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Gerald Bauer
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239 changed files with 8200 additions and 10061 deletions
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@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
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"text": "28.7% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "6.8% of GDP (2012)"
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"text": "8.3% of GDP (2013)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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@ -368,7 +368,12 @@
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"text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1964); Republic Day, 13 December (1974)"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)"
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"history": {
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"text": "many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964"
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},
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"amendments": {
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"text": "proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of \"Acts\" requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House of Representatives and assent by the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law (based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes)"
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@ -433,7 +438,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alternativa Demokratika or AD (Green Party) [Arnold CASSOLA] ++ Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT] ++ Nationalist Party or PN [Simon BUSUTTIL]"
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"text": "Alternattiva Demokratika or AD (Green Party) [Arnold CASSOLA] ++ Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT] ++ Nationalist Party or PN [Simon BUSUTTIL]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "Alliance of Liberal Democrats Malta (Alleanza Liberali-Demokratika Malta) or ALDM (for divorce, abortion, gay marriage, women's rights) ++ Alliance for Change (Alleanza Bidla) (Euros-septic) ++ Together for a Better Environment (Flimkien Ghal-Ambjent Ahjar) or FAA (pro-environment) ++ ",
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@ -498,44 +503,44 @@
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"text": "Malta - the smallest economy in the euro zone - produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has few domestic energy sources. Malta's economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism. Malta joined the EU in 2004 and adopted the euro on 1 January 2008. ++ ++ Malta has weathered the euro-zone crisis better than most EU member states due to a low debt-to-GDP ratio and financially sound banking sector. It has low unemployment relative to other European countries, and growth has recovered since the 2009 recession. In 2014 and 2015, Malta led the euro zone in growth, expanding by nearly 3.5% each year. ++ ++ Malta’s services sector continued to grow in 2015, with noted increases in the financial services and online gaming sectors. Malta continues to enhance its regulation of the financial services sector, and passed additional legislation in 2014 and 2015 to improve anti-money laundering oversight for financial and gaming activities. Expanding EU discussions of anti-tax avoidance measures, including the “Anti-Tax Avoidance Package” submitted in early 2016, have raised concerns among Malta’s financial services and insurance providers about passage of laws governing EU tax practices, which could have a significant impact on those sectors. ++ ++ Malta’s 2015 GDP growth was bolstered by energy infrastructure investments, and revenue growth is expected to continue, supported by a strong labor market and proceeds from a citizenship by investment program equal to roughly 0.9% of GDP. Malta's geographic position between Europe and North Africa makes it a route for irregular migration. Historically, Malta's fertility rate has been below the EU average, and population growth in recent years has been largely from immigration, increasing pressure on the pension system. The government has implemented new programs, including free childcare, to encourage increased labor participation. The high cost of borrowing and small labor market remain potential constraints to future economic growth."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$15.38 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $14.03 billion (2013 est.)",
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"text": "$16.32 billion (2016 est.) ++ $15.68 billion (2015 est.) ++ $14.77 billion (2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$9.801 billion (2015 est.)"
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"text": "$10.46 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.) ++ 4% (2013 est.)"
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"text": "4.1% (2016 est.) ++ 6.2% (2015 est.) ++ 3.5% (2014 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
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"text": "$35,900 (2015 est.) ++ $34,300 (2014 est.) ++ $33,300 (2013 est.)",
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"text": "$37,900 (2016 est.) ++ $36,500 (2015 est.) ++ $34,700 (2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
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}
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"text": "34.2% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.7% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.9% of GDP (2013 est.)"
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"text": "31.8% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 34.7% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 21.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - composition, by end use": {
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"household consumption": {
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"text": "52.9%"
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"text": "52.4%"
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},
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"government consumption": {
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"text": "19.3%"
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"text": "19.5%"
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},
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"investment in fixed capital": {
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"text": "24.9%"
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"text": "24.6%"
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},
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"investment in inventories": {
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"text": "-0.5%"
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"text": "0.4%"
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},
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"exports of goods and services": {
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"text": "141.1%"
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"text": "135.6%"
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},
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"imports of goods and services": {
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"text": "-137.7% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-132.5% (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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@ -559,7 +564,7 @@
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"text": "5.9% (2015)"
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},
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"Labor force": {
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"text": "196,600 (2015 est.)"
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"text": "201,600 (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Labor force - by occupation": {
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"agriculture": {
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@ -573,7 +578,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Unemployment rate": {
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"text": "5.4% (2015 est.) ++ 5.8% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "4.6% (2016 est.) ++ 5.4% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Population below poverty line": {
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"text": "15.9% (2014 est.)"
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@ -591,29 +596,29 @@
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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"text": "$4.087 billion"
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"text": "$4.288 billion"
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},
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"expenditures": {
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"text": "$4.23 billion (2015 est.)"
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"text": "$4.401 billion (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "41.7% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"text": "41% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "-1.5% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-1.1% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Public debt": {
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"text": "63.9% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 67.1% of GDP (2014 est.)",
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"text": "62.6% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 63.9% of GDP (2015 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central government, state government, local government and social security funds"
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"text": "Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in E"
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}
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "calendar year"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"text": "1.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.3% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "1.3% (2016 est.) ++ 1.1% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Central bank discount rate": {
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"text": "-0.21% (31 December 2015) ++ -0.09% (31 December 2013)",
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@ -622,28 +627,28 @@
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}
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},
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"Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
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"text": "3.4% (31 December 2015 est.) ++ 3.9% (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "2.9% (31 December 2016 est.) ++ 3.4% (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of narrow money": {
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"text": "$12.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $11.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)",
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"text": "$14.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $12.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
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"text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating"
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}
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},
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"Stock of broad money": {
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"text": "$17.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $15.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$18.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of domestic credit": {
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"text": "$17.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $17.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$18.28 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $17.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
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"text": "$4.468 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.353 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.636 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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"text": "$4.405 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $3.642 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.249 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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},
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"Current account balance": {
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"text": "$403 million (2015 est.) ++ $417 million (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$653 million (2016 est.) ++ $962 million (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exports": {
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"text": "$2.956 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.48 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$2.915 billion (2016 est.) ++ $2.956 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exports - commodities": {
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"text": "machinery and mechanical appliances; mineral fuels, oils and petroleum products; pharmaceutical products; books and newspapers; aircraft/spacecraft and parts; toys, games, and sports equipment"
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"text": "Germany 13.3%, France 10.2%, Hong Kong 7.4%, Singapore 7.3%, UK 6.4%, US 5.8%, Italy 5.6%, Japan 4.7% (2015)"
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},
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"Imports": {
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"text": "$4.603 billion (2015 est.) ++ $4.964 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$4.479 billion (2016 est.) ++ $4.603 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Imports - commodities": {
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"text": "mineral fuels, oils and products; electrical machinery; aircraft/spacecraft and parts thereof; machinery and mechanical appliances; plastic and other semi-manufactured goods; vehicles and parts"
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@ -661,10 +666,10 @@
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"text": "Italy 23%, Netherlands 8.4%, UK 7.5%, Germany 6.8%, Canada 6.1%, China 4.1%, France 4% (2015)"
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},
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
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"text": "$571.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $619.2 million (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$537.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $571.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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"text": "$99.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $103.8 billion (30 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$97.35 billion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $104.4 billion (31 March 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
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"text": "$164.4 billion (30 June 2015 est.) ++ $158.7 billion (December 31, 2014 est.)"
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@ -673,15 +678,10 @@
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"text": "$69.09 billion (31 June 2015 est.) ++ $67.32 billion (30 December 2014 est.)"
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},
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"Exchange rates": {
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"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)"
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"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Energy": {
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"Electricity access": {
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"electrification - total population": {
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"text": "100% (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Electricity - production": {
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"text": "2.17 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
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},
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}
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},
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"Broadcast media": {
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"text": "2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, two of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 stations; roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2016)"
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"text": "2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, two of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; mu (2016)"
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},
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"Internet country code": {
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"text": ".mt"
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@ -846,7 +846,7 @@
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"text": "bulk carrier 544, cargo 351, carrier 1, chemical tanker 324, container 117, liquefied gas 36, passenger 50, passenger/cargo 18, petroleum tanker 160, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 22, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 18"
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},
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"foreign-owned": {
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"text": "1,437 (Angola 7, Azerbaijan 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 15, Bulgaria 8, Canada 5, China 6, Croatia 6, Cyprus 32, Denmark 34, Egypt 1, Estonia 16, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 135, Greece 469, Hong Kong 4, India 3, Iran 48, Ireland 4, Israel 3, Italy 45, Japan 5, Kuwait 3, Latvia 8, Lebanon 6, Libya 5, Luxembourg 3, Malaysia 1, Monaco 3, Netherlands 3, Norway 96, Oman 5, Poland 21, Portugal 3, Romania 7, Russia 45, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 4, Slovenia 4, South Korea 2, Spain 8, Sweden 1, Switzerland 20, Syria 4, Turkey 233, UAE 1, UK 21, Ukraine 29, US 34)"
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"text": "1,437 (Angola 7, Azerbaijan 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 15, Bulgaria 8, Canada 5, China 6, Croatia 6, Cyprus 32, Denmark 34, Egypt 1, Estonia 16, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 135, Greece 469, Hong Kong 4, India 3, Iran 48, Ireland 4, Israel 3, Italy 45, Japan 5, Kuw"
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},
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"registered in other countries": {
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"text": "2 (Panama 2) (2010)"
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