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132
europe/pl.json
132
europe/pl.json
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@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
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"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>shares of languages sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; data represent language spoken at home<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Poland also recognizes Kashub as a regional language; Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages; and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages"
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Catholic 84.6% (Roman Catholic 84.6% and other Catholic 0.3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentecostal), other 0.3%, unspecified 13% (2022 est.)"
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"text": "Roman Catholic 70.7%, refused to answer 20.9%, no religion 6.9%; less than 1 percent: Orthodox, Jehovah Witness, Evangelic of Augsburg, Greek Catholic, Pentecostal, other Protestant, not stated, old Catholic Mariavite Church, other Christians, Islam, Buddhist, Polish Catholic Church, other, Baptist Union of Poland, Pagan, Seventh Day Adventist, Hindu, other Catholic (2021 est.)"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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@ -262,27 +262,24 @@
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"Gross reproduction rate": {
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"text": "0.64 (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "62.3% (2014)"
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},
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"Drinking water source": {
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"improved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 99.9% of population"
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"text": "urban: 95.8% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"improved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 100% of population"
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"text": "rural: 82.2% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"improved: total": {
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"text": "total: 100% of population"
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"text": "total: 90.4% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"unimproved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 0.1% of population"
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"text": "urban: 4.2% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"unimproved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 0% of population"
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"text": "rural: 17.8% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"unimproved: total": {
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"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
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"text": "total: 9.6% of population (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Health expenditure": {
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@ -301,22 +298,22 @@
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},
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"Sanitation facility access": {
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"improved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 100% of population"
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"text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"improved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 100% of population"
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"text": "rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"improved: total": {
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"text": "total: 100% of population"
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"text": "total: 100% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"unimproved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 0% of population"
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"text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"unimproved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 0% of population"
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"text": "rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)"
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},
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"unimproved: total": {
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"text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
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"text": "total: 0% of population (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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@ -416,41 +413,58 @@
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"text": "-0.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Air pollutants": {
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"particulate matter emissions": {
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"text": "18.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
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"Carbon dioxide emissions": {
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"total emissions": {
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"text": "264.031 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"carbon dioxide emissions": {
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"text": "299.04 megatons (2016 est.)"
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"from coal and metallurgical coke": {
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"text": "132.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"methane emissions": {
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"text": "46.62 megatons (2020 est.)"
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"from petroleum and other liquids": {
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"text": "95.095 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"from consumed natural gas": {
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"text": "36.835 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Particulate matter emissions": {
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"text": "18.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
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},
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"Methane emissions": {
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"energy": {
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"text": "954.2 kt (2022-2024 est.)"
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},
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"agriculture": {
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"text": "595.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)"
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},
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"waste": {
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"text": "292 kt (2019-2021 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "36.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Waste and recycling": {
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"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
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"text": "10.863 million tons (2015 est.)"
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},
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"municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
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"text": "2,866,746 tons (2015 est.)"
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"text": "12.758 million tons (2024 est.)"
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},
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"percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
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"text": "26.4% (2015 est.)"
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"text": "38.3% (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total water withdrawal": {
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"municipal": {
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"text": "1.96 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "2.113 billion cubic meters (2022)"
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},
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"industrial": {
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"text": "5.87 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "6.44 billion cubic meters (2022)"
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},
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"agricultural": {
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"text": "1.39 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "1.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Total renewable water resources": {
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"text": "60.5 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
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"text": "60.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Geoparks": {
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"total global geoparks and regional networks": {
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@ -659,7 +673,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Daniel LAWTON (since 20 January 2025)"
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Stephanie HOLMES (since August 2025)"
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},
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"embassy": {
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"text": "Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, 00-540 Warsaw"
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@ -689,8 +703,8 @@
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"National holiday": {
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"text": "Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)"
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},
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"Flag description": {
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"text": "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; colors derive from the Polish emblem, a white eagle on a red field",
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"Flag": {
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"text": "<strong>description: </strong>two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> colors derive from the Polish emblem, a white eagle on a red field",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco, which are red (top) and white"
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},
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"National symbol(s)": {
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@ -707,7 +721,7 @@
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"text": "Jozef WYBICKI/traditional"
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "adopted 1927; the anthem, commonly known as \"Jeszcze Polska nie zginela\" (Poland Has Not Yet Perished), was written in 1797"
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"text": "adopted 1927; "
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}
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},
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"National heritage": {
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@ -888,12 +902,12 @@
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},
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"Budget": {
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"revenues": {
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"text": "$234.98 billion (2022 est.)"
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"text": "$291.603 billion (2023 est.)"
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},
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"expenditures": {
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"text": "$250.097 billion (2022 est.)"
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"text": "$328.497 billion (2023 est.)"
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},
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"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
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"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
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},
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"Public debt": {
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"Public debt 2017": {
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@ -1075,20 +1089,6 @@
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"text": "91.492 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Carbon dioxide emissions": {
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"total emissions": {
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"text": "264.031 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"from coal and metallurgical coke": {
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"text": "132.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"from petroleum and other liquids": {
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"text": "95.095 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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},
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"from consumed natural gas": {
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"text": "36.835 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Energy consumption per capita": {
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"Total energy consumption per capita 2023": {
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"text": "103.651 million Btu/person (2023 est.)"
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@ -1184,24 +1184,24 @@
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"text": "Polish Armed Forces (Polskie Siły Zbrojne): Land Forces (Wojska Ladowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna), Air Force (Sily Powietrzne), Special Forces (Wojska Specjalne), Territorial Defense Forces (Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej), Cyberspace Defense Forces (Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni)<br><br>Ministry of Interior and Administration: Polish National Police (Policja); Border Guard (Straż Graniczna or SG) (2025)"
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},
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"Military expenditures": {
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"Military Expenditures 2025": {
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"text": "4.5% of GDP (2025 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2024": {
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"text": "4.1% of GDP (2024 est.)"
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"text": "3.8% of GDP (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2023": {
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"text": "3.9% of GDP (2023 est.)"
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"text": "3.3% of GDP (2023 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2022": {
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"text": "2.2% of GDP (2022)"
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"text": "2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2021": {
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"text": "2.2% of GDP (2021)"
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},
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"Military Expenditures 2020": {
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"text": "2.2% of GDP (2020)"
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"text": "2.2% of GDP (2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
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"text": "approximately 210,000 including air, ground, naval, special forces, and Territorial Defense Forces (2024)",
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"text": "approximately 235,000 active military personnel (2025)",
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"note": "<strong>note: </strong>a new national defense law in 2022 set a goal to double the size of Poland’s armed forces to 300,000 personnel, including 250,000 professional soldiers and 50,000 territorials"
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},
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"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
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},
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"Space": {
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"Space agency/agencies": {
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"text": "Polish Space Agency (POLSA; established 2014; operational in 2015); Space Research Center (SRC, interdisciplinary research institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences that acted as Poland’s space agency until POLSA was established in 1977) (2024)"
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"text": "Polish Space Agency (POLSA; established 2014; operational in 2015) (2025)"
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},
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"Space program overview": {
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"text": "space program is integrated within the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA); builds satellites, including nano/cube remote sensing (RS) and educational/scientific/technology satellites; researches and develops communications, RS, navigational, and other scientific applications for satellite payloads; creating infrastructure for receiving, storing, processing and distributing data from meteorological and environmental satellites; researches and develops other space-related technologies, including sensors and robotic probes for interplanetary landers, and launcher systems; participates in international space programs and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, Canada, China, ESA/EU member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, UK, and the US; has a growing commercial space sector with more than 300 active enterprises (2024)",
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"text": "space program is integrated within the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA); builds satellites, including nano/cube remote sensing (RS) and educational/scientific/technology satellites; researches and develops communications, RS, navigational, and other scientific applications for satellite payloads; creating infrastructure for receiving, storing, processing and distributing data from meteorological and environmental satellites; researches and develops other space-related technologies, including sensors and robotic probes for interplanetary landers, and launcher systems; participates in ESA/EU and other international space programs; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, Canada, China, ESA/EU member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, UK, and the US; has a growing commercial space sector with more than 300 active enterprises (2025)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
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}
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},
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},
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"Transnational Issues": {
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"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
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"refugees (country of origin)": {
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"text": "956,635 (Ukraine) (as of 15 December 2023)"
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"refugees": {
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"text": "1,019,863 (2024 est.)"
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},
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"stateless persons": {
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"text": "1,435 (2022)"
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"text": "1,486 (2024 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Illicit drugs": {
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