "text": "26.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-29.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "8.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "27%" + "text": "27.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "67.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "64.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -572,12 +583,12 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "29.67 million", + "text": "30.24 million", "note": { - "text": "about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2015 est.)" + "text": "about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -592,7 +603,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "10.3% (2015 est.) ++ 10% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (2016 est.) ++ 10.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.9% (2010 est.)" @@ -610,53 +621,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$177.7 billion" + "text": "$184.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$186 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$198.8 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "25% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "34.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "32.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover central government debt, and excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover central government debt, and excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.7% (2015 est.) ++ 8.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (2016 est.) ++ 7.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.25% (31 December 2011) ++ 15% (22 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.66% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 13.23% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.2% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.66% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$107.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $111.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$119.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $107.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$474.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $425.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$581.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $618.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$611.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $581.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$308.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $201.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $306.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$32.19 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$43.55 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$32.12 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$32.24 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$152 billion (2015 est.) ++ $168.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$150.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $152 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment" @@ -665,7 +676,7 @@ "text": "Germany 9.3%, UK 7.3%, Iraq 5.9%, Italy 4.8%, US 4.5%, France 4.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$200.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $232.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$197.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $200.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment" @@ -674,27 +685,22 @@ "text": "China 12%, Germany 10.3%, Russia 9.9%, US 5.4%, Italy 5.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$110.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $127.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$115 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $110.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$397.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $408.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$410.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $397.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$185.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $169.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$198.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $185.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$45.57 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $40.48 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$53.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $45.57 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - ++ 2.72 (2015 est.) ++ 2.1885 (2014 est.) ++ 2.1885 (2013 est.) ++ 1.8 (2012 est.) ++ 1.675 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - ++ 2.976 (2016 est.) ++ 2.72 (2015 est.) ++ 2.72 (2014 est.) ++ 2.1885 (2013 est.) ++ 1.8 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "239 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -787,14 +793,14 @@ "text": "comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services" }, "domestic": { - "text": "additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 105 telephones per 100 persons" + "text": "additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication bet" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2015)" + "text": "country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth sta (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)" + "text": "Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions a (2009)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".tr" @@ -902,7 +908,7 @@ "text": "1 (Italy 1)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "645 (Albania 1, Antigua and Barbuda 7, Azerbaijan 1, Bahamas 3, Barbados 1, Belize 16, Brazil 1, Cambodia 15, Comoros 8, Cook Islands 4, Curacao 5, Cyprus 1, Dominica 1, Georgia 14, Italy 4, Kazakhstan 1, Liberia 16, Malta 233, Marshall Islands 70, Moldova 18, Panama 62, Russia 101, Saint Kitts and Nevis 18, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13, Sierra Leone 9, Slovakia 1, Tanzania 13, Togo 4, Tuvalu 1, unknown 3) (2010)" + "text": "645 (Albania 1, Antigua and Barbuda 7, Azerbaijan 1, Bahamas 3, Barbados 1, Belize 16, Brazil 1, Cambodia 15, Comoros 8, Cook Islands 4, Curacao 5, Cyprus 1, Dominica 1, Georgia 14, Italy 4, Kazakhstan 1, Liberia 16, Malta 233, Marshall Islands 70, Moldova 18 (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { @@ -925,7 +931,7 @@ "text": "21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates (graduates of higher education may perform 6 months of military service as short-term privates, or 12 months as reserve officers); conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; Turkish citizens with a residence or work permit who have worked abroad for at least 3 years (1095 days) can be exempt from military service in exchange for 6,000 EUR or its equivalent in foreign currencies; a law passed in December 2014 introduced a one-time payment scheme which exempted Turkish citizens 27 and older from conscription in exchange for a payment of $8,150 (2013)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "2.29% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 2.36% of GDP (2014) ++ 2.39% of GDP (2013) ++ 2.31% of GDP (2012) ++ 2.28% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2015) ++ 2.36% of GDP (2014) ++ 2.39% of GDP (2013) ++ 2.31% of GDP (2012) ++ 2.28% of GDP (2011)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense (2014)" @@ -937,7 +943,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "at least 103,000 (Iraq) (2014); 2,764,500 (Syria) (2016)" + "text": "at least 103,000 (Iraq) (2014); 2,814,631 (Syria) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "954,000 (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2015)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index f86cb8ef..d487eda2 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "From the early 16th century through 1917, the area now known as the West Bank fell under Ottoman rule. Following World War I, the Allied powers (France, UK, Russia) allocated the area to the British Mandate of Palestine. After World War II, the UN passed a resolution to establish two states within the Mandate, and designated a territory including what is now known as the West Bank as part of the proposed Arab state. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the area was captured by Transjordan (later renamed Jordan). Jordan annexed the West Bank in 1950. In June 1967, Israel captured the West Bank and East Jerusalem during the 1967 Six-Day War. With the exception of East Jerusalem, roughly 60% of the West Bank remains under Israeli military control. Israel transferred security and civilian responsibility for a number of Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the Palestinian Authority (PA) under a series of agreements signed between 1994 and 1999, the so-called “Oslo Accords.” Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip stalled after the outbreak of an intifada in mid-2000. In early 2003, the \"Quartet\" of the US, EU, UN, and Russia, presented a roadmap to a final peace settlement by 2005, calling for two states - Israel and a democratic Palestine. ++ ++ Following Palestinian leader Yassir ARAFAT's death in late 2004 and the subsequent election of Mahmoud ABBAS (head of the Fatah political faction) as PA president, Israel and the Palestinians agreed to move the peace process forward. Israel in late 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and redeployed its military from several West Bank settlements but continues to control maritime, airspace, and other access. In early 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won the Palestinian Legislative Council election and took control of the PA government. Attempts to form a unity government failed, and violent clashes between Fatah and HAMAS supporters ensued, culminating in HAMAS's violent seizure of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip. Fatah and HAMAS have made several attempts at reconciliation, but the factions have been unable to implement details on governance and security. In an attempt to reenergize peace talks between the Israelis and Palestinians, France in June 2016 hosted a ministerial meeting that included participants from 29 countries, although not Israel or the Palestinians, to lay the groundwork for an envisioned \"multilateral peace conference\" later in the year." + "text": "From the early 16th century through 1917, the area now known as the West Bank fell under Ottoman rule. Following World War I, the Allied powers (France, UK, Russia) allocated the area to the British Mandate of Palestine. After World War II, the UN passed a resolution to establish two states within the Mandate, and designated a territory including what is now known as the West Bank as part of the proposed Arab state. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the area was captured by Transjordan (later renamed Jordan). Jordan annexed the West Bank in 1950. In June 1967, Israel captured the West Bank and East Jerusalem during the 1967 Six-Day War. With the exception of East Jerusalem, roughly 60% of the West Bank remains under Israeli military control. Israel transferred security and civilian responsibility for a number of Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the Palestinian Authority (PA) under a series of agreements signed between 1993 and 1999, the so-called “Oslo Accords.” Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip stalled after the outbreak of an intifada in mid-2000. In early 2003, the \"Quartet\" of the US, EU, UN, and Russia, presented a roadmap to a final peace settlement by 2005, calling for two states - Israel and a democratic Palestine. ++ Following Palestinian leader Yassir ARAFAT's death in late 2004 and the subsequent election of Mahmud ABBAS (head of the Fatah political faction) as PA president, Israel and the Palestinians agreed to move the peace process forward. Israel in late 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers, dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, and redeployed its military from several West Bank settlements, but it continues to control maritime, airspace, and other access. In early 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won the Palestinian Legislative Council election and took control of the PA government. Attempts to form a unity government failed, and violent clashes between Fatah and HAMAS supporters ensued, culminating in HAMAS's violent seizure of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip. Fatah and HAMAS have made several attempts at reconciliation, but the factions have been unable to implement details on governance and security. In an attempt to reenergize peace talks between the Israelis and Palestinians, France in June 2016 hosted a ministerial meeting that included participants from 29 countries, although not Israel or the Palestinians, to lay the groundwork for an envisioned \"multilateral peace conference\" later in the year." } }, "Geography": { @@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "240 sq km; note - includes Gaza Strip (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "Palestinian settlements are primarily located in the central to western half of the territory; Jewish colonies are found in pockets throughout, particularly in the northeast, north-central, and around Jerusalem" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "droughts" }, @@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "2,697,687 (represents Palestinian population only) (July 2016 est.)", "note": { - "text": "approximately 371,000 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank; approximately 211,640 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2014)" + "text": "approximately 385,900 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank; approximately 201,200 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2014)" } }, "Nationality": { @@ -173,6 +176,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "Palestinian settlements are primarily located in the central to western half of the territory; Jewish colonies are found in pockets throughout, particularly in the northeast, north-central, and around Jerusalem" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "75.3% of total population (2015)" @@ -278,6 +284,12 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Education expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP", + "note": { + "text": "includes Gaza Strip (2015)" + } + }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" @@ -354,7 +366,7 @@ } }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1% (2013 est.) ++ 6% (2012 est.)", + "text": "5.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1% (` est.) ++ 6% (2012 est.)", "note": { "text": "excludes Gaza Strip" } @@ -496,19 +508,19 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6.8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 6.41% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$265.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $234.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$317.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $265.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$2.399 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.16 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$2.424 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.273 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.418 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.147 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.551 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.418 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$2.634 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.45 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$3.339 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.187 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.247 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.149 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$2.383 billion (2013 est.)" @@ -532,33 +544,16 @@ "text": "food, consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum, chemicals" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.089 billion (2014 est.) ++ $1.191 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.662 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $1.467 billion (31 March 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data include the Gaza Strip" } }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - ++ 3.8869 (2015 est.) ++ 3.578 (2014 est.) ++ 3.578 (2013 est.) ++ 3.86 (2012 est.) ++ 3.5781 (2011 est.)" + "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - ++ 3.89 (2015 est.) ++ 3.89 (2014 est.) ++ 3.578 (2014 est.) ++ 3.578 (2013 est.) ++ 3.86 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "80,930" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93%" - }, - "note": { - "text": "data for West Bank and Gaza Strip combined (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -654,7 +649,7 @@ "text": "continuing political and economic instability has impeded significant liberalization of the telecommunications industry" }, "domestic": { - "text": "Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed-line services; PALTEL plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Jordan to route domestic mobile calls; the Palestinian JAWWAL company and WATANIYA PALESTINE provide cellular services" + "text": "Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed-line services; PALTEL plans to establish a fiber-optic connection to Jordan to route domestic mobile calls; the Palestinian JAWWAL company and WATANIYA PALESTINE provide ce" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 970; 1 international switch in Ramallah (2010)" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 60ad3c09..21bad480 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "6,800 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of the population is found in the southern Sarawat Mountains, located in the far western region of the country" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "sandstorms and dust storms in summer", "volcanism": { @@ -186,6 +189,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the vast majority of the population is found in the southern Sarawat Mountains, located in the far western region of the country" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "34.6% of total population (2015)" @@ -431,7 +437,7 @@ "text": "President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (since 21 February 2012); Vice President Mohsin al-AHMAR, Gen. (since 3 April 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Obaid bin DAGHR (since 3 April 2016)" + "text": "Prime Minister Ahmad Obaid bin DAGHIR (since 3 April 2016)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "appointed by the president" @@ -537,55 +543,55 @@ "text": "Yemen is a low-income country that faces difficult long-term challenges to stabilizing and growing its economy, and the current conflict has only exacerbated those issues. The ongoing war has halted Yemen’s exports, pressured the currency’s exchange rate, accelerated inflation, severely limited food and fuel imports, and caused widespread damage to infrastructure. At least 82% of the population is in need of humanitarian assistance. ++ ++ Prior to the start of the conflict in 2014, Yemen was highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Oil and gas earnings accounted for roughly 25% of GDP and 65% of government revenue. The Yemeni Government regularly faced annual budget shortfalls and has tried to diversify the Yemeni economy through a reform program designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. As part of these reform efforts, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas in October 2009. The international community supported Yemen’s efforts toward economic and political reform in part by establishing the Friends of Yemen group. In 2012, the Friends of Yemen pledged nearly $7 billion in assistance to Yemen. In July 2014, the government continued reform efforts by eliminating some fuel subsidies and in August 2014, the IMF approved a three-year, $570 million Extended Credit Facility for Yemen. ++ ++ However, the conflict that began in 2014 stalled these reform efforts. Rebel Huthi groups have interfered with Ministry of Finance and Central Bank operations and diverted funds for their own use. Yemen’s Central Bank reserves, which stood at $5.2 billion prior to the conflict, currently stand at $1.5 billion. The Central Bank is exposed to approximately $7 billion in overdraft, more than three times the legal limit, directly linked to the Huthis withdrawing $116 million on a monthly basis. The private sector is hemorrhaging, with almost all businesses making substantial layoffs. The Port of Hudaydah, which handles 60% of Yemen’s commercial traffic, was damaged in August 2015 as a result of the conflict and is only operating at 50% capacity. Access to food and other critical commodities such as medical equipment is limited across the country due to security issues on the ground. The Social Welfare Fund, a cash transfer program for Yemen’s neediest, is no longer operational and has not made any disbursements since late 2014. ++ ++ Yemen will require significant international assistance during and after the protracted conflict to stabilize its economy. Long-term challenges include a high population growth rate, high unemployment, declining water resources, and severe food scarcity." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$75.54 billion (2015 est.) ++ $105.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $105.3 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$73.45 billion (2016 est.) ++ $76.68 billion (2015 est.) ++ $106.6 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$36.85 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$31.33 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-28.1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-4.2% (2016 est.) ++ -28.1% (2015 est.) ++ -0.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,700 (2015 est.) ++ $3,800 (2014 est.) ++ $3,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,500 (2016 est.) ++ $2,700 (2015 est.) ++ $3,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "-1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 12.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 9.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ -3.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "98.5%" + "text": "101.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.9%" + "text": "10.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "7.2%" + "text": "7.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-5%" + "text": "-5.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "6.5%" + "text": "0.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-19.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-15.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "22%" + "text": "23.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "11.3%" + "text": "8.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "66.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "67.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -595,10 +601,10 @@ "text": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-71.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-27% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "7.324 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.47 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": { @@ -624,50 +630,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.113 billion" + "text": "$1.766 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$6.729 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.628 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-12.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "86.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "92.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 86.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "28.8% (2015 est.) ++ 8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "31.5% (2016 est.) ++ 28.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA%" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "25% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 24% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "27% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 25% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.993 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.256 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.993 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$16.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $14.04 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$10.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.78 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $10.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.072 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$715 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.92 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.065 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.364 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.601 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$124.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.364 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas" @@ -676,7 +682,7 @@ "text": "China 24.5%, UAE 16.5%, South Korea 10%, Saudi Arabia 10%, Kuwait 9.1%, India 8.5% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.793 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.86 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.624 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.793 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -685,33 +691,19 @@ "text": "UAE 20.9%, China 14.3%, Saudi Arabia 9.9%, Kuwait 7.4%, India 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$1.978 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.665 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$639.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.978 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$7.697 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $7.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.661 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.697 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - ++ 228 (2015 est.) ++ 214.89 (2014 est.) ++ 214.89 (2013 est.) ++ 214.35 (2012 est.) ++ 213.8 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - ++ 284.9 (2016 est.) ++ 228 (2015 est.) ++ 228 (2014 est.) ++ 214.89 (2013 est.) ++ 214.35 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "13,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "48%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "79%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "33% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "7.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -807,7 +799,7 @@ "text": "the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2010)" + "text": "country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave (2010)" } }, "Broadcast media": { @@ -937,7 +929,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "5,645 (Ethiopia) (2015); 254,633 (Somalia) (2016)" + "text": "5,645 (Ethiopia) (2015); 255,121 (Somalia) (2016)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "2,179,278 (conflict in Sa'ada Governorate; clashes between al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula and government forces) (2016)" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 9faeae59..28fd9ae1 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor George FERGUSSON (since 23 May 2012)" + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor John RANKIN (since 5 December 2016)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Premier Michael DUNKLEY (since 20 May 2014)" @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Consul General Robert SETTJE (since August 2012)" + "text": "Consul General Mary Ellen KOENIG (since 27 November 2015)" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3" @@ -418,22 +418,22 @@ }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "50.6%" + "text": "53.4%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "15.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "10.5%" + "text": "10.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "46.1%" + "text": "41.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-22.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-21.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ "text": "5.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "93.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "93.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ "text": "international business, tourism, light manufacturing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "33,490 (2014 est.)" @@ -486,17 +486,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$897.3 million" + "text": "$960.1 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.143 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.154 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "18.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "43% of GDP (FY14/15)" @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { "text": "$3.374 billion (30 September 2014 est.) ++ $3.422 billion (31 December 2013 est.)", @@ -517,13 +517,13 @@ "text": "$22.1 billion (30 September 2014 est.) ++ $25.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$NA ++ " + "text": "$NA ++ $NA" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.487 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.436 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.535 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.601 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.467 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$19 million (2015 est.) ++ $22 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$19 million (2016 est.) ++ $19 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "reexports of pharmaceuticals" @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "text": "US 14.4%, Iceland 13.7%, Spain 6.8%, UK 5.8%, Mauritius 5.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$934 million (2015 est.) ++ $969 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$887.3 million (2016 est.) ++ $934 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "clothing, fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals" @@ -550,15 +550,10 @@ "text": "$889 million (2014 est.) ++ $NA (2013 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 1 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.)" + "text": "Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - ++ 1 (2016 est.) ++ 1 (2015 est.) ++ 1 (2014 est.) ++ 1 (2013 est.) ++ 1 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "600 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 9f9a38d7..ffc48187 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ } }, "Coastline": { - "text": "202,080 km" + "text": "202,080 km", + "note": { + "text": "the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - consisting of 36,563 islands, several of them some of the world's largest - contributes to Canada easily having the longest coastline in the world" + } }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { @@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ "text": "8,700 sq km (2012)" }, "Population - distribution": { - "text": "vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia" + "text": "vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km (180 mi) of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains", @@ -486,44 +489,44 @@ "text": "As a high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. In addition, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly expanding, because Alberta's oil sands significantly boosted Canada's proven oil reserves. Canada now ranks third in the world in proved oil reserves behind Venezuela and Saudi Arabia and is the world’s fifth-largest oil producer. ++ ++ The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US, its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian merchandise exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. ++ ++ Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the early intervention by the Bank of Canada and the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-15, despite the recent drop in oil prices." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.632 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.613 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.574 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$1.674 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.655 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.638 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.552 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.532 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.2% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$45,600 (2015 est.) ++ $45,400 (2014 est.) ++ $44,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$46,200 (2016 est.) ++ $46,200 (2015 est.) ++ $46,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "19.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "57.5%" + "text": "57.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "21.2%" + "text": "21.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "23.3%" + "text": "22.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "31.5%" + "text": "31.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-33.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-33.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -531,10 +534,10 @@ "text": "1.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.2%" + "text": "27.7%" }, "services": { - "text": "70.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "70.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -544,10 +547,10 @@ "text": "transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "19.28 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.42 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -567,7 +570,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.1% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.4%", @@ -588,20 +591,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$599.5 billion" + "text": "$594.7 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$625.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$632.4 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "98.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 93.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "98.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 98.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level" } @@ -610,31 +613,31 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "1% (31 December 2010) ++ 0.25% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "2.78% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 2.78% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$568.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $629.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$635.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $568.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$1.486 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.47 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.642 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.973 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.932 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.642 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$2.016 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.907 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.16 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.593 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.095 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $2.114 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$51.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$40.59 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$56.73 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$48.97 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$411 billion (2015 est.) ++ $478.3 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$402.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $411 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum" @@ -643,7 +646,7 @@ "text": "US 76.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$428.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $473.9 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$419 billion (2016 est.) ++ $428.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods" @@ -652,27 +655,22 @@ "text": "US 53.1%, China 12.2%, Mexico 5.8% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$79.75 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $74.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$82.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $79.75 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.491 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.395 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.608 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $1.55 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$1.065 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.01 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.099 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.065 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$1.256 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.176 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.334 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.256 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - ++ 1.2788 (2015 est.) ++ 1.1047 (2014 est.) ++ 1.0298 (2013 est.) ++ 0.9992 (2012 est.) ++ 0.9895 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - ++ 1.331 (2016 est.) ++ 1.2788 (2015 est.) ++ 1.2788 (2014 est.) ++ 1.0298 (2013 est.) ++ 0.9992 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "633 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -772,7 +770,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations (2008)" + "text": "2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ca" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 53a5eff9..54213772 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -492,15 +492,10 @@ "text": "$36.4 million (2010) ++ $58 million (2009)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - ++ 6.7236 (2015 est.) ++ 5.6183 (2014 est.) ++ 5.3687 (2013 est.) ++ 5.79 (2012 est.) ++ 5.3687 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - ++ 6.865 (2016 est.) ++ 6.7236 (2015 est.) ++ 6.7236 (2014 est.) ++ 5.3687 (2013 est.) ++ 5.79 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -593,7 +588,7 @@ "text": "adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables, and microwave radio relay; totally digital since 1995" }, "domestic": { - "text": "microwave radio relay and satellite; the fundamental telecommunications infrastructure consists of a digital radio link from Nanortalik in south Greenland to Uummannaq in north Greenland; satellites cover north and east Greenland for domestic and foreign telecommunications; a marine cable connects south and west Greenland to the rest of the world, extending from Nuuk and Qaqortoq to Canada and Iceland" + "text": "microwave radio relay and satellite; the fundamental telecommunications infrastructure consists of a digital radio link from Nanortalik in south Greenland to Uummannaq in north Greenland; satellites cover north and east Greenland for domestic and foreign" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 15 (12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)) (2015)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 2ab5b512..957de879 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "text": "2.8% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2012)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -552,55 +552,55 @@ "text": "Mexico's $2.2 trillion economy has become increasingly oriented toward manufacturing in the 22 years since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. ++ ++ Mexico has become the US' second-largest export market and third-largest source of imports. In 2014, two-way trade in goods and services exceeded $590 billion. Mexico has free trade agreements with 46 countries, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. In 2012, Mexico formally joined the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia, and Chile. ++ ++ Mexico's current government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, emphasized economic reforms during its first two years in office, passing and implementing sweeping education, energy, financial, fiscal, and telecommunications reform legislation, among others, with the long-term aim to improve competitiveness and economic growth across the Mexican economy. Mexico began holding public auctions of exploration and development rights to select oil and gas resources in 2015 as a part of reforms that allow for private investment in the oil, gas, and electricity sectors. The second and third auctions demonstrated the capacity for the Mexican Government to adapt and improve the terms of the contracts to garner sufficient interest from investors amid low oil prices. ++ ++ Although the economy experienced stronger growth in 2014-15 as a result of increased investment and stronger demand for Mexican exports, growth is predicted to remain below potential given falling oil production, weak oil prices, structural issues such as low productivity, high inequality, a large informal sector employing over half of the workforce, weak rule of law, and corruption. Over the medium-term, the economy is vulnerable to global economic pressures, such as lower external demand, rising interest rates, and low oil prices - approximately 20% of government revenue comes from the state-owned oil company, PEMEX. The increasing integration of supply chains, development of energy sectors, and government-to-government focus on trade facilitation will continue to make the North American region increasingly competitive and contribute to Mexican economic development and strength." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.227 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.172 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $2.124 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2.307 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.259 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.205 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.144 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.064 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$17,500 (2015 est.) ++ $17,300 (2014 est.) ++ $17,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$18,900 (2016 est.) ++ $18,700 (2015 est.) ++ $18,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "69.3%" + "text": "69.6%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "12.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.2%" + "text": "22.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-1.7%" + "text": "-1.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "35.3%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-37.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-38.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.6%" + "text": "3.7%" }, "industry": { - "text": "32.8%" + "text": "33.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "63.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "63.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -610,10 +610,10 @@ "text": "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "52.91 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "53.74 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.8% (2014 est.)", + "text": "4.4% (2016 est.) ++ 4.4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "underemployment may be as high as 25%" } @@ -651,50 +651,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$269.2 billion" + "text": "$224.3 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$308.7 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$255.9 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "46.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 41.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "49.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 46.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012) ++ 4.5% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.42% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.55% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.42% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$194.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $195.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$192.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $194.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$826.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $727 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$398.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $413 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$400.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $398.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$525.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $408.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $454.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$402.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $480.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $526 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$32.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$24.85 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$29.03 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$32.71 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$381 billion (2015 est.) ++ $397.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$359.3 billion (2016 est.) ++ $381 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton" @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "text": "US 81.1% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$395.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $400.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$372.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $395.6 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, automobile parts for assembly and repair, aircraft, aircraft parts" @@ -712,36 +712,22 @@ "text": "US 47.3%, China 17.7%, Japan 4.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$178 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $195.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$176.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $178 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$441.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $432.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$484.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $441.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$356.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $389.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$384.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $356.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$142.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $143.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$153.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $142.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar - ++ 15.848 (2015 est.) ++ 13.292 (2014 est.) ++ 13.292 (2013 est.) ++ 13.17 (2012 est.) ++ 12.423 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar - ++ 18.34 (2016 est.) ++ 15.848 (2015 est.) ++ 15.848 (2014 est.) ++ 13.292 (2013 est.) ++ 13.17 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,231,667" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "286 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -831,13 +817,13 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "adequate telephone service for business and government; improving quality and increasing mobile cellular availability, with mobile subscribers far outnumbering fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable" + "text": "adequate telephone service for business and government; improving quality and increasing mobile cellular availability, with mobile subscribers far outnumbering fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave" }, "domestic": { "text": "competition has spurred the mobile-cellular market; fixed-line teledensity is less than 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 90 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, and Italy; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 120 (32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations); linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections (2015)" + "text": "country code - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, and Italy; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index 6f12ba5b..0bd02c25 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012); represented by Prefect Jean-Christophe BOUVIER (since September 2014)" + "text": "President Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012); represented by Prefect Jean-Regis BORIUS (since 2016)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President of Territorial Council Stephane ARTANO (since 21 February 2007)" @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Archipelago Tomorrow or AD [Stephane ARTANO] (affiliated with UMP) ++ Togerther for the Future (Ensemble pour l'Avenir) [Annick GIRARDIN] (affiliated with PRG)" + "text": "Archipelago Tomorrow or AD (affiliated with UMP) ++ Togerther for the Future (Ensemble pour l'Avenir) (affiliated with PRG)" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "text": "NA" @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ "text": "41%" }, "services": { - "text": "41% (1996)" + "text": "41% (1996 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.7752 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 22092adc..604769cc 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ "text": "0.5% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2011)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2013)" }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -419,10 +419,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)" + "text": "President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate" @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 10 November 2020)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote count - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 306, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 232; percent of direct popular vote - Donald J. TRUMP 47.3%, Hillary D. CLINTON 47.8%, other 4.9%; note - Donald J. TRUMP will assume office on 20 January 2017" + "text": "Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote count - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 304, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 227; percent of direct popular vote - Donald J. TRUMP 46%, Hillary D. CLINTON 48%, other 6%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party [Debbie Wasserman SCHULTZ] ++ Green Party [collective leadership] ++ Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK] ++ Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]" + "text": "Democratic Party [Interim Chairperson Donna BRAZILE] ++ Green Party [collective leadership] ++ Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK] ++ Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -499,44 +499,44 @@ "text": "The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $54,800. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at Purchasing Power Parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades. ++ ++ In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. ++ ++ Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits. ++ ++ The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a \"two-tier\" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. ++ ++ Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created. ++ ++ The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. ++ ++ Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through 2014, the direct costs of the wars totaled more than $1.5 trillion, according to US Government figures. ++ ++ In March 2010, President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. ++ ++ In July 2010, the president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are \"too big to fail,\" and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight. ++ ++ In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. In late 2013, the Fed announced that it would begin scaling back long-term bond purchases to $75 billion per month in January 2014 and further reduce them as conditions warranted; the Fed ended the purchases during the summer of 2014. In 2014, the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, and continued to fall to 5.5% by mid-2015, the lowest rate of joblessness since before the global recession began; inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt as a share of GDP continued to decline, following several years of increases. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began, but the Fed has opted to hold the target rate steady at 0.25%-0.5% through the first three quarters of 2016, with US GDP growth falling below 2% in each of those quarters." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$17.95 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $17.52 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $17.11 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$18.56 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $18.27 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $17.81 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$17.95 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$18.56 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.) ++ 1.5% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.6% (2016 est.) ++ 2.6% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$55,800 (2015 est.) ++ $54,900 (2014 est.) ++ $54,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$57,300 (2016 est.) ++ $56,800 (2015 est.) ++ $55,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 14.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 13.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "17.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 19.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "68.4%" + "text": "68.6%" }, "government consumption": { "text": "17.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "15.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.6%" + "text": "0.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "12%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-15.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-14.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ "text": "19.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "79.5% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "79.5% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -557,12 +557,12 @@ "text": "highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "157.1 million", + "text": "158.6 million", "note": { - "text": "includes unemployed (2015 est.)" + "text": "includes unemployed (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2015 est.) ++ 6.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2016 est.) ++ 5.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.1% (2010 est.)" @@ -604,59 +604,59 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$3.249 trillion" + "text": "$3.363 trillion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$3.688 trillion" + "text": "$3.893 trillion" }, "note": { - "text": "for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "18.1% of GDP", "note": { - "text": "excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "73.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 74.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "73.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 73.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as \"Debt Held by the Public,\" which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital Insurance (Medicare and Medicaid), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, \"Gross Debt\" would increase by about one-third of GDP" + "text": "data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as \"Debt Held by the Public,\" which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the dat" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "1.3% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "0.5% (31 December 2010) ++ 0.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "3.26% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.25% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.26% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.022 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.811 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.311 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.022 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$11.79 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $10.69 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$13.17 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.02 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$19.23 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.66 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.31 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $19.23 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$18.67 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.64 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $17.14 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$25.07 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.33 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $24.03 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$484.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$389.5 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$469.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$463 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.51 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $1.633 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.471 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $1.51 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)" @@ -665,10 +665,10 @@ "text": "Canada 18.6%, Mexico 15.7%, China 7.7%, Japan 4.2% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.273 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $2.386 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.205 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $2.273 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2008 est.)" + "text": "agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, (2008 est.)" }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "China 21.5%, Canada 13.2%, Mexico 13.2%, Japan 5.9%, Germany 5.5% (2015)" @@ -677,41 +677,36 @@ "text": "$117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $130.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$17.26 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $16.49 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)", + "text": "$17.91 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $17.85 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency" } }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$3.28 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.901 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$3.648 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.28 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$5.269 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.921 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.566 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.269 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { "British pounds per US dollar": { - "text": "0.6528 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.), 0.6324 (2012 est.), 0.624 (2011 est.)" + "text": "0.7391 (2016 est.), 0.6542 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.), 0.6324 (2012 est.)" }, "Canadian dollars per US dollar": { - "text": "1 (2015 est.), 1.275 (2015 est.), 1.1047 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.), 0.9992 (2012 est.), 0.9895 (2011 est)" + "text": "1.331 (2016 est.), 1.2788 (2015 est.), 1.1047 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.), 0.9992 (2012 est.)" }, "Chinese yuan per US dollar": { - "text": "1 (2014 est.), 6.243 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.), 6.3123 (2012 est.), 6.4615 (2011 est.)" + "text": "6.626 (2016 est.) 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.), 6.3123 (2012 est.)" }, "euros per US dollar": { - "text": "(2012 est.), 0.885 (2015 est.), 0.7525 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.), 0.7752 (2012 est.), 0.7185 (2011 est.)" + "text": "0.9214 (2016 est.), 0.885 (2015 est.), 0.7525 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.), 0.7752 (2012 est.)" }, "Japanese yen per US dollar": { - "text": "122.10 (2015 est.), 105.86 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.), 79.79 (2012 est.), 79.81 (2011 est.)" + "text": "107.1 (2016 est.), 121.02 (2015 est.), 105.86 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.), 79.79 (2012 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "4.103 trillion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -811,7 +806,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)" + "text": "4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV station (2008)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".us" @@ -925,7 +920,7 @@ "text": "85 (Australia 1, Bermuda 5, Denmark 31, France 4, Germany 5, Malaysia 2, Norway 17, Singapore 16, UK 4)" }, "registered in other countries": { - "text": "794 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 2, Bahamas 109, Belgium 1, Bermuda 26, Canada 10, Cayman Islands 57, Comoros 2, Cyprus 5, Georgia 1, Greece 8, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 2, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 1, Italy 23, Liberia 53, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 200, Netherlands 16, Norway 10, Panama 90, Portugal 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18, Singapore 36, South Korea 8, Togo 1, UK 14, Vanuatu 2, unknown 6) (2010)" + "text": "794 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 2, Bahamas 109, Belgium 1, Bermuda 26, Canada 10, Cayman Islands 57, Comoros 2, Cyprus 5, Georgia 1, Greece 8, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 2, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 1, Italy 23, Liberia 53, Malta 34, Marshall Isla (2010)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index fbd7adae..c728386b 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "text": "2.3% (2005)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -531,55 +531,55 @@ "text": "Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. ++ ++ A severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - at the time the largest ever - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines below the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data. ++ ++ Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as president in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but has slowed since late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits. ++ ++ The government has taken multiple steps in recent years to deal with these problems. It expanded state intervention in the economy throughout 2012. In May 2012 the Congress approved the nationalization of the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol. The government expanded formal and informal measures to restrict imports during the year, including a requirement for pre-registration and pre-approval of all imports. In July 2012, the government also further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. In October 2013, the government settled long standing international arbitral disputes dating to before and following the 2001 Argentine financial crisis. During 2014, the government continued its expansionary fiscal and monetary policies and foreign exchange and imports controls. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves had dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves. ++ ++ In 2014, the government also took some measures to mend ties with the international financial community, including engaging with the IMF to improve its economic data reporting, reaching a compensation agreement with Repsol for the expropriation of YPF, and agreeing to pay $9.7 billion in arrears to the Paris Club over five years, including $606 million owed to the US. In July 2014, Argentina made its first payment to Paris Club creditors. At the same time, the Argentine Government in July 2014 entered a technical default on its external debt after it failed to reach an agreement with holdout creditors in the US. The FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER government rejected repeated attempts by the court to encourage a negotiated solution with holdouts. Throughout much of 2015, negotiations to repay holdout creditors stalled. The government’s delay in reaching a settlement and the continuation of interventionist policies contributed to high inflation and a prolonged recession. ++ ++ After being elected into office on December 10, President MACRI has taken significant steps to liberalize the Argentine economy. His administration lifted capital controls; floated the peso, negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors, and removed export controls on some commodities." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$972 billion (2015 est.) ++ $960.4 billion (2014 est.) ++ $956.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$879.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $895.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $873.7 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$585.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$541.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.) ++ 0.5% (2014 est.) ++ 2.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-1.8% (2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (2015 est.) ++ -2.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$22,600 (2015 est.) ++ $22,500 (2014 est.) ++ $22,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$20,200 (2016 est.) ++ $20,800 (2015 est.) ++ $20,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 17.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 16.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 14.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "65.8%" + "text": "63.7%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "15.6%" + "text": "16%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.1%" + "text": "1.7%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "11.1%" + "text": "13.2%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-11.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-13.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "10.9%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "29.3%" + "text": "30.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "59.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -589,15 +589,15 @@ "text": "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.1%", + "text": "1.7%", "note": { - "text": "based on private sector estimates (2015 est.)" + "text": "based on private sector estimates (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force": { - "text": "17.47 million", + "text": "17.71 million", "note": { - "text": "urban areas only (2015 est.)" + "text": "urban areas only (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "7.6% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8% (2016 est.) ++ 7.6% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "30%", @@ -633,26 +633,26 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$143.3 billion" + "text": "$115.9 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$173.9 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$141.7 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "50.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 41% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "53.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 50.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "26.5% (2015 est.) ++ 38.1% (2014 est.)", + "text": "42.8% (2016 est.) ++ 26.5% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are derived from private estimates" } @@ -661,25 +661,25 @@ "text": "NA%" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "24.92% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 24.01% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "32.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 24.92% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$52.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $62.88 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$54.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $52.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$150.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $138.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$182.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $183.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$200.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $182.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$34.24 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.58 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $63.91 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$56.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $60.14 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $53.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$16.11 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$7.441 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$12.72 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$15.94 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$56.76 billion (2015 est.) ++ $68.41 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$58.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $56.76 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat" @@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ "text": "Brazil 17%, China 8.6%, US 5.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$57.18 billion (2015 est.) ++ $62.43 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$57.23 billion (2016 est.) ++ $57.18 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics" @@ -697,36 +697,22 @@ "text": "Brazil 22.4%, US 16.3%, China 15.5%, Germany 5.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$25.52 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $31.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$32.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $25.52 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$136.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $140.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$155.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $136.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$94.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $82.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$103.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $94.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$37.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $36.15 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$37.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $37.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - ++ 9.2332 (2015 est.) ++ 8.0753 (2014 est.) ++ 8.0753 (2013 est.) ++ 4.54 (2012 est.) ++ 4.1101 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - ++ 14.92 (2016 est.) ++ 9.2332 (2015 est.) ++ 9.2332 (2014 est.) ++ 8.0753 (2013 est.) ++ 4.54 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "96.4%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.2%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "126 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -816,13 +802,13 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "in 1998 Argentina opened its telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment encouraging the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is improving" + "text": "in 1998 Argentina opened its telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment encouraging the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are ent" }, "domestic": { - "text": "microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; fixed-line teledensity is increasing gradually and mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet services are gaining ground" + "text": "microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; fixed-line teledensity is increasing gradually and mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet services" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 112; 2 international gateways near Buenos Aires (2011)" + "text": "country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 (2011)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index a82af258..a93eab32 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 6 August (1825)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "many previous; latest drafted 6 August 2006 - 9 December 2008, approved by referendum 25 January 2009, effective 7 February 2009; amended 2013; note - in early 2016, a proposed amendment allowing the president and vice-president to run for a third term was defeated in a referendum (2016)" + "text": "many previous; latest drafted 6 August 2006 - 9 December 2008, approved by referendum 25 January 2009, effective 7 February 2009; amended 2013 (2015)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law" @@ -544,55 +544,55 @@ "text": "Bolivia is a resource rich country with strong growth attributed to captive markets for natural gas exports – to Brazil and Argentina. Gas accounts for roughly 50% of Bolivia's total exports and will fund more than half of its 2015 budget. However, the country remains one of the least developed countries in Latin America because of state-oriented policies that deter investment and growth. ++ ++ Following a disastrous economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates in the 1990s. The period 2003-05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large Northern Hemisphere markets. In 2005, the government passed a controversial hydrocarbons law that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company in exchange for a predetermined service fee. The global recession slowed growth, but Bolivia recorded the highest growth rate in South America during 2009 and has averaged 5.3% growth each year since 2009. High commodity prices between 2010 and 2013 sustained rapid growth and large trade surpluses. The global decline in oil prices in late 2014 exerted downward pressure on the price Bolivia receives for exported gas and resulted in lower GDP growth rates and losses in government revenue in 2015. ++ ++ A lack of foreign investment in the key sectors of mining and hydrocarbons, along with conflict among social groups, pose challenges for the Bolivian economy. In 2015, President Evo MORALES expanded efforts to court international investment and boost Bolivia’s energy production capacity. MORALES passed an investment law and promised not to nationalize additional industries in an effort to improve the investment climate." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$74.39 billion (2015 est.) ++ $70.98 billion (2014 est.) ++ $67.31 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$78.35 billion (2016 est.) ++ $75.56 billion (2015 est.) ++ $72.06 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$33.21 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$35.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5.5% (2014 est.) ++ 6.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 5.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,500 (2015 est.) ++ $6,300 (2014 est.) ++ $6,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$7,200 (2016 est.) ++ $7,000 (2015 est.) ++ $6,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 22.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "12.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 13.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.5%" + "text": "18.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.3%" + "text": "20.4%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-2.1%" + "text": "-1.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.9%" + "text": "29%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-36.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-35.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "13.5%" + "text": "13.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "38.6%" + "text": "37.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "53.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "53.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -602,10 +602,10 @@ "text": "mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing, jewelry" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.915 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.993 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2015 est.) ++ 7.3% (2014 est.)", + "text": "7.5% (2016 est.) ++ 7.4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment" } @@ -643,20 +643,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$15.78 billion" + "text": "$15.44 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$18.05 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$17.66 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "47.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "38.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35.2% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "47% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 38.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" } @@ -665,31 +665,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.) ++ 5.8% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "4.5% (31 December 2013) ++ 4% (31 december 2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.07% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 9.69% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.07% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$8.946 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.386 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.572 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $8.946 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$20.19 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $17.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" + "text": "$17.77 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$18.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$22.68 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$9.684 billion (31 December 2013) ++ $7.689 billion (31 December 2012) ++ $6.089 billion (31 December 2011)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.286 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.34 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.923 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$8.197 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.15 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.528 billion (2016 est.) ++ $8.197 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "natural gas, mineral ores, gold, soybeans and soy products, tin" @@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ "text": "Brazil 28.1%, Argentina 16.9%, US 12.1%, Colombia 6.3%, China 5.3%, Japan 4.7%, South Korea 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.069 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.935 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.981 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.069 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, petroleum products, vehicles, iron and steel, plastics" @@ -707,10 +707,10 @@ "text": "China 17.9%, Brazil 16.5%, Argentina 11.8%, US 10.6%, Peru 6.2%, Japan 5.2%, Chile 4.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$13.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $13.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$9.035 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.781 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.035 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$10.56 billion (31 December 2013) ++ $8.809 billion (31 December 2012)" @@ -719,24 +719,10 @@ "text": "$0 (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $0 (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar - ++ 6.91 (2015 est.) ++ 6.91 (2014 est.) ++ 6.91 (2013 est.) ++ 6.94 (2012 est.) ++ 6.9875 (2011 est.)" + "text": "bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar - ++ 6.91 (2016 est.) ++ 6.91 (2015 est.) ++ 6.91 (2014 est.) ++ 6.91 (2013 est.) ++ 6.94 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "90%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "72% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "8.4 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -826,7 +812,7 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "Bolivian National Telecommunications Company was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved" + "text": "Bolivian National Telecommunications Company was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliabili" }, "domestic": { "text": "most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2015, teledensity reached about 95 per 100 persons" @@ -836,7 +822,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "large number of radio and TV stations broadcasting with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio and TV stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in response to their reporting (2010)" + "text": "large number of radio and TV stations broadcasting with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio and TV stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in resp (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bo" diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 09e9e6de..248a5def 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ "text": "2.2% (2007)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "6% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -555,55 +555,55 @@ "text": "Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, and a rapidly expanding middle class, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. Since 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and all three of the major ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. ++ ++ After strong growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. In 2010, consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth reached 7.5%, the highest growth rate in the past 25 years. GDP growth has slowed since 2011, due to several factors, including overdependence on exports of raw commodities, low productivity, high operational costs, persistently high inflation, and low levels of investment. After reaching historic lows of 4.8% in 2014, the unemployment rate remains low, but is rising. Brazil's traditionally high level of income inequality has declined for the last 15 years. ++ ++ Brazil’s fiscal and current account balances have eroded during the past four years as the government attempted to boost economic growth through targeted tax cuts for industry and incentives to spur household consumption. After winning reelection in October 2014 by a historically narrow margin, President Dilma ROUSSEFF appointed a new economic team led by Finance Minister Joaquim LEVY, who introduced a fiscal austerity package intended to restore the primary account surplus (before interest expenditures are included) to 1.2% of GDP and preserve the country's investment-grade sovereign credit rating. LEVY encountered political headwinds and an economy facing more challenges than he anticipated. The target for the primary account surplus fell to a deficit of 2%, and two of the three main credit rating agencies downgraded Brazil to “junk” status. ++ ++ Brazil seeks to strengthen its workforce and its economy over the long run by imposing local content and technology transfer requirements on foreign businesses, by investing in education through social programs such as Bolsa Familia and the Brazil Science Mobility Program, and by investing in research in the areas of space, nanotechnology, healthcare, and energy." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.192 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.32 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $3.317 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3.135 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $3.241 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $3.371 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.773 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.77 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-3.8% (2015 est.) ++ 0.1% (2014 est.) ++ 3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% (2016 est.) ++ -3.8% (2015 est.) ++ 0.1% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,600 (2015 est.) ++ $16,400 (2014 est.) ++ $16,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,200 (2016 est.) ++ $15,900 (2015 est.) ++ $16,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "17.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "63.4%" + "text": "62.5%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "20.2%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "15.8%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.5%" + "text": "-0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "13%" + "text": "13.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-14.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-12.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "5.9%" + "text": "6.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "22.2%" + "text": "21.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "71.9% ++ (2015 est.)" + "text": "72% ++ (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -613,10 +613,10 @@ "text": "textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-6.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "109.2 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "110.4 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "12.6% (2016 est.) ++ 9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.4%", @@ -651,50 +651,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$638 billion" + "text": "$632 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$673.4 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$677.2 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "36% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "66.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "75.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 66.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2016 est.) ++ 9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "10% (31 December 2013) ++ 11% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "43.96% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 32.01% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "47.4% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 43.96% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$85.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $132.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$107 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $85.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$928.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $835.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.644 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.251 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.076 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.644 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.23 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.229 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.546 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$490.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $843.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.02 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$58.91 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$104.2 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$14.11 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$58.88 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$190.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $224.1 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$189.7 billion (2016 est.) ++ $190.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles" @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "text": "China 18.6%, US 12.7%, Argentina 6.7%, Netherlands 5.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$172.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $230.7 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$143.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $172.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics" @@ -712,36 +712,22 @@ "text": "China 17.9%, US 15.6%, Germany 6.1%, Argentina 6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$356.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $363.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$352.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $356.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$542.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $556.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$544.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $542.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$615 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $739.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$673 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $615 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$288.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $299.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$295.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $288.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar - ++ 3.3315 (2015 est.) ++ 2.3535 (2014 est.) ++ 2.3535 (2013 est.) ++ 1.95 (2012 est.) ++ 1.675 (2011 est.)" + "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar - ++ 3.483 (2016 est.) ++ 3.3315 (2015 est.) ++ 3.3315 (2014 est.) ++ 2.3535 (2013 est.) ++ 1.95 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "800,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.5%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "577 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -834,10 +820,10 @@ "text": "good working system including an extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100 persons; less-expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 125 per 100 persons" + "text": "fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100 persons; less-expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population w" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2015)" + "text": "country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central A (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index ecd5f2f8..6d3efd6a 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "text": "0.5% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2014)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -535,55 +535,55 @@ "text": "Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. Exports of goods and services account for approximately one-third of GDP, with commodities making up some 60% of total exports. Copper alone provides 20% of government revenue. ++ ++ From 2003 through 2013, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite the slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Growth slowed to an estimated 2.3% in 2015. A continued drop in copper prices prompted Chile to experience its second consecutive year of slow growth, elevated inflation, and a depreciating currency. ++ ++ Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004. Chile has 22 trade agreements covering 60 countries including agreements with the EU, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico. In May 2010, Chile signed the OECD Convention, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. In October 2015, Chile joined the US and 10 other countries and concluded negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement. The agreement will need to be ratified by the Chilean legislature. ++ ++ The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, accumulating surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allowing deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices and growth. As of 31 October 2015, those sovereign wealth funds - kept mostly outside the country and separate from Central Bank reserves - amounted to more than $22.4 billion. Chile used these funds to finance fiscal stimulus packages during the 2009 economic downturn. ++ ++ In 2014, President Michelle BACHELET introduced tax reforms aimed at delivering her campaign promise to fight inequality and to provide access to education and health care. The reforms are expected to generate additional tax revenues equal to 3% of Chile’s GDP, mostly by increasing corporate tax rates to OECD averages." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$422.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $413.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $406.4 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$436.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $428.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $419.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$240.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$234.9 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$23,500 (2015 est.) ++ $23,200 (2014 est.) ++ $23,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$24,000 (2016 est.) ++ $23,800 (2015 est.) ++ $23,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 20.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 20.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "64.3%" + "text": "64.9%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.4%" + "text": "14.1%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22.7%" + "text": "22%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.3%" + "text": "-0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "30.1%" + "text": "27.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-30.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "32.9%" + "text": "32.4%" }, "services": { - "text": "63.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "63.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -593,10 +593,10 @@ "text": "copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "0.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.635 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.777 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.3% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7% (2016 est.) ++ 6.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.4% (2013)" @@ -628,50 +628,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$50.71 billion" + "text": "$49.52 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$55.89 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$55.74 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "21.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "16.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "18.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.1% (2016 est.) ++ 4.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "3.12% (31 December 2010) ++ 0.5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "5.52% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.1% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 5.52% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$39.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $41.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$45.71 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $39.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$154.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $158 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$188.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $197.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$218.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $188.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$313.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $270.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $341.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$190.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $233.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $265.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$4.765 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.317 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$4.55 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$4.765 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$62.23 billion (2015 est.) ++ $74.92 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$56.32 billion (2016 est.) ++ $62.23 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine" @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ "text": "China 26.3%, US 13.2%, Japan 8.5%, South Korea 6.5%, Brazil 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$58.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $68.58 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$56.86 billion (2016 est.) ++ $58.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas" @@ -689,36 +689,22 @@ "text": "China 23.4%, US 18.8%, Brazil 7.8%, Argentina 4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$38.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $40.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$36.79 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $38.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$156.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $149.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$160 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $156.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$176.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $180 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$194.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $176.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$72.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $81.69 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$89.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $72.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar - ++ 658.93 (2015 est.) ++ 572.39 (2014 est.) ++ 570.37 (2013 est.) ++ 486.49 (2012 est.) ++ 483.67 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar - ++ 673.2 (2016 est.) ++ 658.93 (2015 est.) ++ 658.93 (2014 est.) ++ 570.37 (2013 est.) ++ 486.49 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "70,600" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.6%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "71 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -818,7 +804,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "national and local terrestrial TV channels, coupled with extensive cable TV networks; the state-owned Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) network is self-financed through commercial advertising revenues and is not under direct government control; large number of privately owned TV stations; about 250 radio stations (2007)" + "text": "national and local terrestrial TV channels, coupled with extensive cable TV networks; the state-owned Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) network is self-financed through commercial advertising revenues and is not under direct government control; large num (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".cl" diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 83119a81..abf84b37 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A five-decade-long conflict between government forces and antigovernment insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, but continue attacks against civilians. Large areas of the countryside are under guerrilla influence or are contested by security forces. In November 2012, the Colombian Government started formal peace negotiations with the FARC aimed at reaching a definitive bilateral cease-fire and incorporating demobilized FARC members into mainstream society and politics. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties." + "text": "Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A five-decade-long conflict between government forces and antigovernment insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The insurgents lacked the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government. Large areas of the countryside were under guerrilla influence or contested by security forces. After four years of formal peace negotiations, the Colombian Government signed a peace deal with the FARC in November 2016, which was subsequently endorsed by the Colombian Congress. The agreement calls for members of the FARC to demobilize and be incorporated into mainstream society and politics. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties." } }, "Geography": { @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "text": "3.4% (2010)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -475,16 +475,13 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Clara LOPEZ] ++ Conservative Party or PC [David BARGUIL] ++ Democratic Center Party or CD [Alvaro URIBE Velez, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA] ++ Green Alliance [Jorge LONDONO, Antonio SANGUINO, Luis AVELLANEDA, Camilo ROMERO] ++ Liberal Party or PL [Horacio SERPA] ++ Citizens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN) [Angel ALIRIO Moreno] ++ Radical Change or CR [Carlos Fernando GALAN] ++ Social National Unity Party or U Party [Roy BARRERAS, Jose David NAME]", + "text": "Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Clara LOPEZ] ++ Conservative Party or PC [David BARGUIL] ++ Democratic Center Party or CD [Alvaro URIBE Velez, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA, Carlos HOLMES TRUJILLO, Ivan DUQUE] ++ Green Alliance [Jorge LONDONO, Antonio SANGUINO, Luis AVELLANEDA, Camilo ROMERO] ++ Liberal Party or PL [Horacio SERPA] ++ Citizens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN) [Angel ALIRIO Moreno] ++ Radical Change or CR [Carlos Fernando GALAN] ++ Social National Unity Party or U Party [Roy BARRERAS, Jose David NAME]", "note": { "text": "Colombia has eight major political parties, and numerous smaller movements" } }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { - "text": "Central Union of Workers or CUT ++ Colombian Confederation of Workers or CTC ++ General Confederation of Workers or CGT ++ National Liberation Army or ELN ++ Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC", - "note": { - "text": "FARC and ELN are the two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia" - } + "text": "Central Union of Workers or CUT ++ Colombian Confederation of Workers or CTC ++ General Confederation of Workers or CGT ++ National Liberation Army or ELN" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "BCIE, BIS, CAN, Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -552,55 +549,55 @@ "text": "Colombia's consistently sound economic policies and aggressive promotion of free trade agreements in recent years have bolstered its ability to weather external shocks. Colombia depends heavily on energy and mining exports, making it vulnerable to a drop in commodity prices. Colombia is the world's fourth largest coal exporter and Latin America's fourth largest oil producer. Economic development is stymied by inadequate infrastructure, inequality, poverty, narcotrafficking and an uncertain security situation. ++ ++ Declining oil prices have resulted in a drop in government revenues. In 2014, Colombia passed a tax reform bill to offset the lost revenue from the global drop in oil prices. The SANTOS administration is also using tax reform to help finance implementation of a peace deal between FARC and the government. Colombian officials estimate a peace deal may bolster economic growth by up to 2%. ++ ++ Despite austerity measures put in place by the SANTOS administration, GDP and foreign direct investment fell in 2015, while the El Nino weather phenomenon caused food and energy prices to rise, with inflation spiking to 6.8%. In order to combat inflation, the Central Bank raised interest rates four times during the last four months of 2015, ending the year with a 25 basis point increase to 5.75%. Unemployment has continued to decrease and hit a record low of 8.9% in 2015, but the rate is still one of Latin America's highest. Nevertheless, Colombia’s GDP growth rate makes it the region’s best performer among large economies in 2015. ++ ++ Real GDP growth averaged 4.8% per year from 2010-2014, continuing a decade of strong economic performance, before dropping in 2015. All three major ratings agencies upgraded Colombia's government debt to investment grade in 2013 and 2014, which helped to attract record levels of investment, mostly in the hydrocarbons sector. However, Standard & Poor’s downgraded its long-term outlook from stable to negative in early 2016. The change, due largely to falling government revenues, could cause Colombia to lose its investment-grade bond status. ++ ++ The SANTOS Administration's foreign policy has focused on bolstering Colombia's commercial ties and boosting investment at home. Colombia has signed or is negotiating Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with more than a dozen countries; the US-Colombia FTA went into force in May 2012. The US and Colombia have benefitted from the FTA, but Colombia’s ability to take full advantage of its enhanced access to American markets continues to be constrained by lack of export diversification. Nontariff measures remain a point of contention for bilateral trade relations. Truck scrappage regulation, and restrictions on liquor, pharmaceutical, and ethanol imports are top irritants in the bilateral trade relationship. Colombia is a founding member of the Pacific Alliance - a regional trade block formed in 2012 by Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to promote regional trade and economic integration. In 2013, Colombia began its accession process to the OECD." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$667.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $647.5 billion (2014 est.) ++ $620.3 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$690.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $675.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $655.5 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$293.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$274.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2.2% (2016 est.) ++ 3.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$13,800 (2015 est.) ++ $13,600 (2014 est.) ++ $13,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$14,200 (2016 est.) ++ $14,000 (2015 est.) ++ $13,800 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "63.5%" + "text": "63.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "18.2%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.7%" + "text": "26.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1%" + "text": "0.9%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "14.7%" + "text": "13.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-24.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-22.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6.8%" + "text": "6.9%" }, "industry": { "text": "34%" }, "services": { - "text": "59.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -610,10 +607,10 @@ "text": "textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "24.17 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "24.43 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -627,7 +624,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "8.9% (2015 est.) ++ 9.1% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.5% (2016 est.) ++ 8.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "27.8% (2015 est.)" @@ -645,20 +642,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$82.45 billion" + "text": "$76.06 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$92.49 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$84.23 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "49.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 46% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "50.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 49.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" } @@ -667,31 +664,31 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5% (2015 est.) ++ 2.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.8% (2016 est.) ++ 5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.75% (18 December 2015) ++ 4.75% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11.45% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.87% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "14.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11.45% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$32.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $39.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.29 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $32.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$177.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $161.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$133.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $150.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$148.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $133.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$262.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $201.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $208.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$85.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $146.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $202.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$19.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$19.57 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$14.31 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$18.76 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$38.12 billion (2015 est.) ++ $56.92 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.64 billion (2016 est.) ++ $38.12 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, coal, emeralds, coffee, nickel, cut flowers, bananas, apparel" @@ -700,7 +697,7 @@ "text": "US 27.5%, Panama 7.2%, China 5.2%, Spain 4.4%, Ecuador 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$52.04 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61.55 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$47.15 billion (2016 est.) ++ $52.04 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity" @@ -709,36 +706,22 @@ "text": "US 28.8%, China 18.6%, Mexico 7.1%, Germany 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$46.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $46.81 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$46.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $46.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$107.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $102.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$110.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $107.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$149.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $141.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$161.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $149.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$47.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$50.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $47.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - ++ 2,741.8 (2015 est.) ++ 2,001.1 (2014 est.) ++ 2,001.1 (2013 est.) ++ 1,798 (2012 est.) ++ 1,848 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - ++ 3,051.1 (2016 est.) ++ 2,741.8 (2015 est.) ++ 2,741.8 (2014 est.) ++ 2,001.1 (2013 est.) ++ 1,798 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,200,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "88% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "68 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -828,10 +811,10 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "modern system in many respects with a nationwide microwave radio relay system, a domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations, and a fiber-optic network linking 50 cities; telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of both fixed-line and mobile-cellular services" + "text": "modern system in many respects with a nationwide microwave radio relay system, a domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations, and a fiber-optic network linking 50 cities; telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of b" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line connections stand at about 15 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is about 120 per 100 persons; competition among cellular service providers is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in the market share of fixed-line services" + "text": "fixed-line connections stand at about 15 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is about 120 per 100 persons; competition among cellular service providers is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 57; multiple submarine cable systems provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) (2011)" @@ -972,7 +955,7 @@ "text": "18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation is 18 months (2012)" }, "Military expenditures": { - "text": "3.28% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.06% of GDP (2011) ++ 3.63% of GDP (2010)" + "text": "3.38% of GDP (2015) ++ 3.13% of GDP (2014) ++ 3.29% of GDP (2013) ++ 3.28% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.06% of GDP (2011) ++ 3.63% of GDP (2010)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 7b98f625..ede295aa 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "6.4% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -537,55 +537,55 @@ "text": "Ecuador is substantially dependent on its petroleum resources, which have accounted for more than half of the country's export earnings and approximately 25% of public sector revenues in recent years. ++ ++ In 1999/2000, Ecuador's economy suffered from a banking crisis, with GDP contracting by 5.3% and poverty increasing significantly. In March 2000, the Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and positive growth returned in the years that followed, helped by high oil prices, remittances, and increased non-traditional exports. The economy grew an average of 4.3% per year from 2002 to 2006, the highest five-year average in 25 years. After moderate growth in 2007, the economy reached a growth rate of 6.4% in 2008, buoyed by high global petroleum prices and increased public sector investment. President Rafael CORREA Delgado, who took office in January 2007, defaulted in December 2008 on Ecuador's sovereign debt, which, with a total face value of approximately US$3.2 billion, represented about 30% of Ecuador's public external debt. In May 2009, Ecuador bought back 91% of its \"defaulted\" bonds via an international reverse auction. ++ ++ Economic policies under the CORREA administration - for example, an announcement in late 2009 of its intention to terminate 13 bilateral investment treaties, including one with the US - have generated economic uncertainty and discouraged private investment. China has become Ecuador's largest foreign lender since Quito defaulted in 2008, allowing the government to maintain a high rate of social spending; Ecuador contracted with the Chinese government for more than $9.9 billion in forward oil sales, project financing, and budget support loans as of December 2013. ++ ++ The level of foreign investment in Ecuador continues to be one of the lowest in the region as a result of an unstable regulatory environment, weak rule of law, and the crowding-out effect of public investments. Faced with a 2013 trade deficit of $1.1 billion, Ecuador erected technical barriers to trade in December 2013, causing tensions with its largest trading partners. Ecuador also decriminalized intellectual property rights violations in February 2014. In March, 2015 Ecuador imposed tariff surcharges for 15 months from 5% to 45% on an estimated 32% of imports. In 2014, oil output increased slightly and production remained steady in 2015. In 2015, however, lower oil prices forced CORREA to cut the budget twice, and the government has considered further budget and subsidy cuts for 2016." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$183.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $183.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $176.8 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$182.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $186.6 billion (2015 est.) ++ $186.1 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$98.83 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$99.12 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) ++ 3.7% (2014 est.) ++ 4.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-2.3% (2016 est.) ++ 0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,300 (2015 est.) ++ $11,400 (2014 est.) ++ $11,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,000 (2016 est.) ++ $11,500 (2015 est.) ++ $11,600 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 27.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "23.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 28.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "61%" + "text": "62%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.6%" + "text": "13.3%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27%" + "text": "25.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.4%" + "text": "0.1%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "19.8%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-24.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-20.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6.1%" + "text": "6.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "34.1%" + "text": "34%" }, "services": { - "text": "59.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -595,13 +595,13 @@ "text": "petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "0.3%", + "text": "-3.2%", "note": { - "text": "excludes oil refining (2015 est.)" + "text": "excludes oil refining (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force": { - "text": "4.873 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "4.848 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -611,11 +611,11 @@ "text": "17.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "54.4% (2012)" + "text": "54.4% (2012 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.3% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.6% (December 2013 est)" @@ -639,50 +639,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$33.59 billion" + "text": "$30.9 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$38.68 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$34.9 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "31.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "30.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "33% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 30.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.) ++ 3.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "8.17% (31 December 2011) ++ 8.68% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.33% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 8.12% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.33% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$9.527 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $9.531 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $9.527 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$34.53 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $28.44 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$33.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $31.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $33.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$5.911 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $5.779 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $5.263 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.819 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$567 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.47 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.247 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$19.05 billion (2015 est.) ++ $26.6 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$16.77 billion (2016 est.) ++ $19.05 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp, cacao, coffee, wood, fish" @@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ "text": "US 39.5%, Chile 6.2%, Peru 5.1%, Vietnam 4.3%, Colombia 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$20.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $26.66 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.74 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "industrial materials, fuels and lubricants, nondurable consumer goods" @@ -700,36 +700,22 @@ "text": "US 27.1%, China 15.3%, Colombia 8.3%, Panama 4.9% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$2.496 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.949 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.163 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.496 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$30.79 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.33 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.22 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $30.79 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { "text": "$6.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $6.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001" + "text": "the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001, 1 (2016 est.), 1 (2015 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "92% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "23 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -825,11 +811,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line services provided by multiple telecommunications operators; fixed-line teledensity stands at about 15 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular use has surged and subscribership has reached 80 per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 593; landing points for the PAN-AM and South America-1 submarine cables that provide links to the west coast of South America, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and extending onward to Aruba and the US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)" + "text": "country code - 593; landing points for the PAN-AM and South America-1 submarine cables that provide links to the west coast of South America, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and extending onward to Aruba and the US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; satellite (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "multiple TV networks and many local channels, as well as more than 300 radio stations; many TV and radio stations are privately owned; the government owns or controls 5 national TV stations and multiple radio stations; broadcast media required by law to give the government free air time to broadcast programs produced by the state (2007)" + "text": "multiple TV networks and many local channels, as well as more than 300 radio stations; many TV and radio stations are privately owned; the government owns or controls 5 national TV stations and multiple radio stations; broadcast media required by law to g (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ec" diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index b4d3527b..f7a44f60 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Falkland pounds (FKP) per US dollar - ++ 0.6542 (2015) ++ 0.6391 (2013) ++ 0.6391 (2013) ++ 0.63 (2012) ++ 0.624 (2011)" + "text": "Falkland pounds (FKP) per US dollar - ++ 0.7391 (2016 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2015 est.) ++ 0.6542 (2013) ++ 0.6391 (2013) ++ 0.63 (2012)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index 220da278..9f1790e2 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -517,55 +517,55 @@ "text": "The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in recent years and is based largely on agriculture and extractive industries. The economy is heavily dependent upon the export of six commodities - sugar, gold, bauxite, shrimp, timber, and rice - which represent nearly 60% of the country's GDP and are highly susceptible to adverse weather conditions and fluctuations in commodity prices. Much of Guyana's growth in recent years has come from a surge in gold production in response to global prices, although downward trends in gold prices may threaten future growth. In 2014, production of sugar dropped to a 24-year low. ++ ++ Guyana's entrance into the Caricom Single Market and Economy in January 2006 has broadened the country's export market, primarily in the raw materials sector. Guyana has experienced positive growth almost every year over the past decade. Inflation has been kept under control. Recent years have seen the government's stock of debt reduced significantly - with external debt now less than half of what it was in the early 1990s. Despite recent improvements, the government is still juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. In March 2007, the Inter-American Development Bank, Guyana's principal donor, canceled Guyana's nearly $470 million debt, equivalent to 21% of GDP, which along with other Highly Indebted Poor Country debt forgiveness, brought the debt-to-GDP ratio down from 183% in 2006 to 67% in 2015. Guyana had become heavily indebted as a result of the inward-looking, state-led development model pursued in the 1970s and 1980s. ++ ++ Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.759 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.59 billion (2014 est.) ++ $5.383 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6.093 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.857 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.675 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.164 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.456 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% (2014 est.) ++ 5.2% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,500 (2015 est.) ++ $7,300 (2014 est.) ++ $7,100 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$7,900 (2016 est.) ++ $7,600 (2015 est.) ++ $7,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 3.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "18.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 8.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 5.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "80.1%" + "text": "82.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17%" + "text": "19.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "25.2%" + "text": "25.9%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "50.4%" + "text": "47.9%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-72.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-75.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "20.7%" + "text": "20.6%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.9%" + "text": "33.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "48.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "46.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ "text": "bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "12% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "313,800 (2013 est.)" @@ -610,50 +610,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$818.3 million" + "text": "$899.8 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$863.4 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "$1.036 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "48.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 50.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "53.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 48.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 0.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.) ++ -0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.5% (31 December 2011) ++ 4.25% (31 December 2010)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.83% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.83% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.83% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$631 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $635.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$677.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $631 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.596 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.621 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.492 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.551 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.566 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.492 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$610.9 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $440.4 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $339.8 million (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$151 million (2015 est.) ++ -$388 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$72 million (2016 est.) ++ -$181 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.17 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.167 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.15 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.17 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "sugar, gold, bauxite, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber" @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "US 33.5%, Canada 17.9%, UK 6.7%, Ukraine 4.3%, Jamaica 4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.475 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.791 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.44 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.475 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food" @@ -671,30 +671,16 @@ "text": "US 24.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 24.1%, China 10.8%, Suriname 9.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$600.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $667.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$547.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $600.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { "text": "$2.303 billion (31 December 2013 est.) ++ $1.974 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Guyanese dollars (GYD) per US dollar - ++ 206.5 (2015 est.) ++ 206.45 (2014 est.) ++ 206.45 (2013 est.) ++ 204.36 (2012 est.) ++ 204.02 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Guyanese dollars (GYD) per US dollar - ++ 206.6 (2016 est.) ++ 206.5 (2015 est.) ++ 206.5 (2014 est.) ++ 206.45 (2013 est.) ++ 204.36 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "154,540" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "79%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "75% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -794,7 +780,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government-dominated broadcast media; the National Communications Network (NCN) TV is state-owned; a few private TV stations relay satellite services; the state owns and operates 2 radio stations broadcasting on multiple frequencies capable of reaching the entire country; government limits on licensing of new private radio stations continue to constrain competition in broadcast media (2007)" + "text": "government-dominated broadcast media; the National Communications Network (NCN) TV is state-owned; a few private TV stations relay satellite services; the state owns and operates 2 radio stations broadcasting on multiple frequencies capable of reaching th (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".gy" diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index ef923ccb..88412d01 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -508,55 +508,55 @@ "text": "The economy is dominated by the mining industry, with exports of oil, gold, and alumina accounting for about 85% of exports and 27% of government revenues, making the economy highly vulnerable to mineral price volatility. ++ ++ Economic growth has declined annually from just under 5% in 2012 to 1.5% in 2015. In January 2011, the government devalued the currency by 20% and raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit. As a result of these measures, inflation receded to less than 4% in 2015. ++ ++ Suriname's economic prospects for the medium term will depend on continued commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and to the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. The government's reliance on revenue from extractive industries will temper Suriname's economic outlook, especially if gold prices continue their downward trend." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$9.09 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.077 billion (2014 est.) ++ $8.913 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8.547 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.188 billion (2015 est.) ++ $9.216 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.192 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$4.137 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.) ++ 2.8% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-7% (2016 est.) ++ -0.3% (2015 est.) ++ 1.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,300 (2015 est.) ++ $16,200 (2014 est.) ++ $16,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,200 (2016 est.) ++ $16,500 (2015 est.) ++ $16,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 25.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "57% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 51% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 62.6% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "75.8%" + "text": "65.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11.5%" + "text": "15.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "12%" + "text": "16.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "26.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "25.6%" + "text": "43.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-24.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-40.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6.4%" + "text": "6.7%" }, "industry": { "text": "49.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "43.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "43.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "bauxite and gold mining, alumina production; oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "165,600 (2007 est.)" @@ -598,47 +598,47 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$878 million" + "text": "$469.9 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.259 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$664.3 million (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "11.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "39% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "10% (2013) ++ 9% (2012)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "12.62% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.28% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13.6% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 12.62% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$1.231 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.409 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$882.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.231 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$3.461 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.885 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$2.224 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $2.029 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.653 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.224 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$808 million (2015 est.) ++ -$415 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$174 million (2016 est.) ++ -$808 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.666 billion (2015 est.) ++ $2.149 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.699 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.666 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "alumina, gold, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas" @@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ "text": "Switzerland 21.8%, UAE 14.5%, India 13.9%, Belgium 9.7%, US 8.9%, France 8.1%, Canada 6.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.973 billion (2015 est.) ++ $1.966 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.914 billion (2016 est.) ++ $1.973 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods" @@ -659,18 +659,13 @@ "text": "$330.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $625.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.088 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.235 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Surinamese dollars (SRD) per US dollar - ++ 3.4167 (2015 est.) ++ 3.3 (2014 est.) ++ 3.3 (2013 est.) ++ 3.3 (2012 est.) ++ 3.2683 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Surinamese dollars (SRD) per US dollar - ++ 6.172 (2016 est.) ++ 3.4167 (2015 est.) ++ 3.4167 (2014 est.) ++ 3.3 (2013 est.) ++ 3.3 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "2.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index c97c42bf..e0f3e782 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -529,55 +529,55 @@ "text": "Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. ++ ++ On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. The economy grew rapidly between 2003 and 2008 as growing world demand for commodities combined with high prices and favorable weather to support Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the sixth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. The government reacted by introducing fiscal and monetary stimulus packages. Growth resumed in 2010, and has been erratic, although positive, ever since. Severe drought and outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease led to a drop in beef and other agricultural exports. ++ ++ In addition to the agricultural challenges, political uncertainty, corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to long-term growth." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$60.98 billion (2015 est.) ++ $59.19 billion (2014 est.) ++ $56.52 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$64.12 billion (2016 est.) ++ $61.94 billion (2015 est.) ++ $60.09 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$28.08 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$27.32 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 4.7% (2014 est.) ++ 14% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 3.1% (2015 est.) ++ 4.7% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,700 (2015 est.) ++ $8,600 (2014 est.) ++ $8,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$9,400 (2016 est.) ++ $9,200 (2015 est.) ++ $9,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "17% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 17.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "16.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "67.3%" + "text": "67.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "12.6%" + "text": "12.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "15.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.8%" + "text": "43.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-41.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-39.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "19%" + "text": "17.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "29.5%" + "text": "27.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "51.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "55.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -587,10 +587,10 @@ "text": "sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, base metals, electric power" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.247 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.291 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "6.2% (2016 est.) ++ 5.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "34.7% (2010 est.)" @@ -622,50 +622,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$5.209 billion" + "text": "$5.231 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$5.717 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.687 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "19.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "21.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 19.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "22.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ 3.1% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5.5% (31 December 2012) ++ 6% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "19.74% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 21.19% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "21% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 19.74% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$3.974 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.806 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $3.974 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$9.483 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.546 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$12.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $12.15 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.94 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$962.3 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $958.1 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $42 million (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$515 million (2015 est.) ++ -$127 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$172 million (2016 est.) ++ -$462 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.17 billion (2015 est.) ++ $12.88 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$11.91 billion (2016 est.) ++ $11.17 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "soybeans, livestock feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, wood, leather" @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ "text": "Brazil 31.7%, Russia 9.1%, Chile 7.1%, Argentina 7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$10.07 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.94 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.07 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts" @@ -683,36 +683,22 @@ "text": "Brazil 25.4%, China 23.7%, Argentina 14.8%, US 7.9% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$5.939 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.986 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$6.059 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $5.939 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$14.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.42 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$6.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $5.803 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.114 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $6.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$259 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $233.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$309 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $259 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "guarani (PYG) per US dollar - ++ 5,160.4 (2015 est.) ++ 4,462.2 (2014 est.) ++ 4,462.2 (2013 est.) ++ 4,424.9 (2012 est.) ++ 4,176.1 (2011 est.)" + "text": "guarani (PYG) per US dollar - ++ 5,689.1 (2016 est.) ++ 5,160.4 (2015 est.) ++ 5,160.4 (2014 est.) ++ 4,462.2 (2013 est.) ++ 4,424.9 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "55 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 69563b89..594b55b4 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "3.1% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -537,44 +537,44 @@ "text": "Peru's economy reflects its varied topography - an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, the dense forest of the Amazon, with tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. Peru is the world's second largest producer of silver and third largest producer of copper. ++ ++ The Peruvian economy grew by an average of 5.6% from 2009-13 with a stable exchange rate and low inflation, which in 2013 was just below the upper limit of the Central Bank target range of 1% to 3%. This growth was due partly to high international prices for Peru's metals and minerals exports, which account for almost 60% of the country's total exports. Growth slipped in 2014 and 2015, due to weaker world prices for these resources. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs makes the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices. ++ ++ Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by 28 percentage points since 2002, but inequality persists and continues to pose a challenge for the Ollanta HUMALA administration, which has championed a policy of social inclusion and a more equitable distribution of income. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. The HUMALA administration passed several economic stimulus packages in 2014 to bolster growth, including reforms to environmental regulations in order to spur investment in Peru’s lucrative mining sector, a move that was opposed by some environmental groups. However, in 2015, mining investment fell as global commodity prices remained low and social conflicts plagued the sector. ++ ++ Peru's free trade policy has continued under the HUMALA administration; since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the US, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, Mexico, Japan, the EU, the European Free Trade Association, Chile, Thailand, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, concluded negotiations with Guatemala and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and begun trade talks with Honduras, El Salvador, India, Indonesia, and Turkey. Peru also has signed a trade pact with Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, called the Pacific Alliance, that seeks integration of services, capital, investment and movement of people. Since the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force in February 2009, total trade between Peru and the US has doubled." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$389.1 billion (2015 est.) ++ $376.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $368.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$409.9 billion (2016 est.) ++ $395 billion (2015 est.) ++ $382.5 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$192.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$180.3 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.) ++ 5.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 3.3% (2015 est.) ++ 2.4% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,200 (2015 est.) ++ $12,000 (2014 est.) ++ $11,900 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$13,000 (2016 est.) ++ $12,700 (2015 est.) ++ $12,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 23.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "20.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "63.5%" + "text": "62.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13%" + "text": "13.6%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "24.3%" + "text": "23.5%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "1.6%" + "text": "1.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "21.1%" + "text": "22.3%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-23.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-23.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -582,25 +582,25 @@ "text": "7.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "34.6%" + "text": "34.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "58.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { - "text": "artichokes, asparagus, avocados, blueberries, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mangoes, barley, medicinal plants, quinoa, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, dry beans; poultry, beef, pork, dairy products; guinea pigs; fish" + "text": "artichokes, asparagus, avocados, blueberries, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mangoes, barley, medicinal plants, quinoa, palm oil, mari" }, "Industries": { - "text": "mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture" + "text": "mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery," }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "16.64 million", + "text": "17.12 million", "note": { - "text": "individuals older than 14 years of age (2015 est.)" + "text": "individuals older than 14 years of age (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2015 est.) ++ 5.5% (2014 est.)", + "text": "5.9% (2016 est.) ++ 5.2% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment" } @@ -636,20 +636,20 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$56.71 billion" + "text": "$60.84 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$60.8 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$66.46 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20.1% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "26.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" } @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.)", + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.) ++ 3.5% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average" } @@ -667,37 +667,37 @@ "text": "5.05% (31 December 2012) ++ 5.05% (31 December 2011)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "16.1% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15.74% (31 December 2014 est.)", + "text": "16.1% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 16.1% (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "domestic currency lending rate, 90 day maturity" } }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$29.86 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$32.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $29.86 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$91.26 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $84.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$49.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $48.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$57.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $49.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$153.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $121.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $160.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$56.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $78.84 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $80.98 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$8.431 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$8.091 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$6.801 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$8.374 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$34.16 billion (2015 est.) ++ $39.53 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.09 billion (2016 est.) ++ $34.16 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, alloys" + "text": "copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, allo" }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 22.1%, US 15.2%, Switzerland 8.1%, Canada 7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$36.99 billion (2015 est.) ++ $40.48 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.35 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36.99 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, TV sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines" @@ -706,36 +706,22 @@ "text": "China 22.7%, US 20.7%, Brazil 5.1%, Mexico 4.5% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$61.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $62.51 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$60.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $61.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$67.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $66.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$69.78 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $67.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$86.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $79.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$94.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $86.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$2.815 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.127 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.914 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.815 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - ++ 3.185 (2015 est.) ++ 2.8383 (2014 est.) ++ 2.8383 (2013 est.) ++ 2.64 (2012 est.) ++ 2.7541 (2011 est.)" + "text": "nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - ++ 3.363 (2016 est.) ++ 3.185 (2015 est.) ++ 3.185 (2014 est.) ++ 2.8383 (2013 est.) ++ 2.64 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "2,900,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "73% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "44 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 71e789b6..dae3f991 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -517,55 +517,55 @@ "text": "Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor’s mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net. ++ ++ Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the period 2004-08. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country managed to avoid a recession and keep positive growth rates, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed in 2012-13 as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$71.43 billion (2015 est.) ++ $70.39 billion (2014 est.) ++ $68.01 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$73.93 billion (2016 est.) ++ $73.86 billion (2015 est.) ++ $73.14 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$53.79 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$54.37 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.) ++ 5.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$21,500 (2015 est.) ++ $21,300 (2014 est.) ++ $20,600 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$21,600 (2016 est.) ++ $21,600 (2015 est.) ++ $21,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 18.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "17.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 16.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "66.7%" + "text": "67.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "14.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "19.8%" + "text": "19.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "-0.1%" + "text": "-0.2%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "22.3%" + "text": "22%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-22.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-22.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "6.2%" + "text": "6.3%" }, "industry": { - "text": "25%" + "text": "26.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "68.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "67.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +575,10 @@ "text": "food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "1.725 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "1.736 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2016 est.) ++ 7.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18.6% (2010 est.)" @@ -610,29 +610,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$15.21 billion" + "text": "$14.29 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$17.11 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$15.9 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "66.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 61% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "62.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 66.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover general government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as in" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8.7% (2015 est.) ++ 8.9% (2014 est.)" + "text": "10.2% (2016 est.) ++ 8.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "9% (31 December 2012) ++ 8.75% (31 December 2011)", @@ -641,25 +641,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "15.84% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15.53% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "15.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 15.84% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.022 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.89 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.121 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.022 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$8.568 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $8.919 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$17.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.87 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$175.4 million (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $174.6 million (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $156.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.12 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.494 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.586 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$1.864 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$9.067 billion (2015 est.) ++ $10.34 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.042 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.067 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "beef, soybeans, cellulose, rice, wheat, wood, dairy products; wool" @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ "text": "China 15%, Brazil 14.4%, US 6.5%, Argentina 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.345 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.25 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$9.075 billion (2016 est.) ++ $9.345 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "refined oil, crude oil, passenger and other transportation vehicles, vehicle parts, cellular phones" @@ -677,36 +677,22 @@ "text": "Brazil 18.2%, China 17.4%, Argentina 12.6%, US 9.1%, Germany 4.5%, Nigeria 4.1% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$14.85 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $15.63 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$20.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $19.03 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$21.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $20.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$21.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $21.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$23.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $21.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$153.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $139.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$272.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $153.5 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - ++ 27.52 (2015 est.) ++ 23.246 (2014 est.) ++ 23.246 (2013 est.) ++ 20.31 (2012 est.) ++ 19.314 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - ++ 32.03 (2016 est.) ++ 27.52 (2015 est.) ++ 27.52 (2014 est.) ++ 23.246 (2013 est.) ++ 20.31 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "20,106" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.4%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.7%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93.8% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "13 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -806,7 +792,7 @@ } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2010)" + "text": "mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in Decemb (2010)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".uy" diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 79ecd270..0cae786a 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Under Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, and his hand-picked successor, President Nicolas MADURO, the executive branch has exercised increasingly authoritarian control over other branches of government. At the same time, democratic institutions have deteriorated, threats to freedom of expression have increased, and political polarization has grown. The ruling party's economic policies have expanded the state's role in the economy through expropriations of major enterprises, strict currency exchange and price controls that discourage private sector investment and production, and overdependence on the petroleum industry for revenues, among others. Current concerns include: an increasingly politicized military, rampant violent crime, high inflation, and widespread shortages of basic consumer goods, medicine, and medical supplies. Venezuela assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term." + "text": "Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Under Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, and his hand-picked successor, President Nicolas MADURO, the executive branch has exercised increasingly authoritarian control over other branches of government. At the same time, democratic institutions have deteriorated, threats to freedom of expression have increased, and political polarization has grown. The ruling party's economic policies have expanded the state's role in the economy through expropriations of major enterprises, strict currency exchange and price controls that discourage private sector investment and production, and overdependence on the petroleum industry for revenues, among others. Current concerns include: an increasingly politicized military, rampant violent crime, high inflation, and widespread shortages of basic consumer goods, medicine, and medical supplies." } }, "Geography": { @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "text": "nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%" }, "Demographic profile": { - "text": "Social investment in Venezuela during the CHAVEZ administration reduced poverty from nearly 50% in 1999 to about 27% in 2011, increased school enrollment, substantially decreased infant and child mortality, and improved access to potable water and sanitation through social investment. \"Missions\" dedicated to education, nutrition, healthcare, and sanitation were funded through petroleum revenues. The sustainability of this progress remains questionable, however, as the continuation of these social programs depends on the prosperity of Venezuela's oil industry. In the long-term, education and health care spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new health care jobs with foreigners are slowing development. While CHAVEZ was in power, more than one million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following CHAVEZ's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-03 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela continues to attract immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and health care. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees." + "text": "Social investment in Venezuela during the CHAVEZ administration reduced poverty from nearly 50% in 1999 to about 27% in 2011, increased school enrollment, substantially decreased infant and child mortality, and improved access to potable water and sanitation through social investment. \"Missions\" dedicated to education, nutrition, healthcare, and sanitation were funded through petroleum revenues. The sustainability of this progress remains questionable, however, as the continuation of these social programs depends on the prosperity of Venezuela's oil industry. In the long-term, education and health care spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new health care jobs with foreigners are slowing development. While CHAVEZ was in power, more than one million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following CHAVEZ's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-03 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela has attracted hundreds of thousands of immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and health care. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees. However, since 2014, falling oil prices have driven a major economic crisis that has pushed Venezuelans from all walks of life to migrate or to seek asylum abroad to escape severe shortages of food, water, and medicine; soaring inflation; unemployment; and violence. Tens of thousands of Venezuelans have migrated, often illegally, to Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Chile, Guyana, the Dominican Republic, or taken perilous journeys by raft to Aruba and Curacao. Asylum applications have increased significantly in the US and Brazil in 2016. Although several receiving countries are making efforts to increase immigration restriction and to deport illegal Venezuelan migrants, Venezuelans continue to migrate to avoid economic collapse at home." }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -458,11 +458,11 @@ } }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maximilien SANCHEZ Arvelaiz (since July 2014)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant) (since July 2014); Charge d'Affaires (vacant) (since March 2016)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" @@ -517,55 +517,55 @@ "text": "Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for almost all export earnings and nearly half of the government’s revenue. The country ended 2015 with an estimated 10% contraction in its GDP, 275% inflation, widespread shortages of consumer goods, and declining central bank international reserves. The IMF forecasts that the GDP will shrink another 8% in 2016 and inflation may reach 720%. ++ ++ Falling oil prices since 2014 have aggravated Venezuela’s economic crisis. Insufficient access to dollars, price controls, and rigid labor regulations have led some US and multinational firms to reduce or shut down their Venezuelan operations. Market uncertainty and state oil company PDVSA’s poor cash flow have slowed investment in the petroleum sector, resulting in a decline in oil production. ++ ++ Under President Nicolas MADURO, the Venezuelan Government’s response to the economic crisis has been to increase state control over the economy and blame the private sector for the shortages. The Venezuelan government has maintained strict currency controls since 2003. On 17 February 2016, the Venezuelan government announced a change from three official currency exchange mechanisms to only two official rates for the sale of dollars to private sector firms and individuals, with rates based on the government's import priorities. The official exchange rate used for food and medicine imports was devalued to 10 bolivars per dollar from 6.3 bolivars per dollar. The second rate moved to a managed float. These currency controls present significant obstacles to trade with Venezuela because importers cannot obtain sufficient dollars to purchase goods needed to maintain their operations. MADURO has used decree powers to enact legislation to deepen the state’s role as the primary buyer and distributor of imports, further tighten currency controls, cap business profits, and extend price controls." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$515.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $546.9 billion (2014 est.) ++ $569.1 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$468.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $520.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $555.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$239.6 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$333.7 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-5.7% (2015 est.) ++ -3.9% (2014 est.) ++ 1.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "-10% (2016 est.) ++ -6.2% (2015 est.) ++ -3.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,700 (2015 est.) ++ $18,000 (2014 est.) ++ $19,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,100 (2016 est.) ++ $17,000 (2015 est.) ++ $18,400 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "16% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 28.5% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "24.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 40% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 9.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "77.3%" + "text": "71.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "14.7%" + "text": "18.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "17.9%" + "text": "16.7%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "2.4%" + "text": "1.4%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "5.6%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-21.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-13.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "3.6%" + "text": "4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "33.3%" + "text": "36.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "63.1% (2015 est.)" + "text": "59.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -575,10 +575,10 @@ "text": "agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products, crude oil and petroleum products" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "-8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "14.17 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "14.16 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "10.5% (2016 est.) ++ 6.8% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "32.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -610,53 +610,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$103.7 billion" + "text": "$95.62 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$202.2 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$228.8 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "28.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-41.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-39.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "49.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 57.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "36.7% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 49.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governm" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "121.7% (2015 est.) ++ 62.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "545.9% (2016 est.) ++ 121.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "29.5% (2015) ++ " }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "19.4% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 17.21% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "22.5% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 19.4% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$273.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $259.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$216.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $273.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { "text": "$360 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $196 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$331.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $313.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$260.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $331.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$25.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $5.143 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $3.991 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$18.15 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.598 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$11.21 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$20.36 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$38.45 billion (2015 est.) ++ $74.71 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$28.07 billion (2016 est.) ++ $38.45 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products" @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "text": "US 26.6%, India 13.7%, China 11.7%, Cuba 6.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$36.46 billion (2015 est.) ++ $47.48 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$27.13 billion (2016 est.) ++ $36.46 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products" @@ -674,36 +674,22 @@ "text": "US 18.4%, China 15.3%, Brazil 9.7%, Colombia 5.9%, Mexico 4.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$16.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.43 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $16.37 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$101.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $116.7 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$91.99 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $101.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$32.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $31.73 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.78 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $32.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$30.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $28.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.79 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $30.04 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "bolivars (VEB) per US dollar - ++ 13.72 (2015 est.) ++ 7.335 (2014 est.) ++ 6.284 (2013 est.) ++ 4.29 (2012 est.) ++ 4.289 (2011 est.)" + "text": "bolivars (VEB) per US dollar - ++ 56.57 (2016 est.) ++ 13.72 (2015 est.) ++ 13.72 (2014 est.) ++ 6.284 (2013 est.) ++ 4.29 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "100,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.7%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.8%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98.6% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "124 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -796,14 +782,14 @@ "text": "modern and expanding" }, "domestic": { - "text": "2 domestic satellite systems with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership about 125 per 100 persons" + "text": "2 domestic satellite systems with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Cuba and the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network (2013)" + "text": "country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Cuba and the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in (2013)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed Pan-American channel; state-run radio network includes roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; state-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2014)" + "text": "government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed Pan-American channel; state-run ra (2014)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ve" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 7b225307..665759e0 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN. ++ A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was reelected in August 2009 for a second term. The 2014 presidential election was the country's first to include a runoff, which featured the top two vote-getters from the first round, Abdullah ABDULLAH and Ashraf GHANI. Throughout the summer of 2014, their campaigns disputed the results and traded accusations of fraud, leading to a US-led diplomatic intervention that included a full vote audit as well as political negotiations between the two camps. In September 2014, GHANI and ABDULLAH agreed to form the Government of National Unity, with GHANI inaugurated as President and ABDULLAH elevated to the newly-created position of chief executive officer. The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan. ++ Despite gains toward building a stable central government, the Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan, and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force despite its last two spiritual leaders being killed; it continues to declare that it will pursue a peace deal with Kabul only after foreign military forces depart." + "text": "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN. ++ A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was reelected in August 2009 for a second term. The 2014 presidential election was the country's first to include a runoff, which featured the top two vote-getters from the first round, Abdullah ABDULLAH and Ashraf GHANI. Throughout the summer of 2014, their campaigns disputed the results and traded accusations of fraud, leading to a US-led diplomatic intervention that included a full vote audit as well as political negotiations between the two camps. In September 2014, GHANI and ABDULLAH agreed to form the Government of National Unity, with GHANI inaugurated as president and ABDULLAH elevated to the newly-created position of chief executive officer. The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan. ++ Despite gains toward building a stable central government, the Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan, and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force despite its last two spiritual leaders being killed; it continues to declare that it will pursue a peace deal with Kabul only after foreign military forces depart." } }, "Geography": { @@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "32,080 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east is more densely settled while the south is sparsely populated" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts" }, @@ -172,6 +175,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east is more densely settled while the south is sparsely populated" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "26.7% of total population (2015)" @@ -292,7 +298,7 @@ "text": "2.4% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -349,7 +355,7 @@ "text": "Republic of Afghanistan" }, "etymology": { - "text": "the name \"Afghan\" originally refered to the Pashtun people (today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups), while the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country\"; so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\"" + "text": "the name \"Afghan\" originally referred to the Pashtun people (today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups), while the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country\"; so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -376,7 +382,7 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 19 August (1919)" }, "Constitution": { - "text": "several previous; latest drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004, signed 16 January 2004, ratified 26 January 2004 (2016)" + "text": "several previous; latest drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004, signed 16 January 2004, ratified 26 January 2004; note - a provision in the constitution prohibits changes until 2020 (2016)" }, "Legal system": { "text": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law" @@ -409,7 +415,7 @@ "text": "President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai (since 29 September 2014 ); CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH (since 29 September 2014); First Vice President Abdul Rashid DOSTAM (since 29 September 2014 ); Second Vice President Sarwar DANESH (since 29 September 2014)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet consists of 25 ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly" + "text": "Cabinet consists of 26 ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held in 2 rounds on 5 April and 14 June 2014 (next to be held in 2019)" @@ -423,10 +429,10 @@ "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by district councils to serve 3-year terms, 34 indirectly elected by provincial councils to serve 4-year terms, and 34 nominated by the president of which 17 must be women, 2 must represent the disabled, and 2 must be Kuchi nomads; members serve 5-year terms) and the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (249 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" }, "note": { - "text": "the constitution allows the government to convene a constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils; no Loya Jirga has ever been held, and district councils have never been elected" + "text": "the constitution allows the government to convene a constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it consists of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils; no constitutional Loya Jirga has ever been held, and district councils have never been elected; the president appointed 34 members of the Meshrano Jirga that the district councils should have indirectly elected" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 15 October 2016 (next to be held in October 2021)" + "text": "the Wolesi Jirga’s five-year term expired in 2015, but the president extended its term by decree until elections can be held" }, "election results": { "text": "results by party - NA; seats by party - NA" @@ -444,7 +450,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "note - the Ministry of Justice licensed 84 political parties as of December 2012" + "text": "note - the Ministry of Justice licensed 67 political parties as of September 2015" }, "Political pressure groups and leaders": { "other": { @@ -452,7 +458,7 @@ } }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + "text": "ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -476,7 +482,7 @@ "text": "Ambassador P. Michael MCKINLEY (since 22 December 2014)" }, "embassy": { - "text": "The Great Masood Road, Kabul" + "text": "Bibi Mahru, Kabul" }, "mailing address": { "text": "U.S. Embassy Kabul, APO, AE 09806" @@ -514,25 +520,25 @@ "text": "Afghanistan's economy is recovering from decades of conflict. The economy has improved significantly since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001 largely because of the infusion of international assistance, the recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector growth. Despite the progress of the past few years, Afghanistan is extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs. Criminality, insecurity, weak governance, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the country pose challenges to future economic growth. Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world. ++ ++ The international community remains committed to Afghanistan's development, pledging over $67 billion at nine donors' conferences between 2003 and 2010. In July 2012, the donors at the Tokyo conference pledged an additional $16 billion in civilian aid through 2015. Despite this help, the Government of Afghanistan will need to overcome a number of challenges, including low revenue collection, anemic job creation, high levels of corruption, weak government capacity, and poor public infrastructure. ++ ++ Afghanistan's growth rate slowed markedly in 2014-15. The drawdown of international security forces that started in 2014 has negatively affected economic growth, as a substantial portion of commerce, especially in the services sector, has catered to the ongoing international troop presence in the country. Afghan President Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai is dedicated to instituting economic reforms to include improving revenue collection and fighting corruption. However, the reforms will take time to implement and Afghanistan will remain dependent on international donor support over the next several years." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$62.32 billion (2015 est.) ++ $61.53 billion (2014 est.) ++ $59.46 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$64.08 billion (2016 est.) ++ $62.82 billion (2015 est.) ++ $62.35 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$20.84 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.4 billion (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "2% (2016 est.) ++ 0.8% (2015 est.) ++ 1.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,900 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.) ++ $2,000 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,000 (2016 est.) ++ $2,000 (2015 est.) ++ $2,000 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 30.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "23.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 20% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -575,7 +581,7 @@ "text": "small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.4% (2014 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "7.983 million (2013 est.)" @@ -614,16 +620,16 @@ } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "8.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "9.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-23.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-26.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "21 December - 20 December" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.6% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ -1.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { "text": "15% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 15% (31 December 2014 est.)" @@ -641,7 +647,7 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$872 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.604 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$827 million (2016 est.) ++ $925 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$658 million (2014 est.) ++ $2.679 billion (2013 est.)", @@ -671,24 +677,10 @@ "text": "$1.28 billion (FY10/11) ++ $2.7 billion (FY08/09)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "afghanis (AFA) per US dollar - ++ 61.14 (2015 est.) ++ 57.25 (2014 est.) ++ 57.25 (2013 est.) ++ 46.75 (2011 est.) ++ 46.45 (2010)" + "text": "afghanis (AFA) per US dollar - ++ 61.14 (2016 est.) ++ 61.14 (2015 est.) ++ 61.14 (2014 est.) ++ 57.25 (2013 est.) ++ 46.45 (2010)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "18,999,254" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "43%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "83%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "32% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -726,7 +718,7 @@ "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { - "text": "NA bbl (1 January 2016 es)" + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)" }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)" @@ -781,7 +773,7 @@ "text": "limited fixed-line telephone service; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks" }, "domestic": { - "text": "aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service continues to improve rapidly; the Afghan Ministry of Communications and Information claims that more than 90 percent of the population live in areas with access to mobile-cellular services" + "text": "aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service continues to improve rapidly; the Afghan Ministry of Communications and Information claims that more than 90 percent of the population live in areas with access to mobile-cellu" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 93; multiple VSAT's provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity (2012)" @@ -888,7 +880,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military branches": { - "text": "Afghan National Security Forces: Afghan National Army, Afghan Air Force, Afghan National Police, Afghan Local Police (2016)" + "text": "Afghan National Security Forces: Afghan National Army (includes Afghan Air Force), Afghan National Police, Afghan Local Police (2016)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2016)" diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 537974b1..f7c2341e 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "32.6% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -534,55 +534,55 @@ "text": "Bangladesh's economy has grown roughly 6% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, slow implementation of economic reforms, and the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the services sector, almost half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. ++ ++ Garment exports, the backbone of Bangladesh's industrial sector, accounted for more than 80% of total exports and surpassed $25 billion in 2015. The sector continues to grow, despite a series of factory accidents that have killed more than 1,000 workers, and crippling strikes, including a nationwide transportation blockade implemented by the political opposition during the first several months of 2015. Steady garment export growth combined with remittances from overseas Bangladeshis - which totaled about $15 billion and 8% of GDP in 2015 - are the largest contributors to Bangladesh's sustained economic growth and rising foreign exchange reserves." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$577 billion (2015 est.) ++ $536.5 billion (2014 est.) ++ $496.6 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$628.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $587.7 billion (2015 est.) ++ $550.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$202.3 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$226.8 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.) ++ 6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6.9% (2016 est.) ++ 6.8% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,600 (2015 est.) ++ $3,400 (2014 est.) ++ $3,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$3,900 (2016 est.) ++ $3,700 (2015 est.) ++ $3,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 25.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.2% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "28.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 29.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "72.4%" + "text": "70.3%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "5.4%" + "text": "5.2%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "28.9%" + "text": "28.2%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.7%" + "text": "3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "17.3%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-24.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-23.2% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "15.5%" + "text": "15.1%" }, "industry": { - "text": "28.1%" + "text": "28.6%" }, "services": { - "text": "56.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "56.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -592,12 +592,12 @@ "text": "jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity, natural gas" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "9.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "81.95 million", + "text": "83.59 million", "note": { - "text": "extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances were $15 billion in 2015, 8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances were $15 billion in 2015, 8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2015 est.) ++ 5% (2014 est.)", + "text": "4.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.9% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "about 40% of the population is underemployed; many persons counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages" } @@ -633,50 +633,50 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$20.96 billion" + "text": "$23.78 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$30.75 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$35.32 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "10.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "31.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.3% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "25.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 26.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "5% (31 December 2010) ++ 5% (31 December 2009)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "11.71% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 12.95% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "10.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 11.71% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$21.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $18.99 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$25.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $21.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$107.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $95.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$121.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $106.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$113 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $103 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$128.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $113 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$50.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $41.73 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $23.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.176 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$120 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$131 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.507 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$31.74 billion (2015 est.) ++ $29.92 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.32 billion (2016 est.) ++ $31.74 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather" @@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ "text": "US 13.9%, Germany 12.9%, UK 8.9%, France 5%, Spain 4.7% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$37.63 billion (2015 est.) ++ $37.41 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$39.17 billion (2016 est.) ++ $37.63 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cotton, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, foodstuffs" @@ -694,36 +694,22 @@ "text": "China 22.4%, India 14.1%, Singapore 5.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$27.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $22.31 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$29.77 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $27.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$35.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $34.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$37.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $35.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$12.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $10.03 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$13.24 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$188 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $159 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$343 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $188 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "taka (BDT) per US dollar - ++ 77.947 (2015 est.) ++ 77.641 (2014 est.) ++ 77.614 (2013 est.) ++ 81.86 (2012 est.) ++ 74.152 (2011 est.)" + "text": "taka (BDT) per US dollar - ++ 78.5 (2016 est.) ++ 77.947 (2015 est.) ++ 77.947 (2014 est.) ++ 77.614 (2013 est.) ++ 81.86 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "60,300,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "60%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "90%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "49% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "53 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -819,11 +805,11 @@ "text": "fixed-line teledensity remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly and now approaches 80 telephones per 100 persons" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2015)" + "text": "country code - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighborin (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience share in the large cities; several international radio broadcasters are available (2007)" + "text": "state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience sh (2007)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".bd" diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index dc531330..d9090194 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ "text": "12.8% (2010)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.9% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "7.4% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -477,55 +477,55 @@ "text": "Bhutan's economy, small and less developed, is based largely on hydropower, agriculture, and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than half of the population. Because rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive, industrial production is primarily of the cottage industry type. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India for financial assistance and migrant laborers for development projects, especially for road construction. Bhutan inked a pact in December 2014 to expand duty-free trade with Bangladesh, the only trade partner with which Bhutan enjoys a surplus. ++ ++ Multilateral development organizations administer most educational, social, and environment programs, and take into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. ++ ++ Bhutan’s largest export - hydropower to India - could spur sustainable growth in the coming years if Bhutan resolves chronic delays in construction. Bhutan currently taps only 5% of its 30,000-megawatt hydropower potential and is behind schedule in building 12 new hydropower dams with a combined capacity of 10,000 megawatts by 2020 in accordance with a deal signed in 2008 with India. The high volume of imported materials to build hydropower plants has expanded Bhutan's trade and current account deficits. However, Bhutan and India in April 2014 agreed to begin four additional hydropower projects, which would generate 2,120 megawatts in total. Bhutan also is exploring energy exports to Bangladesh." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$6.385 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.93 billion (2014 est.) ++ $5.573 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6.432 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.066 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.766 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.214 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.085 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6.4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.9% (2013 est.)" + "text": "6% (2016 est.) ++ 5.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.8% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,200 (2015 est.) ++ $7,700 (2014 est.) ++ $7,400 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8,100 (2016 est.) ++ $7,800 (2015 est.) ++ $7,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 33.1% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 19.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "37.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 35% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "47%" + "text": "53.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "17.7%" + "text": "18.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "56.8%" + "text": "64.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "5.5%" + "text": "0%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "44.5%" + "text": "42.4%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-71.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-78.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "17.1%" + "text": "16.4%" }, "industry": { "text": "42.1%" }, "services": { - "text": "40.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "41.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "text": "cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "348,800", @@ -573,53 +573,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$608 million" + "text": "$640.4 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$692.7 million" + "text": "$703.3 million" }, "note": { - "text": "the government of India finances nearly one-quarter of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2015 est.)" + "text": "the government of India finances nearly one-quarter of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "30.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "27.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 30.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "30% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 27.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 8.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.9% (2016 est.) ++ 4.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "NA%" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "13.75% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 14.15% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "13.7% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 13.75% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$669.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $683.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$710.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $669.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.305 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.184 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.25 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.174 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.031 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $893.7 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$929.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.031 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$320 million (31 December 2013) ++ $283.4 million (31 December 2012)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$591 million (2015 est.) ++ -$459 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$579 million (2016 est.) ++ -$581 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$580.3 million (2015 est.) ++ $534.7 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$500 million (2016 est.) ++ $580.3 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "electricity (to India), ferrosilicon, cement, calcium carbide, copper wire, manganese, vegetable oil" @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ "text": "India 83.8%, Hong Kong 10.8% (2013 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$997 million (2015 est.) ++ $928.8 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $997 million (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuel and lubricants, passenger cars, machinery and parts, fabrics, rice" @@ -637,30 +637,16 @@ "text": "India 72.3%, South Korea 6% (2013 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$1.911 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.841 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.261 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.911 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$238 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $204.4 million (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$267.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $238 million (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar - ++ 64.152 (2015 est.) ++ 61.03 (2014 est.) ++ 61.03 (2013 est.) ++ 53.44 (2012 est.) ++ 46.67 (2011 est.)" + "text": "ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar - ++ 68.39 (2016 est.) ++ 64.15 (2015 est.) ++ 64.15 (2014 est.) ++ 61.03 (2013 est.) ++ 53.44 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "187,531" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "76%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "53% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "7.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 67a91701..2809e2ec 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "text": "26.3% (2012)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -521,55 +521,55 @@ "text": "Sri Lanka continues to experience strong economic growth following the end of the government's 26-year conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The government has been pursuing large-scale reconstruction and development projects in its efforts to spur growth in war-torn and disadvantaged areas, develop small and medium enterprises, and increase agricultural productivity. ++ ++ The government's high debt payments and bloated civil service have contributed to historically high budget deficits and low tax revenues remain a concern. Government debt of about 72% of GDP remains among the highest in emerging markets. ++ ++ The new government in 2015 drastically increased wages for public sector employees, which boosted demand for consumer goods but hurt the overall balance of payments and reduced foreign exchange reserves." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$223 billion (2015 est.) ++ $212 billion (2014 est.) ++ $203 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$237.8 billion (2016 est.) ++ $226.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $216.1 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$82.1 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$82.24 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4.5% (2014 est.) ++ 3.4% (2013 est.)" + "text": "5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.9% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$10,600 (2015 est.) ++ $10,100 (2014 est.) ++ $9,700 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$11,200 (2016 est.) ++ $10,700 (2015 est.) ++ $10,300 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "27.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 29.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 29.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "26.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 25.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "68.6%" + "text": "69.4%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "8.8%" + "text": "8.7%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "26.2%" + "text": "26%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.9%" + "text": "3.5%" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "20.5%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-28% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-28.1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "8.7%" + "text": "8.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.7%" + "text": "30.9%" }, "services": { - "text": "60.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "60.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -579,10 +579,10 @@ "text": "processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; tourism, shipping; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining, information technology services, construction" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "8.928 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "9.062 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "4.7% (2015 est.) ++ 4.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.7% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.9% (2010 est.)" @@ -614,53 +614,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$10.75 billion" + "text": "$10.98 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$16.95 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$15.54 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "13.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-5.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "76% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 70.7% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "77.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 76% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "covers central government debt, and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement; sub-national entities are usually not permitted to sell debt instruments" + "text": "covers central government debt, and excludes debt instruments directly owned by government entities other than the treasury (e.g. commercial bank borrowings of a government corporation); the data includes treasury debt held by foreign entities as well as" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2015 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "4.3% (2016 est.) ++ 0.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6% (31 December 2015) ++ 6.5% (31 December 2013)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "6.96% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 7.84% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 6.96% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.963 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.671 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.521 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.963 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$26.79 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.95 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$31.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $28.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$39.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $33.79 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$44.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $39.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$18.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.05 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $19.44 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$20.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $23.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $18.81 billion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$1.681 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.018 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$1.231 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$2.009 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.5 billion (2015 est.) ++ $11.13 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$10.12 billion (2016 est.) ++ $10.5 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "textiles and apparel, tea and spices; rubber manufactures; precious stones; coconut products, fish" @@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ "text": "US 26%, UK 9%, India 7.2%, Germany 4.3% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$18.93 billion (2015 est.) ++ $19.42 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$18.64 billion (2016 est.) ++ $18.93 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, textiles, machinery and transportation equipment, building materials, mineral products, foodstuffs" @@ -678,10 +678,10 @@ "text": "India 24.6%, China 20.6%, UAE 7.2%, Singapore 5.9%, Japan 5.7% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.303 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $8.209 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.303 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$45.47 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $43.61 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$47.65 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $45.47 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$NA" @@ -690,24 +690,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar - ++ 135.86 (2015 est.) ++ 130.57 (2014 est.) ++ 130.57 (2013 est.) ++ 127.6 (2012 est.) ++ 110.57 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar - ++ 146.6 (2016 est.) ++ 135.86 (2015 est.) ++ 135.86 (2014 est.) ++ 130.57 (2013 est.) ++ 127.6 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,334,100" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "94%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "12 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -800,7 +786,7 @@ "text": "telephone services have improved significantly and are available in most parts of the country" }, "domestic": { - "text": "national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area and fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems and mobile cellular subscribership is increasing" + "text": "national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area and fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems and mobile cellular subscribership i" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 94; the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2015)" diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 853cc0ef..0fa8d1ef 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "text": "43.5% (2006)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2013)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Aam Aadmi Party or AAP [Arvind KEJRIWAL] ++ All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J. JAYALALITHAA] ++ All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata BANERJEE] ++ Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI] ++ Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Amit SHAH] ++ Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK] ++ Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) [Prakash KARAT] ++ Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI] ++ Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) [Ram Vilas PASWAN] ++ Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR] ++ Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV] ++ Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV] ++ Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL] ++ Shiv Sena or SS [Uddhav THACKERAY] ++ Telegana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) [K. Chandrashekar RAO] ++ Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU] ++ YSR Congress(YSRC) [Jaganmohan REDDY]", + "text": "Aam Aadmi Party or AAP [Arvind KEJRIWAL] ++ All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J. JAYALALITHAA] ++ All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata BANERJEE] ++ Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI] ++ Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Amit SHAH] ++ Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK] ++ Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) [Prakash KARAT] ++ Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI] ++ Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) [Ram Vilas PASWAN] ++ Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR] ++ Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV] ++ Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV] ++ Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL] ++ Shiv Sena or SS [Uddhav THACKERAY] ++ Telegana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) [K. Chandrashekar RAO] ++ Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU] ++ YSR Congress (YSRC) [Jaganmohan REDDY]", "note": { "text": "India has dozens of national and regional political parties" } @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Navtej SINGH (since 9 November 2016)" + "text": "Ambassador Arun Kumar SINGH (since 18 May 2015)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; telephone: [1](202) 939-7000" @@ -549,55 +549,55 @@ "text": "India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly less than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output but employing less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. ++ ++ India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged under 7% per year from 1997 to 2011. India's economic growth began slowing in 2011 because of a decline in investment caused by high interest rates, rising inflation, and investor pessimism about the government's commitment to further economic reforms and about slow world growth. Rising macroeconomic imbalances in India and improving economic conditions in Western countries led investors to shift capital away from India, prompting a sharp depreciation of the rupee. ++ ++ Growth rebounded in 2014 and 2015, with both years exceeding 7%. Investors’ perceptions of India improved in early 2014, due to a reduction of the current account deficit and expectations of post-election economic reform, resulting in a surge of inbound capital flows and stabilization of the rupee. Since the election, economic reforms have focused on administrative and governance changes largely because the ruling party remains a minority in India’s upper house of Parliament, which must approve most bills. Despite a high growth rate compared to the rest of the world, in 2015, India’s government-owned banks faced mounting bad debt, resulting in low credit growth and restrained economic growth. ++ ++ The outlook for India's long-term growth is moderately positive due to a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. However, India's discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, high spending and poorly targeted subsidies, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration are significant long-term challenges." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$7.965 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $7.421 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $6.92 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$8.721 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $8.103 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $7.534 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.091 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$2.251 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.3% (2015 est.) ++ 7.2% (2014 est.) ++ 6.6% (2013 est.)" + "text": "7.6% (2016 est.) ++ 7.6% (2015 est.) ++ 7.2% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,200 (2015 est.) ++ $5,800 (2014 est.) ++ $5,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$6,700 (2016 est.) ++ $6,300 (2015 est.) ++ $5,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "30.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 31.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 31.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "30.2% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 31.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 32.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "59.6%" + "text": "60.8%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "10.6%" + "text": "11.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "29.3%" + "text": "27.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "3.1%" + "text": "3%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "19%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-22.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-21.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "17%" + "text": "16.5%" }, "industry": { - "text": "29.7%" + "text": "29.8%" }, "services": { - "text": "45% (2014 est.)" + "text": "45.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -607,10 +607,10 @@ "text": "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "7.4% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "501.8 million (2015 est.)" + "text": "513.7 million (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "8.4% (2015 est.) ++ 9.3% (2014 est.)" + "text": "8.4% (2016 est.) ++ 8.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.8% (2010 est.)" @@ -642,29 +642,29 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$193.4 billion" + "text": "$200.1 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$276.4 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$283.1 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "9.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "8.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "52.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 51.9% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "text": "52.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 52.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + "text": "data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as in" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.7% (2014 est.)" + "text": "5.6% (2016 est.) ++ 4.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7.75% (31 December 2014) ++ 7.75% (31 December 2013)", @@ -673,25 +673,25 @@ } }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "10.01% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.25% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.3% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 10.01% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$370.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $345.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$385.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $370.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$1.711 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.612 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.728 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.704 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$1.57 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.494 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.579 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $1.57 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$1.263 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.015 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.616 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$1.516 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.558 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.139 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$26.22 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$26.72 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$31.97 billion (2016 est.) ++ -$22.09 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$272.4 billion (2015 est.) ++ $328.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$271.6 billion (2016 est.) ++ $272.4 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, precious stones, vehicles, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, cereals, apparel" @@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ "text": "US 15.2%, UAE 11.4%, Hong Kong 4.6% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$409.2 billion (2015 est.) ++ $472.4 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$402.4 billion (2016 est.) ++ $409.2 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, precious stones, machinery, chemicals, fertilizer, plastics, iron and steel" @@ -709,36 +709,22 @@ "text": "China 15.5%, UAE 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, Switzerland 5.3%, US 5.2% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$351.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $322.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$359.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $351.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$480.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $463.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$507 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $480.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$296.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $252.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$351.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $296.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$139 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $131.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$149 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $139 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - ++ 64.152 (2015 est.) ++ 61.03 (2014 est.) ++ 61.03 (2013 est.) ++ 53.44 (2012 est.) ++ 46.671 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - ++ 68.3 (2016 est.) ++ 64.152 (2015 est.) ++ 64.152 (2014 est.) ++ 61.03 (2013 est.) ++ 53.44 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "237,400,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "79%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "70% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "1.218 trillion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -828,17 +814,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "supported by recent deregulation and liberalization of telecommunications laws and policies, India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing telecom markets in the world; total telephone subscribership base exceeded 1 billion in 2015, an overall teledensity of roughly 80%, and subscribership is currently growing at roughly 5 million per month; urban teledensity now exceeds 100%, and rural teledensity has reached 50%" + "text": "supported by recent deregulation and liberalization of telecommunications laws and policies, India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing telecom markets in the world; total telephone subscribership base exceeded 1 billion in 2015, an overall teledensi" }, "domestic": { - "text": "mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles, each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT)" + "text": "mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas and 19 telecom circles, each with multiple private service providers and one or more state-owned service providers; in recent years significant trunk capacity" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including SEA-ME-WE-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), SEA-ME-WE-4 with a landing site at Chennai, Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with a landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South Africa - Far East (SAFE) with a landing site at Cochin, the i2i cable network linking to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras), provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice and data traffic; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); 9 gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam (2015)" + "text": "country code - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including SEA-ME-WE-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), SEA-ME-WE-4 with a landing site at Chennai, Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with a landing site at (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "Doordarshan, India's public TV network, operates about 20 national, regional, and local services; a large and increasing number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; in 2015, more than 230 million homes had access to cable and satellite TV offering more than 700 TV channels; government controls AM radio with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000, privately owned FM stations have been permitted and their numbers have increased rapidly (2015)" + "text": "Doordarshan, India's public TV network, operates about 20 national, regional, and local services; a large and increasing number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; in 2015, more than 230 million homes h (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".in" diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index f92c2a7b..e53df45e 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ "text": "17.8% (2009)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2012)" + "text": "5.7% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -432,10 +432,10 @@ "text": "Ambassador Ahmed SAREER (since 11 January 2013)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017" + "text": "801 Second Avenue, Suite 202E, New York, NY 10017" }, "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (212) 599-6195" + "text": "[1] (212) 599-6194 and 599-6195" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (212) 661-6405" @@ -467,25 +467,25 @@ "text": "Maldives has rapidly grown into a middle-income country, driven by tourism development. In 2015, the economy’s growth slowed to 4.8%, mainly due to lower tourism sector growth as tourist arrivals from China declined. However, the slowdown is expected to reverse in 2016. Tourism, construction, transport, and the communications sector accounted for 50% of the output on average. Tourism-related tax receipts increased by 13% in 2015 due to higher tax rates. This increase in dollar tax receipts directly led to higher usable reserves in 2015. The current account deficit widened to $400 million in 2015 due to increases in construction related imports. A large and growing fiscal deficit remains an ongoing economic challenge. ++ ++ In July 2015, Maldives’ Parliament passed a constitutional amendment legalizing foreign ownership of land; foreign land-buyers must reclaim at least 70% of the desired land from the ocean and invest at least $1 billion in a construction project approved by Parliament. ++ ++ Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are near-term challenges facing the government. Over the longer term Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.191 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.094 billion (2014 est.) ++ $4.784 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5.407 billion (2016 est.) ++ $5.249 billion (2015 est.) ++ $5.171 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.13 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$3.27 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2015 est.) ++ 6.5% (2014 est.) ++ 4.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.5% (2015 est.) ++ 6.5% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$14,900 (2015 est.) ++ $14,900 (2014 est.) ++ $14,200 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$15,300 (2016 est.) ++ $15,100 (2015 est.) ++ $15,100 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "12% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 15.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "8.1% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 10.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 16.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -563,11 +563,11 @@ "text": "$960 million" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$1.148 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$1.156 billion (2014 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "30.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "29.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6% of GDP (2014 est.)" @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "text": "calendar year" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.) ++ 2.5% (2014 est.)" + "text": "2.1% (2016 est.) ++ 1.4% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "7% (31 December 2013) ++ 6.96% (31 December 2011)" @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "$555 million (31 December 2011 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$251 million (2015 est.) ++ -$125 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$389 million (2016 est.) ++ -$296 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { "text": "$300.9 million (2014 est.) ++ $331 million (2013 est.)" @@ -627,15 +627,10 @@ "text": "$741.6 million (2014 est.) ++ $792.2 million (2013 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar - ++ 15.25 (2016) ++ 15.365 (2015)" + "text": "rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar - ++ 15.25 (2016 est.) ++ 15.25 (2015)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "300 million kWh (2014 est.)" }, diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index dec74572..cbb3177a 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ "text": "30.1% (2014)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -521,44 +521,44 @@ "text": "Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world, with about one-quarter of its population living below the poverty line. Nepal is heavily dependent on remittances, which amount to as much as 29% of GDP. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for almost 70% of the population and accounting for about one-third of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. ++ ++ Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower, with an estimated 42,000 MW of commercially feasible capacity. Nepal and India signed trade and investment agreements in 2014 that increase Nepal’s hydropower potential, but political uncertainty and a difficult business climate have hampered foreign investment. ++ ++ Nepal was hit by massive earthquakes in early 2015, which damaged or destroyed infrastructure and homes and set back economic development. Political gridlock in the past several years and recent public protests, predominantly in the southern Tarai region, have hindered post-earthquake recovery and prevented much-needed economic reform. Additional challenges to Nepal's growth include its landlocked geographic location, persistent power shortages, and underdeveloped transportation infrastructure." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$70.09 billion (2015 est.) ++ $67.81 billion (2014 est.) ++ $64.35 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$71.52 billion (2016 est.) ++ $71.12 billion (2015 est.) ++ $69.24 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$21.36 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$21.15 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.4% (2014 est.) ++ 4.1% (2013 est.)" + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.) ++ 2.7% (2015 est.) ++ 6% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,500 (2015 est.) ++ $2,400 (2014 est.) ++ $2,300 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$2,500 (2016 est.) ++ $2,500 (2015 est.) ++ $2,500 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "50.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 36.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 38.9% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "37.9% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 43.8% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 45.7% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "78.4%" + "text": "82%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "10.9%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "27.7%" + "text": "25%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "12.9%" + "text": "10.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "11.7%" + "text": "10.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-41.7% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-39.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -566,10 +566,10 @@ "text": "29.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "13.8%" + "text": "13%" }, "services": { - "text": "49.4% (2015 est.)" + "text": "50.4% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ "text": "tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "1.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-6.3% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "15.2 million", @@ -617,17 +617,17 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$4.394 billion" + "text": "$4.848 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$4.179 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$5.452 billion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "text": "30% of GDP (FY 2012/13 est.) ++ 32% of GDP (2013 est.) (FY11/12)" @@ -636,31 +636,31 @@ "text": "16 July - 15 July" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.9% (2015 est.) ++ 8.4% (2014 est.)" + "text": "9.1% (2016 est.) ++ 7.9% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "8% (31 July 2015) ++ 8% (31 July 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "9.8% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.6% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "9.8% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 9.8% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$4.762 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.567 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$5.202 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.762 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$17.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $16.36 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$23.04 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $18.99 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$14.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $13.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$17.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $14.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$11.81 billion (31 October 2015 est.) ++ $9.574 billion (31 October 2014 est.) ++ $5.235 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "$1.067 billion (2015 est.) ++ $908 million (2014 est.)" + "text": "$831 million (2016 est.) ++ $1.067 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$813.1 million (2015 est.) ++ $1.022 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$898.4 million (2016 est.) ++ $813.1 million (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, jute goods" @@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ "text": "India 61.3%, US 9.4% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.511 billion (2015 est.) ++ $7.581 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$7.116 billion (2016 est.) ++ $6.511 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine" @@ -678,10 +678,10 @@ "text": "India 61.5%, China 15.4% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$7.945 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $6.034 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$8.054 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $7.945 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$4.609 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $4.01 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$4.99 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $4.609 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { "text": "$103 million (31 July 2013 est.)" @@ -690,24 +690,10 @@ "text": "$NA" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar - ++ 102.405 (2015 est.) ++ 97.55 (2014 est.) ++ 99.53 (2013 est.) ++ 85.2 (2012 est.) ++ 74.02 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar - ++ 108.8 (2016 est.) ++ 102.41 (2015 est.) ++ 102.41 (2014 est.) ++ 99.53 (2013 est.) ++ 85.2 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "6,600,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "76%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "72% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "3.8 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -916,7 +902,7 @@ "text": "40,700 (remaining from ten-year Maoist insurgency that officially ended in 2006; figure does not include people displaced since 2007 by inter-communal violence and insecurity in the Terai region; 2015 earthquakes) (2015)" }, "stateless persons": { - "text": "undetermined (2015); note - the UNHCR is working with the Nepali Government to address the large number of individuals lacking citizenship certificates in Nepal; smaller numbers of Bhutanese Hindu refugees of Nepali origin (the Lhotsampa) who were stripped of Bhutanese nationality and forced to flee their country in the late 1980s and early 1990s - and undocumented Tibetan refugees who arrived in Nepal prior to the 1990s - are considered stateless" + "text": "undetermined (2015); note - the UNHCR is working with the Nepali Government to address the large number of individuals lacking citizenship certificates in Nepal; smaller numbers of Bhutanese Hindu refugees of Nepali origin (the Lhotshampa) who were stripped of Bhutanese nationality and forced to flee their country in the late 1980s and early 1990s - and undocumented Tibetan refugees who arrived in Nepal prior to the 1990s - are considered stateless" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index a4cffae2..462018b1 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ "Irrigated land": { "text": "202,000 sq km (2012)" }, + "Population - distribution": { + "text": "the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated" + }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)" }, @@ -177,6 +180,9 @@ "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)" }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "38.8% of total population (2015)" @@ -303,7 +309,7 @@ "text": "31.6% (2013)" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2015)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -455,7 +461,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Awami National Party or ANP [Mian Iftikhar HUSSAIN] ++ Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Mir Israr Ullah ZEHRI] ++ Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Akhtar Jan MENGAL] ++ Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Sirajul HAQ] ++ Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN] ++ Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN] ++ Pakhtun khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI] ++ Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO or Syed Shah Mardan SHAH-II] ++ Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF] ++ Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI and Asif Ali ZARDARI] ++ Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN] ++ Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO] ++ ", + "text": "Awami National Party or ANP [Mian Iftikhar HUSSAIN] ++ Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Mir Israr Ullah ZEHRI] ++ Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Akhtar Jan MENGAL] ++ Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Sirajul HAQ] ++ Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN] ++ Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Farooq SATTAR] ++ Pakhtun khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI] ++ Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO or Syed Shah Mardan SHAH-II] ++ Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF] ++ Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI and Asif Ali ZARDARI] ++ Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN] ++ Pak Sarzameen Party or PSP [Mustafa KAMAL] ++ Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO] ++ ", "note": { "text": "political alliances in Pakistan shift frequently" } @@ -473,13 +479,13 @@ "text": "Ambassador Jalil Abbas JILANI (since 10 March 2014)" }, "chancery": { - "text": "3517 International Court, Washington, DC 20008" + "text": "3517 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 243-6500" }, "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 686-1544" + "text": "[1] (202) 686-1534" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York" @@ -534,55 +540,61 @@ "text": "Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population. Nevertheless, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for more than one-fourth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan’s GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012. Official unemployment was 6.5% in 2015, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region. ++ ++ In coordination with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pakistan embarked on an economic reform program in 2013. While the reform process has been mixed, and issues like privatization of state-owned enterprises remain unresolved, Pakistan has restored macroeconomic stability, improved its credit rating, and boosted growth. The Pakistani rupee, after heavy depreciation, remained relatively stable against the US dollar in 2014-15. Remittances from overseas workers, averaging more than $1.5 billion a month, are a key revenue source for Pakistan, partly compensating for a lack of foreign investment and a slowdown in portfolio investment. Falling global oil prices in 2015 contributed to a narrowing current account deficit and lower inflation, despite weak export performance. Pakistan’s program with the IMF – a three-year, $6.7 billion Extended Fund Facility focusing on reducing energy shortages, stabilizing public finances, expanding revenue, and improving the external balance – is slated to conclude in September 2016. While passing most quantitative targets, Pakistan has missed targets on structural reforms and performance criteria throughout the program. ++ ++ Pakistan remains stuck in a low-income, low-growth trap, with growth averaging about 3.5% per year from 2008 to 2013. Pakistan must address long-standing issues related to government revenues, with the tax base being narrow at 11% of GDP. Given demographic challenges, Pakistan’s leadership will be pressed to implement economic reforms, promote further development of the energy sector, and attract foreign investment to support sufficient economic growth necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, much of which is under the age of 25. Other long-term challenges include expanding investment in education and healthcare, adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters, improving the country’s business climate, and reducing dependence on foreign donors. Pakistan and China are implementing the “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor”, a $46 billion investment program targeted towards the energy sector and other infrastructure project that Islamabad and Beijing had agreed on in early 2014." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$931 billion (2015 est.) ++ $893.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $858.5 billion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$988.2 billion (2016 est.) ++ $943.8 billion (2015 est.) ++ $907.2 billion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars ++ data are for fiscal years" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$270 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$271.1 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2015 est.) ++ 4% (2014 est.) ++ 3.7% (2013 est.)" + "text": "4.7% (2016 est.) ++ 4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.)", + "note": { + "text": "data are for fiscal years" + } }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,000 (2015 est.) ++ $4,900 (2014 est.) ++ $4,800 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$5,100 (2016 est.) ++ $5,000 (2015 est.) ++ $4,900 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars ++ data are for fiscal years" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "14.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 12.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "14.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 14.5% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 13.4% of GDP (2014 est.)", + "note": { + "text": "data are for fiscal years" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "80%" + "text": "80.1%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "11%" + "text": "11.8%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "13.9%" + "text": "13.6%" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "1.6%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "10.6%" + "text": "8.7%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-17% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-15.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { - "text": "25.1%" + "text": "25.2%" }, "industry": { - "text": "20%" + "text": "19.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "54.9% (2015 est.)" + "text": "55.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Agriculture - products": { @@ -592,12 +604,12 @@ "text": "textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" + "text": "6.8% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "63.34 million", + "text": "65.1 million", "note": { - "text": "extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2015 est.)" + "text": "extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2016 est.)" } }, "Labor force - by occupation": { @@ -612,7 +624,7 @@ } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2015 est.) ++ 6.3% (2014 est.)", + "text": "6.7% (2016 est.) ++ 6.4% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "substantial underemployment exists" } @@ -633,50 +645,53 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$38.25 billion" + "text": "$41.77 billion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$52.43 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$54.63 billion" + }, + "note": { + "text": "data are for fiscal years (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "15.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "57.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 56% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "58.5% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 57.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.5% (2015 est.) ++ 7.2% (2014 est.)" + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) ++ 2.5% (2015 est.)" }, "Central bank discount rate": { "text": "6% (15 November 2015) ++ 9.5% (18 December 2014)" }, "Commercial bank prime lending rate": { - "text": "8.37% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 10.51% (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "6.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 8.37% (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$89.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $79.67 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$100.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $89.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$107 billion (31 October 2015 est.) ++ $97.95 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$122.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $109.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$127.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $119.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$142.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $127.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { "text": "$43.68 billion (31 December 2012 est.) ++ $32.76 billion (31 December 2011 est.) ++ $38.17 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" }, "Current account balance": { - "text": "-$2.627 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$3.13 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "-$2.627 billion (2015 est.) ++ -$2.627 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$22.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.78 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.96 billion (2016 est.) ++ $22.73 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sporting goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs" @@ -685,7 +700,7 @@ "text": "US 13.1%, UAE 9.1%, Afghanistan 9.1%, China 8.8%, UK 5.4%, Germany 4.9% (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$39.29 billion (2015 est.) ++ $42.65 billion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$38.25 billion (2016 est.) ++ $39.29 billion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea" @@ -694,36 +709,22 @@ "text": "China 28.1%, Saudi Arabia 10.9%, UAE 10.8%, Kuwait 5.6% (2015)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "text": "$20.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $14.29 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$20.53 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $20.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$60.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $62.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$64.04 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $60.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$31.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $32.64 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$33.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $31.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$2.009 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $1.784 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$2.059 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $2.009 billion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - ++ 102.769 (FY2015 est.) ++ 101.1 (FY2014 est.) ++ 101.1 (FY2013 est.) ++ 93.4 (2012 est.) ++ 86.3434 (2011 est.)" + "text": "Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - ++ 105.1 (2016 est.) ++ 102.769 (FY2015 est.) ++ 102.769 (FY2014 est.) ++ 101.1 (FY2013 est.) ++ 93.4 (2012 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "49,500,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "73%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "62% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "100 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -813,17 +814,17 @@ }, "Telephone system": { "general assessment": { - "text": "the telecommunications infrastructure is improving, with investments in mobile-cellular networks increasing, but fixed-line subscriptions declining; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks; 3G and 4G mobile services introduced" + "text": "the telecommunications infrastructure is improving, with investments in mobile-cellular networks increasing, but fixed-line subscriptions declining; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networ" }, "domestic": { - "text": "mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed; more than 90% of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage; fiber-optic networks are being constructed throughout the country to increase broadband access, though broadband penetration in Pakistan is still relatively low" + "text": "mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed; more than 90% of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage; fiber-optic networks are being constructed throughout the country to increase broadband access, though broadband penetration in Pa" }, "international": { - "text": "country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2015)" + "text": "country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international (2015)" } }, "Broadcast media": { - "text": "media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 8 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40 stations; nearly 100 commercially licensed, privately owned radio stations provide programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2015)" + "text": "media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 8 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the sta (2015)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".pk" diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 62b339b7..db5dc986 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -334,44 +334,44 @@ "text": "The international financial crisis of 2008-09 led to the first downturn in global output since 1946 and presented the world with a major new challenge: determining what mix of fiscal and monetary policies to follow to restore growth and jobs, while keeping inflation and debt under control. Financial stabilization and stimulus programs that started in 2009-11, combined with lower tax revenues in 2009-10, required most countries to run large budget deficits. Treasuries issued new public debt - totaling $9.1 trillion since 2008 - to pay for the additional expenditures. To keep interest rates low, most central banks monetized that debt, injecting large sums of money into their economies - between December 2008 and December 2013 the global money supply increased by more than 35%. Governments are now faced with the difficult task of spurring current growth and employment without saddling their economies with so much debt that they sacrifice long-term growth and financial stability. When economic activity picks up, central banks will confront the difficult task of containing inflation without raising interest rates so high they snuff out further growth. ++ ++ Fiscal and monetary data for 2013 are currently available for 180 countries, which together account for 98.5% of world GDP. Of the 180 countries, 82 pursued unequivocally expansionary policies, boosting government spending while also expanding their money supply relatively rapidly - faster than the world average of 3.1%; 28 followed restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, reducing government spending and holding money growth to less than the 3.1% average; and the remaining 70 followed a mix of counterbalancing fiscal and monetary policies, either reducing government spending while accelerating money growth, or boosting spending while curtailing money growth. ++ ++ (For more information, see attached spreadsheet, Fiscal and Monetary Data, 2008-2012.) ++ ++ In 2013, for many countries the drive for fiscal austerity that began in 2011 abated. While 5 out of 6 countries slowed spending in 2012, only 1 in 2 countries slowed spending in 2013. About 1 in 3 countries actually lowered the level of their expenditures. The global growth rate for government expenditures increased from 1.6% in 2012 to 5.1% in 2013, after falling from a 10.1% growth rate in 2011. On the other hand, nearly 2 out of 3 central banks tightened monetary policy in 2013, decelerating the rate of growth of their money supply, compared with only 1 out of 3 in 2012. Roughly 1 of 4 central banks actually withdrew money from circulation, an increase from 1 out of 7 in 2012. Growth of the global money supply, as measured by the narrowly defined M1, slowed from 8.7% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010 to 5.2% in 2011, 4.6% in 2012, and 3.1% in 2013. Several notable shifts occurred in 2013. By cutting government expenditures and expanding money supplies, the US and Canada moved against the trend in the rest of the world. France reversed course completely. Rather than reducing expenditures and money as it had in 2012, it expanded both. Germany reversed its fiscal policy, sharply expanding federal spending, while continuing to grow the money supply. South Korea shifted monetary policy into high gear, while maintaining a strongly expansionary fiscal policy. Japan, however, continued to pursue austere fiscal and monetary policies. ++ ++ Austere economic policies have significantly affected economic performance. The global budget deficit narrowed to roughly $2.7 trillion in 2012 and $2.1 trillion in 2013, or 3.8% and 2.5% of World GDP, respectively. But growth of the world economy slipped from 5.1% in 2010 and 3.7% in 2011, to just 3.1% in 2012, and 2.9% in 2013. ++ ++ Countries with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies achieved significantly higher rates of growth, higher growth of tax revenues, and greater success reducing the public debt burden than those countries that chose contractionary policies. In 2013, the 82 countries that followed a pro-growth approach achieved a median GDP growth rate of 4.7%, compared to 1.7% for the 28 countries with restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, a difference of 3 percentage points. Among the 82, China grew 7.7%, Philippines 6.8%, Malaysia 4.7%, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia 3.6%, Argentina 3.5%, South Korea 2.8%, and Russia 1.3%, while among the 28, Brazil grew 2.3%, Japan 2.0%, South Africa 2.0%, Netherlands -0.8%, Croatia -1.0%, Iran -1.5%, Portugal -1.8%, Greece -3.8%, and Cyprus -8.7%. ++ ++ Faster GDP growth and lower unemployment rates translated into increased tax revenues and a less cumbersome debt burden. Revenues for the 82 expansionary countries grew at a median rate of 10.7%, whereas tax revenues fell at a median rate of 6.8% for the 28 countries that chose austere economic policies. Budget balances improved for about three-quarters of the 28, but, for most, debt grew faster than GDP, and the median level of their public debt as a share of GDP increased 9.1 percentage points, to 59.2%. On the other hand, budget balances deteriorated for most of the 82 pro-growth countries, but GDP growth outpaced increases in debt, and the median level of public debt as a share of GDP increased just 1.9%, to 39.8%. ++ ++ The world recession has suppressed inflation rates - world inflation declined 1.0 percentage point in 2012 to about 4.1% and 0.2 percentage point to 3.9% in 2013. In 2013 the median inflation rate for the 82 pro-growth countries was 1.3 percentage points higher than that for the countries that followed more austere fiscal and monetary policies. Overall, the latter countries also improved their current account balances by shedding imports; as a result, current account balances deteriorated for most of the countries that pursued pro-growth policies. Slow growth of world income continued to hold import demand in check and crude oil prices fell. Consequently, the dollar value of world trade grew just 1.3% in 2013. ++ ++ Beyond the current global slowdown, the world faces several long standing economic challenges. The addition of 80 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, waste-disposal, epidemics, water-shortages, famine, over-fishing of oceans, deforestation, desertification, and depletion of non-renewable resources. The nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, services, funds, and technology. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, has created economic risks because the participating nations have varying income levels and growth rates, and hence, require a different mix of monetary and fiscal policies. Governments, especially in Western Europe, face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries are unable to devote sufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a growing risk to global prosperity - the diversion of resources away from capital investments to counter-terrorism programs. ++ ++ Despite these vexing problems, the world economy also shows great promise. Technology has made possible further advances in a wide range of fields, from agriculture, to medicine, alternative energy, metallurgy, and transportation. Improved global communications have greatly reduced the costs of international trade, helping the world gain from the international division of labor, raise living standards, and reduce income disparities among nations. Much of the resilience of the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis resulted from government and central bank leaders around the globe working in concert to stem the financial onslaught, knowing well the lessons of past economic failures." }, "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$114.2 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $110.9 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $107.5 trillion (2013 est.)", + "text": "$119.4 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $116 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $112.5 trillion (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "SGWP (gross world product): $73.7 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "SGWP (gross world product): $75.73 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.) ++ 3.2% (2014 est.) ++ 3.3% (2013 est.)" + "text": "3% (2016 est.) ++ 3% (2014 est.) ++ 3.3% (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,700 (2015 est.) ++ $16,800 (2014 est.) ++ $16,500 (2013 est.)", + "text": "$16,300 (2016 est.) ++ $17,600 (2015 est.) ++ $17,200 (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "data are in 2015 US dollars" + "text": "data are in 2016 dollars" } }, "Gross national saving": { - "text": "26.6% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 26.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 26.7% of GDP (2013 est.)" + "text": "26.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 27.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 27.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { - "text": "57.1%" + "text": "57.2%" }, "government consumption": { - "text": "16.2%" + "text": "16.4%" }, "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "25.4%" + "text": "25.3%" }, "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.7%" + "text": "0.8%" }, "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "29.1%" + "text": "28.1%" }, "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-28.5% (2015 est.)" + "text": "-27.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -379,34 +379,34 @@ "text": "6.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "30.4%" + "text": "30.3%" }, "services": { - "text": "62.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "62.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "Industries": { - "text": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new technologies is complicating already grim environmental problems" + "text": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adju" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2015 est.)" + "text": "2.5% (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "3.395 billion (2015 est.)" + "text": "3.435 billion (2016 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { - "text": "34.3%" + "text": "34.4%" }, "industry": { - "text": "22.3%" + "text": "22.2%" }, "services": { - "text": "43.4% (2011 est.)" + "text": "43.4% (2011)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { - "text": "8.3% (2015 est.) ++ 7.8% (2014 est.)", + "text": "8.6% (2016 est.) ++ 7.6% (2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment (2007 est.)" } @@ -424,41 +424,41 @@ }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "$20.3 trillion" + "text": "$20.31 trillion" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "$22.52 trillion (2015 est.)" + "text": "$22.79 trillion (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "26.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "text": "-3.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Public debt": { - "text": "58.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 58.1% of GDP (2014 est.)" + "text": "60.3% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 58.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "world average: 3.6% (2015 est.) 0.2% (2014 est.) ++ developed countries: 5.4% (2015 est.) 0.3% (2014 est.) ++ developing countries: 5.7% (2015 est.) 4.7% (2014 est.)", + "text": "world average: 3.6% (2015 est.) 0.9% (2016 est.) ++ developed countries: 5.4% (2015 est.) 0.3% (2014 est.) ++ developing countries: 5.7% (2015 est.) 4.7% (2014 est.)", "note": { - "text": "the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 4% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries and by soft demand due to the world financial crisis" + "text": "the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 4% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for" } }, "Stock of narrow money": { - "text": "$27.83 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $26.83 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$30.7 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $27.83 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of broad money": { - "text": "$81.29 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $78.44 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$84.98 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $80.94 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of domestic credit": { - "text": "$95.11 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $94.9 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$101.9 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $95.09 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Market value of publicly traded shares": { - "text": "$59.93 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $54.49 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $56.6 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" + "text": "$66.79 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $67.47 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $67.16 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$16.3 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $18.75 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.64 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $16.3 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services", @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ } }, "Imports": { - "text": "$15.97 trillion (2015 est.) ++ $18.21 trillion (2014 est.)" + "text": "$15.34 trillion (2016 est.) ++ $15.97 trillion (2015 est.)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services", @@ -476,33 +476,19 @@ } }, "Debt - external": { - "text": "$76.92 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $77.28 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)", + "text": "$75.74 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $74.28 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)", "note": { "text": "this figure is the sum total of all countries' external debt, both public and private" } }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": { - "text": "$26.24 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $25.37 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$28 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $26.18 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" }, "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": { - "text": "$27.86 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $27.04 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)" + "text": "$29.57 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $27.77 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)" } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1,201,000,000" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "83%" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "95%" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "70% (2013)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "22.75 trillion kWh (2014 est.)" }, @@ -516,7 +502,7 @@ "text": "723.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { - "text": "5.847 billion kW (2012 est.)" + "text": "6.142 billion kW (2014 est.)" }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "65.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" @@ -555,22 +541,22 @@ "text": "26.06 million bbl/day (2013 est.)" }, "Natural gas - production": { - "text": "3.43 trillion cu m (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.498 trillion cu m (2014 est.)" }, "Natural gas - consumption": { - "text": "3.42 trillion cu m (2013 est.)" + "text": "3.51 trillion cu m (2014 est.)" }, "Natural gas - exports": { - "text": "1.136 trillion cu m (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.123 trillion cu m (2013 est.)" }, "Natural gas - imports": { - "text": "1.449 trillion cu m (2013 est.)" + "text": "1.469 trillion cu m (2013 est.)" }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { - "text": "191.4 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 es)" + "text": "197.2 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es)" }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { - "text": "34.18 billion Mt (2012 est.)" + "text": "32.82 billion Mt (2013 est.)" } }, "Communications": {