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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"text": "5,579,889 (July 2021 est.)<br><br><strong>note:</strong> some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years",
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"text": "5,579,889 (July 2021 est.)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> some sources suggest Turkmenistan's population could be as much as 1 to 2 million people lower than available estimates because of large-scale emigration during the last 10 years"
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"note": "<strong>etymology:</strong> derived from the Persian words \"eshq\" meaning \"love\" and \"abad\" meaning \"inhabited place\" or \"city,\" and so loosely translates as \"the city of love\" "
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},
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"Administrative divisions": {
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"text": "5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty<br><br><strong>note:</strong> administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)",
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"text": "5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) and 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)"
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},
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"Independence": {
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan or APT [Basim ANNAGURBANOW]<br>Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Ata SERDAROW]<br>Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs or PIE [Saparmyrat OWGANOW]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> all of these parties support President BERDIMUHAMEDOW; a law authorizing the registration of political parties went into effect in January 2012; unofficial, small opposition movements exist abroad",
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"text": "Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan or APT [Basim ANNAGURBANOW]<br>Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Ata SERDAROW]<br>Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs or PIE [Saparmyrat OWGANOW]",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> all of these parties support President BERDIMUHAMEDOW; a law authorizing the registration of political parties went into effect in January 2012; unofficial, small opposition movements exist abroad"
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},
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"International organization participation": {
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}
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},
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"Flag description": {
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"text": "green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches; five white, five-pointed stars and a white crescent moon appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe; the green color and crescent moon represent Islam; the five stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan; the guls reflect the national identity of Turkmenistan where carpet-making has long been a part of traditional nomadic life<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the flag of Turkmenistan is the most intricate of all national flags",
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"text": "green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches; five white, five-pointed stars and a white crescent moon appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe; the green color and crescent moon represent Islam; the five stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan; the guls reflect the national identity of Turkmenistan where carpet-making has long been a part of traditional nomadic life",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the flag of Turkmenistan is the most intricate of all national flags"
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},
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"National symbol(s)": {
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