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Gerald Bauer
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@ -277,6 +277,9 @@
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "24.8% (2014)"
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "4.1% of GDP (2012)"
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "14 years"
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@ -345,7 +348,12 @@
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"text": "National Day (birthday of Grand Duke Henri) 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the festivities were shifted to allow observance during a more favorable time of year"
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},
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"Constitution": {
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"text": "previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)"
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"history": {
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"text": "previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868"
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},
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"amendments": {
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"text": "adoption requires at least two-thirds vote by the Chamber of Deputies in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if voted for by more than one-quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2009 (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Legal system": {
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"text": "civil law system"
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@ -407,7 +415,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] ++ Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Claude WISELER] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN] ++ Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christian KMIOTEK] ++ Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN] ++ The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Central Committee] ++ other minor parties"
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"text": "Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] ++ Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN] ++ Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christian KMIOTEK] ++ Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN] ++ The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Central Committee] ++ other minor parties"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"text": "Business Federation Luxembourg or FEDIL [Nicolas BUCK, chairman] ++ Centrale Paysanne [Marc FISCH] (federation of agricultural producers) ++ Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) [Roland KUHN] ++ Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) [Carlo THELEN] ++ Chambre des Salaries or CSL [Jean-Claude REDING] ++ General Association of Officials (Confederation Generale de la Fonction Publique or CGFP [Romain WOLFF] (trade union representing civil service) ++ Greenpeace [Kumi NAIDOO] ++ LCGP [Patrick DURY] (center-right trade union) ++ Luxembourg Association of Bankers and Insurance Employees or ALEBA [Roberto SCOLATI] ++ Luxembourg Bankers Association or ABBL [Yves MAAS] ++ Mouvement Ecologique [Blanche WEBER] (environment protection) ++ OGB-L [Andre ROELTGEN] (center-left trade union)"
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@ -433,7 +441,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"US chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador David MCKEAN (since 14 April 2016)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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@ -472,44 +480,44 @@
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"text": "This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, machinery and equipment, rubber, automotive components, and other products. The financial sector, which accounts for about 36% of GDP, is the leading sector in the economy. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 39% of its labor force. ++ ++ Luxembourg experienced uneven economic growth in the aftermath of the global economic crisis that began in late 2008. Luxembourg's GDP contracted 3.6% in 2009, rebounded in 2010-12, fell again in 2013-14, but recovered in 2015. Unemployment has remained below the EU average despite having increased from a historically low rate of 4% in the 2000s to 7.1% in 2014. ++ ++ The country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks among the highest in the world and is the highest in the euro zone. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position and the lowest public debt level in the region. ++ ++ Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure. In 2015, the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has depressed banking activity and dampened GDP growth. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg’s tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$55.73 billion (2015 est.) ++ $53.32 billion (2014 est.) ++ $51.23 billion (2013 est.)",
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"text": "$58.74 billion (2016 est.) ++ $56.75 billion (2015 est.) ++ $54.13 billion (2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
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}
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},
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"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
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"text": "$57.42 billion (2015 est.)"
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"text": "$60.98 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - real growth rate": {
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"text": "4.5% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.) ++ 4.3% (2013 est.)"
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"text": "3.5% (2016 est.) ++ 4.8% (2015 est.) ++ 4.1% (2014 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
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"text": "$99,000 (2015 est.) ++ $96,900 (2014 est.) ++ $95,400 (2013 est.)",
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"text": "$102,000 (2016 est.) ++ $100,800 (2015 est.) ++ $98,400 (2014 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data are in 2015 US dollars"
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"text": "data are in 2016 dollars"
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}
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},
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"Gross national saving": {
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"text": "23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24% of GDP (2013 est.)"
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"text": "23% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 23.3% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
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},
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"GDP - composition, by end use": {
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"household consumption": {
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"text": "29.4%"
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"text": "27.9%"
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},
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"government consumption": {
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"text": "16.6%"
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"text": "16.4%"
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},
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"investment in fixed capital": {
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"text": "17.6%"
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"text": "17.5%"
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},
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"investment in inventories": {
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"text": "0.1%"
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"text": "0.2%"
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},
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"exports of goods and services": {
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"text": "213.9%"
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"text": "210.3%"
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},
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"imports of goods and services": {
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"text": "-177.6% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "-172.3% (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
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@ -517,10 +525,10 @@
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"text": "0.2%"
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},
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"industry": {
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"text": "11.3%"
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"text": "11.1%"
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},
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"services": {
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"text": "88.5% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "88.7% (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Agriculture - products": {
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@ -530,12 +538,12 @@
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"text": "banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology"
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},
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"Industrial production growth rate": {
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"text": "1.1% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "1.7% (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Labor force": {
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"text": "260,700",
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"text": "272,000",
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"note": {
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"text": "data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2015 est.)"
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"text": "data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Labor force - by occupation": {
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@ -550,7 +558,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Unemployment rate": {
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"text": "6.9% (2015 est.) ++ 7.1% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "6.7% (2016 est.) ++ 6.9% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Population below poverty line": {
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"text": "NA%"
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@ -568,29 +576,29 @@
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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"text": "$24.74 billion"
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"text": "$25.85 billion"
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},
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"expenditures": {
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"text": "$24.02 billion (2015 est.)"
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"text": "$25.52 billion (2016 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Taxes and other revenues": {
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"text": "43.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"text": "42.4% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
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"text": "1.3% of GDP (2015 est.)"
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"text": "0.5% of GDP (2016 est.)"
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},
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"Public debt": {
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"text": "21.4% of GDP (2015 est.) ++ 22.9% of GDP (2014 est.)",
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"text": "21.4% of GDP (2016 est.) ++ 21.4% of GDP (2015 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
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"text": "data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int"
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}
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},
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"Fiscal year": {
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"text": "calendar year"
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},
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"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
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"text": "0.1% (2015 est.) ++ 0.7% (2014 est.)"
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"text": "-0.1% (2016 est.) ++ 0.1% (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Central bank discount rate": {
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"text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.3% (31 December 2010)",
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@ -599,25 +607,25 @@
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}
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},
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"Stock of narrow money": {
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"text": "$218.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $209.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)",
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"text": "$232.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $218.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)",
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"note": {
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"text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders"
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"text": "see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circul"
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}
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},
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"Stock of broad money": {
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"text": "$268.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $275 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$281.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $271 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of domestic credit": {
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"text": "$108.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $115.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$110.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $108.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Market value of publicly traded shares": {
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"text": "$70.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $67.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $101.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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"text": "$47.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $63.17 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $78.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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},
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"Current account balance": {
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"text": "$3 billion (2015 est.) ++ $3.581 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$2.711 billion (2016 est.) ++ $3.189 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exports": {
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"text": "$17.81 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.57 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$17.1 billion (2016 est.) ++ $17.81 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Exports - commodities": {
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"text": "machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass"
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@ -626,7 +634,7 @@
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"text": "Germany 22.1%, Belgium 16.7%, France 16.6%, UK 4.7%, Italy 4.6%, Netherlands 4% (2015)"
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},
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"Imports": {
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"text": "$20.22 billion (2015 est.) ++ $24.81 billion (2014 est.)"
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"text": "$18.33 billion (2016 est.) ++ $20.22 billion (2015 est.)"
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},
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"Imports - commodities": {
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"text": "commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods"
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"text": "Belgium 27.6%, Germany 22.9%, China 11.7%, France 9.5%, US 8.4%, Netherlands 4.2%, Mexico 4.1% (2015)"
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},
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"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
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"text": "$771 million (31 December 2015 est.) ++ $863 million (31 December 2014 est.)"
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"text": "$1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) ++ $771 million (31 December 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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"text": "$3.331 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.525 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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"text": "$3.781 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) ++ $3.806 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
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"text": "$NA ++ $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)"
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@ -647,15 +655,10 @@
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"text": "$NA"
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},
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"Exchange rates": {
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"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.7525 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.) ++ 0.7185 (2011 est.)"
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"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - ++ 0.9214 (2016 est.) ++ 0.885 (2015 est.) ++ 0.885 (2014 est.) ++ 0.7634 (2013 est.) ++ 0.78 (2012 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Energy": {
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"Electricity access": {
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"electrification - total population": {
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"text": "100% (2016)"
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}
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},
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"Electricity - production": {
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"text": "1.4 billion kWh (2014 est.)"
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},
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@ -755,7 +758,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Broadcast media": {
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"text": "Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites; domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2008)"
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"text": "Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to (2008)"
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},
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"Internet country code": {
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"text": ".lu"
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@ -859,7 +862,7 @@
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"text": "18-24 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2012)"
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},
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"Military expenditures": {
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"text": "0.5% of GDP (2015) ++ 0.39% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2012) ++ 0.39% of GDP (2011)"
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"text": "0.44% of GDP (2016) ++ 0.43% of GDP (2015) ++ 0.39% of GDP (2014) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2013) ++ 0.38% of GDP (2012)"
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}
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},
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"Transnational Issues": {
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