diff --git a/.github/banner.png b/.github/banner.png
index 968277f..07a6673 100644
Binary files a/.github/banner.png and b/.github/banner.png differ
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index bf03cee..0b14bcc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Test
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - run: cargo test --workspace
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
           components: clippy, rustfmt
@@ -31,26 +31,11 @@ jobs:
       - run: cargo fmt --check --all
       - run: cargo clippy --all -- -D warnings
 
-  wasm:
-    name: WASM
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          targets: wasm32-unknown-unknown
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-      # webclaw-core must stay WASM-safe (zero network deps, no threads).
-      # Check both with and without default features so the quickjs gate
-      # can't regress.
-      - run: cargo check --target wasm32-unknown-unknown -p webclaw-core
-      - run: cargo check --target wasm32-unknown-unknown -p webclaw-core --no-default-features
-
   docs:
     name: Docs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - run: cargo doc --no-deps --workspace
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deps.yml b/.github/workflows/deps.yml
index 7d455cc..29e851b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/deps.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/deps.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Update webclaw-tls dependencies
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.SYNC_PAT }}
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index cd77d01..b2ea54a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -3,29 +3,16 @@ name: Release
 on:
   push:
     tags: ["v*"]
-  # Manual re-publish of the Docker image for an existing release, without
-  # rebuilding binaries or cutting a new version. Runs only the docker (+
-  # homebrew) jobs against the given tag's already-published release assets.
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      tag:
-        description: "Existing release tag to (re)build + push the Docker image for, e.g. v0.6.9"
-        required: true
-        type: string
 
 permissions:
-  contents: read
+  contents: write
+  packages: write
 
 env:
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    # Binaries are only built when a tag is pushed. A manual dispatch reuses
-    # the existing release's binaries, so it skips this job entirely.
-    if: github.event_name == 'push'
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
     name: Build ${{ matrix.target }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
@@ -44,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
             os: windows-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
@@ -110,20 +97,19 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.target }}
           path: ${{ env.ASSET }}
 
   release:
     name: Release
-    if: github.event_name == 'push'
     needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: artifacts
 
@@ -136,30 +122,20 @@ jobs:
           cat SHA256SUMS
 
       - name: Create GitHub Release
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          tag="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}"
-          gh release create "$tag" \
-            artifacts/*.tar.gz \
-            artifacts/*.zip \
-            artifacts/SHA256SUMS \
-            --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" \
-            --generate-notes
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          generate_release_notes: true
+          files: |
+            artifacts/*.tar.gz
+            artifacts/*.zip
+            artifacts/SHA256SUMS
 
   docker:
     name: Docker
     needs: release
-    # Runs after a successful release on tag push, or standalone via
-    # workflow_dispatch to (re)publish an existing tag's image. `always()` lets
-    # it run even though `release` is skipped on a manual dispatch.
-    if: ${{ always() && (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || needs.release.result == 'success') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
         with:
@@ -173,57 +149,56 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      # The pushed tag, or the workflow_dispatch input for a manual re-publish.
-      - name: Resolve tag
-        id: tag
-        run: echo "tag=${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-      # Download pre-built binaries into TARGETARCH-named dirs (amd64/arm64) so
-      # a single multi-platform build picks the matching binary per platform.
+      # Download pre-built binaries for both architectures
       - name: Download release binaries
         run: |
-          tag="${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}"
-          declare -A arch=( [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]=amd64 [aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]=arm64 )
+          tag="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}"
           for target in x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu; do
             dir="webclaw-${tag}-${target}"
             curl -sSL "https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/releases/download/${tag}/${dir}.tar.gz" -o "${target}.tar.gz"
             tar xzf "${target}.tar.gz"
-            a="${arch[$target]}"
-            mkdir -p "binaries-${a}"
-            cp "${dir}/webclaw" "${dir}/webclaw-mcp" "${dir}/webclaw-server" "binaries-${a}/"
-            chmod +x "binaries-${a}"/*
+            mkdir -p "binaries-${target}"
+            cp "${dir}/webclaw" "binaries-${target}/webclaw"
+            cp "${dir}/webclaw-mcp" "binaries-${target}/webclaw-mcp"
+            cp "${dir}/webclaw-server" "binaries-${target}/webclaw-server"
+            chmod +x "binaries-${target}"/*
           done
           ls -laR binaries-*/
 
-      # One atomic multi-platform build + push. buildx assembles a single
-      # manifest list and pushes it in one shot, so there is no separate
-      # `imagetools create` step to race GHCR's read-after-write (that is what
-      # failed before: "v0.6.9-arm64: not found"). Provenance/SBOM attestations
-      # are disabled so each platform entry stays a plain image manifest.
+      # Build per-arch images with plain docker build (no buildx manifest nesting)
       - name: Build and push
         run: |
-          tag="${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}"
-          docker buildx build -f Dockerfile.ci \
-            --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --provenance=false --sbom=false \
-            -t "ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}" \
-            -t ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:latest \
-            --push .
+          tag="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}"
+
+          # amd64
+          docker build -f Dockerfile.ci --build-arg BINARY_DIR=binaries-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu \
+            --platform linux/amd64 -t ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}-amd64 --push .
+
+          # arm64
+          docker build -f Dockerfile.ci --build-arg BINARY_DIR=binaries-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
+            --platform linux/arm64 -t ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}-arm64 --push .
+
+          # Multi-arch manifest
+          docker manifest create ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag} \
+            ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}-amd64 \
+            ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}-arm64
+          docker manifest push ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}
+
+          docker manifest create ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:latest \
+            ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}-amd64 \
+            ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:${tag}-arm64
+          docker manifest push ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw:latest
 
   homebrew:
     name: Update Homebrew
     needs: [release, docker]
-    # Runs once Docker succeeds, on both tag push and manual re-publish.
-    if: ${{ always() && needs.docker.result == 'success' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
     steps:
       - name: Compute all checksums and update formula
         env:
           COMMITTER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.HOMEBREW_TAP_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          tag="${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}"
+          tag="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}"
           base="https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/releases/download/${tag}"
 
           # Download all tarballs (Linux + macOS) and compute SHAs
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index cc21d32..7858ae4 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -3,92 +3,6 @@
 All notable changes to webclaw are documented here.
 Format follows [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/).
 
-## [Unreleased]
-
-## [0.6.9] - 2026-06-10
-
-### Fixed
-- The multi-arch Docker image (linux/amd64 + linux/arm64) now publishes reliably on each release. The build moved to Buildx so registry pushes no longer fail intermittently, and the Homebrew formula update that depends on it is no longer skipped.
-
-## [0.6.8] - 2026-06-10
-
-### Fixed
-- Pages with multibyte text (accented or CJK characters) no longer panic or get mangled during extraction. API-endpoint discovery now cuts oversized scripts on a character boundary instead of crashing mid-character, and structured-data parsing preserves non-ASCII string values instead of turning them into mojibake.
-- LLM error messages from a provider no longer panic when the error body contains multibyte characters near the truncation point.
-- LLM provider requests now have explicit connect and overall timeouts, so a stalled or unreachable provider fails fast instead of hanging.
-- Batch extraction in the MCP server no longer aborts the whole batch when a single URL fails to resolve; bad URLs are reported as individual per-URL errors and the rest still run.
-- CLI crawl and batch runs now wait for the completion webhook to actually send before exiting, replacing a fixed delay that could cut the request off or waste time.
-- Homepage warm-up requests now include the port for hosts on a non-default port, so those sites are warmed correctly.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.7] — 2026-06-09
-
-### Changed
-- Updated the HTTP/TLS engine (wreq 6.0.0-rc.29, wreq-util 3.0.0-rc.12). This pulls in upstream robustness fixes: no more panic on responses with non-UTF8 header values, a fix for short reads when decoding large compressed bodies, and the TCP nodelay setting is restored. Browser TLS fingerprints are unchanged.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.6] — 2026-06-09
-
-### Added
-- Slow fetches now print a progress line to stderr every 10 seconds (`# webclaw: still fetching <url> (Ns)`) so a long request no longer looks like the CLI hung. Fast fetches stay silent and stdout is untouched.
-- New `--url-encoded` flag plus a warning when a URL looks like the shell split it on `&` or `?`. The warning suggests quoting the URL; pass `--url-encoded` to silence it when the URL is intentional.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.5] — 2026-06-04
-
-### Changed
-- Reddit threads extract reliably again. The old anonymous JSON endpoint is no longer available, so webclaw now reads old.reddit.com directly without an API key or JavaScript. You get the post plus the full nested comment tree, with authors, scores, timestamps, and reply nesting preserved. Comment text keeps its links and code blocks, hidden scores are reported as unknown rather than zero, and deleted comments stay in place so their replies aren't lost.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.4] — 2026-05-19
-
-### Added
-- API surface discovery: a new module extracts the API endpoints embedded in a page's inline scripts and linked JavaScript bundles. It surfaces relative REST paths, absolute URLs, GraphQL operations, and WebSocket endpoints that a sitemap alone cannot reveal. A built-in noise filter drops schema.org and json-schema.org references, bare framework paths, and other non-API matches so the result stays focused on the real surface.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.3] — 2026-05-19
-
-### Fixed
-- Hardened resource and path-safety limits across the CLI, MCP server, and self-hosted API: oversized or highly compressed responses are capped while streaming, deeply nested page data can no longer exhaust memory, output filenames stay inside the chosen directory, webhook URLs are validated like every other fetch, and multibyte search queries no longer crash slug generation.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.2] — 2026-05-18
-
-### Fixed
-- Cleaned up `--format llm` output on noisy news and documentation pages. Comment-count links, bare page-number paragraphs, pagination leftovers such as `0 Next`, and duplicated JSON-LD article bodies are now removed before they reach the LLM context.
-- The CLI now recognizes common cookie-consent redirects and prints a clearer warning when a page returns a consent wall instead of usable content.
-- The CLI keeps noisy parser warnings from real-world malformed HTML out of stderr by default. `WEBCLAW_LOG` still lets advanced users opt into deeper parser logs.
-
-Thanks to Nenad Oric (`@devnen`) for the report and patch work in PR #43.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.1] — 2026-05-12
-
-### Fixed
-- Hardened URL safety across the CLI, MCP server, and self-hosted API paths so local and private network targets are rejected more consistently, including after DNS resolution and redirects.
-- Added a timeout around inline JavaScript data extraction so hostile pages cannot keep the extractor busy forever.
-- Tightened Amazon and eBay URL recognition so deceptive hosts are rejected while common international marketplaces still work.
-- Avoided unnecessary decoding work on large responses during bot-challenge detection.
-- Reduced release workflow token permissions so build jobs run with narrower GitHub access.
-
----
-
-## [0.6.0] — 2026-05-10
-
-### Fixed
-- Improved `--format llm` output quality on modern news and documentation pages. Framework hydration blobs and low-value page chrome structured-data records are now filtered out before they can flood the LLM context, while content-bearing Schema.org records are preserved. Thanks and congrats to Nenad Oric (`@devnen`) for the contribution in PR #37.
-- Fixed element-to-text spacing so adjacent inline nodes no longer smash words together, while punctuation stays attached on real pages such as docs, forums, and reference sites.
-- Removed common screen-reader-only link chrome such as "opens new tab" from LLM body text and link labels without stripping ordinary prose that happens to mention external links.
-
----
-
 ## [0.5.9] — 2026-05-06
 
 ### Fixed
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index b046212..3358e48 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -91,16 +91,18 @@ Body is optional but encouraged for non-trivial changes.
 
 ```
 webclaw (this repo)
-└── crates/
-    ├── webclaw-core/    # Pure extraction engine (HTML → markdown/json/text)
-    ├── webclaw-fetch/   # HTTP client (wreq/BoringSSL) + crawler + sitemap + batch
-    ├── webclaw-llm/     # LLM provider chain (Ollama → OpenAI → Anthropic)
-    ├── webclaw-pdf/     # PDF text extraction
-    ├── webclaw-cli/     # CLI binary
-    └── webclaw-mcp/     # MCP server binary
+├── crates/
+│   ├── webclaw-core/    # Pure extraction engine (HTML → markdown/json/text)
+│   ├── webclaw-fetch/   # HTTP client + crawler + sitemap + batch
+│   ├── webclaw-llm/     # LLM provider chain (Ollama → OpenAI → Anthropic)
+│   ├── webclaw-pdf/     # PDF text extraction
+│   ├── webclaw-cli/     # CLI binary
+│   └── webclaw-mcp/     # MCP server binary
+│
+└── [patch.crates-io]    # Points to webclaw-tls for TLS fingerprinting
 ```
 
-TLS fingerprinting is handled in-process by [wreq](https://crates.io/crates/wreq) (BoringSSL), so `webclaw-fetch` impersonates real browser TLS directly. There are no `[patch.crates-io]` forks or external TLS dependencies.
+TLS fingerprinting lives in a separate repo: [webclaw-tls](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw-tls). The `[patch.crates-io]` section in `Cargo.toml` overrides rustls, h2, hyper, hyper-util, and reqwest with our patched forks for browser-grade JA4 + HTTP/2 Akamai fingerprinting.
 
 ## Crate Boundaries
 
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ Changes that cross crate boundaries need extra care:
 | Crate | Network? | Key constraint |
 |-------|----------|----------------|
 | webclaw-core | No | Zero network deps, WASM-safe |
-| webclaw-fetch | Yes (wreq) | Browser TLS impersonation via wreq (BoringSSL); no patched deps |
+| webclaw-fetch | Yes (webclaw-http) | Uses [webclaw-tls](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw-tls) for TLS fingerprinting |
 | webclaw-llm | Yes (reqwest) | Plain reqwest — LLM APIs don't need TLS fingerprinting |
 | webclaw-pdf | No | Minimal, wraps pdf-extract |
 | webclaw-cli | Yes | Depends on all above |
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b8a1d23..e49ccc3 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -28,6 +28,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "cpufeatures",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.8.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
 version = "1.1.4"
@@ -52,12 +64,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "allocator-api2"
-version = "0.2.21"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -266,9 +272,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.13.0"
+version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4388bee8683e3d04af747c73422af53102d2bd24d9eadb6cbc100baef4b43f8"
+checksum = "843867be96c8daad0d758b57df9392b6d8d271134fce549de6ce169ff98a92af"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "block-buffer"
@@ -279,6 +285,31 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "boring-sys2"
+version = "5.0.0-alpha.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "455d79965f5155dcc88a7abce112c3590883889131b799beda10bf9a813ed669"
+dependencies = [
+ "bindgen",
+ "cmake",
+ "fs_extra",
+ "fslock",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "boring2"
+version = "5.0.0-alpha.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "183ccc3854411c035410dcdbffafca62084f3a6c33f013c77e83c025d2a08a28"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "boring-sys2",
+ "foreign-types",
+ "libc",
+ "openssl-macros",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "brotli"
 version = "8.0.2"
@@ -300,31 +331,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "alloc-stdlib",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "btls"
-version = "0.5.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c5e60b8c8d282c86360cab651ded04ab0335a7b5390c8d34145cbeab8cacf5f"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
- "btls-sys",
- "foreign-types",
- "libc",
- "openssl-macros",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "btls-sys"
-version = "0.5.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b1b8638a2e1c38a5ae4efa90ae57e643baec35a30d03fc5b399b893adc4954b"
-dependencies = [
- "bindgen",
- "cmake",
- "fs_extra",
- "fslock",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.20.2"
@@ -859,12 +865,6 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "foldhash"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "foreign-types"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -1089,13 +1089,19 @@ version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0cc23270f6e1808e30a928bdc84dea0b9b4136a8bc82338574f23baf47bbd280"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43a3c133739dddd0d2990f9a4bdf8eb4b21ef50e4851ca85ab661199821d510e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.15.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
 dependencies = [
- "foldhash 0.1.5",
+ "foldhash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1104,17 +1110,6 @@ version = "0.16.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.17.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
-dependencies = [
- "allocator-api2",
- "equivalent",
- "foldhash 0.2.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -1177,9 +1172,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http2"
-version = "0.5.17"
+version = "0.5.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "569ef7a780e853c4e1768f58a3c8168193b82cdcbab66638a0b1c6583ec5995e"
+checksum = "c45c6490693ee8a8d0d95fdbdf76fead9fb87548f7894137259a7c6d22821948"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic-waker",
  "bytes",
@@ -1188,6 +1183,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-sink",
  "http",
  "indexmap",
+ "parking_lot",
  "slab",
  "smallvec",
  "tokio",
@@ -1499,9 +1495,9 @@ checksum = "09edd9e8b54e49e587e4f6295a7d29c3ea94d469cb40ab8ca70b288248a81db2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.186"
+version = "0.2.183"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68ab91017fe16c622486840e4c83c9a37afeff978bd239b5293d61ece587de66"
+checksum = "b5b646652bf6661599e1da8901b3b9522896f01e736bad5f723fe7a3a27f899d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -1567,15 +1563,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "weezl",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lru"
-version = "0.18.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a860605968fce16869fd239cf4237a82f3ac470723415db603b0e8b6c8d4fb9"
-dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.17.1",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lru-slab"
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -2388,6 +2375,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "schnellru"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "356285bbf17bea63d9e52e96bd18f039672ac92b55b8cb997d6162a2a37d1649"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "hashbrown 0.13.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -2781,9 +2779,9 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.52.3"
+version = "1.50.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8fc7f01b389ac15039e4dc9531aa973a135d7a4135281b12d7c1bc79fd57fffe"
+checksum = "27ad5e34374e03cfffefc301becb44e9dc3c17584f414349ebe29ed26661822d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "libc",
@@ -2797,20 +2795,20 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tokio-btls"
-version = "0.5.6"
+name = "tokio-boring2"
+version = "5.0.0-alpha.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e1fd638ec35427faf3b8f412e0fdd6fae76591d79dba40f38fa667d22bc44dd"
+checksum = "0f81df1210d791f31d72d840de8fbd80b9c3cb324956523048b1413e2bd55756"
 dependencies = [
- "btls",
+ "boring2",
  "tokio",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-macros"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "385a6cb71ab9ab790c5fe8d67f1645e6c450a7ce006a33de03daa956cf70a496"
+checksum = "5c55a2eff8b69ce66c84f85e1da1c233edc36ceb85a2058d11b0d6a3c7e7569c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -3221,7 +3219,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-cli"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "dotenvy",
@@ -3242,7 +3240,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-core"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "ego-tree",
  "once_cell",
@@ -3260,12 +3258,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-fetch"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",
  "calamine",
- "futures-util",
  "http",
  "quick-xml 0.37.5",
  "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -3287,7 +3284,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-llm"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "reqwest",
@@ -3300,7 +3297,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-mcp"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "dirs",
  "dotenvy",
@@ -3320,7 +3317,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-pdf"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "pdf-extract",
  "thiserror",
@@ -3329,7 +3326,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webclaw-server"
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "axum",
@@ -3350,9 +3347,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "webpki-root-certs"
-version = "1.0.7"
+version = "1.0.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f31141ce3fc3e300ae89b78c0dd67f9708061d1d2eda54b8209346fd6be9a92c"
+checksum = "804f18a4ac2676ffb4e8b5b5fa9ae38af06df08162314f96a68d2a363e21a8ca"
 dependencies = [
  "rustls-pki-types",
 ]
@@ -3699,14 +3696,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wreq"
-version = "6.0.0-rc.29"
+version = "6.0.0-rc.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f0eba5f5814a94e5f1a99156f187133464e525b66bdbc69a9627d46530af2e1"
+checksum = "f79937f6c4df65b3f6f78715b9de2977afe9ee3b3436483c7949a24511e25935"
 dependencies = [
- "btls",
- "btls-sys",
+ "ahash",
+ "boring2",
+ "brotli",
  "bytes",
  "cookie",
+ "flate2",
+ "futures-channel",
  "futures-util",
  "http",
  "http-body",
@@ -3715,64 +3715,29 @@ dependencies = [
  "httparse",
  "ipnet",
  "libc",
- "lru",
  "percent-encoding",
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "schnellru",
+ "smallvec",
  "socket2",
- "sync_wrapper",
  "tokio",
- "tokio-btls",
- "tokio-util",
+ "tokio-boring2",
  "tower",
  "tower-http",
  "url",
- "webpki-root-certs",
- "wreq-proto",
- "wreq-rt",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wreq-proto"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a43942f024bb303f1042c9aa3c87fa1d9149f507c65db6e5220a11ccdb207387"
-dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "futures-channel",
- "futures-util",
- "http",
- "http-body",
- "http2",
- "httparse",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "smallvec",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
  "want",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wreq-rt"
-version = "0.2.2-rc.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "99e9bce67a3fa3dd3f1503f066d86661c9caf399a763d3bd184da7afaf886c8b"
-dependencies = [
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio",
- "wreq-proto",
+ "webpki-root-certs",
+ "zstd",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wreq-util"
-version = "3.0.0-rc.12"
+version = "3.0.0-rc.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "baa5d2ab72139256916ca352a3d05c53d74e1dd360052eb5ba7691033c417c65"
+checksum = "6c6bbe24d28beb9ceb58b514bd6a613c759d3b706f768b9d2950d5d35b543c04"
 dependencies = [
- "brotli",
- "flate2",
  "typed-builder",
  "wreq",
- "zstd",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index fc3a2c5..12a4b73 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ resolver = "2"
 members = ["crates/*"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.6.9"
+version = "0.5.9"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw"
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index fefb39b..552aea7 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ RUN touch crates/*/src/*.rs \
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
-# CA bundle from distroless (ships it, multi-arch, gcr.io) instead of
-# apt-installing from ports.ubuntu.com (unreachable for arm64 on CI runners).
-COPY --from=gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12 /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 # Copy all three binaries
 COPY --from=builder /build/target/release/webclaw /usr/local/bin/webclaw
diff --git a/Dockerfile.ci b/Dockerfile.ci
index 740855d..ccd8a33 100644
--- a/Dockerfile.ci
+++ b/Dockerfile.ci
@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
 # Slim runtime image — uses pre-built binaries from the release.
 # The full Dockerfile (multi-stage Rust build) is for local development.
 # CI uses this to avoid 60+ min QEMU cross-compilation.
+ARG BINARY_DIR=binaries
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
-# CA bundle copied from a reliable multi-arch image instead of apt-installing
-# from ports.ubuntu.com — Canonical's arm64 ports mirror is unreachable from
-# CI runners and breaks the multi-arch release build. No build-time network.
-COPY --from=gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12 /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# TARGETARCH (amd64 / arm64) is provided automatically by buildx for each
-# target platform, so one multi-platform build copies the matching binaries.
-# The release workflow stages them in binaries-amd64 / binaries-arm64.
-ARG TARGETARCH
-COPY binaries-${TARGETARCH}/webclaw /usr/local/bin/webclaw
-COPY binaries-${TARGETARCH}/webclaw-mcp /usr/local/bin/webclaw-mcp
-COPY binaries-${TARGETARCH}/webclaw-server /usr/local/bin/webclaw-server
+ARG BINARY_DIR
+COPY ${BINARY_DIR}/webclaw /usr/local/bin/webclaw
+COPY ${BINARY_DIR}/webclaw-mcp /usr/local/bin/webclaw-mcp
+COPY ${BINARY_DIR}/webclaw-server /usr/local/bin/webclaw-server
 
 # Default REST API port when running `webclaw-server` inside the container.
 EXPOSE 3000
@@ -27,9 +24,8 @@ ENV WEBCLAW_HOST=0.0.0.0
 
 # Entrypoint shim: forwards webclaw args/URL to the binary, but exec's other
 # commands directly so this image can be used as a FROM base with custom CMD.
-# `--chmod` sets the bit at copy time so the build needs no in-container `RUN`
-# (and thus no QEMU emulation for the arm64 platform).
-COPY --chmod=755 docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
+COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
 
 ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
 CMD ["webclaw", "--help"]
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d44e659..79758f0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://webclaw.io">
-    <img src=".github/banner.png" alt="webclaw" width="760" />
+    <img src=".github/banner.png" alt="webclaw" width="700" />
   </a>
 </p>
 
 <h1 align="center">webclaw</h1>
 
 <p align="center">
-  <strong>Turn websites into clean markdown, JSON, and LLM-ready context.</strong><br/>
-  <sub>CLI, MCP server, REST API, and SDKs for AI agents and RAG pipelines.</sub>
+  <strong>The fastest web scraper for AI agents.</strong><br/>
+  <sub>67% fewer tokens. Sub-millisecond extraction. Zero browser overhead.</sub>
 </p>
 
 <p align="center">
@@ -17,58 +17,64 @@
   <a href="https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/blob/main/LICENSE"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/github/license/0xMassi/webclaw.svg?variant=branded" alt="License" /></a>
   <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/create-webclaw"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/npm/dt/create-webclaw.svg?variant=branded" alt="npm installs" /></a>
 </p>
-
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://discord.gg/KDfd48EpnW"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/badge/Discord-Join.svg?variant=branded&logo=discord" alt="Discord" /></a>
   <a href="https://x.com/webclaw_io"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/badge/Follow-@webclaw__io.svg?variant=branded&logo=x" alt="X / Twitter" /></a>
-  <a href="https://webclaw.io"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/badge/Hosted-webclaw.io.svg?variant=branded&logo=safari" alt="Hosted webclaw" /></a>
+  <a href="https://webclaw.io"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/badge/Website-webclaw.io.svg?variant=branded&logo=safari" alt="Website" /></a>
   <a href="https://webclaw.io/docs"><img src="https://shieldcn.dev/badge/Docs-Read.svg?variant=branded&logo=readthedocs" alt="Docs" /></a>
 </p>
 
+---
+
 <p align="center">
-  <img src="assets/demo.gif" alt="webclaw extracting clean markdown from a page" width="760" />
+  <img src="assets/demo.gif" alt="Claude Code: web_fetch gets 403, webclaw extracts successfully" width="700" />
+  <br/>
+  <sub>Claude Code's built-in web_fetch → 403 Forbidden. webclaw → clean markdown.</sub>
 </p>
 
 ---
 
-Most web scraping tools give your agent one of two bad outputs:
+Your AI agent calls `fetch()` and gets a 403. Or 142KB of raw HTML that burns through your token budget. **webclaw fixes both.**
 
-- a blocked page, login wall, or empty app shell
-- raw HTML full of nav, scripts, styling, ads, and duplicated boilerplate
+It extracts clean, structured content from any URL using Chrome-level TLS fingerprinting — no headless browser, no Selenium, no Puppeteer. Output is optimized for LLMs: **67% fewer tokens** than raw HTML, with metadata, links, and images preserved.
 
-[webclaw.io](https://webclaw.io) is the hosted web extraction API for webclaw. This repo contains the open-source CLI, MCP server, extraction engine, and self-hostable server.
-
-webclaw turns a URL into clean content your tools can actually use.
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com --format markdown
 ```
-
-```md
-# Example Domain
-
-This domain is for use in illustrative examples in documents.
-
-You may use this domain in literature without prior coordination or asking for permission.
+                     Raw HTML                          webclaw
+┌──────────────────────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────────────────────┐
+│ <div class="ad-wrapper">         │    │ # Breaking: AI Breakthrough      │
+│ <nav class="global-nav">         │    │                                  │
+│ <script>window.__NEXT_DATA__     │    │ Researchers achieved 94%         │
+│ ={...8KB of JSON...}</script>    │    │ accuracy on cross-domain         │
+│ <div class="social-share">       │    │ reasoning benchmarks.            │
+│ <button>Tweet</button>           │    │                                  │
+│ <footer class="site-footer">     │    │ ## Key Findings                  │
+│ <!-- 142,847 characters -->      │    │ - 3x faster inference            │
+│                                  │    │ - Open-source weights            │
+│         4,820 tokens             │    │         1,590 tokens             │
+└──────────────────────────────────┘    └──────────────────────────────────┘
 ```
 
-Use it from the terminal, wire it into Claude/Cursor through MCP, call the hosted API from your app, or self-host the OSS server.
-
 ---
 
-## Install
+## Two ways to use webclaw
 
-### Agent setup
+**Self-host.** Free, AGPL-3.0, runs locally. Get the CLI, MCP server, or REST API in one command. Ships with the 8 core extraction tools: scrape, crawl, map, batch, extract, summarize, diff, brand.
 
-The fastest way to connect webclaw to Claude Code, Claude Desktop, Cursor, Windsurf, OpenCode, Codex CLI, and other MCP-compatible tools:
+**Hosted API** at **[webclaw.io](https://webclaw.io)**. 500 pages/month free, no card. Adds what self-hosting can't do alone: antibot bypass (Cloudflare, DataDome, WAF), JS rendering, async crawl/research jobs, web search, watches. For when you want it to *just work*.
+
+---
+
+## Get Started (30 seconds)
+
+### For AI agents (Claude, Cursor, Windsurf, VS Code)
 
 ```bash
 npx create-webclaw
 ```
 
-The installer detects supported clients and configures the MCP server for you.
+Auto-detects your AI tools, downloads the MCP server, and configures everything. One command.
 
-### Homebrew
+### Homebrew (macOS/Linux)
 
 ```bash
 brew tap 0xMassi/webclaw
@@ -77,7 +83,29 @@ brew install webclaw
 
 ### Prebuilt binaries
 
-Download macOS and Linux binaries from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/releases).
+Download from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/releases) for macOS (arm64, x86_64) and Linux (x86_64, aarch64).
+
+### Cargo (from source)
+
+```bash
+cargo install --git https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw.git webclaw-cli
+cargo install --git https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw.git webclaw-mcp
+```
+
+webclaw uses BoringSSL (via `boring-sys2`) for TLS fingerprinting, which
+needs a few system packages at build time. If `cargo install` panics with
+a `boring-sys2` build error or `Unable to find libclang`, install the
+prerequisites first:
+
+| OS | Install command |
+|---|---|
+| Debian / Ubuntu | `sudo apt install -y pkg-config libssl-dev cmake clang git build-essential` |
+| Fedora / RHEL | `sudo dnf install -y pkg-config openssl-devel cmake clang git make gcc` |
+| Arch | `sudo pacman -S pkg-config openssl cmake clang git base-devel` |
+| macOS | `xcode-select --install` (and Xcode CLT covers everything) |
+
+If you do not want to manage build dependencies yourself, prefer the
+**Homebrew**, **Docker**, or **Prebuilt binaries** options above.
 
 ### Docker
 
@@ -85,90 +113,89 @@ Download macOS and Linux binaries from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/0xMa
 docker run --rm ghcr.io/0xmassi/webclaw https://example.com
 ```
 
-### Cargo
+### Docker Compose (with Ollama for LLM features)
 
 ```bash
-cargo install --git https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw.git webclaw-cli
-cargo install --git https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw.git webclaw-mcp
-```
-
-If building from source fails because native build tools are missing, install the platform prerequisites:
-
-| OS | Command |
-| --- | --- |
-| Debian / Ubuntu | `sudo apt install -y pkg-config libssl-dev cmake clang git build-essential` |
-| Fedora / RHEL | `sudo dnf install -y pkg-config openssl-devel cmake clang git make gcc` |
-| Arch | `sudo pacman -S pkg-config openssl cmake clang git base-devel` |
-| macOS | `xcode-select --install` |
-
----
-
-## Quick Start
-
-### Scrape one page
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://stripe.com --format markdown
-```
-
-### Return LLM-optimized text
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://docs.anthropic.com --format llm
-```
-
-### Keep only the main content
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com/blog/post --only-main-content
-```
-
-### Include or exclude selectors
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com \
-  --include "article, main, .content" \
-  --exclude "nav, footer, .sidebar, .ad"
-```
-
-### Crawl a documentation site
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://docs.rust-lang.org --crawl --depth 2 --max-pages 50
-```
-
-### Workflow examples
-
-- [HTML to Markdown for RAG](examples/html-to-markdown-rag/)
-- [Firecrawl-compatible API](examples/firecrawl-compatible-api/)
-- [MCP web scraping](examples/mcp-web-scraping/)
-- [Proxy-backed crawling with ColdProxy](examples/proxy-backed-crawling/)
-- [Cloudflare diagnostics](examples/cloudflare-diagnostics/)
-
-### Extract brand assets
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://github.com --brand
-```
-
-### Compare a page over time
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com/pricing --format json > pricing-old.json
-webclaw https://example.com/pricing --diff-with pricing-old.json
+cp env.example .env
+docker compose up -d
 ```
 
 ---
 
-## MCP Server
+## Why webclaw?
 
-webclaw ships with an MCP server for AI agents.
+| | webclaw | Firecrawl | Trafilatura | Readability |
+|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
+| **Extraction accuracy** | **95.1%** | — | 80.6% | 83.5% |
+| **Token efficiency** | **-67%** | — | -55% | -51% |
+| **Speed (100KB page)** | **3.2ms** | ~500ms | 18.4ms | 8.7ms |
+| **TLS fingerprinting** | Yes | No | No | No |
+| **Self-hosted** | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
+| **MCP (Claude/Cursor)** | Yes | No | No | No |
+| **No browser required** | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
+| **Cost** | Free | $$$$ | Free | Free |
+
+**Choose webclaw if** you want fast local extraction, LLM-optimized output, and native AI agent integration.
+
+---
+
+## What it looks like
 
 ```bash
-npx create-webclaw
+$ webclaw https://stripe.com -f llm
+
+> URL: https://stripe.com
+> Title: Stripe | Financial Infrastructure for the Internet
+> Language: en
+> Word count: 847
+
+# Stripe | Financial Infrastructure for the Internet
+
+Stripe is a suite of APIs powering online payment processing
+and commerce solutions for internet businesses of all sizes.
+
+## Products
+- Payments — Accept payments online and in person
+- Billing — Manage subscriptions and invoicing
+- Connect — Build a marketplace or platform
+...
 ```
 
-Manual config:
+```bash
+$ webclaw https://github.com --brand
+
+{
+  "name": "GitHub",
+  "colors": [{"hex": "#59636E", "usage": "Primary"}, ...],
+  "fonts": ["Mona Sans", "ui-monospace"],
+  "logos": [{"url": "https://github.githubassets.com/...", "kind": "svg"}]
+}
+```
+
+```bash
+$ webclaw https://docs.rust-lang.org --crawl --depth 2 --max-pages 50
+
+Crawling... 50/50 pages extracted
+---
+# Page 1: https://docs.rust-lang.org/
+...
+# Page 2: https://docs.rust-lang.org/book/
+...
+```
+
+---
+
+## MCP Server — 10 tools for AI agents
+
+<a href="https://glama.ai/mcp/servers/0xMassi/webclaw"><img src="https://glama.ai/mcp/servers/0xMassi/webclaw/badge" alt="webclaw MCP server" /></a>
+
+webclaw ships as an MCP server that plugs into Claude Desktop, Claude Code, Cursor, Windsurf, OpenCode, Antigravity, Codex CLI, and any MCP-compatible client.
+
+```bash
+npx create-webclaw    # auto-detects and configures everything
+```
+
+Or manual setup — add to your Claude Desktop config:
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -180,317 +207,221 @@ Manual config:
 }
 ```
 
-Then ask your agent things like:
+Then in Claude: *"Scrape the top 5 results for 'web scraping tools' and compare their pricing"* — it just works.
 
-```text
-Scrape these competitor pricing pages and summarize the differences.
-```
+### Available tools
 
-```text
-Crawl this documentation site and prepare clean context for a RAG index.
-```
+| Tool | Description | Requires API key? |
+|------|-------------|:-:|
+| `scrape` | Extract content from any URL | No |
+| `crawl` | Recursive site crawl | No |
+| `map` | Discover URLs from sitemaps | No |
+| `batch` | Parallel multi-URL extraction | No |
+| `extract` | LLM-powered structured extraction | No (needs Ollama) |
+| `summarize` | Page summarization | No (needs Ollama) |
+| `diff` | Content change detection | No |
+| `brand` | Brand identity extraction | No |
+| `search` | Web search + scrape results | Yes |
+| `research` | Deep multi-source research | Yes |
 
-```text
-Extract the brand colors, fonts, and logos from this company website.
-```
+8 of 10 tools work locally — no account, no API key, fully private.
 
 ---
 
-## Tools
+## Features
 
-| Tool | What it does | Local |
-| --- | --- | :-: |
-| `scrape` | Extract one URL as markdown, text, JSON, LLM format, or HTML | Yes |
-| `crawl` | Follow same-origin links and extract discovered pages | Yes |
-| `map` | Discover URLs without extracting every page | Yes |
-| `batch` | Scrape multiple URLs in parallel | Yes |
-| `extract` | Convert page content into structured data | Yes, with local or configured LLM |
-| `summarize` | Summarize a page | Yes, with local or configured LLM |
-| `diff` | Compare page content snapshots | Yes |
-| `brand` | Extract colors, fonts, logos, and metadata | Yes |
-| `search` | Search the web and scrape results | Hosted API |
-| `research` | Multi-source research workflow | Hosted API |
+### Extraction
 
----
+- **Readability scoring** — multi-signal content detection (text density, semantic tags, link ratio)
+- **Noise filtering** — strips nav, footer, ads, modals, cookie banners (Tailwind-safe)
+- **Data island extraction** — catches React/Next.js JSON payloads, JSON-LD, hydration data
+- **YouTube metadata** — structured data from any YouTube video
+- **PDF extraction** — auto-detected via Content-Type
+- **5 output formats** — markdown, text, JSON, LLM-optimized, HTML
 
-## SDKs
+### Content control
 
 ```bash
-npm install @webclaw/sdk
-pip install webclaw
-go get github.com/0xMassi/webclaw-go
+webclaw URL --include "article, .content"       # CSS selector include
+webclaw URL --exclude "nav, footer, .sidebar"    # CSS selector exclude
+webclaw URL --only-main-content                  # Auto-detect main content
 ```
 
-<details>
-<summary>TypeScript</summary>
-
-```ts
-import { Webclaw } from "@webclaw/sdk";
-
-const client = new Webclaw({ apiKey: process.env.WEBCLAW_API_KEY! });
-
-const page = await client.scrape({
-  url: "https://example.com",
-  formats: ["markdown"],
-  only_main_content: true,
-});
-
-console.log(page.markdown);
-```
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary>Python</summary>
-
-```python
-from webclaw import Webclaw
-
-client = Webclaw(api_key="wc_your_key")
-
-page = client.scrape(
-    "https://example.com",
-    formats=["markdown"],
-    only_main_content=True,
-)
-
-print(page.markdown)
-```
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary>cURL</summary>
+### Crawling
 
 ```bash
-curl -X POST https://api.webclaw.io/v1/scrape \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY" \
-  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d '{
-    "url": "https://example.com",
-    "formats": ["markdown"],
-    "only_main_content": true
-  }'
+webclaw URL --crawl --depth 3 --max-pages 100   # BFS same-origin crawl
+webclaw URL --crawl --sitemap                    # Seed from sitemap
+webclaw URL --map                                # Discover URLs only
 ```
 
-</details>
-
----
-
-## Output Formats
-
-| Format | Use it when you need |
-| --- | --- |
-| `markdown` | Clean page content with structure preserved |
-| `llm` | Compact context for agents and RAG pipelines |
-| `text` | Plain text with minimal formatting |
-| `json` | Structured metadata, links, images, and extracted fields |
-| `html` | Cleaned HTML for custom processing |
-
----
-
-## Local First, Hosted When Needed
-
-The CLI and MCP server work locally without an account for the core extraction path.
-
-Use the hosted API at [webclaw.io](https://webclaw.io) when you need:
-
-- protected-site access without managing infrastructure
-- JavaScript rendering
-- async crawl and research jobs
-- web search
-- watches and production usage tracking
-- SDKs for application code
+### LLM features (Ollama / OpenAI / Anthropic)
 
 ```bash
-export WEBCLAW_API_KEY=wc_your_key
+webclaw URL --summarize                          # Page summary
+webclaw URL --extract-prompt "Get all prices"    # Natural language extraction
+webclaw URL --extract-json '{"type":"object"}'   # Schema-enforced extraction
+```
 
-webclaw https://example.com --cloud
+### Change tracking
+
+```bash
+webclaw URL -f json > snap.json                  # Take snapshot
+webclaw URL --diff-with snap.json                # Compare later
+```
+
+### Brand extraction
+
+```bash
+webclaw URL --brand                              # Colors, fonts, logos, OG image
+```
+
+### Proxy rotation
+
+```bash
+webclaw URL --proxy http://user:pass@host:port   # Single proxy
+webclaw URLs --proxy-file proxies.txt            # Pool rotation
 ```
 
 ---
 
-## What You Can Build
+## Benchmarks
 
-| Use case | Example |
-| --- | --- |
-| AI agent web access | Give Claude, Cursor, or another MCP client clean page context |
-| RAG ingestion | Crawl docs, help centers, blogs, and knowledge bases |
-| Competitor monitoring | Track pricing pages, changelogs, docs, and product pages |
-| Structured extraction | Turn messy pages into typed JSON for automations |
-| Research workflows | Search, scrape, summarize, and cite multiple sources |
-| Brand intelligence | Extract logos, colors, fonts, and social metadata |
+All numbers from real tests on 50 diverse pages. See [benchmarks/](benchmarks/) for methodology and reproduction instructions.
+
+### Extraction quality
+
+```
+Accuracy      webclaw     ███████████████████ 95.1%
+              readability ████████████████▋   83.5%
+              trafilatura ████████████████    80.6%
+              newspaper3k █████████████▎      66.4%
+
+Noise removal webclaw     ███████████████████ 96.1%
+              readability █████████████████▊  89.4%
+              trafilatura ██████████████████▏ 91.2%
+              newspaper3k ███████████████▎    76.8%
+```
+
+### Speed (pure extraction, no network)
+
+```
+10KB page     webclaw     ██                   0.8ms
+              readability █████                2.1ms
+              trafilatura ██████████           4.3ms
+
+100KB page    webclaw     ██                   3.2ms
+              readability █████                8.7ms
+              trafilatura ██████████           18.4ms
+```
+
+### Token efficiency (feeding to Claude/GPT)
+
+| Format | Tokens | vs Raw HTML |
+|--------|:------:|:-----------:|
+| Raw HTML | 4,820 | baseline |
+| readability | 2,340 | -51% |
+| trafilatura | 2,180 | -55% |
+| **webclaw llm** | **1,590** | **-67%** |
+
+### Crawl speed
+
+| Concurrency | webclaw | Crawl4AI | Scrapy |
+|:-----------:|:-------:|:--------:|:------:|
+| 5 | **9.8 pg/s** | 5.2 pg/s | 7.1 pg/s |
+| 10 | **18.4 pg/s** | 8.7 pg/s | 12.3 pg/s |
+| 20 | **32.1 pg/s** | 14.2 pg/s | 21.8 pg/s |
+
+---
 
 ## Architecture
 
-```text
+```
 webclaw/
   crates/
-    webclaw-core     HTML to markdown, text, JSON, and LLM-ready output
-    webclaw-fetch    Fetching, crawling, batching, and mapping
-    webclaw-llm      Local and hosted LLM provider support
+    webclaw-core     Pure extraction engine. Zero network deps. WASM-safe.
+    webclaw-fetch    HTTP client + TLS fingerprinting (wreq/BoringSSL). Crawler. Batch ops.
+    webclaw-llm      LLM provider chain (Ollama -> OpenAI -> Anthropic)
     webclaw-pdf      PDF text extraction
-    webclaw-mcp      MCP server for AI agents
-    webclaw-cli      Command-line interface
+    webclaw-mcp      MCP server (10 tools for AI agents)
+    webclaw-cli      CLI binary
 ```
 
-`webclaw-core` is pure extraction logic: no network I/O, small surface area, and usable independently from the fetching layer.
+`webclaw-core` takes raw HTML as a `&str` and returns structured output. No I/O, no network, no allocator tricks. Can compile to WASM.
 
 ---
 
 ## Configuration
 
 | Variable | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| `WEBCLAW_API_KEY` | Hosted API key |
-| `OLLAMA_HOST` | Ollama URL for local LLM features |
-| `OPENAI_API_KEY` | OpenAI-compatible LLM provider key |
-| `OPENAI_BASE_URL` | OpenAI-compatible base URL |
-| `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` | Anthropic-compatible LLM provider key |
-| `ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL` | Anthropic-compatible base URL |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `WEBCLAW_API_KEY` | Cloud API key (enables bot bypass, JS rendering, search, research) |
+| `OLLAMA_HOST` | Ollama URL for local LLM features (default: `http://localhost:11434`) |
+| `OPENAI_API_KEY` | OpenAI API key for LLM features |
+| `OPENAI_BASE_URL` | OpenAI-compatible base URL (default: `https://api.openai.com/v1`) |
+| `OPENAI_RESPONSE_FORMAT_TYPE` | JSON-mode response format for OpenAI-compatible backends: `json_object` (default), `json_schema`, or `text`. Use `text` or `json_schema` for LM Studio. |
+| `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` | Anthropic API key for LLM features |
+| `ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL` | Anthropic-compatible base URL (default: `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`) |
 | `WEBCLAW_PROXY` | Single proxy URL |
-| `WEBCLAW_PROXY_FILE` | Proxy pool file |
+| `WEBCLAW_PROXY_FILE` | Path to proxy pool file |
 
 ---
 
+## Cloud API (optional)
+
+For bot-protected sites, JS rendering, and advanced features, webclaw offers a hosted API at [webclaw.io](https://webclaw.io).
+
+The CLI and MCP server work locally first. Cloud is used as a fallback when:
+- A site has bot protection (Cloudflare, DataDome, WAF)
+- A page requires JavaScript rendering
+- You use search or research tools
+
+```bash
+export WEBCLAW_API_KEY=wc_your_key
+
+# Automatic: tries local first, cloud on bot detection
+webclaw https://protected-site.com
+
+# Force cloud
+webclaw --cloud https://spa-site.com
+```
+
+### SDKs
+
+```bash
+npm install @webclaw/sdk                  # TypeScript/JavaScript
+pip install webclaw                        # Python
+go get github.com/0xMassi/webclaw-go      # Go
+```
+
+---
+
+## Use cases
+
+- **AI agents** — Give Claude/Cursor/GPT real-time web access via MCP
+- **Research** — Crawl documentation, competitor sites, news archives
+- **Price monitoring** — Track changes with `--diff-with` snapshots
+- **Training data** — Prepare web content for fine-tuning with token-optimized output
+- **Content pipelines** — Batch extract + summarize in CI/CD
+- **Brand intelligence** — Extract visual identity from any website
+
+---
+
+## Community
+
+- [Discord](https://discord.gg/KDfd48EpnW) — questions, feedback, show what you built
+- [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/issues) — bug reports and feature requests
+
 ## Contributing
 
-The most useful contributions right now are practical and small:
-
-- add examples for real agent and RAG workflows
-- improve SDK snippets
-- report pages that extract poorly
-- add failing fixtures for messy HTML
-- improve docs for MCP clients and local setup
-- test the CLI on more Linux/macOS environments
-
-Good first places to start:
+We welcome contributions! See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines.
 
 - [Good first issues](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/issues?q=label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
-- [Open a bug report](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/issues/new)
-- [Start a discussion](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/discussions)
+- [Architecture docs](CONTRIBUTING.md#architecture)
 
-If a page extracts badly, include:
+## Acknowledgments
 
-```text
-URL:
-Command or API request:
-Expected output:
-Actual output:
-Format used: markdown / llm / text / json / html
-CLI, MCP, SDK, or API:
-```
-
-Please remove secrets, cookies, private tokens, and customer data from logs before posting.
-
----
-
-## Infrastructure Partner
-
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">
-      <a href="https://coldproxy.com/">
-        <img src="./assets/sponsors/coldproxy-banner.png" alt="ColdProxy" width="720" />
-      </a>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>
-      <strong>ColdProxy</strong> supports webclaw as an Infrastructure Partner, providing residential IPv4,
-      residential IPv6, and datacenter IPv6 proxy infrastructure across 195+ countries for public data
-      collection, regional testing, monitoring, and web scraping workflows. Explore
-      <a href="https://coldproxy.com/">ColdProxy</a>'s latest plans and available offers directly on the website.
-      See the <a href="examples/proxy-backed-crawling/#using-coldproxy">proxy-backed crawling guide</a>
-      for a hands-on walkthrough of wiring ColdProxy into webclaw.
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
----
-
-## Studio Partners
-
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <td width="340" align="center">
-      <a href="https://go.nodemaven.com/webclaw">
-        <img src="./assets/sponsors/nodemaven-banner.png" alt="NodeMaven" width="300" />
-      </a>
-    </td>
-    <td>
-      <strong>NodeMaven</strong> is the most reliable proxy provider with the highest-quality IPs on the market.
-      Best solution for automation, web scraping, SEO research, and social media management: 99.9% uptime,
-      sticky sessions up to 7 days, IP filtering (all proxies under a 97% fraud score), no KYC, and cashback up
-      to 10% on traffic. Use <code>WEBCLAW35</code> for 35% off Mobile and Residential proxies, or
-      <code>WEBCLAW40</code> for 40% off ISP (Static) proxies at
-      <a href="https://go.nodemaven.com/webclaw">NodeMaven</a>.
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td width="340" align="center">
-      <a href="https://quantumproxies.net/?utm_source=webclaw&utm_medium=github&utm_campaign=sponsor">
-        <img src="./assets/sponsors/quantum-proxies-banner.png" alt="Quantum Proxies" width="300" />
-      </a>
-    </td>
-    <td>
-      <strong>Quantum Proxies</strong> provides fast, reliable residential and ISP proxy infrastructure for developers running large-scale extraction workloads.
-      Get 20% off any plan with code <code>WEBCLAW20</code> at
-      <a href="https://quantumproxies.net/?utm_source=webclaw&utm_medium=github&utm_campaign=sponsor">quantumproxies.net</a>.
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td width="340" align="center">
-      <a href="https://proxy-seller.com/?partner=KXMQNNLIGHXR4B">
-        <img src="./assets/sponsors/proxy-seller-banner.png" alt="Proxy-Seller" width="300" />
-      </a>
-    </td>
-    <td>
-      <strong>Proxy-Seller</strong> maintains a global network of residential and datacenter proxies optimized for web extraction at scale.
-      The service supports high-volume concurrent scraping, geographic rotation, and integration with web extraction tools.
-      Use code <code>WBC15</code> for 15% off IPv4, IPv6, ISP, and Residential proxies, and 10% off Mobile at
-      <a href="https://proxy-seller.com/?partner=KXMQNNLIGHXR4B">proxy-seller.com</a>.
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td width="340" align="center">
-      <a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=webclaw">
-        <img src="./assets/sponsors/rapidproxy-banner.png" alt="RapidProxy" width="300" />
-      </a>
-    </td>
-    <td>
-      <strong>RapidProxy</strong> delivers fast, reliable proxy infrastructure for large-scale data collection.
-      With 90M+ residential IPs, smart rotation, high concurrency, AI-powered CAPTCHA bypass, and non-expiring traffic, it helps keep scraping workflows stable at scale.
-      Use code <code>webclaw</code> for 10% off, or
-      <a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=webclaw">Try it free</a>.
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
----
-
-## Community Plugins
-
-Third-party plugins that integrate webclaw with AI agent platforms:
-
-| Plugin | Platform | What it does |
-|---|---|---|
-| [openclaw-webclaw](https://github.com/jal-co/openclaw-webclaw) | [OpenClaw](https://openclaw.ai) | Native webclaw v1 API plugin with 9 tools: scrape, search, crawl, extract, summarize, diff, map, batch, brand |
-| [hermes-webclaw](https://github.com/jal-co/hermes-webclaw) | [Hermes Agent](https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent) | Web search provider and 9 dedicated tools for the full v1 API surface. Install with `hermes plugins install jal-co/hermes-webclaw` |
-
-Built a webclaw integration? [Open a PR](https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/pulls) to add it here.
-
----
-
-## Contributors
-
-Thanks to everyone improving webclaw through issues, examples, docs, bug reports, and pull requests.
-
-<a href="https://github.com/0xMassi/webclaw/graphs/contributors">
-  <img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=0xMassi/webclaw" alt="webclaw contributors" />
-</a>
-
----
+TLS and HTTP/2 browser fingerprinting is powered by [wreq](https://github.com/0x676e67/wreq) and [http2](https://github.com/0x676e67/http2) by [@0x676e67](https://github.com/0x676e67), who pioneered browser-grade HTTP/2 fingerprinting in Rust.
 
 ## Star History
 
@@ -502,8 +433,6 @@ Thanks to everyone improving webclaw through issues, examples, docs, bug reports
  </picture>
 </a>
 
----
-
 ## License
 
 [AGPL-3.0](LICENSE)
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diff --git a/crates/webclaw-cli/src/main.rs b/crates/webclaw-cli/src/main.rs
index 7d82f73..a45bce8 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-cli/src/main.rs
@@ -35,49 +35,18 @@ const ANTIBOT_TITLES: &[&str] = &[
     "ddos protection",
 ];
 
-/// URL host/path fragments that indicate a GDPR/cookie consent redirect.
-const CONSENT_URL_FRAGMENTS: &[&str] = &[
-    "://consent.",
-    "/consent?",
-    "/consent/",
-    "collectconsent",
-    "consentcheck",
-    "/cmp/",
-    "guce.advertising.com",
-];
-
-/// English consent-wall title prefixes. Many providers localize this page, so
-/// this is a best-effort secondary signal. URL shape is the primary signal.
-const CONSENT_TITLES: &[&str] = &[
-    "before you continue",
-    "your privacy choices",
-    "we value your privacy",
-    "we care about your privacy",
-    "cookie consent",
-    "consent required",
-];
-
-/// Detect why a page returned empty or near-empty content.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+/// Detect why a page returned empty content.
 enum EmptyReason {
     /// Anti-bot challenge page (Cloudflare, Akamai, etc.)
     Antibot,
-    /// GDPR/cookie consent redirect.
-    ConsentWall,
     /// JS-only SPA that returns an empty shell without a browser
     JsRequired,
-    /// Page has content.
+    /// Page has content — not empty
     None,
 }
 
 fn detect_empty(result: &ExtractionResult) -> EmptyReason {
-    // Consent walls can have a tiny body, so check before the content
-    // short-circuit.
-    if is_consent_wall(result) {
-        return EmptyReason::ConsentWall;
-    }
-
-    // Has real content. Nothing to warn about.
+    // Has real content — nothing to warn about
     if result.metadata.word_count > 50 || !result.content.markdown.is_empty() {
         return EmptyReason::None;
     }
@@ -98,35 +67,6 @@ fn detect_empty(result: &ExtractionResult) -> EmptyReason {
     EmptyReason::None
 }
 
-/// A consent wall is identified by either:
-/// 1. The final URL pointing at a known consent host/path, or
-/// 2. A consent-wall title prefix with a very small body.
-fn is_consent_wall(result: &ExtractionResult) -> bool {
-    if let Some(ref url) = result.metadata.url {
-        let lower = url.to_ascii_lowercase();
-        if CONSENT_URL_FRAGMENTS
-            .iter()
-            .any(|fragment| lower.contains(fragment))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if result.metadata.word_count <= 50
-        && let Some(ref title) = result.metadata.title
-    {
-        let lower = title.to_lowercase();
-        if CONSENT_TITLES
-            .iter()
-            .any(|prefix| lower.starts_with(prefix))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    false
-}
-
 fn warn_empty(url: &str, reason: &EmptyReason) {
     match reason {
         EmptyReason::Antibot => eprintln!(
@@ -134,12 +74,6 @@ fn warn_empty(url: &str, reason: &EmptyReason) {
              This site requires CAPTCHA solving or browser rendering.\n\
              Use the webclaw Cloud API for automatic bypass: https://webclaw.io/pricing"
         ),
-        EmptyReason::ConsentWall => eprintln!(
-            "\x1b[33mwarning:\x1b[0m GDPR/cookie consent wall detected on {url}\n\
-             The site redirected to a consent page and returned no usable content.\n\
-             Try a different region via --proxy, or pass a pre-accepted consent cookie\n\
-             via --cookie / --cookie-file."
-        ),
         EmptyReason::JsRequired => eprintln!(
             "\x1b[33mwarning:\x1b[0m No content extracted from {url}\n\
              This site requires JavaScript rendering (SPA).\n\
@@ -166,14 +100,6 @@ struct Cli {
     #[arg(long)]
     urls_file: Option<String>,
 
-    /// Assert that the URL has been handled for shell escaping. Suppresses
-    /// the URL-truncation stderr warning. Use when the URL is intentionally
-    /// passed with an empty/keyless query (e.g. legacy CGI) or when a
-    /// trailing `&` is genuinely part of the URL. The URL is fetched as-is
-    /// (no extra normalization beyond the standard scheme prepend).
-    #[arg(long)]
-    url_encoded: bool,
-
     /// Output format (markdown, json, text, llm, html)
     #[arg(short, long, default_value = "markdown")]
     format: OutputFormat,
@@ -461,14 +387,10 @@ impl From<Browser> for BrowserProfile {
 }
 
 fn init_logging(verbose: bool) {
-    // html5ever / markup5ever / selectors emit WARN on common real-world HTML
-    // quirks. They are rarely actionable for CLI users, so keep them quiet by
-    // default while still allowing WEBCLAW_LOG to override the filter.
-    let default = "warn,html5ever=error,markup5ever=error,selectors=error";
     let filter = if verbose {
-        EnvFilter::new("webclaw=debug,html5ever=error,markup5ever=error,selectors=error")
+        EnvFilter::new("webclaw=debug")
     } else {
-        EnvFilter::try_from_env("WEBCLAW_LOG").unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new(default))
+        EnvFilter::try_from_env("WEBCLAW_LOG").unwrap_or_else(|_| EnvFilter::new("warn"))
     };
 
     tracing_subscriber::fmt().with_env_filter(filter).init();
@@ -599,31 +521,6 @@ fn normalize_url(url: &str) -> String {
     }
 }
 
-/// M14: detect URLs that look truncated by the shell (e.g. an unquoted URL
-/// that the shell split on `&` or `?`). Returns `true` when:
-///   - the URL ends with `&` (a trailing param separator suggests the next
-///     param was lopped off), OR
-///   - the URL contains `?` but no `=` after it (a query with bare keys is
-///     rare; usually a real query has at least one `=`).
-///
-/// Informational only — caller decides whether to warn / abort. This is a
-/// heuristic; legitimate URLs with bare-key queries will trigger a false
-/// positive (suppressible via `--url-encoded`).
-fn looks_truncated(url: &str) -> bool {
-    let trimmed = url.trim();
-    if trimmed.ends_with('&') {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if let Some((_before, after_q)) = trimmed.split_once('?') {
-        // Trim a trailing fragment so `?#section` etc. doesn't mask the check.
-        let query_part = after_q.split('#').next().unwrap_or(after_q);
-        if !query_part.contains('=') {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    false
-}
-
 /// Derive a filename from a URL for `--output-dir`.
 ///
 /// Strips the scheme/host, maps the path to a filesystem path, and appends
@@ -646,15 +543,7 @@ fn url_to_filename(raw_url: &str, format: &OutputFormat) -> String {
         Err(_) => (String::new(), String::new(), None),
     };
 
-    // Drop empty / "." / ".." path segments so a URL path like
-    // `/../../etc/passwd` can't climb out of the output directory.
-    let cleaned_path: String = path
-        .split('/')
-        .filter(|seg| !seg.is_empty() && *seg != "." && *seg != "..")
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .join("/");
-
-    let mut stem = cleaned_path;
+    let mut stem = path.trim_matches('/').to_string();
     if stem.is_empty() {
         // Use hostname for root URLs to avoid collisions in batch mode
         let clean_host = host.strip_prefix("www.").unwrap_or(&host);
@@ -681,59 +570,13 @@ fn url_to_filename(raw_url: &str, format: &OutputFormat) -> String {
     format!("{sanitized}.{ext}")
 }
 
-/// Reject a caller-supplied (CSV `url,filename`) name that could escape the
-/// output directory: absolute paths, drive prefixes, root, or any `..`
-/// component. Returns the validated relative path on success.
-fn safe_relative_filename(filename: &str) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
-    let candidate = Path::new(filename);
-    use std::path::Component;
-    for comp in candidate.components() {
-        match comp {
-            Component::Normal(_) | Component::CurDir => {}
-            Component::ParentDir => {
-                return Err(format!("refusing path with '..' component: {filename}"));
-            }
-            Component::RootDir | Component::Prefix(_) => {
-                return Err(format!("refusing absolute output path: {filename}"));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if candidate.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-        return Err("empty output filename".to_string());
-    }
-    Ok(candidate.to_path_buf())
-}
-
 /// Write extraction output to a file inside `dir`, creating parent dirs as needed.
-///
-/// `filename` may originate from an attacker-controlled `--urls-file`
-/// (`url,filename` CSV). It is validated for traversal, and the canonical
-/// destination directory is asserted to stay under the canonical output
-/// directory before any write.
 fn write_to_file(dir: &Path, filename: &str, content: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let rel = safe_relative_filename(filename)?;
-    let dest = dir.join(&rel);
-
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to create directory {}: {e}", dir.display()))?;
-    let base = dir
-        .canonicalize()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to resolve output dir {}: {e}", dir.display()))?;
-
+    let dest = dir.join(filename);
     if let Some(parent) = dest.parent() {
         std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
             .map_err(|e| format!("failed to create directory {}: {e}", parent.display()))?;
-        let canon_parent = parent
-            .canonicalize()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("failed to resolve {}: {e}", parent.display()))?;
-        if !canon_parent.starts_with(&base) {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "refusing to write outside output dir: {}",
-                dest.display()
-            ));
-        }
     }
-
     std::fs::write(&dest, content)
         .map_err(|e| format!("failed to write {}: {e}", dest.display()))?;
     let word_count = content.split_whitespace().count();
@@ -859,14 +702,6 @@ async fn fetch_and_extract(cli: &Cli) -> Result<FetchOutput, String> {
         .urls
         .first()
         .ok_or("no input provided -- pass a URL, --file, or --stdin")?;
-    // M14: warn when the URL looks like the shell split it on `&` or `?`.
-    // Informational only — fetch still proceeds. Suppressed by --url-encoded,
-    // which asserts the caller has handled escaping intentionally.
-    if !cli.url_encoded && looks_truncated(raw_url) {
-        eprintln!(
-            "# webclaw: warning: URL looks truncated (ends with '&' or '?'); did the shell split it? Quote the URL or use --url-encoded."
-        );
-    }
     let url = normalize_url(raw_url);
     let url = url.as_str();
 
@@ -900,11 +735,8 @@ async fn fetch_and_extract(cli: &Cli) -> Result<FetchOutput, String> {
     let client =
         FetchClient::new(build_fetch_config(cli)).map_err(|e| format!("client error: {e}"))?;
     let options = build_extraction_options(cli);
-    // M13: wrap with periodic stderr progress emitter. Fast fetches see
-    // zero emissions (timer never fires in <10s); slow fetches get a
-    // line every 10s of elapsed time so the CLI doesn't appear hung.
-    let fetch_fut = client.fetch_and_extract_with_options(url, &options);
-    let result = webclaw_fetch::with_progress(url, fetch_fut)
+    let result = client
+        .fetch_and_extract_with_options(url, &options)
         .await
         .map_err(|e| format!("fetch error: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -1017,18 +849,11 @@ async fn enrich_html_with_stylesheets(html: &str, base_url: &str) -> String {
 
     let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
         .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(5))
-        .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none())
         .build()
         .unwrap_or_default();
 
     let mut extra_css = String::new();
     for href in &hrefs {
-        if webclaw_fetch::url_security::validate_public_http_url(href)
-            .await
-            .is_err()
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
         if let Ok(resp) = client.get(href).send().await
             && resp.status().is_success()
             && let Ok(body) = resp.text().await
@@ -1548,7 +1373,7 @@ async fn run_crawl(cli: &Cli) -> Result<(), String> {
     // Fire webhook on crawl complete
     if let Some(ref webhook_url) = cli.webhook {
         let urls: Vec<&str> = result.pages.iter().map(|p| p.url.as_str()).collect();
-        let handle = fire_webhook(
+        fire_webhook(
             webhook_url,
             &serde_json::json!({
                 "event": "crawl_complete",
@@ -1559,8 +1384,8 @@ async fn run_crawl(cli: &Cli) -> Result<(), String> {
                 "urls": urls,
             }),
         );
-        // Wait for the webhook to finish so the process doesn't exit mid-send.
-        let _ = handle.await;
+        // Brief pause so the async webhook has time to fire
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
     }
 
     if result.errors > 0 {
@@ -1658,7 +1483,7 @@ async fn run_batch(cli: &Cli, entries: &[(String, Option<String>)]) -> Result<()
     // Fire webhook on batch complete
     if let Some(ref webhook_url) = cli.webhook {
         let urls: Vec<&str> = results.iter().map(|r| r.url.as_str()).collect();
-        let handle = fire_webhook(
+        fire_webhook(
             webhook_url,
             &serde_json::json!({
                 "event": "batch_complete",
@@ -1668,7 +1493,7 @@ async fn run_batch(cli: &Cli, entries: &[(String, Option<String>)]) -> Result<()
                 "urls": urls,
             }),
         );
-        let _ = handle.await;
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
     }
 
     if errors > 0 {
@@ -1742,12 +1567,9 @@ async fn spawn_on_change(cmd: &str, stdin_payload: &[u8]) {
     }
 }
 
-/// Fire a webhook POST with a JSON payload. Spawns the send on a background task
-/// and returns its `JoinHandle` so callers that need delivery (e.g. one-shot
-/// crawl/batch runs that exit immediately after) can `.await` it; long-running
-/// loops can drop the handle and let it run fire-and-forget. Errors are logged
-/// to stderr. Auto-detects Discord and Slack webhook URLs and wraps the payload.
-fn fire_webhook(url: &str, payload: &serde_json::Value) -> tokio::task::JoinHandle<()> {
+/// Fire a webhook POST with a JSON payload. Non-blocking — errors logged to stderr.
+/// Auto-detects Discord and Slack webhook URLs and wraps the payload accordingly.
+fn fire_webhook(url: &str, payload: &serde_json::Value) {
     let url = url.to_string();
     let is_discord = url.contains("discord.com/api/webhooks");
     let is_slack = url.contains("hooks.slack.com");
@@ -1780,13 +1602,6 @@ fn fire_webhook(url: &str, payload: &serde_json::Value) -> tokio::task::JoinHand
         serde_json::to_string(payload).unwrap_or_default()
     };
     tokio::spawn(async move {
-        // SSRF guard: a webhook URL is user-supplied and otherwise bypasses
-        // the fetch-layer protections, so resolve + reject private/internal
-        // destinations before sending the payload.
-        if let Err(e) = webclaw_fetch::url_security::validate_public_http_url(&url).await {
-            eprintln!("[webhook] refusing unsafe URL: {e}");
-            return;
-        }
         match reqwest::Client::builder()
             .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10))
             .build()
@@ -1809,7 +1624,7 @@ fn fire_webhook(url: &str, payload: &serde_json::Value) -> tokio::task::JoinHand
             },
             Err(e) => eprintln!("[webhook] client error: {e}"),
         }
-    })
+    });
 }
 
 async fn run_watch(cli: &Cli, urls: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
@@ -1858,9 +1673,7 @@ async fn run_watch_single(
     );
 
     loop {
-        // Clamp to >=1s: `--watch-interval 0` would otherwise spin the
-        // fetch loop with zero delay and hammer the target.
-        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(cli.watch_interval.max(1))).await;
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(cli.watch_interval)).await;
 
         if cancelled.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
             eprintln!("[watch] Stopped");
@@ -1952,9 +1765,7 @@ async fn run_watch_multi(
     let mut check_number = 0u64;
 
     loop {
-        // Clamp to >=1s: `--watch-interval 0` would otherwise spin the
-        // fetch loop with zero delay and hammer the target.
-        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(cli.watch_interval.max(1))).await;
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(cli.watch_interval)).await;
 
         if cancelled.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
             eprintln!("[watch] Stopped");
@@ -2321,7 +2132,7 @@ async fn run_batch_llm(cli: &Cli, entries: &[(String, Option<String>)]) -> Resul
     eprintln!("Processed {total} URLs ({ok} ok, {errors} errors)");
 
     if let Some(ref webhook_url) = cli.webhook {
-        let handle = fire_webhook(
+        fire_webhook(
             webhook_url,
             &serde_json::json!({
                 "event": "batch_llm_complete",
@@ -2330,7 +2141,7 @@ async fn run_batch_llm(cli: &Cli, entries: &[(String, Option<String>)]) -> Resul
                 "errors": errors,
             }),
         );
-        let _ = handle.await;
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
     }
 
     if errors > 0 {
@@ -2433,9 +2244,7 @@ async fn run_research(cli: &Cli, query: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                     .join("-")
                     .to_lowercase();
-                // char-safe truncation: byte slicing panics if char 50
-                // lands mid-codepoint (multibyte queries).
-                let slug: String = slug.chars().take(50).collect();
+                let slug = if slug.len() > 50 { &slug[..50] } else { &slug };
                 let filename = format!("research-{slug}.json");
 
                 let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&status_resp).unwrap_or_default();
@@ -2731,64 +2540,6 @@ async fn main() {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use webclaw_core::Content;
-
-    fn empty_result(title: Option<&str>, url: Option<&str>, markdown: &str) -> ExtractionResult {
-        ExtractionResult {
-            metadata: Metadata {
-                title: title.map(str::to_string),
-                description: None,
-                author: None,
-                published_date: None,
-                language: None,
-                url: url.map(str::to_string),
-                site_name: None,
-                image: None,
-                favicon: None,
-                word_count: markdown.split_whitespace().count(),
-            },
-            content: Content {
-                markdown: markdown.to_string(),
-                plain_text: markdown.to_string(),
-                links: vec![],
-                images: vec![],
-                code_blocks: vec![],
-                raw_html: None,
-            },
-            domain_data: None,
-            structured_data: vec![],
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn detect_empty_identifies_consent_redirect_url() {
-        let result = empty_result(
-            Some("Yahoo"),
-            Some("https://guce.advertising.com/collectIdentifiers?sessionId=abc"),
-            "Continue",
-        );
-        assert_eq!(detect_empty(&result), EmptyReason::ConsentWall);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn detect_empty_identifies_short_consent_title() {
-        let result = empty_result(
-            Some("Before you continue"),
-            Some("https://www.google.com/"),
-            "Review privacy options",
-        );
-        assert_eq!(detect_empty(&result), EmptyReason::ConsentWall);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn detect_empty_does_not_flag_real_content_with_consent_words() {
-        let result = empty_result(
-            Some("Cookie consent patterns explained"),
-            Some("https://example.com/blog"),
-            "This article explains cookie consent patterns for product teams with enough real body text to be useful. It covers consent banners, privacy controls, analytics configuration, regional requirements, product tradeoffs, implementation details, testing flows, debugging notes, accessibility needs, and operational lessons from real teams shipping public websites across multiple markets. It also explains measurement, rollout planning, copy review, support workflows, design constraints, release notes, and how to keep privacy choices understandable for users.",
-        );
-        assert_eq!(detect_empty(&result), EmptyReason::None);
-    }
 
     #[test]
     fn url_to_filename_root() {
@@ -2887,121 +2638,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(content, "hello");
         let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn url_to_filename_strips_traversal_segments() {
-        // `..` / `.` / empty path segments must not survive into the path.
-        let out = url_to_filename(
-            "https://example.com/../../etc/passwd",
-            &OutputFormat::Markdown,
-        );
-        assert!(!out.contains(".."), "traversal leaked: {out}");
-        assert_eq!(out, "etc/passwd.md");
-        let out2 = url_to_filename("https://example.com/a/./b//c", &OutputFormat::Json);
-        assert_eq!(out2, "a/b/c.json");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn safe_relative_filename_rejects_escapes() {
-        assert!(safe_relative_filename("../escape.md").is_err());
-        assert!(safe_relative_filename("a/../../b.md").is_err());
-        assert!(safe_relative_filename("/etc/passwd").is_err());
-        assert!(safe_relative_filename("").is_err());
-        // Normal nested relative names stay allowed.
-        assert!(safe_relative_filename("nested/deep/file.md").is_ok());
-        assert!(safe_relative_filename("./ok.md").is_ok());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn write_to_file_refuses_traversal_filename() {
-        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join("webclaw_test_traversal_dir");
-        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
-        // CSV-supplied `url,filename` traversal attempt.
-        let err = write_to_file(&dir, "../../tmp/webclaw_pwned.md", "x").unwrap_err();
-        assert!(err.contains("refusing"), "unexpected error: {err}");
-        assert!(
-            !std::path::Path::new("/tmp/webclaw_pwned.md").exists(),
-            "traversal write escaped the output dir"
-        );
-        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
-    }
-
-    // M14: URL truncation heuristic tests.
-    #[test]
-    fn looks_truncated_fires_on_trailing_ampersand() {
-        // The most common shell-split shape: `?a=1&` lost the `b=2`.
-        assert!(looks_truncated("https://example.com/?a=1&"));
-        assert!(looks_truncated("https://example.com/path?key=val&"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn looks_truncated_fires_on_query_with_no_equals() {
-        // `?foo` with no `=` is a strong signal the shell ate the `=value`.
-        assert!(looks_truncated("https://example.com/?foo"));
-        // Bare `?` (empty query) also looks like the shell ate the whole pair.
-        assert!(looks_truncated("https://example.com/?"));
-        // Same with a fragment after — strip fragment before checking.
-        assert!(looks_truncated("https://example.com/?foo#section"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn looks_truncated_silent_on_clean_url() {
-        // Normal URLs (no query, or query with at least one `=`) are clean.
-        assert!(!looks_truncated("https://example.com/"));
-        assert!(!looks_truncated("https://example.com/path/to/page"));
-        assert!(!looks_truncated("https://example.com/?a=1"));
-        assert!(!looks_truncated("https://example.com/?a=1&b=2"));
-        assert!(!looks_truncated(
-            "https://example.com/?a=1&b=2&c=hello%20world"
-        ));
-        // Hash anchors without a query are clean.
-        assert!(!looks_truncated("https://example.com/page#section"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn looks_truncated_silent_with_url_encoded_assertion_modeled_via_skip() {
-        // The --url-encoded flag suppresses the warning at the call site
-        // (main.rs gates the eprintln! behind `if !cli.url_encoded`).
-        // This test models the gate logic directly: when --url-encoded is set,
-        // the warning branch is never entered, even on a truncated-looking URL.
-        let url = "https://example.com/?a=1&";
-        let url_encoded_flag = true;
-        let should_warn = !url_encoded_flag && looks_truncated(url);
-        assert!(
-            !should_warn,
-            "--url-encoded must suppress the warning even on URL ending with &"
-        );
-
-        // Sanity: same URL without --url-encoded does warn.
-        let url_encoded_flag = false;
-        let should_warn = !url_encoded_flag && looks_truncated(url);
-        assert!(
-            should_warn,
-            "without --url-encoded, the warning should fire on URL ending with &"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn research_slug_truncation_is_char_safe() {
-        // Multibyte query: byte-slicing at 50 would panic mid-codepoint.
-        let query = "日本語".repeat(40); // 120 chars, 3 bytes each
-        let slug: String = query
-            .chars()
-            .map(|c| {
-                if c.is_alphanumeric() || c == ' ' {
-                    c
-                } else {
-                    ' '
-                }
-            })
-            .collect::<String>()
-            .split_whitespace()
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            .join("-")
-            .to_lowercase();
-        let slug: String = slug.chars().take(50).collect();
-        assert!(slug.chars().count() <= 50);
-        // Round-trips through formatting without panicking.
-        let _ = format!("research-{slug}.json");
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/Cargo.toml b/crates/webclaw-core/Cargo.toml
index 5c2743a..497e002 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ description = "Pure HTML content extraction engine for LLMs"
 version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
-# Reddit regression fixtures are real old.reddit.com pages read at test time;
-# they're large and only needed to run the test suite from the repo, so keep
-# them out of the published crate.
-exclude = ["testdata/reddit/*.html"]
 
 [features]
 default = ["quickjs"]
@@ -24,11 +20,6 @@ url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
 regex = "1"
 once_cell = "1"
 similar = "2"
-
-# rquickjs links a C library and cannot build for wasm32. Gating it per
-# target keeps the `quickjs` feature usable on native while leaving the
-# crate WASM-safe even with default features enabled.
-[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
 rquickjs = { version = "0.9", features = ["classes", "properties"], optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/endpoints.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/endpoints.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d87755c..0000000
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/endpoints.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,533 +0,0 @@
-//! API/endpoint surface discovery from HTML + JS bundle text.
-//!
-//! Pure and zero-network: callers fetch the page and its `<script src>`
-//! bundles, then hand the raw text here. We surface API paths, absolute
-//! API URLs, GraphQL and WebSocket endpoints that live in inline scripts
-//! and bundles — the surface a sitemap/`map` can never see.
-//!
-//! Heuristic by design: regex over string literals, not JS dataflow.
-//! High-signal patterns only; bounded for DoS safety.
-
-use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
-use regex::Regex;
-use scraper::{Html, Selector};
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
-use url::Url;
-
-/// Hard caps so a hostile/huge bundle set can't blow up CPU or memory.
-const MAX_SCAN_BYTES: usize = 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-const MAX_ENDPOINTS: usize = 2000;
-/// Cap on `<script src>` URLs returned for the caller to fetch.
-const MAX_SCRIPT_SRCS: usize = 40;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, serde::Serialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
-pub enum EndpointKind {
-    RelativePath,
-    AbsoluteUrl,
-    GraphQl,
-    WebSocket,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize)]
-pub struct DiscoveredEndpoint {
-    pub value: String,
-    pub kind: EndpointKind,
-    pub first_party: bool,
-    /// `"inline"` or the bundle URL the match came from.
-    pub source: String,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default, serde::Serialize)]
-pub struct EndpointReport {
-    pub endpoints: Vec<DiscoveredEndpoint>,
-    /// Distinct hosts seen across absolute URLs (first- and third-party).
-    pub hosts: Vec<String>,
-    pub bundles_scanned: usize,
-    /// True if a cap was hit and results may be incomplete.
-    pub truncated: bool,
-}
-
-// Quoted relative path that looks API-ish. Bounded quantifiers; the `regex`
-// crate is linear-time (RE2) so this cannot catastrophically backtrack.
-static RE_REL_PATH: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    Regex::new(
-        r#"["'`](/[A-Za-z0-9_\-./]{0,200}?(?:api|graphql|gql|/v[0-9]|/rest|/gateway|/internal|/discovery)[A-Za-z0-9_\-./]{0,200})["'`]"#,
-    )
-    .expect("RE_REL_PATH")
-});
-
-static RE_ABS_URL: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    Regex::new(r#"https?://[A-Za-z0-9.\-]{1,253}(?:/[A-Za-z0-9_\-./%]{0,400})?"#)
-        .expect("RE_ABS_URL")
-});
-
-static RE_WS: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    Regex::new(r#"wss?://[A-Za-z0-9.\-]{1,253}(?:/[A-Za-z0-9_\-./%]{0,256})?"#).expect("RE_WS")
-});
-
-static SCRIPT_SEL: Lazy<Selector> = Lazy::new(|| Selector::parse("script").expect("script sel"));
-
-/// Common multi-label public suffixes so `ticketmaster.co.uk` resolves to
-/// `ticketmaster.co.uk` (not `co.uk`). Not a full PSL — pragmatic v1.
-const SUFFIX2: &[&str] = &[
-    "co.uk", "org.uk", "gov.uk", "ac.uk", "me.uk", "com.au", "net.au", "org.au", "co.jp", "co.nz",
-    "co.za", "com.br", "com.mx", "com.sg", "co.in", "co.kr", "com.tr", "com.cn",
-];
-
-fn registrable_domain(host: &str) -> String {
-    let host = host.trim_end_matches('.').to_ascii_lowercase();
-    let labels: Vec<&str> = host.split('.').collect();
-    if labels.len() < 2 {
-        return host;
-    }
-    let last2 = labels[labels.len() - 2..].join(".");
-    if SUFFIX2.contains(&last2.as_str()) && labels.len() >= 3 {
-        labels[labels.len() - 3..].join(".")
-    } else {
-        last2
-    }
-}
-
-fn is_first_party(candidate_host: &str, base_reg: &str) -> bool {
-    let ch = candidate_host.to_ascii_lowercase();
-    ch == base_reg || ch.ends_with(&format!(".{base_reg}"))
-}
-
-/// Registrable domains that are spec/schema/example noise, never real API
-/// surface (minified JSON-Schema/`schema.org` refs show up constantly).
-const NOISE_HOSTS: &[&str] = &[
-    "schema.org",
-    "json-schema.org",
-    "w3.org",
-    "example.com",
-    "example.org",
-    "example.net",
-    "localhost",
-];
-
-/// A host worth reporting: multi-label with an alphabetic TLD (>=2 chars).
-/// Rejects minifier garbage like `http://f` / `http://n` and UUID-ish
-/// single labels that the URL regex otherwise picks up.
-fn is_valid_host(host: &str) -> bool {
-    let h = host.trim_end_matches('.');
-    let labels: Vec<&str> = h.split('.').collect();
-    if labels.len() < 2 || labels.iter().any(|l| l.is_empty()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    let tld = labels[labels.len() - 1];
-    tld.len() >= 2 && tld.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphabetic())
-}
-
-/// Bare/low-signal relative paths that are just the prefix, not an endpoint
-/// (e.g. `/api`, `/api/`, `/`). `/graphql`, `/gql`, `/api/x` are kept.
-fn is_noise_path(p: &str) -> bool {
-    let t = p.trim_end_matches('/');
-    t.len() < 4 || matches!(t, "/api" | "/rest")
-}
-
-/// Resolved absolute `<script src>` URLs (http/https only), deduped, capped.
-/// Inline scripts have no `src` and are scanned via [`extract_endpoints`].
-pub fn script_srcs(html: &str, base_url: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-    let base = Url::parse(base_url).ok();
-    let doc = Html::parse_document(html);
-    let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
-    let mut out = Vec::new();
-    for el in doc.select(&SCRIPT_SEL) {
-        if out.len() >= MAX_SCRIPT_SRCS {
-            break;
-        }
-        let Some(src) = el.value().attr("src") else {
-            continue;
-        };
-        let resolved = match Url::parse(src) {
-            Ok(u) => Some(u),
-            Err(_) => base.as_ref().and_then(|b| b.join(src).ok()),
-        };
-        let Some(u) = resolved else {
-            continue;
-        };
-        if (u.scheme() == "http" || u.scheme() == "https") && seen.insert(u.to_string()) {
-            out.push(u.to_string());
-        }
-    }
-    out
-}
-
-/// Extract endpoints from inline HTML scripts plus pre-fetched JS bundles.
-/// `bundles` is `(bundle_url, bundle_text)`.
-pub fn extract_endpoints(
-    html: &str,
-    base_url: &str,
-    bundles: &[(String, String)],
-) -> EndpointReport {
-    let base_reg = Url::parse(base_url)
-        .ok()
-        .and_then(|u| u.host_str().map(registrable_domain))
-        .unwrap_or_default();
-
-    let mut endpoints: Vec<DiscoveredEndpoint> = Vec::new();
-    let mut seen: BTreeSet<(String, String)> = BTreeSet::new();
-    let mut hosts: BTreeSet<String> = BTreeSet::new();
-    let mut budget = MAX_SCAN_BYTES;
-    let mut truncated = false;
-
-    let push = |value: String,
-                kind: EndpointKind,
-                source: &str,
-                endpoints: &mut Vec<DiscoveredEndpoint>,
-                seen: &mut BTreeSet<(String, String)>,
-                hosts: &mut BTreeSet<String>|
-     -> bool {
-        if endpoints.len() >= MAX_ENDPOINTS {
-            return false;
-        }
-        let first_party = match Url::parse(&value) {
-            Ok(u) => {
-                let Some(h) = u.host_str() else {
-                    return true;
-                };
-                if !is_valid_host(h) {
-                    return true; // minifier garbage host
-                }
-                if NOISE_HOSTS.contains(&registrable_domain(h).as_str()) {
-                    return true; // schema.org / json-schema.org / example.*
-                }
-                // Absolute URL with no real path is an origin/site link,
-                // not an API endpoint (drops the page's own URL too).
-                let path = u.path();
-                if path.is_empty() || path == "/" {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                hosts.insert(h.to_ascii_lowercase());
-                is_first_party(h, &base_reg)
-            }
-            // Relative path: same origin as the page by definition.
-            Err(_) => {
-                if is_noise_path(&value) {
-                    return true; // bare /api, /, ultra-short
-                }
-                true
-            }
-        };
-        if seen.insert((value.clone(), source.to_string())) {
-            endpoints.push(DiscoveredEndpoint {
-                value,
-                kind,
-                first_party,
-                source: source.to_string(),
-            });
-        }
-        true
-    };
-
-    let scan = |text: &str,
-                source: &str,
-                endpoints: &mut Vec<DiscoveredEndpoint>,
-                seen: &mut BTreeSet<(String, String)>,
-                hosts: &mut BTreeSet<String>,
-                budget: &mut usize,
-                truncated: &mut bool| {
-        if *budget == 0 {
-            return;
-        }
-        let slice = if text.len() > *budget {
-            *truncated = true;
-            // Snap the cut to a UTF-8 char boundary so non-ASCII content
-            // (multibyte codepoints straddling the budget) can't panic.
-            let mut cut = (*budget).min(text.len());
-            while cut > 0 && !text.is_char_boundary(cut) {
-                cut -= 1;
-            }
-            &text[..cut]
-        } else {
-            text
-        };
-        *budget -= slice.len();
-
-        for c in RE_REL_PATH.captures_iter(slice) {
-            if let Some(m) = c.get(1) {
-                let v = m.as_str().to_string();
-                let kind = if v.contains("graphql") || v.contains("/gql") {
-                    EndpointKind::GraphQl
-                } else {
-                    EndpointKind::RelativePath
-                };
-                if !push(v, kind, source, endpoints, seen, hosts) {
-                    *truncated = true;
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        for m in RE_WS.find_iter(slice) {
-            if !push(
-                m.as_str().to_string(),
-                EndpointKind::WebSocket,
-                source,
-                endpoints,
-                seen,
-                hosts,
-            ) {
-                *truncated = true;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-        for m in RE_ABS_URL.find_iter(slice) {
-            let v = m.as_str().to_string();
-            // Skip obvious static assets — we want API surface, not CDN files.
-            let lower = v.to_ascii_lowercase();
-            if lower.ends_with(".js")
-                || lower.ends_with(".css")
-                || lower.ends_with(".png")
-                || lower.ends_with(".jpg")
-                || lower.ends_with(".svg")
-                || lower.ends_with(".woff2")
-            {
-                // still record the host for visibility
-                if let Some(h) = Url::parse(&v)
-                    .ok()
-                    .and_then(|u| u.host_str().map(str::to_string))
-                {
-                    hosts.insert(h.to_ascii_lowercase());
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-            let kind = if lower.contains("graphql") || lower.contains("/gql") {
-                EndpointKind::GraphQl
-            } else {
-                EndpointKind::AbsoluteUrl
-            };
-            if !push(v, kind, source, endpoints, seen, hosts) {
-                *truncated = true;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Inline scripts.
-    let doc = Html::parse_document(html);
-    let mut inline = String::new();
-    for el in doc.select(&SCRIPT_SEL) {
-        if el.value().attr("src").is_none() {
-            inline.push_str(&el.text().collect::<String>());
-            inline.push('\n');
-        }
-    }
-    scan(
-        &inline,
-        "inline",
-        &mut endpoints,
-        &mut seen,
-        &mut hosts,
-        &mut budget,
-        &mut truncated,
-    );
-
-    // Bundles.
-    let mut bundles_scanned = 0usize;
-    for (src, text) in bundles {
-        if budget == 0 {
-            truncated = true;
-            break;
-        }
-        bundles_scanned += 1;
-        scan(
-            text,
-            src,
-            &mut endpoints,
-            &mut seen,
-            &mut hosts,
-            &mut budget,
-            &mut truncated,
-        );
-    }
-
-    endpoints.sort_by(|a, b| (a.kind, &a.value, &a.source).cmp(&(b.kind, &b.value, &b.source)));
-
-    EndpointReport {
-        endpoints,
-        hosts: hosts.into_iter().collect(),
-        bundles_scanned,
-        truncated,
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn registrable_domain_handles_cc_tlds() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            registrable_domain("www.ticketmaster.co.uk"),
-            "ticketmaster.co.uk"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            registrable_domain("api.ticketmaster.com"),
-            "ticketmaster.com"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            registrable_domain("pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk"),
-            "ticketmaster.co.uk"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(registrable_domain("localhost"), "localhost");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn script_srcs_resolves_and_filters() {
-        let html = r#"<html><head>
-            <script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-abc.js"></script>
-            <script src="https://cdn.example.net/lib.js"></script>
-            <script>var inline = 1;</script>
-            <script src="data:text/javascript,1"></script>
-        </head></html>"#;
-        let srcs = script_srcs(html, "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/");
-        assert!(srcs.contains(
-            &"https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/_next/static/chunks/main-abc.js".to_string()
-        ));
-        assert!(srcs.contains(&"https://cdn.example.net/lib.js".to_string()));
-        assert_eq!(srcs.len(), 2, "inline + data: ignored");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn extracts_inline_and_bundle_endpoints_with_classification() {
-        let html = r#"<html><body>
-            <script>
-              var cfg = { search: "/api/search/events", suggest: "/api/search/search-suggest" };
-              fetch("/api/venue/info");
-            </script>
-            <script src="/app.js"></script>
-        </body></html>"#;
-        let bundles = vec![(
-            "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/app.js".to_string(),
-            r#"
-              const GQL = "https://pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk/graphql";
-              axios.post("https://services.ticketmaster.co.uk/discovery/v2/events");
-              new WebSocket("wss://live.ticketmaster.co.uk/socket");
-              const ga = "https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js";
-              const img = "https://cdn.tmol.co/hero.png";
-            "#
-            .to_string(),
-        )];
-        let r = extract_endpoints(html, "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/", &bundles);
-        let vals: Vec<&str> = r.endpoints.iter().map(|e| e.value.as_str()).collect();
-
-        assert!(vals.contains(&"/api/search/events"));
-        assert!(vals.contains(&"/api/search/search-suggest"));
-        assert!(vals.contains(&"/api/venue/info"));
-        assert!(vals.contains(&"https://pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk/graphql"));
-        assert!(vals.contains(&"https://services.ticketmaster.co.uk/discovery/v2/events"));
-        assert!(vals.contains(&"wss://live.ticketmaster.co.uk/socket"));
-        // static .js asset is not an endpoint, but its host is recorded
-        assert!(!vals.contains(&"https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"));
-        assert!(r.hosts.iter().any(|h| h == "www.googletagservices.com"));
-
-        let gql = r
-            .endpoints
-            .iter()
-            .find(|e| e.value.contains("graphql"))
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(gql.kind, EndpointKind::GraphQl);
-        assert!(
-            gql.first_party,
-            "pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk is first-party to .co.uk"
-        );
-
-        let third = r
-            .endpoints
-            .iter()
-            .find(|e| e.value.starts_with("/api/venue"));
-        assert!(third.unwrap().first_party, "relative path is same-origin");
-        assert_eq!(r.bundles_scanned, 1);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn third_party_absolute_is_flagged_not_first_party() {
-        let bundles = vec![(
-            "b".to_string(),
-            r#"x="https://api.stripe.com/v1/charges""#.to_string(),
-        )];
-        let r = extract_endpoints("<html></html>", "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/", &bundles);
-        let e = r
-            .endpoints
-            .iter()
-            .find(|e| e.value.contains("stripe"))
-            .unwrap();
-        assert!(!e.first_party);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn caps_bound_pathological_input() {
-        // A huge blob of fake endpoints must not exceed MAX_ENDPOINTS and
-        // must return promptly (regex crate is linear-time).
-        let mut big = String::new();
-        for i in 0..50_000 {
-            big.push_str(&format!("\"/api/v1/item/{i}\" "));
-        }
-        let bundles = vec![("big".to_string(), big)];
-        let r = extract_endpoints("<html></html>", "https://x.com/", &bundles);
-        assert!(r.endpoints.len() <= MAX_ENDPOINTS);
-        assert!(r.truncated);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn empty_inputs_are_safe() {
-        let r = extract_endpoints("", "not a url", &[]);
-        assert!(r.endpoints.is_empty());
-        assert_eq!(r.bundles_scanned, 0);
-        assert!(!r.truncated);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn v1_1_noise_is_filtered() {
-        let bundles = vec![(
-            "b.js".to_string(),
-            r#"
-              "/api/search/events";
-              "/api"; "/api/";
-              "http://f"; "http://n/x";
-              "https://schema.org/Thing";
-              "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema";
-              "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/";
-              "https://pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk/discovery/v2/events";
-              "wss://live.ticketmaster.co.uk/socket";
-            "#
-            .to_string(),
-        )];
-        let r = extract_endpoints("<html></html>", "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/", &bundles);
-        let vals: std::collections::BTreeSet<&str> =
-            r.endpoints.iter().map(|e| e.value.as_str()).collect();
-        assert!(vals.contains("/api/search/events"));
-        assert!(vals.contains("https://pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk/discovery/v2/events"));
-        assert!(vals.contains("wss://live.ticketmaster.co.uk/socket"));
-        for junk in [
-            "/api",
-            "/api/",
-            "http://f",
-            "http://n/x",
-            "https://schema.org/Thing",
-            "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
-            "https://www.ticketmaster.co.uk/",
-        ] {
-            assert!(!vals.contains(junk), "noise leaked: {junk}");
-        }
-        assert!(
-            !r.hosts
-                .iter()
-                .any(|h| h == "f" || h == "n" || h == "schema.org")
-        );
-        assert!(r.hosts.iter().any(|h| h == "pubapi.ticketmaster.co.uk"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn scan_truncation_at_non_ascii_boundary_does_not_panic() {
-        // A bundle just over the scan budget, padded with a multibyte char
-        // ('é' is 2 bytes) so the cut lands mid-codepoint. The old
-        // `&text[..budget]` slice panicked here; the boundary snap must not.
-        let pad = "é".repeat(MAX_SCAN_BYTES); // ~2× budget in bytes
-        let bundle = format!("{pad} fetch(\"/api/x\")");
-        let bundles = vec![("big.js".to_string(), bundle)];
-        let r = extract_endpoints("<html></html>", "https://example.com/", &bundles);
-        assert!(r.truncated, "oversized bundle should mark truncated");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/js_eval.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/js_eval.rs
index e1fb2de..213b1e5 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/js_eval.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/js_eval.rs
@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
 use rquickjs::{Context, Runtime};
 use scraper::{Html, Selector};
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use tracing::debug;
 
 static SCRIPT_SELECTOR: Lazy<Selector> = Lazy::new(|| Selector::parse("script").unwrap());
 static HTML_TAG_RE: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"<[^>]+>").unwrap());
-const JS_EVAL_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
 
 /// A blob of data extracted from JS execution.
 pub struct JsDataBlob {
@@ -51,8 +49,6 @@ pub fn extract_js_data(html: &str) -> Vec<JsDataBlob> {
     let rt = Runtime::new().expect("QuickJS runtime creation failed");
     rt.set_memory_limit(64 * 1024 * 1024); // 64 MB
     rt.set_max_stack_size(1024 * 1024); // 1 MB
-    let deadline = Instant::now() + JS_EVAL_TIMEOUT;
-    rt.set_interrupt_handler(Some(Box::new(move || Instant::now() >= deadline)));
 
     let ctx = Context::full(&rt).expect("QuickJS context creation failed");
 
@@ -468,8 +464,6 @@ fn walk_rsc_tree(value: &serde_json::Value, out: &mut Vec<String>, depth: usize)
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
@@ -499,29 +493,6 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn js_eval_interrupts_infinite_loops() {
-        let html = r#"
-            <html>
-              <head>
-                <script>
-                  while (true) {}
-                </script>
-              </head>
-              <body>hello</body>
-            </html>
-        "#;
-
-        let start = Instant::now();
-        let blobs = extract_js_data(html);
-
-        assert!(blobs.is_empty());
-        assert!(
-            start.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(2),
-            "QuickJS execution should be interrupted quickly"
-        );
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn skips_external_and_module_scripts() {
         let html = r#"<html><body>
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/lib.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/lib.rs
index 8cdfbbb..80dbb5c 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,17 +7,15 @@ pub(crate) mod data_island;
 /// Zero network dependencies — WASM-compatible by design.
 pub mod diff;
 pub mod domain;
-pub mod endpoints;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod extractor;
-#[cfg(all(feature = "quickjs", not(target_arch = "wasm32")))]
+#[cfg(feature = "quickjs")]
 pub mod js_eval;
 pub mod llm;
 pub mod markdown;
 pub mod metadata;
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub(crate) mod noise;
-pub mod reddit;
 pub mod structured_data;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod youtube;
@@ -48,13 +46,9 @@ pub fn extract(html: &str, url: Option<&str>) -> Result<ExtractionResult, Extrac
 /// `url`     — optional source URL, used for resolving relative links and domain detection
 /// `options` — controls include/exclude selectors, main content mode, and raw HTML output
 ///
-/// On native targets, spawns extraction on a thread with an 8 MB stack to
-/// handle deeply nested HTML (e.g., Express.co.uk live blogs) without
-/// overflowing the default 1-2 MB main-thread stack on Windows.
-///
-/// On `wasm32`, threads are unavailable (`std::thread::spawn` panics at
-/// runtime), so extraction runs inline on the caller's stack.
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+/// Spawns extraction on a thread with an 8 MB stack to handle deeply nested
+/// HTML (e.g., Express.co.uk live blogs) without overflowing the default 1-2 MB
+/// main-thread stack on Windows.
 pub fn extract_with_options(
     html: &str,
     url: Option<&str>,
@@ -76,16 +70,6 @@ pub fn extract_with_options(
         .unwrap_or(Err(ExtractError::NoContent))
 }
 
-/// WASM has no threads; run extraction directly on the caller's stack.
-#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-pub fn extract_with_options(
-    html: &str,
-    url: Option<&str>,
-    options: &ExtractionOptions,
-) -> Result<ExtractionResult, ExtractError> {
-    extract_with_options_inner(html, url, options)
-}
-
 fn extract_with_options_inner(
     html: &str,
     url: Option<&str>,
@@ -95,24 +79,6 @@ fn extract_with_options_inner(
         return Err(ExtractError::NoContent);
     }
 
-    // Reddit fast path: parse old.reddit.com HTML directly.
-    // The fetch layer rewrites all Reddit hosts to old.reddit.com before
-    // calling extract, so we always get stable server-rendered HTML here.
-    if let Some(u) = url
-        && reddit::is_reddit_url(u)
-    {
-        if let Some(result) = reddit::try_extract(html, u) {
-            return Ok(result);
-        }
-        // A recognised comment thread that we couldn't parse (Reddit markup
-        // change, or a block/challenge page) — don't fall through to generic
-        // extraction, which would emit Reddit nav/sidebar chrome. Listings
-        // and profiles (no `/comments/`) intentionally fall through below.
-        if u.contains("/comments/") {
-            return Err(ExtractError::NoContent);
-        }
-    }
-
     // YouTube fast path: if the URL is a YouTube video page, try extracting
     // structured metadata from ytInitialPlayerResponse before DOM scoring.
     // This gives LLMs a clean, structured view of video metadata.
@@ -221,7 +187,7 @@ fn extract_with_options_inner(
     // QuickJS: execute inline <script> tags to capture JS-assigned data blobs
     // (e.g., window.__PRELOADED_STATE__, self.__next_f). This supplements the
     // static JSON data island extraction above with runtime-evaluated data.
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "quickjs", not(target_arch = "wasm32")))]
+    #[cfg(feature = "quickjs")]
     {
         let blobs = js_eval::extract_js_data(html);
         if !blobs.is_empty() {
@@ -637,36 +603,4 @@ mod tests {
             "Should extract content from deep nesting"
         );
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn wasm_direct_call_path_extracts_content() {
-        // On wasm32 `extract_with_options` runs `extract_with_options_inner`
-        // inline (no thread spawn). Exercise that exact entry point here so
-        // the WASM path stays covered on native CI, and assert it produces
-        // the same content as the public threaded entry point.
-        let html = r#"
-        <html lang="en">
-        <head><title>WASM Path</title></head>
-        <body><article><h1>Heading</h1><p>WASM-safe extraction body content.</p></article></body>
-        </html>"#;
-        let opts = ExtractionOptions::default();
-
-        let inner = extract_with_options_inner(html, Some("https://example.com"), &opts)
-            .expect("inner extraction (wasm path) should succeed");
-        assert!(
-            inner
-                .content
-                .markdown
-                .contains("WASM-safe extraction body content"),
-            "wasm direct-call path should extract body, got: {}",
-            inner.content.markdown
-        );
-
-        let threaded = extract_with_options(html, Some("https://example.com"), &opts)
-            .expect("threaded extraction should succeed");
-        assert_eq!(
-            inner.content.markdown, threaded.content.markdown,
-            "wasm path and threaded path must produce identical content"
-        );
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/body.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/body.rs
index 1e3c939..5311121 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/body.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/body.rs
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ pub(crate) fn process_body(markdown: &str) -> ProcessedBody {
     // 0c. Strip leaked JavaScript (framework hydration, self.__wrap_n, etc.)
     let text = cleanup::strip_leaked_js(&text);
 
-    // 0c2. Strip a11y link chrome ("opens new tab", external link hints)
-    let text = cleanup::strip_a11y_link_chrome(&text);
-
     // 0d. Collapse spaced-out text (CSS animation artifacts like "S t a r t")
     // Must run before any dedup -- spaced text confuses word-based dedup.
     let text = cleanup::collapse_spaced_text(&text);
@@ -73,15 +70,7 @@ pub(crate) fn process_body(markdown: &str) -> ProcessedBody {
     // d. Extract links, replace inline `[text](url)` with just `text`
     let (text, extracted_links) = links::extract_and_strip_links(&text);
 
-    // d1. Strip bare-integer paragraphs after link extraction, so
-    // `[0](#comments)` collapses to `0` before the paragraph-aware check.
-    let text = cleanup::strip_bare_number_lines(&text);
-
-    // d2. Run UI-control stripping again after link extraction. Lines like
-    // `[0](url) Next` become `0 Next`, which is pure pagination chrome.
-    let text = cleanup::strip_ui_control_text(&text);
-
-    // d3. Collapse repeated adjacent phrases on the same line
+    // d2. Collapse repeated adjacent phrases on the same line
     // (responsive variants: "Read more Read more Read more" -> "Read more")
     let text = dedup_repeated_phrases(&text);
 
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/cleanup.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/cleanup.rs
index e9073b5..c8e14ed 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/cleanup.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/cleanup.rs
@@ -146,45 +146,6 @@ pub(crate) fn strip_leaked_js(input: &str) -> String {
     out
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Accessibility link chrome ("opens new tab", "external link")
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Strip screen-reader-only link chrome that bleeds into rendered text.
-///
-/// Sites like Reuters wrap external/new-window links with hidden spans
-/// like `<span class="visually-hidden">, opens new tab</span>`. The noise
-/// filter can't reliably catch these (no consistent class hook across
-/// sites), so they end up duplicated all over the body text. This is a
-/// targeted text-level scrub of the most common phrasings.
-pub(crate) fn strip_a11y_link_chrome(input: &str) -> String {
-    static A11Y_PATTERN: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
-        Regex::new(
-            r"(?i)(?:\s*,\s*(?:opens (?:in )?(?:a )?new (?:tab|window)|opens external (?:link|website)|external link)\b\.?|\s+\((?:opens (?:in )?(?:a )?new (?:tab|window)|opens external (?:link|website)|external link)\)\.?|\s+external link\b\.?$)",
-        )
-        .unwrap()
-    });
-
-    let mut out = String::with_capacity(input.len());
-    let mut in_code_fence = false;
-    for (i, line) in input.lines().enumerate() {
-        if i > 0 {
-            out.push('\n');
-        }
-        if line.trim().starts_with("```") {
-            in_code_fence = !in_code_fence;
-            out.push_str(line);
-            continue;
-        }
-        if in_code_fence {
-            out.push_str(line);
-            continue;
-        }
-        out.push_str(&A11Y_PATTERN.replace_all(line, ""));
-    }
-    out
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Spaced-out text collapsing (CSS animation artifacts)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -385,33 +346,16 @@ pub(crate) fn is_ui_control_line(line: &str) -> bool {
         return false;
     }
 
-    // Split by whitespace: every token must be a known UI control, with short
-    // numbers allowed only when paired with real pagination chrome.
+    // Split by whitespace: every token must be a known UI control
     let tokens: Vec<&str> = trimmed.split_whitespace().collect();
     if tokens.is_empty() {
         return false;
     }
-
-    let mut has_named_control = false;
-    for token in tokens {
-        if is_bare_short_integer(token) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if is_ui_control_token(token) {
-            has_named_control = true;
-            continue;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    has_named_control
+    tokens.iter().all(|t| is_ui_control_token(t))
 }
 
 /// Known UI control tokens from Material Icons ligatures, icon fonts, and
 /// common navigation elements that leak into text extraction.
-///
-/// Match is case-insensitive: `Next`, `next`, and `NEXT` are all treated as
-/// pagination chrome when alone on a line.
 fn is_ui_control_token(token: &str) -> bool {
     const UI_CONTROLS: &[&str] = &[
         // Material Icons ligatures
@@ -445,12 +389,6 @@ fn is_ui_control_token(token: &str) -> bool {
         "search",
         "menu",
         "share",
-        // Pagination chrome left over from rendered "Next | Previous" links.
-        "next",
-        "previous",
-        "prev",
-        "older",
-        "newer",
         // Arrow/nav characters
         "\u{2190}",
         "\u{2192}",
@@ -467,56 +405,7 @@ fn is_ui_control_token(token: &str) -> bool {
         "\u{00BB}",
         "\u{00AB}",
     ];
-    let lowered = token.to_ascii_lowercase();
-    UI_CONTROLS.contains(&lowered.as_str())
-}
-
-/// Remove lines that are a bare short integer alone in their paragraph.
-///
-/// News index pages often render comment counts (`0`, `42`) and pagination
-/// page numbers (`1`, `2`) as standalone paragraphs after each article. These
-/// add zero signal and confuse downstream readers, but they are real numbers
-/// not control tokens, so [`strip_ui_control_text`] does not catch them.
-///
-/// To stay safe, we only drop a line if both conditions hold:
-/// 1. The trimmed line is a non-negative integer <= 9999.
-/// 2. The line is alone in its paragraph, surrounded by blank lines or edges.
-pub(crate) fn strip_bare_number_lines(input: &str) -> String {
-    let lines: Vec<&str> = input.lines().collect();
-    let mut out: Vec<&str> = Vec::with_capacity(lines.len());
-    let mut in_code = false;
-
-    for (i, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
-        let trimmed = line.trim();
-        if trimmed.starts_with("```") {
-            in_code = !in_code;
-            out.push(line);
-            continue;
-        }
-        if in_code {
-            out.push(line);
-            continue;
-        }
-        if is_bare_short_integer(trimmed) && is_isolated_in_paragraph(&lines, i) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        out.push(line);
-    }
-
-    out.join("\n")
-}
-
-fn is_bare_short_integer(s: &str) -> bool {
-    if s.is_empty() || s.len() > 4 {
-        return false;
-    }
-    s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit())
-}
-
-fn is_isolated_in_paragraph(lines: &[&str], i: usize) -> bool {
-    let prev_blank = i == 0 || lines[i - 1].trim().is_empty();
-    let next_blank = i + 1 == lines.len() || lines[i + 1].trim().is_empty();
-    prev_blank && next_blank
+    UI_CONTROLS.contains(&token)
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1230,37 +1119,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(strip_ui_control_text(input), "Hello\nWorld");
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn ui_control_strips_pagination_with_comment_count() {
-        assert!(is_ui_control_line("0 Next"));
-        assert!(is_ui_control_line("12 PREVIOUS"));
-        assert_eq!(strip_ui_control_text("Story\n0 Next\nMore"), "Story\nMore");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn ui_control_keeps_bare_numbers_for_context() {
-        assert!(!is_ui_control_line("2026"));
-        assert_eq!(
-            strip_ui_control_text("Revenue\n2026\nReport"),
-            "Revenue\n2026\nReport"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn bare_number_lines_strip_isolated_counts() {
-        let input = "Article title\n\n0\n\nNext article";
-        assert_eq!(
-            strip_bare_number_lines(input),
-            "Article title\n\n\nNext article"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn bare_number_lines_keep_lists_and_code() {
-        let input = "- 1\n\n1.\n\n```\n0\n```\n\nReal text";
-        assert_eq!(strip_bare_number_lines(input), input);
-    }
-
     // -- Long alt-text descriptions --
 
     #[test]
@@ -1498,48 +1356,4 @@ mod tests {
         let input = "```\nImage of something in code\n```";
         assert_eq!(strip_alt_text_noise(input), input);
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a11y_strips_opens_new_tab() {
-        let input = "Download the App, opens new tab and Subscribe, opens new tab.";
-        let out = strip_a11y_link_chrome(input);
-        assert!(!out.to_lowercase().contains("opens new tab"), "leak: {out}");
-        assert!(out.contains("Download the App"));
-        assert!(out.contains("Subscribe"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a11y_strips_external_link_variants() {
-        let cases = [
-            ("Visit our docs, opens external link", "Visit our docs"),
-            ("Click here, opens in a new window.", "Click here"),
-            ("More info external link", "More info"),
-        ];
-        for (input, expected_prefix) in cases {
-            let out = strip_a11y_link_chrome(input);
-            assert!(
-                out.starts_with(expected_prefix),
-                "input={input:?} got={out:?}"
-            );
-            assert!(!out.to_lowercase().contains("opens"), "leak: {out}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a11y_preserves_code_blocks() {
-        let input = "```\nopens new tab is a function\n```\nDownload, opens new tab";
-        let out = strip_a11y_link_chrome(input);
-        assert!(
-            out.contains("opens new tab is a function"),
-            "code stripped: {out}"
-        );
-        // Outside the fence, the chrome is removed.
-        assert!(!out.to_lowercase().contains("download, opens new tab"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a11y_preserves_external_link_prose() {
-        let input = "Researchers found an external link between the two incidents.";
-        assert_eq!(strip_a11y_link_chrome(input), input);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/links.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/links.rs
index d709951..0656aac 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/links.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/links.rs
@@ -69,18 +69,6 @@ fn is_noise_link(text: &str, href: &str) -> bool {
         return true;
     }
 
-    // Bare integer labels are usually comment counts, vote counts, or page
-    // numbers. The label alone carries no useful link context for an LLM.
-    if !text.is_empty() && text.len() <= 4 && text.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // In-page comment/discussion fragments that survived the bare-fragment
-    // check because the href is a full URL with a comment fragment.
-    if href.contains("#comment-stream") || href.contains("#comments") || href.contains("#disqus") {
-        return true;
-    }
-
     // Internal user profile / action URLs (HN-style)
     if href.contains("/user?id=")
         || href.contains("/hide?id=")
@@ -100,19 +88,10 @@ fn is_noise_link(text: &str, href: &str) -> bool {
 static MD_MARKERS_RE: Lazy<Regex> =
     Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"#{1,6}\s+|\*{1,2}|_{1,2}|`").unwrap());
 
-static A11Y_LABEL_RE: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
-    Regex::new(
-        r"(?i)(?:\s*,?\s*(?:opens (?:in )?(?:a )?new (?:tab|window)|opens external (?:link|website))\b\.?|\s*,\s*external link\b\.?|\s+external link\b\.?$)",
-    )
-    .unwrap()
-});
-
 /// Clean a link label: strip markdown, dedup repeated phrases, truncate.
 pub(crate) fn clean_link_label(raw: &str) -> String {
     // Strip markdown markers
     let label = MD_MARKERS_RE.replace_all(raw, "").to_string();
-    // Strip a11y link chrome ("opens new tab", etc.)
-    let label = A11Y_LABEL_RE.replace_all(&label, "").to_string();
     let label = label.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ");
 
     // Dedup repeated phrases in label
@@ -202,20 +181,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(is_noise_link("user", "https://hn.com/user?id=foo"));
         assert!(!is_noise_link("Rust docs", "https://rust-lang.org"));
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn link_label_preserves_external_link_prose() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            clean_link_label("Research found an external link between incidents"),
-            "Research found an external link between incidents"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn link_label_strips_terminal_external_link_chrome() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            clean_link_label("Reuters story external link"),
-            "Reuters story"
-        );
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/mod.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/mod.rs
index 0282c55..126558f 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/llm/mod.rs
@@ -46,119 +46,15 @@ pub fn to_llm_text(result: &ExtractionResult, url: Option<&str>) -> String {
     }
 
     // -- 4. Structured data (NEXT_DATA, SvelteKit, JSON-LD) --
-    // Only emit useful items: Schema.org records with a meaningful @type,
-    // and only if the total serialized size stays under a budget. Framework
-    // hydration blobs (Next.js pageProps full of ad-targeting flags, build
-    // IDs, schedule paths) explode to hundreds of KB and drown the LLM in
-    // noise — drop them rather than ship them.
-    let mut useful: Vec<_> = result
-        .structured_data
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|v| is_useful_structured_data(v))
-        .cloned()
-        .collect();
-    for value in &mut useful {
-        scrub_body_fields(value, 0);
-    }
-    if !useful.is_empty() {
-        let serialized = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&useful).unwrap_or_default();
-        const STRUCTURED_DATA_MAX_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024;
-        if serialized.len() <= STRUCTURED_DATA_MAX_BYTES {
-            out.push_str("\n\n## Structured Data\n\n```json\n");
-            out.push_str(&serialized);
-            out.push_str("\n```");
-        }
+    if !result.structured_data.is_empty() {
+        out.push_str("\n\n## Structured Data\n\n```json\n");
+        out.push_str(&serde_json::to_string_pretty(&result.structured_data).unwrap_or_default());
+        out.push_str("\n```");
     }
 
     out.trim().to_string()
 }
 
-/// Decide whether a structured-data value carries content worth emitting.
-///
-/// Schema.org records with a recognizable content `@type` (Article, NewsArticle,
-/// Product, Recipe, FAQPage, HowTo, Event, Person, Organization, BreadcrumbList,
-/// VideoObject, JobPosting, etc.) are kept. Generic `WebSite` / `WebPage` /
-/// `ItemList` records and Next.js `pageProps`-style blobs without a useful
-/// `@type` are dropped — they're almost always navigation chrome or framework
-/// hydration state.
-fn is_useful_structured_data(v: &serde_json::Value) -> bool {
-    let Some(obj) = v.as_object() else {
-        // SvelteKit can emit compact arrays of page data. Keep those if they
-        // are small enough to be useful, while still dropping giant hydration
-        // arrays under the same budget as untyped objects.
-        if v.is_array() {
-            let serialized = serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap_or_default();
-            return serialized.len() <= 4 * 1024;
-        }
-        return false;
-    };
-    // JSON-LD: @type drives the decision.
-    if let Some(t) = obj.get("@type") {
-        let types: Vec<String> = match t {
-            serde_json::Value::String(s) => vec![s.to_ascii_lowercase()],
-            serde_json::Value::Array(a) => a
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|x| x.as_str())
-                .map(str::to_ascii_lowercase)
-                .collect(),
-            _ => Vec::new(),
-        };
-        if types.is_empty() {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // Drop low-info chrome types.
-        const DROP_TYPES: &[&str] = &["website", "webpage", "sitenavigationelement"];
-        return types.iter().any(|t| !DROP_TYPES.iter().any(|d| t == d));
-    }
-    // Next.js pageProps / SvelteKit data without @type: keep only if compact.
-    // Anything over ~4KB is almost certainly hydration state, not content.
-    let serialized = serde_json::to_string(v).unwrap_or_default();
-    serialized.len() <= 4 * 1024
-}
-
-/// Recursively remove long fields that duplicate the rendered markdown body.
-///
-/// `depth` guards against stack exhaustion from attacker-controlled
-/// JSON-LD / `__NEXT_DATA__` blobs with pathological nesting: past
-/// [`MAX_SCRUB_DEPTH`] levels we stop descending and leave the subtree
-/// as-is (it is still size-capped by the `STRUCTURED_DATA_MAX_BYTES`
-/// budget in `to_llm_text`).
-fn scrub_body_fields(v: &mut serde_json::Value, depth: usize) {
-    const BODY_KEYS: &[&str] = &["articleBody"];
-    const LONG_BODY_KEYS: &[&str] = &["body", "text", "description"];
-    const LONG_THRESHOLD: usize = 500;
-    const MAX_SCRUB_DEPTH: usize = 64;
-
-    if depth >= MAX_SCRUB_DEPTH {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    match v {
-        serde_json::Value::Object(map) => {
-            map.retain(|key, value| {
-                if BODY_KEYS.contains(&key.as_str()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if LONG_BODY_KEYS.contains(&key.as_str())
-                    && value.as_str().is_some_and(|s| s.len() >= LONG_THRESHOLD)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                true
-            });
-            for value in map.values_mut() {
-                scrub_body_fields(value, depth + 1);
-            }
-        }
-        serde_json::Value::Array(values) => {
-            for value in values {
-                scrub_body_fields(value, depth + 1);
-            }
-        }
-        _ => {}
-    }
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Integration tests that exercise the full pipeline through to_llm_text
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -804,168 +700,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(out.contains("Some content"), "Content before lost: {out}");
         assert!(out.contains("More content"), "Content after lost: {out}");
     }
-
-    // -- Structured-data gating tests --
-
-    fn make_result_with_structured(values: Vec<serde_json::Value>) -> ExtractionResult {
-        let mut r = make_result("# Body");
-        r.structured_data = values;
-        r
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn structured_data_drops_chrome_types() {
-        // WebSite/WebPage records are framework chrome — should be dropped.
-        let r = make_result_with_structured(vec![serde_json::json!({
-            "@type": "WebSite",
-            "name": "Example",
-            "url": "https://example.com"
-        })]);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&r, None);
-        assert!(
-            !out.contains("## Structured Data"),
-            "WebSite chrome leaked into output: {out}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn structured_data_keeps_article_types() {
-        let r = make_result_with_structured(vec![serde_json::json!({
-            "@type": "NewsArticle",
-            "headline": "Big news",
-            "datePublished": "2026-05-10"
-        })]);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&r, None);
-        assert!(
-            out.contains("## Structured Data"),
-            "NewsArticle dropped: {out}"
-        );
-        assert!(out.contains("Big news"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn structured_data_scrubs_duplicate_article_body() {
-        let body = "This is the rendered article body. ".repeat(40);
-        let r = make_result_with_structured(vec![serde_json::json!({
-            "@type": "NewsArticle",
-            "headline": "Big news",
-            "articleBody": body,
-            "description": "A short useful summary"
-        })]);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&r, None);
-        assert!(out.contains("Big news"));
-        assert!(out.contains("A short useful summary"));
-        assert!(
-            !out.contains("articleBody"),
-            "Duplicate article body leaked: {out}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn llm_output_strips_comment_count_links_and_pagination() {
-        let md = "Lead paragraph.\n\n[0](https://example.com/#comment-stream) Next\n\n5 minutes read\n\n[Article](https://example.com/article)";
-        let result = make_result(md);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&result, None);
-        assert!(out.contains("Lead paragraph."));
-        assert!(out.contains("5 minutes read"));
-        assert!(out.contains("- Article: https://example.com/article"));
-        assert!(!out.contains("0 Next"), "Pagination leaked: {out}");
-        assert!(
-            !out.contains("comment-stream"),
-            "Comment link leaked: {out}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn structured_data_drops_oversized_blob() {
-        // 32KB pageProps-style blob with no @type — should be dropped.
-        let big = "x".repeat(32 * 1024);
-        let r = make_result_with_structured(vec![serde_json::json!({
-            "buildId": "abc",
-            "isFallback": false,
-            "noise": big
-        })]);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&r, None);
-        assert!(
-            !out.contains("## Structured Data"),
-            "Oversized untyped blob leaked: len={}",
-            out.len()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn structured_data_keeps_compact_untyped() {
-        // Small untyped record (e.g. a parsed pageProps with real content) — keep.
-        let r = make_result_with_structured(vec![serde_json::json!({
-            "title": "Hi",
-            "body": "small enough to keep"
-        })]);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&r, None);
-        assert!(
-            out.contains("## Structured Data"),
-            "Compact untyped dropped: {out}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn structured_data_keeps_compact_untyped_array() {
-        // SvelteKit can emit compact arrays rather than objects.
-        let r = make_result_with_structured(vec![serde_json::json!([
-            { "title": "Hi", "body": "small array item" }
-        ])]);
-        let out = to_llm_text(&r, None);
-        assert!(
-            out.contains("small array item"),
-            "Compact untyped array dropped: {out}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Walk `value` down its single `"n"` child link and return the depth
-    /// at which an `articleBody` key is still present (i.e. was NOT
-    /// scrubbed). Used to observe exactly where the recursion stopped.
-    fn first_unscrubbed_article_body_depth(mut value: &serde_json::Value) -> Option<usize> {
-        let mut depth = 0;
-        loop {
-            let obj = value.as_object()?;
-            if obj.contains_key("articleBody") {
-                return Some(depth);
-            }
-            value = obj.get("n")?;
-            depth += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn scrub_body_fields_bounds_recursion_on_deep_nesting() {
-        // Attacker-controlled JSON-LD / __NEXT_DATA__ with pathological
-        // nesting must not recurse without bound. Build a chain a little
-        // past the 64-level cap where every level carries a scrub-able
-        // `articleBody`. Levels within the cap get scrubbed; the first
-        // level past the cap keeps its `articleBody` because recursion
-        // stopped — that is the bound we assert. (Kept shallow on purpose:
-        // serde_json drops Values recursively, so a 10k-deep value would
-        // overflow the stack just being dropped.)
-        const DEPTH: usize = 80;
-        let mut node = serde_json::json!({ "articleBody": "x".repeat(600) });
-        for _ in 0..DEPTH {
-            node = serde_json::json!({
-                "articleBody": "x".repeat(600),
-                "n": node,
-            });
-        }
-
-        scrub_body_fields(&mut node, 0);
-
-        let stopped_at = first_unscrubbed_article_body_depth(&node)
-            .expect("recursion must stop and leave a deep articleBody intact");
-        // Top levels were scrubbed; the survivor sits right at the cap.
-        assert_eq!(
-            stopped_at, 64,
-            "recursion should stop at the depth cap, stopped at {stopped_at}"
-        );
-        assert!(
-            node.as_object().unwrap().get("articleBody").is_none(),
-            "shallow articleBody must still be scrubbed"
-        );
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/markdown.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/markdown.rs
index 2699166..d0a2c23 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/markdown.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/markdown.rs
@@ -320,9 +320,6 @@ fn children_to_md(
                 }
             }
             Node::Text(text) => {
-                if !text.is_empty() && !out.is_empty() && needs_separator(&out, text) {
-                    out.push(' ');
-                }
                 out.push_str(text);
             }
             _ => {}
@@ -353,9 +350,6 @@ fn inline_text(
                 }
             }
             Node::Text(text) => {
-                if !text.is_empty() && !out.is_empty() && needs_separator(&out, text) {
-                    out.push(' ');
-                }
                 out.push_str(text);
             }
             _ => {}
@@ -367,65 +361,11 @@ fn inline_text(
 
 /// Check whether a space is needed between two adjacent chunks of output.
 /// Returns true when the left side doesn't end with whitespace and the right
-/// side doesn't start with whitespace, except around punctuation that should
-/// bind to the adjacent token.
+/// side doesn't start with whitespace — i.e., two words would be mashed together.
 fn needs_separator(left: &str, right: &str) -> bool {
-    let l = left.chars().next_back().unwrap_or(' ');
-    let r = right.chars().next().unwrap_or(' ');
-
-    if l.is_whitespace() || r.is_whitespace() {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Do not create "word ," / "word )" / "word 's" artifacts.
-    if is_closing_punctuation(r) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Do not create "( word" / "[ 1" artifacts.
-    if is_opening_punctuation(l) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Common inline-code suffixes: `Option`s, `x`'s. Treat them like a
-    // single token rather than separating the text node.
-    if matches!(l, '`' | ')') && starts_with_inline_code_suffix(right) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    true
-}
-
-fn starts_with_inline_code_suffix(s: &str) -> bool {
-    let trimmed = s.trim_start_matches(['*', '_']);
-    let mut chars = trimmed.chars();
-    let Some(first) = chars.next() else {
-        return false;
-    };
-
-    if matches!(first, '\'' | '’') {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if !matches!(first, 's' | 'S') {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    match chars.next() {
-        None => true,
-        Some(c) => c.is_whitespace() || is_closing_punctuation(c) || matches!(c, '*' | '_'),
-    }
-}
-
-fn is_closing_punctuation(c: char) -> bool {
-    matches!(
-        c,
-        '.' | ',' | ';' | ':' | '!' | '?' | ')' | ']' | '}' | '%' | '\'' | '’' | '"' | '”'
-    )
-}
-
-fn is_opening_punctuation(c: char) -> bool {
-    matches!(c, '(' | '[' | '{' | '"' | '“')
+    let l = left.as_bytes().last().copied().unwrap_or(b' ');
+    let r = right.as_bytes().first().copied().unwrap_or(b' ');
+    !l.is_ascii_whitespace() && !r.is_ascii_whitespace()
 }
 
 /// Collect raw text content (no markdown formatting).
@@ -1666,39 +1606,4 @@ mod tests {
             "collapse_whitespace stripped 6-space indent: {output}"
         );
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn text_after_inline_element_keeps_separator() {
-        // Reuters-style markup: <a><time>3h</time>ago</a><a>Tanker crosses...</a>
-        // The "ago" text node sits between two element children. Without a
-        // separator check on the Text branch, "ago" + "Tanker" would smash
-        // together as "agoTanker".
-        let html = r#"<div><span>3h</span>ago<span>Tanker crosses Strait</span></div>"#;
-        let (md, _, _) = convert_html(html, None);
-        assert!(
-            !md.contains("agoTanker"),
-            "Element->Text->Element smashed together: {md}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn punctuation_after_inline_element_stays_attached() {
-        let html = r#"<p><span>Hello</span>, world. Use <code>package.json</code>.</p>"#;
-        let (md, _, _) = convert_html(html, None);
-        assert!(md.contains("Hello, world"), "punctuation detached: {md}");
-        assert!(
-            md.contains("`package.json`."),
-            "code punctuation detached: {md}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn inline_code_suffix_stays_attached() {
-        let html = r#"<p><a href="https://example.com"><code>NullPointerException</code></a><em>s</em> are common.</p>"#;
-        let (md, _, _) = convert_html(html, None);
-        assert!(
-            md.contains("[`NullPointerException`](https://example.com)*s* are common"),
-            "code suffix detached: {md}"
-        );
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/reddit.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/reddit.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f6c53e..0000000
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/reddit.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,968 +0,0 @@
-//! Reddit thread extractor — parses old.reddit.com HTML directly.
-//!
-//! old.reddit.com serves fully server-rendered HTML with stable class names
-//! and data attributes. No JS, no API key, no `.json` trick needed.
-
-use scraper::{ElementRef, Html, Selector};
-use serde::Serialize;
-
-use crate::{Content, DomainData, DomainType, ExtractionResult, Metadata};
-
-// ─── Public types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-#[derive(Serialize)]
-pub struct RedditPost {
-    pub id: Option<String>,
-    pub title: String,
-    pub author: String,
-    pub subreddit: Option<String>,
-    pub score: i64,
-    pub body: Option<String>,
-    pub num_comments: usize,
-    pub permalink: String,
-    pub url: Option<String>,
-    pub is_self: bool,
-    pub flair: Option<String>,
-    pub created_utc: Option<String>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize)]
-pub struct RedditComment {
-    pub id: Option<String>,
-    pub author: String,
-    pub body: String,
-    /// `None` when Reddit hides the score (fresh comments). Distinct from
-    /// `Some(0)`, which is a real net-zero score.
-    pub score: Option<i64>,
-    pub depth: usize,
-    pub is_op: bool,
-    pub created_utc: Option<String>,
-    pub replies: Vec<RedditComment>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize)]
-pub struct RedditThread {
-    #[serde(rename = "url")]
-    pub source_url: String,
-    pub post: Option<RedditPost>,
-    pub comments: Vec<RedditComment>,
-}
-
-// ─── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-pub fn is_reddit_url(url: &str) -> bool {
-    matches!(
-        host_of(url),
-        "reddit.com" | "www.reddit.com" | "old.reddit.com" | "np.reddit.com" | "new.reddit.com"
-    )
-}
-
-/// Try to parse a Reddit thread from old.reddit.com HTML.
-/// Returns `None` if the page doesn't have recognisable Reddit structure.
-pub fn try_extract_thread(html: &str, url: &str) -> Option<RedditThread> {
-    if !url.contains("/comments/") {
-        return None;
-    }
-    let doc = Html::parse_document(html);
-    let post = parse_post(&doc);
-    let op = post.as_ref().map(|p| p.author.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
-    let comments = parse_comments(&doc, op);
-
-    if post.is_none() && comments.is_empty() {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    Some(RedditThread {
-        source_url: url.to_string(),
-        post,
-        comments,
-    })
-}
-
-/// Entry point for `webclaw-core`'s extraction fast path.
-pub fn try_extract(html: &str, url: &str) -> Option<ExtractionResult> {
-    let thread = try_extract_thread(html, url)?;
-    Some(to_extraction_result(&thread))
-}
-
-// ─── ExtractionResult builder ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-fn to_extraction_result(thread: &RedditThread) -> ExtractionResult {
-    let md = to_markdown(thread);
-    let plain = plain_text(&md);
-    let wc = md.split_whitespace().count();
-
-    let (title, author, site_name) = thread
-        .post
-        .as_ref()
-        .map(|p| {
-            (
-                Some(p.title.clone()),
-                Some(p.author.clone()),
-                p.subreddit.clone(),
-            )
-        })
-        .unwrap_or_default();
-
-    ExtractionResult {
-        metadata: Metadata {
-            title,
-            description: None,
-            author,
-            published_date: None,
-            language: Some("en".to_string()),
-            url: Some(thread.source_url.clone()),
-            site_name,
-            image: None,
-            favicon: None,
-            word_count: wc,
-        },
-        content: Content {
-            markdown: md,
-            plain_text: plain,
-            links: vec![],
-            images: vec![],
-            code_blocks: vec![],
-            raw_html: None,
-        },
-        domain_data: Some(DomainData {
-            domain_type: DomainType::Social,
-        }),
-        structured_data: vec![],
-    }
-}
-
-// ─── Markdown rendering ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-pub fn to_markdown(thread: &RedditThread) -> String {
-    let mut out = String::new();
-
-    if let Some(p) = &thread.post {
-        out.push_str(&format!("# {}\n\n", p.title));
-
-        let pts = pt_label(Some(p.score));
-        let cmt = match p.num_comments {
-            0 => String::new(),
-            1 => " · 1 comment".to_string(),
-            n => format!(" · {n} comments"),
-        };
-        let sub = p.subreddit.as_deref().unwrap_or("?");
-        out.push_str(&format!("**u/{}** · r/{sub} · {pts}{cmt}\n\n", p.author));
-
-        if let Some(ref body) = p.body
-            && !body.is_empty()
-        {
-            out.push_str(body);
-            out.push_str("\n\n");
-        }
-        if let Some(ref link) = p.url
-            && !p.is_self
-        {
-            out.push_str(&format!("[Link]({link})\n\n"));
-        }
-        out.push_str("---\n\n");
-    }
-
-    if !thread.comments.is_empty() {
-        out.push_str("## Comments\n\n");
-        for c in &thread.comments {
-            render_comment(c, &mut out);
-        }
-    }
-
-    collapse_blank_lines(out.trim_end())
-}
-
-/// Render one comment + its replies. Nesting is expressed with blockquote
-/// depth (`> ` per level) rather than leading spaces: space-indentation of
-/// 4+ would turn ordinary text and ``` fences into CommonMark indented code
-/// blocks, corrupting any comment at depth ≥ 2.
-fn render_comment(c: &RedditComment, out: &mut String) {
-    let q = "> ".repeat(c.depth);
-    let blank = ">".repeat(c.depth);
-    let author = if c.is_op {
-        format!("**u/{} [OP]**", c.author)
-    } else {
-        format!("**u/{}**", c.author)
-    };
-    out.push_str(&format!("{q}{author} · {}\n", pt_label(c.score)));
-    for line in c.body.lines() {
-        if line.is_empty() {
-            out.push_str(&blank);
-            out.push('\n');
-        } else {
-            out.push_str(&q);
-            out.push_str(line);
-            out.push('\n');
-        }
-    }
-    out.push('\n');
-    for reply in &c.replies {
-        render_comment(reply, out);
-    }
-}
-
-fn pt_label(n: Option<i64>) -> String {
-    match n {
-        None => "score hidden".to_string(),
-        Some(1) => "1 pt".to_string(),
-        Some(-1) => "-1 pt".to_string(),
-        Some(n) => format!("{n} pts"),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Collapse runs of 3+ newlines down to a blank-line separator so the
-/// blockquote prefixes and `<pre>` spacing don't leave large gaps.
-fn collapse_blank_lines(s: &str) -> String {
-    let mut out = String::with_capacity(s.len());
-    let mut newlines = 0;
-    for ch in s.chars() {
-        if ch == '\n' {
-            newlines += 1;
-            if newlines <= 2 {
-                out.push(ch);
-            }
-        } else {
-            newlines = 0;
-            out.push(ch);
-        }
-    }
-    out
-}
-
-fn plain_text(md: &str) -> String {
-    md.lines()
-        .map(|l| {
-            // Strip a single leading blockquote / heading marker, then drop
-            // emphasis markers. Greedy char-class stripping (the old approach)
-            // ate legitimate content like ">"-prefixed quotes.
-            let l = l.trim_start();
-            let l = l
-                .strip_prefix("> ")
-                .or_else(|| l.strip_prefix('>'))
-                .unwrap_or(l);
-            let l = l.trim_start_matches('#').trim_start();
-            l.replace("**", "")
-                .replace("~~", "")
-                .replace(['*', '`'], "")
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .join("\n")
-}
-
-// ─── HTML parsing ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-fn parse_post(doc: &Html) -> Option<RedditPost> {
-    let sel = Selector::parse("#siteTable .thing.link").ok()?;
-    let thing = doc.select(&sel).next()?;
-    let v = thing.value();
-
-    let id = v
-        .attr("data-fullname")
-        .map(|s| s.trim_start_matches("t3_").to_string());
-    let author = v.attr("data-author").unwrap_or("[deleted]").to_string();
-    let subreddit = v.attr("data-subreddit").map(str::to_string);
-    let score: i64 = v
-        .attr("data-score")
-        .and_then(|s| s.parse().ok())
-        .unwrap_or(0);
-    let num_comments: usize = v
-        .attr("data-comments-count")
-        .and_then(|s| s.parse().ok())
-        .unwrap_or(0);
-    let permalink_path = v.attr("data-permalink").unwrap_or("");
-    let permalink = format!("https://old.reddit.com{permalink_path}");
-    // Self-posts carry the `self` class and a `self.<sub>` domain; their
-    // data-url points back at the permalink rather than an external site.
-    let is_self = v.has_class("self", scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive)
-        || v.attr("data-domain")
-            .is_some_and(|d| d.starts_with("self."));
-    let link_url = v.attr("data-url").map(str::to_string);
-    let url = if is_self { None } else { link_url };
-
-    // Title
-    let sel_title = Selector::parse(".title a.title").ok()?;
-    let title = thing
-        .select(&sel_title)
-        .next()
-        .map(|el| el.text().collect::<String>().trim().to_string())
-        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())?;
-
-    // Flair
-    let flair = Selector::parse(".linkflairlabel")
-        .ok()
-        .and_then(|s| thing.select(&s).next())
-        .map(|el| el.text().collect::<String>().trim().to_string())
-        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
-
-    // Self-text body: thing > .entry > .expando > .usertext-body [> .md]
-    let body = direct_child(thing, "entry")
-        .and_then(|entry| find_class(entry, "expando"))
-        .and_then(|expando| find_class(expando, "usertext-body"))
-        .and_then(|ut| find_class(ut, "md"))
-        .map(md_to_markdown)
-        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
-
-    // Datetime
-    let created_utc = Selector::parse("time[datetime]")
-        .ok()
-        .and_then(|s| thing.select(&s).next())
-        .and_then(|t| t.value().attr("datetime"))
-        .map(str::to_string);
-
-    Some(RedditPost {
-        id,
-        title,
-        author,
-        subreddit,
-        score,
-        body,
-        num_comments,
-        permalink,
-        url,
-        is_self,
-        flair,
-        created_utc,
-    })
-}
-
-// ─── Comment parsing ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-//
-// old.reddit.com nests comments structurally, not via a depth attribute:
-//
-//   .commentarea
-//     .sitetable.nestedlisting
-//       .comment.thing                          ← root comment
-//         .entry → form → .usertext-body → .md  ← its own body
-//         .child
-//           .sitetable.listing
-//             .comment.thing                    ← reply (recurse)
-//
-// `data-depth`/`data-replies` are absent or always "0" in the logged-out
-// HTML, so we walk the tree by recursing into each comment's `.child`.
-
-fn parse_comments(doc: &Html, op: &str) -> Vec<RedditComment> {
-    // Root listing is `.sitetable.nestedlisting` inside `.commentarea`
-    // (note: `commentarea` is a class on old.reddit, not an id). Fall back
-    // to the first `.nestedlisting` anywhere for comment-permalink pages.
-    let listing = Selector::parse(".commentarea .sitetable.nestedlisting")
-        .ok()
-        .and_then(|s| doc.select(&s).next())
-        .or_else(|| {
-            Selector::parse(".sitetable.nestedlisting")
-                .ok()
-                .and_then(|s| doc.select(&s).next())
-        });
-
-    match listing {
-        Some(l) => walk_comment_level(l, op, 0),
-        None => vec![],
-    }
-}
-
-/// Parse the direct-child `.comment.thing` elements of a comment listing.
-fn walk_comment_level(listing: ElementRef, op: &str, depth: usize) -> Vec<RedditComment> {
-    listing
-        .children()
-        .filter_map(ElementRef::wrap)
-        .filter(|c| {
-            let val = c.value();
-            val.has_class("comment", scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive)
-                && val.has_class("thing", scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive)
-        })
-        .filter_map(|c| parse_one_comment(c, op, depth))
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn parse_one_comment(c: ElementRef, op: &str, depth: usize) -> Option<RedditComment> {
-    let v = c.value();
-
-    // "load more comments" placeholders are `.thing` with type=morechildren.
-    // They carry a t1_ fullname but no real content — skip them.
-    if v.attr("data-type") == Some("morechildren")
-        || v.has_class(
-            "morechildren",
-            scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive,
-        )
-    {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    let is_deleted = v.has_class("deleted", scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive);
-    let id = v
-        .attr("data-fullname")
-        .map(|s| s.trim_start_matches("t1_").to_string());
-    let author = v
-        .attr("data-author")
-        .filter(|a| !a.is_empty())
-        .unwrap_or("[deleted]")
-        .to_string();
-
-    // Own body lives in `.entry > form > .usertext-body > .md`. `.child`
-    // (nested replies) is a sibling of `.entry`, so descending within
-    // `.entry` never crosses into a reply's body.
-    let entry = direct_child(c, "entry");
-    let body = entry
-        .and_then(|e| find_class(e, "usertext-body"))
-        .and_then(|ut| find_class(ut, "md"))
-        .map(md_to_markdown)
-        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            if is_deleted {
-                "[removed]".into()
-            } else {
-                String::new()
-            }
-        });
-
-    // Displayed score is `.score.unvoted`, whose `title` holds the exact
-    // integer (the sibling likes/dislikes spans are ±1). Hidden-score
-    // comments have no `.score.unvoted` span, so `comment_score` returns
-    // None — kept distinct from a genuine 0.
-    let score = entry.and_then(comment_score);
-
-    let created_utc = entry
-        .zip(Selector::parse("time[datetime]").ok())
-        .and_then(|(e, s)| e.select(&s).next())
-        .and_then(|t| t.value().attr("datetime"))
-        .map(str::to_string);
-
-    let is_op = !is_deleted && author != "[deleted]" && author == op;
-
-    // Replies: `.comment > .child > .sitetable > .comment`.
-    let replies = direct_child(c, "child")
-        .and_then(|child| direct_child(child, "sitetable"))
-        .map(|st| walk_comment_level(st, op, depth + 1))
-        .unwrap_or_default();
-
-    Some(RedditComment {
-        id,
-        author,
-        body,
-        score,
-        depth,
-        is_op,
-        created_utc,
-        replies,
-    })
-}
-
-/// Read a comment's score from the `.score.unvoted` span inside `.entry`.
-/// Prefers the `title` attribute (exact integer); falls back to the text.
-/// Returns `None` when Reddit hides the score (no `.score.unvoted` span).
-fn comment_score(entry: ElementRef) -> Option<i64> {
-    let sel = Selector::parse("span.score.unvoted").ok()?;
-    let span = entry.select(&sel).next()?;
-    span.value()
-        .attr("title")
-        .and_then(|t| t.trim().parse().ok())
-        .or_else(|| parse_score(&span.text().collect::<String>()))
-}
-
-// ─── DOM helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-/// First direct child element whose class list includes `class`.
-fn direct_child<'a>(el: ElementRef<'a>, class: &str) -> Option<ElementRef<'a>> {
-    el.children().filter_map(ElementRef::wrap).find(|c| {
-        c.value()
-            .has_class(class, scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive)
-    })
-}
-
-/// First descendant (any depth) whose class list includes `class`.
-fn find_class<'a>(el: ElementRef<'a>, class: &str) -> Option<ElementRef<'a>> {
-    el.children().filter_map(ElementRef::wrap).find_map(|c| {
-        if c.value()
-            .has_class(class, scraper::CaseSensitivity::AsciiCaseInsensitive)
-        {
-            Some(c)
-        } else {
-            find_class(c, class)
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-fn parse_score(text: &str) -> Option<i64> {
-    text.split_whitespace()
-        .next()
-        .map(|w| w.replace('−', "-"))
-        .and_then(|w| w.parse().ok())
-}
-
-// ─── .md div → markdown ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-fn md_to_markdown(el: ElementRef) -> String {
-    let mut out = String::new();
-    render_children(el, &mut out);
-    out.trim().to_string()
-}
-
-fn render_children(el: ElementRef, out: &mut String) {
-    use scraper::node::Node;
-    for child in el.children() {
-        match child.value() {
-            Node::Text(t) => out.push_str(t.as_ref()),
-            Node::Element(_) => {
-                if let Some(c) = ElementRef::wrap(child) {
-                    render_node(c, out);
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn render_node(el: ElementRef, out: &mut String) {
-    match el.value().name() {
-        "p" | "div" => {
-            let mut inner = String::new();
-            render_children(el, &mut inner);
-            let t = inner.trim();
-            if !t.is_empty() {
-                out.push_str(t);
-                out.push_str("\n\n");
-            }
-        }
-        "br" => out.push('\n'),
-        "strong" | "b" => {
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            let t = t.trim();
-            if !t.is_empty() {
-                out.push_str(&format!("**{t}**"));
-            }
-        }
-        "em" | "i" => {
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            let t = t.trim();
-            if !t.is_empty() {
-                out.push_str(&format!("*{t}*"));
-            }
-        }
-        "del" | "s" | "strike" => {
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            let t = t.trim();
-            if !t.is_empty() {
-                out.push_str(&format!("~~{t}~~"));
-            }
-        }
-        "code" => {
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            out.push('`');
-            out.push_str(t.trim());
-            out.push('`');
-        }
-        "pre" => {
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            out.push_str("```\n");
-            out.push_str(t.trim_end_matches('\n'));
-            out.push_str("\n```\n\n");
-        }
-        "a" => {
-            let text: String = el.text().collect();
-            let text = text.trim();
-            if !text.is_empty() {
-                // Preserve the destination as a markdown link. Resolve
-                // root-relative reddit hrefs (/r/, /user/, /wiki/, ...) and
-                // drop non-navigational ones (javascript:, #fragment, mailto:).
-                let href = el.value().attr("href").unwrap_or("");
-                if href.starts_with("http://") || href.starts_with("https://") {
-                    out.push_str(&format!("[{text}]({href})"));
-                } else if href.starts_with('/') {
-                    out.push_str(&format!("[{text}](https://old.reddit.com{href})"));
-                } else {
-                    out.push_str(text);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        "blockquote" => {
-            let mut inner = String::new();
-            render_children(el, &mut inner);
-            let trimmed = inner.trim();
-            for line in trimmed.lines() {
-                out.push('>');
-                if !line.is_empty() {
-                    out.push(' ');
-                    out.push_str(line);
-                }
-                out.push('\n');
-            }
-            out.push('\n');
-        }
-        "ul" => render_list(el, false, 0, out),
-        "ol" => render_list(el, true, 0, out),
-        "h1" | "h2" | "h3" | "h4" | "h5" | "h6" => {
-            let level = el
-                .value()
-                .name()
-                .chars()
-                .nth(1)
-                .and_then(|c| c.to_digit(10))
-                .unwrap_or(2) as usize;
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            let t = t.trim();
-            if !t.is_empty() {
-                out.push_str(&"#".repeat(level));
-                out.push(' ');
-                out.push_str(t);
-                out.push_str("\n\n");
-            }
-        }
-        "hr" => out.push_str("---\n\n"),
-        "sup" => {
-            let t: String = el.text().collect();
-            out.push_str(t.trim());
-        }
-        // Unknown / generic containers: recurse
-        _ => render_children(el, out),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Render a `<ul>`/`<ol>`, indenting nested lists by two spaces per level so
-/// child items keep their own line instead of being glued to the parent.
-fn render_list(list: ElementRef, ordered: bool, indent: usize, out: &mut String) {
-    use scraper::node::Node;
-    let pad = "  ".repeat(indent);
-    let mut n = 0;
-    for li in list
-        .children()
-        .filter_map(ElementRef::wrap)
-        .filter(|c| c.value().name() == "li")
-    {
-        n += 1;
-        // Inline content of this <li>, excluding nested lists (rendered after).
-        let mut inline = String::new();
-        for child in li.children() {
-            match child.value() {
-                Node::Text(t) => inline.push_str(t.as_ref()),
-                Node::Element(e) if e.name() == "ul" || e.name() == "ol" => {}
-                Node::Element(_) => {
-                    if let Some(c) = ElementRef::wrap(child) {
-                        render_node(c, &mut inline);
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-        let marker = if ordered {
-            format!("{n}. ")
-        } else {
-            "- ".to_string()
-        };
-        out.push_str(&format!("{pad}{marker}{}\n", inline.trim()));
-
-        for child in li.children().filter_map(ElementRef::wrap) {
-            match child.value().name() {
-                "ul" => render_list(child, false, indent + 1, out),
-                "ol" => render_list(child, true, indent + 1, out),
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if indent == 0 {
-        out.push('\n');
-    }
-}
-
-// ─── URL helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-fn host_of(url: &str) -> &str {
-    url.split("://")
-        .nth(1)
-        .unwrap_or(url)
-        .split(['/', '?', '#'])
-        .next()
-        .unwrap_or("")
-}
-
-// ─── Tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn is_reddit_url_recognises_variants() {
-        assert!(is_reddit_url(
-            "https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/"
-        ));
-        assert!(is_reddit_url(
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/"
-        ));
-        assert!(is_reddit_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/"));
-        assert!(!is_reddit_url("https://example.com"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn try_extract_thread_returns_none_for_listing_url() {
-        let html = "<html><body></body></html>";
-        assert!(try_extract_thread(html, "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/").is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn md_to_markdown_basic() {
-        let html =
-            Html::parse_fragment(r#"<div class="md"><p>Hello <strong>world</strong>!</p></div>"#);
-        let sel = Selector::parse(".md").unwrap();
-        let el = html.select(&sel).next().unwrap();
-        let md = md_to_markdown(el);
-        assert!(md.contains("**world**"));
-        assert!(md.contains("Hello"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn md_to_markdown_blockquote_and_code() {
-        let html = Html::parse_fragment(
-            r#"<div class="md"><blockquote><p>Quoted</p></blockquote><pre><code>fn main() {}</code></pre></div>"#,
-        );
-        let sel = Selector::parse(".md").unwrap();
-        let el = html.select(&sel).next().unwrap();
-        let md = md_to_markdown(el);
-        assert!(md.contains("> Quoted"));
-        assert!(md.contains("```"));
-        assert!(md.contains("fn main()"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn md_to_markdown_link_preserves_href() {
-        let abs = Html::parse_fragment(
-            r#"<div class="md"><p>see <a href="https://example.com/x">this</a></p></div>"#,
-        );
-        let sel = Selector::parse(".md").unwrap();
-        let el = abs.select(&sel).next().unwrap();
-        assert!(md_to_markdown(el).contains("[this](https://example.com/x)"));
-
-        // Root-relative reddit links resolve against old.reddit.com.
-        let rel = Html::parse_fragment(
-            r#"<div class="md"><p><a href="/r/rust/wiki/faq">faq</a></p></div>"#,
-        );
-        let el = rel.select(&sel).next().unwrap();
-        assert!(md_to_markdown(el).contains("[faq](https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/wiki/faq)"));
-
-        // javascript: / fragment hrefs degrade to bare text.
-        let js = Html::parse_fragment(
-            r#"<div class="md"><p><a href="javascript:void(0)">x</a></p></div>"#,
-        );
-        let el = js.select(&sel).next().unwrap();
-        let out = md_to_markdown(el);
-        assert!(out.contains('x') && !out.contains("javascript"));
-    }
-
-    // ── Regression tests against REAL old.reddit.com HTML ──────────────────
-    //
-    // These fixtures are genuine pages fetched from old.reddit.com (see
-    // testdata/reddit/). They are the ground truth — synthetic HTML is too
-    // easy to write to match wrong assumptions, which is exactly how the
-    // first version of this parser shipped silently broken.
-
-    fn fixture(name: &str) -> String {
-        std::fs::read_to_string(format!("testdata/reddit/{name}")).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn total_comments(cs: &[RedditComment]) -> usize {
-        cs.len() + cs.iter().map(|c| total_comments(&c.replies)).sum::<usize>()
-    }
-
-    fn collect<'a>(cs: &'a [RedditComment], out: &mut Vec<&'a RedditComment>) {
-        for c in cs {
-            out.push(c);
-            collect(&c.replies, out);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_link_post_metadata() {
-        // pandas: external-link post (blog.geekuni.com), 34 comments.
-        let html = fixture("pandas_34comments.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should parse");
-        let p = t.post.expect("post");
-        assert_eq!(p.author, "Horror-Willingness74");
-        assert_eq!(p.subreddit.as_deref(), Some("programming"));
-        assert_eq!(p.score, 43);
-        assert_eq!(p.num_comments, 34, "data-comments-count");
-        assert!(!p.is_self, "external blog link, not a self post");
-        assert_eq!(
-            p.url.as_deref(),
-            Some("https://blog.geekuni.com/2026/06/why-learn-pandas.html")
-        );
-        assert!(p.title.contains("Pandas"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_self_post_metadata() {
-        // A self-post (text) on r/rust: `self.rust` domain, self-text body,
-        // no external url.
-        let html = fixture("rust_selfpost_36comments.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(&html, "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc123/t/")
-            .expect("should parse");
-        let p = t.post.expect("post");
-        assert!(p.is_self, "self.rust domain → self post");
-        assert_eq!(p.url, None, "self posts carry no external url");
-        assert_eq!(p.subreddit.as_deref(), Some("rust"));
-        assert!(
-            p.body
-                .as_deref()
-                .unwrap_or("")
-                .contains("IT project manager"),
-            "self-text body should be extracted: {:?}",
-            p.body
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_comment_bodies_and_scores() {
-        // The original bug: every comment body came back empty because
-        // .usertext-body sits inside a <form>, not directly under .entry.
-        let html = fixture("ebpf_6comments.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should parse");
-        // 6 comments total: 5 top-level + 1 nested reply (admalledd under ejrh).
-        assert_eq!(t.comments.len(), 5, "5 top-level comments");
-        assert_eq!(total_comments(&t.comments), 6, "6 comments incl. nested");
-        let teerre = t
-            .comments
-            .iter()
-            .find(|c| c.author == "teerre")
-            .expect("teerre");
-        assert!(
-            teerre.body.contains("Very cool blog"),
-            "body must be populated, got {:?}",
-            teerre.body
-        );
-        // Score comes from .score.unvoted title (the real value), not the
-        // ±1 likes/dislikes siblings.
-        assert_eq!(
-            teerre.score,
-            Some(10),
-            "unvoted score, not dislikes(9)/likes(11)"
-        );
-        assert!(
-            t.comments.iter().all(|c| !c.body.is_empty()),
-            "no comment body should be empty"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_nested_comment_tree() {
-        // pandas has structurally-nested replies (.child > .sitetable >
-        // .comment). data-depth/data-replies are absent in logged-out HTML.
-        let html = fixture("pandas_34comments.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should parse");
-        // 34 rendered comments with content + 1 [deleted] node that old.reddit
-        // still shows because it has live replies = 35 nodes in the tree.
-        assert_eq!(
-            total_comments(&t.comments),
-            35,
-            "all comments incl. nested + deleted"
-        );
-        let nested = t.comments.iter().any(|c| !c.replies.is_empty());
-        assert!(nested, "at least one comment must have replies");
-        let max_depth = {
-            fn d(cs: &[RedditComment]) -> usize {
-                cs.iter().map(|c| 1 + d(&c.replies)).max().unwrap_or(0)
-            }
-            d(&t.comments)
-        };
-        assert!(max_depth >= 2, "tree should be more than one level deep");
-        let a_reply = t.comments.iter().find_map(|c| c.replies.first());
-        assert_eq!(a_reply.map(|r| r.depth), Some(1));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_morechildren_stubs_skipped() {
-        // AskReddit deep thread: 259 .thing[data-fullname=t1_] markers, but
-        // some are "load more comments" stubs (data-type=morechildren) with
-        // no author/body. They must not appear as ghost comments.
-        let html = fixture("askreddit_deep_morechildren.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should parse");
-        fn check(cs: &[RedditComment]) {
-            for c in cs {
-                let ghost = c.body.is_empty() && c.author == "[deleted]" && c.id.is_some();
-                assert!(!ghost, "morechildren stub leaked as comment: {:?}", c.id);
-                check(&c.replies);
-            }
-        }
-        check(&t.comments);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_hidden_score_is_none_not_zero() {
-        // AskReddit has fresh comments with `.score-hidden` (no .score.unvoted
-        // span). These must be None, distinct from a genuine 0-score comment.
-        let html = fixture("askreddit_deep_morechildren.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should parse");
-        let mut all = Vec::new();
-        collect(&t.comments, &mut all);
-        assert!(
-            all.iter().any(|c| c.score.is_none()),
-            "some fresh comments have hidden scores → None"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_deleted_comment_preserves_subtree() {
-        // pandas has a [deleted] comment that still has visible replies. The
-        // structural walk must keep it so its children aren't orphaned.
-        let html = fixture("pandas_34comments.html");
-        let t = try_extract_thread(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should parse");
-        let mut all = Vec::new();
-        collect(&t.comments, &mut all);
-        let deleted: Vec<_> = all.iter().filter(|c| c.author == "[deleted]").collect();
-        assert!(!deleted.is_empty(), "should keep deleted comments");
-        assert!(
-            deleted.iter().any(|c| !c.replies.is_empty()),
-            "a deleted comment with replies must retain its subtree"
-        );
-        assert!(deleted.iter().all(|c| !c.is_op));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn real_markdown_is_commonmark_clean() {
-        // Guards the markdown bugs the verification workflow found: no
-        // whitespace-only "blank" lines, and ``` fences never indented 4+
-        // spaces (which would turn them into literal indented code blocks).
-        let html = fixture("elixir_60comments.html");
-        let result = try_extract(
-            &html,
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/abc123/t/",
-        )
-        .expect("should extract");
-        let md = &result.content.markdown;
-        assert!(md.starts_with("# "));
-        assert!(md.contains("## Comments"));
-        for line in md.lines() {
-            assert!(
-                !(line.starts_with(' ') && line.trim().is_empty()),
-                "whitespace-only line: {line:?}"
-            );
-            let trimmed = line.trim_start_matches(['>', ' ']);
-            if trimmed.starts_with("```") {
-                let indent = line.len() - line.trim_start_matches(' ').len();
-                assert!(indent < 4, "code fence indented {indent} spaces: {line:?}");
-            }
-        }
-        assert!(result.metadata.word_count > 20);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/src/structured_data.rs b/crates/webclaw-core/src/structured_data.rs
index d40465f..cd1ae1b 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/src/structured_data.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-core/src/structured_data.rs
@@ -178,12 +178,7 @@ pub fn extract_sveltekit(html: &str) -> Vec<Value> {
 /// Preserves already-quoted keys and string values.
 fn js_literal_to_json(input: &str) -> String {
     let bytes = input.as_bytes();
-    // Accumulate raw bytes, not `byte as char`. The input is valid UTF-8 and we
-    // only ever copy its bytes verbatim or insert ASCII quotes, so the result is
-    // guaranteed valid UTF-8 — copying byte-by-byte preserves multibyte
-    // codepoints (e.g. accented/CJK string values) instead of mangling them
-    // into Latin-1 mojibake.
-    let mut out: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(input.len() + input.len() / 10);
+    let mut out = String::with_capacity(input.len() + input.len() / 10);
     let mut i = 0;
     let len = bytes.len();
 
@@ -192,14 +187,14 @@ fn js_literal_to_json(input: &str) -> String {
 
         // Skip through strings
         if b == b'"' {
-            out.push(b'"');
+            out.push('"');
             i += 1;
             while i < len {
                 let c = bytes[i];
-                out.push(c);
+                out.push(c as char);
                 i += 1;
                 if c == b'\\' && i < len {
-                    out.push(bytes[i]);
+                    out.push(bytes[i] as char);
                     i += 1;
                 } else if c == b'"' {
                     break;
@@ -210,11 +205,11 @@ fn js_literal_to_json(input: &str) -> String {
 
         // After { or , — look for unquoted key followed by :
         if (b == b'{' || b == b',' || b == b'[') && i + 1 < len {
-            out.push(b);
+            out.push(b as char);
             i += 1;
             // Skip whitespace
             while i < len && bytes[i].is_ascii_whitespace() {
-                out.push(bytes[i]);
+                out.push(bytes[i] as char);
                 i += 1;
             }
             // Check if next is an unquoted identifier (key)
@@ -223,30 +218,29 @@ fn js_literal_to_json(input: &str) -> String {
                 while i < len && (bytes[i].is_ascii_alphanumeric() || bytes[i] == b'_') {
                     i += 1;
                 }
-                let key = &bytes[key_start..i];
+                let key = &input[key_start..i];
                 // Skip whitespace after key
                 while i < len && bytes[i].is_ascii_whitespace() {
                     i += 1;
                 }
                 // If followed by :, it's an unquoted key — quote it
                 if i < len && bytes[i] == b':' {
-                    out.push(b'"');
-                    out.extend_from_slice(key);
-                    out.push(b'"');
+                    out.push('"');
+                    out.push_str(key);
+                    out.push('"');
                 } else {
                     // Not a key — might be a bare value like true/false/null
-                    out.extend_from_slice(key);
+                    out.push_str(key);
                 }
             }
             continue;
         }
 
-        out.push(b);
+        out.push(b as char);
         i += 1;
     }
 
-    // Safe: we only copied bytes from valid-UTF-8 `input` plus ASCII quotes.
-    String::from_utf8(out).unwrap_or_else(|e| String::from_utf8_lossy(e.as_bytes()).into_owned())
+    out
 }
 
 /// Replace raw newlines/tabs inside JSON string values with escape sequences.
@@ -446,17 +440,4 @@ newline"}"#;
         assert_eq!(parsed["text"], "line1\nline2");
         assert_eq!(parsed["raw"], "has\nnewline");
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn js_literal_to_json_preserves_multibyte_utf8() {
-        // Unquoted ASCII keys with accented and CJK string values (the shape
-        // SvelteKit emits). The old `byte as char` path turned the multibyte
-        // values into Latin-1 mojibake; they must now survive intact.
-        let input = r#"{name:"déjà vu", city:"東京", emoji:"🌱"}"#;
-        let json = js_literal_to_json(input);
-        let parsed: Value = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(parsed["name"], "déjà vu");
-        assert_eq!(parsed["city"], "東京");
-        assert_eq!(parsed["emoji"], "🌱");
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-core/testdata/reddit/askreddit_deep_morechildren.html b/crates/webclaw-core/testdata/reddit/askreddit_deep_morechildren.html
deleted file mode 100644
index decf833..0000000
--- a/crates/webclaw-core/testdata/reddit/askreddit_deep_morechildren.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,596 +0,0 @@
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comments</span>&#32;</div><div class="read-next-title">What’s the most attractive physical trait in your opinion?</div></a></div></div></div></aside></div></div></div><a name="content"></a><div class="content" role="main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Question" ><section class="infobar listingsignupbar"><a href="/login" class="login-required listingsignupbar__container"><h2 class="listingsignupbar__title">Welcome to Reddit,</h2><p class="listingsignupbar__desc">the front page of the internet.</p><div class="listingsignupbar__cta-container"><span class="c-btn c-btn-primary c-pull-left listingsignupbar__cta-button">Become a Redditor</span><p class="listingsignupbar__cta-desc">and join one of thousands of communities.</p></div></a><a href="#" class="listingsignupbar__close" title="close">&times;</a></section><style>body >.content .link .rank, .rank-spacer { width: 1.1ex } body >.content .link .midcol, .midcol-spacer { width: 4.1ex } .adsense-wrap { background-color: #eff7ff; 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class="rank"></span><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="score dislikes" title="552">552</div><div class="score unvoted" title="553">553</div><div class="score likes" title="554">554</div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><div class="top-matter"><p class="title"><a class="title may-blank " data-event-action="title" href="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/" tabindex="1" >What is going to happen when the lower class will not be able to afford anything anymore?</a><div hidden itemprop="name">What is going to happen when the lower class will not be able to afford anything anymore?</div>&#32;<span class="domain">(<a href="/r/AskReddit/">self.AskReddit</a>)</span></p><p class="tagline ">submitted&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 10:46:07 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T10:46:07+00:00" class="live-timestamp">3 hours ago</time>&#32;by&#32;<a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/i_knoooow0" class="author may-blank id-t2_2flsbrix4v" >i_knoooow0</a><span class="userattrs"></span></p><ul class="flat-list buttons"><li class="first"><a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/" data-event-action="comments" class="bylink comments may-blank" rel="nofollow" >570 comments</a></li><li class="share"><a class="post-sharing-button" href="javascript: void 0;">share</a></li><li class="link-save-button save-button login-required"><a href="#">save</a></li><li><form action="/post/hide" method="post" class="state-button hide-button"><input type="hidden" name="executed" value="hidden" /><span><a href="javascript:void(0)" class=" " data-event-action="hide" onclick="change_state(this, 'hide', 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commentsignupbar"><div class="commentsignupbar__container"><a href="/login" class="login-required commentsignupbar__link-wrapper"><textarea class="commentsignupbar__textarea"></textarea><div class="commentsignupbar__textarea-above"><h2 class="commentsignupbar__title">Want to add to the discussion?</h2><p class="commentsignupbar__desc">Post a comment!</p><div class="commentsignupbar__cta-container"><span class="c-btn c-btn-primary commentsignupbar__cta-button">Create an account</span></div></div></a></div></section><span hidden itemprop="answerCount">78</span><div id="siteTable_t3_1twk04i" class="sitetable nestedlisting"><div class=" thing id-t1_opor89g noncollapsed &#32; comment " id="thing_t1_opor89g" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opor89g" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="AskReddit" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/AskReddit" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2qh1i" data-subreddit-type="public" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" data-author="ACE_Wrap" data-author-fullname="t2_1s0qp9ftoc" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opor89g/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opor89g"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/ACE_Wrap" class="author may-blank id-t2_1s0qp9ftoc" >ACE_Wrap</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span hidden itemprop="upvoteCount">887</span><span hidden itemprop="downvoteCount">0</span><a hidden itemprop="url" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opor89g/">Answer Link</a><span class="score dislikes" title="886">886 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="887">887 points</span><span class="score likes" title="888">888 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 10:52:08 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T10:52:08+00:00" class="live-timestamp">3 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(147 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opor89gp87"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opor89g"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " itemprop="text" ><div class="md"><p>As long as a few basic needs - like food and water - are secured, nothing much. Once that stops though, all options are on the table.</p>
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-<p>Fat chance of that though, it requires a longer term view that is not compatible with quarterly profit reports.</p>
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-<p>nd the heat generated by the data center to both desalinate the seawater and recover salt and minerals from it.</p>
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-<p>Do these AI chips run hot enough for that, or does desalination work at lower temps than I think it does? Most PC hardware doesn&#39;t like temps anywhere near hot enough to boil water</p>
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-<p>If you have access to free and clean water now, I’d suggest start filling up bottles.</p>
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-<p>Yea but you cant drink that unless its sanitized and stored properly. I k ow theres a process for treating it but idk what that is. </p>
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comment score-hidden " id="thing_t1_opplb3z" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opplb3z" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="AskReddit" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/AskReddit" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2qh1i" data-subreddit-type="public" data-author="InNominePasta" data-author-fullname="t2_6t7wi" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opplb3z/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opplb3z"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/InNominePasta" class="author may-blank id-t2_6t7wi" >InNominePasta</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span class="score-hidden" title="this subreddit hides comment scores for 60 minutes">[score hidden]</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 13:43:53 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T13:43:53+00:00" class="live-timestamp">39 minutes ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(0 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opplb3zzr4"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opplb3z"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><p>Invest in a bunch of Sawyer filters. Then you just need fresh water, regardless of how clean it is. Streams, puddles, whatever </p>
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How many people are reliant on cars to get food? Or goes beyond just driving to the grocery store or walmart. What happens when the price of bread is 30 bucks a loaf because there&#39;s no gas to ship it.</p>
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-<p>Walmart, Costco, Kroger, and Aldi dominate groceries. Sure, there are some franchise Price Choppers or whatever, but most of America buys their food at massive chains. What happens when Walmart can&#39;t ship it to Suburban and rural America? </p>
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-<p>Robo taxis on subscription are the future. </p>
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-<p>These are the &quot;great houses&quot; of the US now and the respective oligarchs aren&#39;t going to let their money machines get disrupted.</p>
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-<p>It’s not going to be pretty thats for sure</p>
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-
-<p>Meanwhile Netflix et al are doing the same to watching the circuses on a screen. </p>
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-<p>The oligarchy aren’t thinking it through. They do not want a hungry <em>bored</em> populace. </p>
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-<p>The Romans understood this; the French royalty did not. </p>
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-<p>&quot;Beggars in Spain&quot; - Nancy Kress</p>
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font-weight: bold" class="button" id="more_t1_oppkr5w" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return morechildren(this, 't3_1twk04i', 'confidence', 'c1:t1_oppkr5w,t1_opp030w,t1_oppkzmo,t1_oppnmek,t1_oppqkkx,t1_opptaf6,t1_opptppt,t1_oppdnlq', 'False')">load more comments<span class="gray">&nbsp;(8 replies)</span></a></span><ul class="flat-list buttons"></ul><div class="reportform report-t1_oppkr5w"></div></div><div class="child" ></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div><div class=" thing id-t1_opoqtow noncollapsed &#32; comment " id="thing_t1_opoqtow" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opoqtow" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="AskReddit" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/AskReddit" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2qh1i" data-subreddit-type="public" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" data-author="Only_Employer5690" data-author-fullname="t2_2cx3asa0xn" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opoqtow/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opoqtow"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/Only_Employer5690" class="author may-blank id-t2_2cx3asa0xn" >Only_Employer5690</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span hidden itemprop="upvoteCount">313</span><span hidden itemprop="downvoteCount">0</span><a hidden itemprop="url" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opoqtow/">Answer Link</a><span class="score dislikes" title="312">312 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="313">313 points</span><span class="score likes" title="314">314 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 10:49:17 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T10:49:17+00:00" class="live-timestamp">3 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(15 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opoqtowkzg"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opoqtow"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " itemprop="text" ><div class="md"><p>It usually builds slowly: higher debt, shared housing, delayed independence, and more reliance on support systems. Over time, it can also drive political pressure for policy changes.</p>
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I was friends with a married couple who lived in a $1M home in 2009 and stopped paying the mortgage when one of them got laid off, because the bank no longer had enough original documentation on hand to prove who actually owned the house. Their lawyer was able to drag the process out for a good 5 years IIRC, before their situation improved and then they just moved into a nice apartment. I don&#39;t believe their credit was even affected in the end and I seem to recall this being a tactic that quite a number of people were able to employ to avoid eviction. (Yes, this was in Florida.)</p>
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-<p>In 2008, i was making good money because every Pawnshop had so much inventory they were selling it for half of what I could sell it on ebay for. People were selling items to Pawnshops for next to nothing to get a little money. Most people now know they can get more by selling items themselves. </p>
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-<p>There are still people with no financial sense out there, but harder times are making people smarter.</p>
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-<p>You work for one of a handful of mega-corporations. You live in a company apartment, shop at a company store, and you can only leave if you can pay off your debt to the company...which will never happen. </p>
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font-weight: bold" class="button" id="more_t1_opppsz3" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return morechildren(this, 't3_1twk04i', 'confidence', 'c1:t1_opppsz3', 'False')">load more comments<span class="gray">&nbsp;(1 reply)</span></a></span><ul class="flat-list buttons"></ul><div class="reportform report-t1_opppsz3"></div></div><div class="child" ></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div><div class=" thing id-t1_opouda1 noncollapsed &#32; comment " id="thing_t1_opouda1" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opouda1" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="AskReddit" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/AskReddit" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2qh1i" data-subreddit-type="public" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" data-author="GoatSage777" data-author-fullname="t2_1ydqkdd4" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opouda1/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opouda1"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/GoatSage777" class="author may-blank id-t2_1ydqkdd4" >GoatSage777</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span hidden itemprop="upvoteCount">138</span><span hidden itemprop="downvoteCount">0</span><a hidden itemprop="url" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opouda1/">Answer Link</a><span class="score dislikes" title="137">137 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="138">138 points</span><span class="score likes" title="139">139 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 11:13:37 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T11:13:37+00:00" class="live-timestamp">3 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(20 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opouda1u6d"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opouda1"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " itemprop="text" ><div class="md"><p>A lot of redditor fantasy in these comments. </p>
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-<p>The truth is that whatever happens won&#39;t be cinematic like some dystopian young adult movie nor like anything hundreds of years ago, especially in major first world countries.</p>
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-<p>Revolution is ugly. Revolution kills. Revolution ends everything you have. It changes the landscape, the whole landscape. And in all likelihood, you might not be here on the other side. Generally, revolution isn&#39;t for you and your benefit; it&#39;s for your grandkids.</p>
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-<p>benefits</p>
-</blockquote>
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-<p>sir, this is america</p>
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font-weight: bold" class="button" id="more_t1_opplhqr" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return morechildren(this, 't3_1twk04i', 'confidence', 'c1:t1_opplhqr', 'False')">load more comments<span class="gray">&nbsp;(1 reply)</span></a></span><ul class="flat-list buttons"></ul><div class="reportform report-t1_opplhqr"></div></div><div class="child" ></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div><div class=" thing id-t1_oposm9k noncollapsed &#32; comment " id="thing_t1_oposm9k" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_oposm9k" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="AskReddit" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/AskReddit" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2qh1i" data-subreddit-type="public" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" data-author="Loki-L" data-author-fullname="t2_6znar" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/oposm9k/" ><p class="parent"><a name="oposm9k"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/Loki-L" class="author may-blank id-t2_6znar" >Loki-L</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span hidden itemprop="upvoteCount">25</span><span hidden itemprop="downvoteCount">0</span><a hidden itemprop="url" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/oposm9k/">Answer Link</a><span class="score dislikes" title="24">24 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="25">25 points</span><span class="score likes" title="26">26 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 11:01:39 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T11:01:39+00:00" class="live-timestamp">3 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(0 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_oposm9kbl7"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_oposm9k"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " itemprop="text" ><div class="md"><p>They go into debt and the debt gets sold on as an investment and then they can&#39;t pay and the people who invested in the debt also can&#39;t pay anymore and the government bails out billionaires with money future generations will have to pay in taxes.</p>
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-<p>You&#39;ll have beautiful neighborhoods and favellas and a lot of crime. There will be a lot of homeless people and many people living in micro/cage apartments like they do in Hong Kong. People will scrape by with service jobs or micro factories like in India. </p>
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-<p>As long as they are fed...  When populations start going hungry is when you get revolution... Which often makes things worse.</p>
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font-weight: bold" class="button" id="more_t1_oppre0l" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return morechildren(this, 't3_1twk04i', 'confidence', 'c1:t1_oppre0l', 'False')">load more comments<span class="gray">&nbsp;(1 reply)</span></a></span><ul class="flat-list buttons"></ul><div class="reportform report-t1_oppre0l"></div></div><div class="child" ></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div></div><div class="clearleft"></div><div class=" thing id-t1_opoqth4 noncollapsed &#32; comment " id="thing_t1_opoqth4" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opoqth4" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="AskReddit" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/AskReddit" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2qh1i" data-subreddit-type="public" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" data-author="ElHeim" data-author-fullname="t2_r572h" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opoqth4/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opoqth4"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/ElHeim" class="author may-blank id-t2_r572h" >ElHeim</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span hidden itemprop="upvoteCount">142</span><span hidden itemprop="downvoteCount">0</span><a hidden itemprop="url" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/1twk04i/what_is_going_to_happen_when_the_lower_class_will/opoqth4/">Answer Link</a><span class="score dislikes" title="141">141 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="142">142 points</span><span class="score likes" title="143">143 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 10:49:14 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T10:49:14+00:00" class="live-timestamp">3 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(36 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opoqth48cx"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opoqth4"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " itemprop="text" ><div class="md"><p>Look at what happened in the past . </p>
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-<p>Just make sure you&#39;re not part of the 1% (or look like it) when that happens</p>
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-<p>Maybe modern USA will accept the conditions, but I don’t think modern France would.</p>
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-<p>Edit: Oh yeah there is a woman down the road from me that doesn&#39;t live with power. Given everyone out here is on well water, that means no water, either. Her house looks fine, so it makes me wonder how many people are living like this that most aren&#39;t aware of.</p>
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-<p>The French elite’s propaganda is just different, that’s all. </p>
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-<p>I&#39;m honestly shocked Luigi was such a one-off.</p>
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-<p>Everyone works for them all the time and all the money comes back to them all the time. </p>
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-<p>Amazon is almost a company store, since you can get almost anything you need from them. You aren&#39;t required to if you work there, but it&#39;s &quot;so convenient&quot;...</p>
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-<p>Musk has already propose company housing for his &quot;Starbase&quot;. Sure, you pay rent to the company you work for. And what happens when you turn in your resignation letter? You&#39;re instantly homeless. They lock the door remotely, change the code, and you&#39;ll have to sue to get your stuff... which you can&#39;t afford. Musk will literally use the money you paid him to pay lawyers to keep you from getting your stuff. </p>
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-<p>Slavery... in all but name. </p>
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-<p>Realistically people stop working/buying things until the top budges.</p>
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-<p>For the week?</p>
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-<p>That&#39;s why they&#39;ll always keep some type of junk food cheap and the nutritional quality low. If you have a full belly, it&#39;s less relevant what it&#39;s filled with as long as you aren&#39;t hungry. </p>
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-<p>And as long as our devices still do flashy things to keep us distracted from the hoovering of all the wealth to the very few, they will keep control over the lower class.</p>
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-<p>Make the food and distractions unaffordable and we&#39;ll snap like a twig.</p>
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-<p>In an age of fledging AI, autonomous factories and personnel…  the leverage that the masses had beyond simple numerical advantage is far weaker. </p>
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-<p>I think it’s harder to predict and rely on history, where the playing field was significantly more level and the power structures were functionally reliant on the cooperation (through whatever means acquired)  of the work force. </p>
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-<p>Thats where we&#39;re heading!</p>
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-<p>However, in nearly every single situation where the populace gets hit by some event that makes it nearly difficult or impossible to get feed themselves, house themselves, or fight off a plague they have either taken the choice to move else where (become refugees) or over throw their leaders and start over (so rebellion).</p>
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-<p>But that bar for &quot;nearly difficult&quot; is pretty high and the choice between becoming a refugee and a rebel is really based on realistic it is to perform each action. In societies where movement is controlled or restricted, they tend to revolt. In societies where the ruling state has a perceived insurmountable power, they flee. And it basically has to get tot he point where the average person&#39;s other choice is &quot;whelp, guess I&#39;ll just die then.&quot;</p>
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-<p>Right now food is there and there are some options for those most in need. We&#39;re not at the stage where the choices are between fighting, fleeing, or dying. We&#39;re at the stage where we tighten our belts, cut expenses, and still have hope someone is going to turn it around. We&#39;re hardly at the famine stage here. We&#39;re not even at the &quot;hungry&quot; stage nation wide. Food is plentiful, if expensive. And if people have to choose between food, medicine, housing, and luxuries, we can still drop the luxuries entirely and possibly still cut back on something else too.</p>
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-<p>And our leaders and wealthy know this (sort of). It&#39;s why they campaigned on food prices and the economy. Eventually they will be forced to take action and do something about it. But that time isn&#39;t now. It won&#39;t be until people are down to choosing between food and shelter (forget about medicine and luxuries).</p>
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-<p>There&#39;s a reason why the phrase &quot;bread and circuses&quot; was invented: give the people just enough to eat and enough entertainment to be distracted and they won&#39;t revolt. That&#39;s too risky to attempt when you still have options. And we right now have TV and cheap entertainment. Practically every single person carries a phone that can play the entire collection of Earth&#39;s Entertainment if you look for it.</p>
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-<p>But once we get to that final stage where we <em>don&#39;t</em> have options other than to fight or flee, well we&#39;ll see which direction most people take. Looking at the US past, we&#39;ve had migrations numerous times and several wars and revolutions (even if some were short lived) and armed conflict is not a stranger to these lands.</p>
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-<p>The business owner takes nine cookies for himself, then says to the blue-collar worker &quot;Watch out for that foreigner, he&#39;s got his eye on your last cookie!&quot;</p>
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-<p>(Edited for $)</p>
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-<p>This country runs on where the money goes. Short of staging a robbery of billionaires - how do we interrupt the flow of money?</p>
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-<p>The quiet Revolution is maybe just not buying into all the corporate shit and making the world a better place, all at the same time. What if the whole country just stopped buying fragrance products? Like, no more Downy Unstoppables, no more car clip air fresheners, no more perfume or body spray. What would happen? Shit, we stopped paying for Disney for what? a week? and look what happened. </p>
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-<p>What if we all stopped paying for streaming services and, I don&#39;t know, watched movies from the library for entertainment instead? Or we could get REALLY crazy and read books instead? </p>
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-<p>What if we all decided &quot;This is where pain point number 1 hits?&quot;  And when you&#39;re still hurting, activate pain point #2. </p>
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-<p>We are so spread out in America that the traditional picture of revolution is hard to recreate. We aren&#39;t really interested in going hungry or homeless, especially when it feels like we would be the only ones not going to work, so the general strike idea is a tough one to implement effectively. </p>
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-<p>Corporations are widespread and easy for everyone to access/deny. </p>
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-<p>I can&#39;t tell if I&#39;ve had too much coffee or if this is actually a good idea...</p>
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-It’s because people keep buying a product as the price increases and keep buying it. </p>
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-<p>The upper classes continue their short-sighted &quot;line went up for past week, line go up forever&quot; planning, not understanding that the often large short term gains tend to be balanced out with losses soon afterwards when the consequences of the actions come around. So making the lower classes unable to afford what you sell never enters their mind until sales drop and they are scrambling to figure out why no one wants what they offer.</p>
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-<p>Until then we&#39;ll get by. We&#39;ll buy bikes because cars are too expensive, live 4 to a room, eat rice and beans for every meal. We&#39;ll learn to live with injury and sickness because the doctor is too expensive. We&#39;ll snag pigeons from their nests for thanksgiving dinner. </p>
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-<p>However, the world has never been this technologicaly advanced before. And the military and police have weapons and options that FAR outstripes anything the masses have. </p>
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-<p>So while we have the numbers, it would still be fairly easy to keep us in line. Especially as we have been effectively trained to not fight back...</p>
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-<p>Look at the route and Protest France has, what&#39;s currently going on in Albania. The US has nothing similar because we are all too busy working to stay alive, and hoping others will put themselves at risk. </p>
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may-blank id-t2_8fwoe" >teerre</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span class="score dislikes" title="9">9 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="10">10 points</span><span class="score likes" title="11">11 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 03:06:03 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T03:06:03+00:00" class="live-timestamp">11 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(0 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opn3cz84k9"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opn3cz8"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><p>Very cool blog! Great job explaining it. It was easy to follow </p>
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-<p>The usual example was that anything requiring<code>malloc</code> or<code>free</code> was too big and complicated.  Running an eBPF program certainly seems big and complicated enough.  But I guess kernel programmers are made of sterner stuff and they just have to provide for this?  I have a feeling that the eBPF hooks for performance events wouldn&#39;t be practical if they used the traditional approach.</p>
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-<p>Got a call a few months later saying &quot;random crashes&quot; are happening. </p>
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-<p>Went in and found the interrupt now being used for the RTOS was a NMI interrupt, added a flag to check if interrupts were disabled and if so  ignored the NMI.</p>
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-<p>Voila fixed. </p>
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ugc" >Elixir v1.20 released: now a gradually typed language</a>&#32;<span class="domain">(<a href="/domain/elixir-lang.org/">elixir-lang.org</a>)</span></p><p class="tagline ">submitted&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 07:14:11 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T07:14:11+00:00" class="live-timestamp">7 hours ago</time>&#32;by&#32;<a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/f311a" class="author may-blank id-t2_w0k80" >f311a</a><span class="userattrs"></span></p><ul class="flat-list buttons"><li class="first"><a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/1twg7mu/elixir_v120_released_now_a_gradually_typed/" data-event-action="comments" class="bylink comments may-blank" rel="nofollow" >60 comments</a></li><li class="share"><a class="post-sharing-button" href="javascript: void 0;">share</a></li><li class="link-save-button save-button login-required"><a href="#">save</a></li><li><form action="/post/hide" method="post" class="state-button hide-button"><input type="hidden" name="executed" 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data-permalink="/r/programming/comments/1twg7mu/elixir_v120_released_now_a_gradually_typed/opo4t88/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opo4t88"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/markehammons" class="author may-blank id-t2_3aauwgn1" >markehammons</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span class="score dislikes" title="169">169 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="170">170 points</span><span class="score likes" title="171">171 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 07:45:21 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T07:45:21+00:00" class="live-timestamp">6 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(46 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opo4t88yqk"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opo4t88"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><p>Why does this keep happening for dynamically typed languages? It feels to me like a vindication of static typing when all these dynamically typed languages keep bolting static types on after the fact.</p>
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-
-<ul>
-<li><em>have</em> to specify all the types, </li>
-<li>but lack the power of generics and interfaces that have become common in this millennium,</li>
-<li>and where the types may not even be trustworthy, as with C&#39;s implicit conversions (&quot;promotions&quot;), or plenty of languages that have implicit nulls resulting in NPEs and segfaults.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>The gradual type systems we see added to various dynamic languages don&#39;t seem to have those same flaws. (Plenty of the older languages have been working on those flaws as well.)</p>
-
-<p>Elixir is old enough that it could&#39;ve been typed from the start (roughly the same age as Typescript), but if we take its beginnings as something like &quot;Erlang in Ruby&#39;s clothing&quot; then it&#39;s no wonder that it wasn&#39;t.</p>
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-<p>Elixir is old enough that it could&#39;ve been typed from the start</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>Young enough?</p>
-</div>
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-
-<blockquote>
-<p>Elixir&#39;s age indicates that it could&#39;ve been typed from the start</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>than get into a pissing match over &quot;old&quot; vs &quot;young&quot;</p>
-</div>
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-
-<p>It&#39;s convenient for scripting and so, but as soon as you need to have something stable (actual project), dynamic languages fall flat </p>
-</div>
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-
-<p>I really dislike it for anything larger. Good type systems eliminate certain classes of bugs.</p>
-</div>
-</div></form><ul class="flat-list buttons"><li class="first"><a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/1twg7mu/elixir_v120_released_now_a_gradually_typed/opoi46x/" data-event-action="permalink" class="bylink" rel="nofollow" >permalink</a></li><li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-comment="/r/programming/comments/1twg7mu/elixir_v120_released_now_a_gradually_typed/opoi46x/" data-media="www.redditmedia.com" data-link="/r/programming/comments/1twg7mu/elixir_v120_released_now_a_gradually_typed/" data-root="false" data-title="Elixir v1.20 released: now a gradually typed language" class="embed-comment" >embed</a></li><li class="comment-save-button save-button login-required"><a href="javascript:void(0)">save</a></li><li><a href="#opo6pov" data-event-action="parent" class="bylink" rel="nofollow" >parent</a></li><li class="report-button login-required"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="reportbtn access-required" data-event-action="report">report</a></li><li class="reply-button login-required"><a class="access-required" href="javascript:void(0)" data-event-action="comment" onclick="return reply(this)">reply</a></li></ul><div class="reportform report-t1_opoi46x"></div></div><div class="child"><div id="siteTable_t1_opoi46x" class="sitetable listing"><div class=" thing id-t1_opp0nvc noncollapsed &#32; comment " id="thing_t1_opp0nvc" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opp0nvc" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="programming" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/programming" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2fwo" data-subreddit-type="public" data-author="SoInsightful" data-author-fullname="t2_5hkms" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/programming/comments/1twg7mu/elixir_v120_released_now_a_gradually_typed/opp0nvc/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opp0nvc"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/SoInsightful" class="author may-blank id-t2_5hkms" >SoInsightful</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span class="score dislikes" title="18">18 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="19">19 points</span><span class="score likes" title="20">20 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 11:53:51 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T11:53:51+00:00" class="live-timestamp">2 hours ago</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(8 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opp0nvcwy1"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opp0nvc"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><blockquote>
-<p>Awesome for quick scripting</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>I&#39;ve never even understood this. I&#39;ll create a small quick script in TypeScript over JavaScript every day.</p>
-</div>
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-<p>Quick bash scripts still win if it&#39;s mostly just calling existing programs, but otherwise my muscle memory + Rusts ease of spinning up a new project and adding dependencies wins.</p>
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-<p>I think I only launch Python as a quick terminal calculator anymore, lol</p>
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-<p>I always keep thinking &quot;but what about all the other systems I have to log into, my muscle memory will break for <strong><em>seconds</em></strong> before I remember to install it on that system too!&quot; 😂</p>
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-<p>The python mostly stuck around as muscle memory, so I&#39;ll need to break that habit 😂</p>
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-<p>I&#39;m still going to reach for python or erlang first.</p>
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-<p>Moreover a lot of basic web protocols are inherently stringly typed and dynamic.</p>
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-<p>This looks like with guards (which have additional useful properties eg overloading, good luck with that, TypeScript!) you can pretty much have a statically analysable and typesafe program with the convenience of writing it like a dynamic one.</p>
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-<p>Elixir (like Erlang) uses arity of arguments + a guard clause with predicate functions to determine which version of a function to run. Which is technically not overloading like Java, C# or C++ do but is probably more flexible/useful (and more like Haskell pattern matching on function signature).</p>
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-<p>I even wrote types during technical interviews in Python.</p>
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-<p>If you&#39;ve ever seen someone complain about complex generics, those are the cases where a dynamic type system would let you just write the behaviour and move on without needing a PhD in type theory.</p>
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-<p>In practice plenty of people will just punch a hole in their type system with <code>Any</code> (AKA <code>void*</code>, <code>Object</code>, <code>interface{}</code>) when they come across a situation like that, which practically is static type systems moving towards the same middle ground, just from the opposite starting point.</p>
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-<p>I prefer static typing myself, but it should be plenty clear to anyone that it ain&#39;t all sunshine and rainbows all the time either.</p>
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-<p>Although, guess depends on the language. While the Rusts type system is not perfect, its expressive enough for me to be able to cram my logic into types 95% of the time</p>
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-<p>If you struggle with (complex) generics in types, i find it hard to believe that dynamic typing will make it easier, cuz now you have to keep all that context on your head,</p>
-</blockquote>
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-<p>That&#39;s the neat thing, you don&#39;t. Programmers who are used to untyped languages just don&#39;t reason around things the same way someone used to e.g. Rust or Haskell do. Shit, just talking about ADTs/&quot;enums&quot; and tuples to gophers is enough to make a lot of them confused, because they&#39;re not a part of the type system that they&#39;re used to.</p>
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-<p>Instead they&#39;ll write tests and maybe some assertions. I suspect that in the extreme cases, that&#39;s actually the path of least resistance, as opposed to practically formally proving the behaviour through the type system.</p>
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-<p>Programmers don&#39;t all think alike, just like how some have a more imperative mind and some a more expression-oriented mind.</p>
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-<blockquote>
-<p>Although, guess depends on the language. While the Rusts type system is not perfect, its expressive enough for me to be able to cram my logic into types 95% of the time</p>
-</blockquote>
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-<p>I also generally like Rust&#39;s type system, but that is on the more powerful side of the mainstream spectrum, and having lifetimes be part of the type system means you can describe some behaviour, like typestate, that&#39;s more likely to have wonky behaviour in GC languages.</p>
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-<p>And I think most of us would still reach for some escape hatch before we wound up actually writing a signature like <a href="https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/5fd1c3588a45adfba0d8c59ff847487b28e6968b/nexus/db-queries/src/db/pagination.rs#L78-L181" rel="nofollow">this one</a> (<a href="/r/rust/comments/1kl3uhj/most_complex_type_signature/mrzigri/" rel="nofollow">via</a>).</p>
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-<p>I&#39;d invite you to take a look at how complex annotations become for instance for python libs like numpy, scipy or pandas. Often functions need 10+ overloads to even statically express all their runtime capabilities.</p>
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-<p>My early experiences with Java + Eclipse vs Perl + vim left me with the feeling that I could have a running, working program in Perl before Eclipse had even displayed everything I&#39;d typed on the screen.</p>
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-<p>To be fair, static typing in Erlang and Elixir is not actually as needed as in Python or JavaScript because you have pattern-matching built-in at the language level. You can see at a glance what shape your data needs to be in. Of course having that enforced by the compiler is better, but it is what it is.</p>
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-- Preventing (many) runtime crashes
-- Domain model / module documentation that doesn’t go obsolete and is exact
-- Better IDE support / autocomplete</p>
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-<p>Same with nosql databases, local apps running like web (large parts of windows now), javascript ecosystem and few others.</p>
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-<p>You come up with explanation why it is bad and the crowd will make sure you fell like you are crazy.</p>
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-<p>BUT! Dynamic typing is not bad idea. It just should not be used for many things it is used for now.</p>
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-<p>The examples in the blog post clearly demonstrates that, you can&#39;t divide string by a number. Even if a dynamic language can do that, it would be a bug in most of the cases.</p>
-
-<p>You can do this is JavaScript and it will silently give you a Nan, which most people won&#39;t even bother checking after division.</p>
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-<p>The examples in the blog post clearly demonstrates that, you can&#39;t divide string by a number. Even if a dynamic language can do that, it would be a bug in most of the cases.</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>It can also be the correct, intended behaviour, see e.g. this Perl program:</p>
-
-<pre><code>print &quot;divisor: &quot;;
-chomp( my $divisor = &lt;&gt; );
-
-print &quot;dividend: &quot;;
-chomp( my $dividend = &lt;&gt; );
-
-say &quot;result: &quot; . $divisor / $dividend;
-</code></pre>
-
-<p>Perl has conversion rules for <code>string -&gt; number</code>, which is something along the lines of &quot;parse the string until you encounter a non-numeric character; 0 if the string starts with a non-numeric character&quot;. Its operators are also explicitly for either numbers (like <code>/</code>, <code>+</code>, <code>==</code>) or strings (like <code>.</code>, <code>eq</code>).</p>
-
-<p>I&#39;m not really sure about it being a bug in <em>most</em> cases either, the problem with implicit conversions is more that they&#39;re a PITA to locate and correct when they <em>are</em> bugs.</p>
-
-<p>Like when PHP, using a similar conversion rule, wound up comparing some SHAs as if they were numbers with some garbage string at the end, e.g. <code>&quot;0efoo…&quot; == &quot;0ebar…&quot;</code> because <code>0 == 0</code>, and it doesn&#39;t have the <code>==</code>/<code>eq</code> split that Perl does to give the programmer control over what sort of comparison will be done.</p>
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-<p>And in cases like JS, if we get a <code>NaN</code> after division, we might have a <code>0/0</code> or we might have <code>&quot;hello&quot;/&quot;world&quot;</code>, so it&#39;s a really weak error signal compared to what we get out of typechecking.</p>
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-
-<p>I’m really glad it’s heading in that direction.</p>
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-
-<p>Strong types are mandatory, sit down JS.
-Gradual typing allows one-off scripts to develop into more deterministic code libraries as foundational assumptions settle into place. But while definitions are in flux, let them.</p>
-</div>
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-<p>dynamically typed</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>Might as well have not been typed, then</p>
-</div>
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-<p>People really need to stop implying static typing is &quot;having types&quot; and dynamic typing is &quot;no types&quot;</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>That&#39;s semantics. What people mean is dynamic types is not checked at &#39;compile&#39; time</p>
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-I still prefer erlang.</p>
-</div>
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-<p>The problem with the &#39;linter&#39; style tools is that they&#39;re not mandatory. Even if you use it in your project, it breaks down when you pull in dependencies that don&#39;t.</p>
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-<p>Since it&#39;s in the compiler, it means that over time, everything in the ecosystem will be using the type system.</p>
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– Insane Speed Test • Roy van Rijn</div></a></div></div></div></aside></div></div></div><a name="content"></a><div class="content" role="main" ><section class="infobar listingsignupbar"><a href="/login" class="login-required listingsignupbar__container"><h2 class="listingsignupbar__title">Welcome to Reddit,</h2><p class="listingsignupbar__desc">the front page of the internet.</p><div class="listingsignupbar__cta-container"><span class="c-btn c-btn-primary c-pull-left listingsignupbar__cta-button">Become a Redditor</span><p class="listingsignupbar__cta-desc">and join one of thousands of communities.</p></div></a><a href="#" class="listingsignupbar__close" title="close">&times;</a></section><style>body >.content .link .rank, .rank-spacer { width: 1.1ex } body >.content .link .midcol, .midcol-spacer { width: 3.1ex } .adsense-wrap { background-color: #eff7ff; font-size: 18px; padding-left: 4.2ex; padding-right: 5px; }</style><div id="siteTable" class="sitetable linklisting"><div class=" thing id-t3_1twhl2t odd&#32; link " id="thing_t3_1twhl2t" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t3_1twhl2t" data-type="link" data-gildings="0" data-whitelist-status="all_ads" data-is-gallery="false" data-author="Horror-Willingness74" data-author-fullname="t2_1r6ihf7zk4" data-subreddit="programming" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/programming" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2fwo" data-subreddit-type="public" data-timestamp="1780562018000" data-url="https://blog.geekuni.com/2026/06/why-learn-pandas.html" data-permalink="/r/programming/comments/1twhl2t/pandas_as_a_reason_to_learn_python_even_if_youre/" data-domain="blog.geekuni.com" data-rank="" data-comments-count="34" data-score="43" data-promoted="false" data-nsfw="false" data-spoiler="false" data-oc="false" data-num-crossposts="0" data-context="comments" ><p class="parent"></p><span class="rank"></span><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="score dislikes" title="42">42</div><div class="score unvoted" title="43">43</div><div class="score likes" title="44">44</div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><div class="top-matter"><p class="title"><a class="title may-blank outbound" data-event-action="title" href="https://blog.geekuni.com/2026/06/why-learn-pandas.html" tabindex="1" data-href-url="https://blog.geekuni.com/2026/06/why-learn-pandas.html" data-outbound-url="https://out.reddit.com/t3_1twhl2t?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.geekuni.com%2F2026%2F06%2Fwhy-learn-pandas.html&amp;token=AQAAnpchakoOmErjro5jTRtHD--DiHLy_XtPRKkcZCmpdKpPHANS&amp;app_name=reddit.com" data-outbound-expiration="1780586398000" rel="nofollow ugc" >Pandas as a reason to learn Python, even if you’re not doing data science</a>&#32;<span class="domain">(<a href="/domain/blog.geekuni.com/">blog.geekuni.com</a>)</span></p><p class="tagline ">submitted&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 08:33:38 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T08:33:38+00:00" class="live-timestamp">5 hours ago</time>&#32;by&#32;<a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/Horror-Willingness74" class="author may-blank id-t2_1r6ihf7zk4" >Horror-Willingness74</a><span class="userattrs"></span></p></div><div class="expando expando-uninitialized" data-pin-condition="function() {return this.style.display != 'none';}" ><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t3_1twhl2tnqt"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t3_1twhl2t"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><p>I wrote a short article about why Pandas is worth learning from a general programming perspective, not just a data science one.</p>
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-<p>A lot of everyday programming work involves tabular data - CSV files, reports, logs, exports, billing data, sales data, inventory data, operational spreadsheets, analytics extracts, etc.</p>
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-<p>You can process that kind of data with loops and dictionaries, SQL, shell tools, or spreadsheets. But Pandas gives Python a very compact and expressive way to do filtering, grouping, aggregation, joins, and reshaping in code.</p>
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-<p>The article uses a small sales/purchases CSV example and compares the Pandas approach with plain Python and spreadsheet-style thinking.</p>
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-<p>I’m curious how other programmers think about this: is Pandas one of the libraries that makes Python worth learning, even for people whose main work is not data science? Or would you usually reach for SQL, spreadsheets, shell tools, or something else?</p>
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comment " id="thing_t1_opoe18d" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t1_opoe18d" data-type="comment" data-gildings="0" data-subreddit="programming" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/programming" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2fwo" data-subreddit-type="public" data-author="guepier" data-author-fullname="t2_5row0" data-replies="0" data-permalink="/r/programming/comments/1twhl2t/pandas_as_a_reason_to_learn_python_even_if_youre/opoe18d/" ><p class="parent"><a name="opoe18d"></a></p><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><p class="tagline"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="expand" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">[–]</a><a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/guepier" class="author may-blank id-t2_5row0" >guepier</a><span class="userattrs"></span>&#32;<span class="score dislikes" title="117">117 points</span><span class="score unvoted" title="118">118 points</span><span class="score likes" title="119">119 points</span>&#32;<time title="Thu Jun 4 09:06:54 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-04T09:06:54+00:00" class="live-timestamp">5 hours ago</time><time class="edited-timestamp" title="last edited 4 hours ago" datetime="2026-06-04T09:40:29+00:00">*</time>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="numchildren" onclick="return togglecomment(this)">(16 children)</a></p><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t1_opoe18drm5"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t1_opoe18d"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><p>I disagree with this incredibly strongly. I use Python extensively, and I mostly like it, but whenever I need to do data analysis I bend over backwards to avoid Pandas. Mostly this means using R instead. Pandas is nowhere near the state of the art of data analytics. Even Python has better libraries (namely, Polars). Pandas is atrociously slow and has a terrible API. — And to head off potential responses: I <em>have</em> used Pandas extensively, and I am absolutely qualified to judge its merits compared to other solutions.</p>
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-<p>So, no, I disagree with the premise: there are lots of reasons to learn Python, but Pandas is emphatically not one of them.</p>
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-
-<p>I mean, I like Python, in general, but R matches my preferences more.
-The things in Pandas that feel like they&#39;re bending over backwards to make work are a natural part of R itself.
-And it&#39;s also more on the functional language side of things, which I appreciate.</p>
-
-<p>Helps that the tensorflow support seems pretty good these days too, for ML.</p>
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-
-<p>And personally I&#39;d take even old pandas over R any day. The dev experience with R is just atrocious.</p>
-</div>
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-<p>The dev experience with R is just atrocious</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>Yes, but the data analytics experience isn’t. R is miles ahead of Python in that space, and not just because of the libraries.</p>
-</div>
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-<p>However when taking a more holistic view (i.e. setting up a dev environment in the first place, data extraction and cleaning, actually getting data in and out of the system, data exploration, writing core analyses and debugging those, publishing, ...) this isn&#39;t really true in my opinion. In my experience you end up wasting so much time dealing with all those pain points and idiosyncrasies around R that it&#39;s altogether faster to use Python and just implement the things that don&#39;t already exist yourself (although this is of course not viable for everyone) or interop with other languages for those parts.</p>
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-<p>And in particular when you don&#39;t do anything overly niche (as is really the case for what OP is talking about here) the python ecosystem is perfectly workable, and in some fields even miles ahead of R. For example for me a lot of data analysis involves optimization and some geometry processing / a bunch of maths. And for those python really has the strictly better ecosystem and larger community.</p>
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-<p>If someone is worried about speed why are they reaching for python at all?</p>
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-<p>Of course neither Pandas nor Polars are really &quot;Python&quot; - that&#39;s just the API to a C or Rust implementation.</p>
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-<p>I disagree with the rest: data extraction, cleaning, exploration, core analysis and publishing are all things that R <em>excels</em> at. Troubleshooting is occasionally made harder due to the lack of any type safety, but type annotations are also much less helpful for data analysis than for most other software engineering applications. And interactive debugging (and, importantly, interactive <em>exploration</em> of data) works very well.</p>
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-<p>And modern R IDE integration (be it via dedicated IDEs such as Positron or RStudio, or via plugins such as Nvim-R or ESS) provides best-in-class interactive data exploration REPLs, and these integrate very well with report generation via Quarto, which in many regards is also strictly superior to Jupyter (but if you prefer the latter, there is an R kernel for it).</p>
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-<p>At least that was the case last time I had to use it. Maybe it has gotten better since, but I have no desire to come back.</p>
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-</div>
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-
-<pre><code>import sqlalchemy
-sql_engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(&#39;sqlite+pysqlite:///:memory:&#39;)
-with sql_engine.connect() as sql_conn:
-   sql_result = sql_conn.execute(sqlalchemy.text(&quot;SELECT &#39;Hello, World!&#39;;&quot;))
-   print(sql_result.all())
-</code></pre>
-
-<p>=&gt;</p>
-
-<pre><code>[(&#39;Hello, World!&#39;,)]
-</code></pre>
-
-<p>Anyway.</p>
-</div>
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-
-<p>wut?  do you mean products that are specifically designed as in memory databases?  Otherwise, &quot;in memory&quot; is as fast as a database gets.</p>
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-<p>Single file “serverless” databases</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>Are you sure you were testing in transient in-memory mode?  &quot;Single-file&quot; kind of suggests you weren&#39;t, and are misunderstanding things - if you&#39;re hitting a file on persistent storage, of course it&#39;s slower than in-memory, even ssd/nvme is still slower than ram for now.</p>
-
-<p><a href="https://sqlite.org/inmemorydb.html" rel="nofollow">https://sqlite.org/inmemorydb.html</a></p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p>An SQLite database is normally stored in a single ordinary disk file. However, in certain circumstances, the database might be stored in memory.</p>
-
-<p>The most common way to force an SQLite database to exist purely in memory is to open the database using the special filename &quot;:memory:&quot;.</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p><a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/current/connect/overview#in-memory-database" rel="nofollow">https://duckdb.org/docs/current/connect/overview#in-memory-database</a></p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p>DuckDB can operate in in-memory mode. In most clients, this can be activated by passing the special value :memory: as the database file</p>
-</blockquote>
-</div>
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-
-<p><a href="https://duckdb.org/docs/current/clients/python/overview" rel="nofollow">https://duckdb.org/docs/current/clients/python/overview</a></p>
-
-<p><a href="https://pypi.org/project/duckdb-sqlalchemy/" rel="nofollow">https://pypi.org/project/duckdb-sqlalchemy/</a></p>
-
-<p>=&gt;</p>
-
-<pre><code>sql_engine = create_engine(&quot;duckdb:///:memory:&quot;)
-</code></pre>
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-
-<p>I would reach for SQL, if it&#39;s all in one DB.  If its in microservices, I&#39;d either be looking to consolidate the data for reporting like this in a data warehouse, or stitch the data together myself in a service (given that dotnet is my daily driver, LINQ would replace pandas aptly for me) if I have a good reason for it to not come from a warehouse (low latency requirements, as one example).</p>
-
-<p>I still don&#39;t understand the fascination with microservices, nor do I understand a lot of people&#39;s aversion to learning/understanding SQL.  /shrug</p>
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-
-<p>So while pandas has many (many) flaws, it&#39;s a total game changer and people who have never used Python (or R) should experience it.</p>
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-
-<ul>
-<li>  inferred types</li>
-<li>  anonymous types</li>
-<li>  <code>dynamic</code></li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>My guess is the first two can handle most of what you’re saying; when they can’t, you can opt into the third.</p>
-</div>
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}</style><div id="siteTable" class="sitetable linklisting"><div class=" thing id-t3_1tvo7wu linkflair linkflair-postflair-user-question odd&#32; link self" id="thing_t3_1tvo7wu" onclick="click_thing(this)" data-fullname="t3_1tvo7wu" data-type="link" data-gildings="0" data-whitelist-status="all_ads" data-is-gallery="false" data-author="Informal-Baseball209" data-author-fullname="t2_3tsrabr5s" data-subreddit="rust" data-subreddit-prefixed="r/rust" data-subreddit-fullname="t5_2s7lj" data-subreddit-type="public" data-timestamp="1780490619000" data-url="/r/rust/comments/1tvo7wu/learning_rust_for_fun_because_sick_of_ai/" data-permalink="/r/rust/comments/1tvo7wu/learning_rust_for_fun_because_sick_of_ai/" data-domain="self.rust" data-rank="" data-comments-count="36" data-score="89" data-promoted="false" data-nsfw="false" data-spoiler="false" data-oc="false" data-num-crossposts="0" data-context="comments" ><p class="parent"></p><span class="rank"></span><div class="midcol unvoted" ><div class="arrow up login-required access-required" data-event-action="upvote" role="button" aria-label="upvote" tabindex="0" ></div><div class="score dislikes" title="88">88</div><div class="score unvoted" title="89">89</div><div class="score likes" title="90">90</div><div class="arrow down login-required access-required" data-event-action="downvote" role="button" aria-label="downvote" tabindex="0" ></div></div><div class="entry unvoted"><div class="top-matter"><p class="title"><a class="title may-blank " data-event-action="title" href="/r/rust/comments/1tvo7wu/learning_rust_for_fun_because_sick_of_ai/" tabindex="1" >Learning Rust (for fun) because sick of AI</a><span class="linkflairlabel " title="🙋 seeking help &amp; advice">🙋 seeking help &amp; advice</span>&#32;<span class="domain">(<a href="/r/rust/">self.rust</a>)</span></p><p class="tagline ">submitted&#32;<time title="Wed Jun 3 12:43:39 2026 UTC" datetime="2026-06-03T12:43:39+00:00" class="live-timestamp">1 day ago</time>&#32;by&#32;<a href="https://old.reddit.com/user/Informal-Baseball209" class="author may-blank id-t2_3tsrabr5s" >Informal-Baseball209</a><span class="userattrs"></span></p></div><div class="expando expando-uninitialized" data-pin-condition="function() {return this.style.display != 'none';}" ><form action="#" class="usertext warn-on-unload" onsubmit="return post_form(this, 'editusertext')" id="form-t3_1tvo7wucd6"><input type="hidden" name="thing_id" value="t3_1tvo7wu"/><div class="usertext-body may-blank-within md-container " ><div class="md"><p>Yo guys, to give you a bit of background: I’m not a developer. I’m an IT project manager who enjoys programming for fun and for automating my  workflows. I use Python and Bash almost exclusively.</p>
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-<p>Over the past year, I’ve started to feel that improving my Python skills doesn’t make much sense for me anymore, because I can simply ask AI to do it and, after some time and debugging, I usually get the result I wanted. That’s great for the efficiency of my work, but it doesn’t really satisfy the joy of solving problems myself.</p>
-
-<p>And that brings me to the reason why I started learning Rust: for fun and for problem-solving. I’m currently going through &quot;The Rust Book&quot; and, at the same time, working on Advent of Code 2025 so I can learn Rust in practice.</p>
-
-<p>My question is: do you have any recommendations on what to focus on, what to avoid for now, and how to approach learning Rust? Sure, I know the usual advice: build a CLI tool, make something I actually use and understand, and so on. But I’m more interested in the kind of advice that only clicked for you after hundreds of hours of using Rust.</p>
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-<p>That said, a deep understanding of lifetimes will take time to sink in, so be patient. </p>
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-<p>I spent a lot of time initially learning Rust by working on code for little toy projects and definitely learned a lot in that process. But the real lessons didn&#39;t come until I tackled something that was providing me a lot of value. Obviously, not everyone has a project idea up their sleeve that they know will provide them with some value. So start with something dead simple.</p>
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-<p>Rust is a considerably more demanding language than Python. There are many layers to it. Don&#39;t feel overwhelmed when you get to sections of the Rust book that talk about more advanced concepts. Sometimes you&#39;ll read about something and feel like &quot;do I need to use this?&quot; and oftentimes the answer is no, at least not yet. There are some features of Rust you may not even touch for a long time until you decide to do something much more complex (like concurrency, or lifetimes)</p>
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-<p>I am keeping an AI terminal to the side to ask questions (what does this compilation error mean? Why can&#39;t I do it this way?) and make cheat sheets for me. That&#39;s helping me a lot too</p>
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-<p>I just feel that improving my Python skills for my use cases - automation and fun  is pointless now. Automation is already good to go with just a few right prompts. I’ll probably still build most things in Python with help from AI, because it’s more efficient. But I’ll find “something” that I can write in Rust.</p>
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-<p>I enjoy learning new things and using them in my work. By learning Rust and then building something with it, I can bring a bit of fun into my work, if its makes sense.</p>
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-<p>When you want to get to WASM, however, python and pytorch... Server-side... fine, but what about air-gapped?</p>
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-<p>Not selling anything, but as a poc, here are two wasm files, in a browser, backed by Rust/ort and onnx that does redaction in your browser...  <a href="https://www.rulesentry.io" rel="nofollow">https://www.rulesentry.io</a> with GPU inference if your&#39;re setup correctly.</p>
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-<p>Peace.</p>
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-<p>The first five chapters gives you a bird&#39;s eye view of the language. Then it comes ownership, traits, genetics etc. The only missing bit is async Rust.</p>
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-<p>Rust forces you to think differently, it puts the data in the center and everything gravitates around it (data can have only one owner, you need to move it around etc ...). This may seem &quot;simple&quot; to explain but it has profound implications and very often ends up simplifying a complex problem (do try not to reach for Arc/Rc/RefCell/Mutex).</p>
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-<p>Thanks for tips.</p>
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-<p>But as I said in the post, I feel like there is no longer much need for me to learn more Python or Bash, because the things I do with them are already handled pretty well by my AI setup. I’m even running OpenClaw on my home server with OpenAI and a few local models, and I use my agents every day.</p>
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-<p>But it doesn’t give me the same fun from programming that I had a few years ago. To me, it feels like an AI black box. Yes, I configure it, and now it works for my niches, but mostly I just ask AI how to configure AI, run some experiments, and voilà.</p>
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-<p>I wrote this in another comment: I like having those moments of “it works.” and then “Why does it work?” And because I’ve never worked with a low-level control language before, Rust is my choice.</p>
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-<p>But there are Situations where you want to know exactly what is going on and where you just want to understand every single bit of what is happening so you can tweak it if desired. AI doesn’t take that away from you. It enables you to get rid of all the boilerplate that can eat you alive and to focus on the important parts of your project. AI has a very negative connotation between Software Developers because it is forced upon them by their empoyers and it drastically changes how you work: often Developers don’t create anymore but just doing code reviews of ai generated code which can be very frustrating. It’s this sense of not being in control of anything, that truly sucks. But objectively it doesn’t take anything away from the programmer, it just adds more possibilities. No one forces you to fight with bash commands. You still can do it, but you don’t need to. I think AI is empowering and I find it hillarious for being downvoted for this opinion. We live in the best times when it comes to programming. We have the best tools today that ever existed</p>
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-<p>I am not a developer; I just like to create things for my niches. Most of the time, it is faster with AI, and as you said, it almost does not matter how it works. But for me, learning Rust is just for the joy of learning. I do not need to ask AI what an error means, what the best way to do something is, or why, at least for now.</p>
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-<p>For example, in my OpenClaw setup folder, I have a “Rust learning” folder and a few prompts that forbid my agent from giving me direct solutions. It can only give me hints based on my current level and progress through The Rust Book and code that I wrote. Even though I have this setup, I still prefer reading the docs on my own because I like doing it this way, and nothing pushes me to be faster or more efficient.</p>
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-<p>I think Linus Torvalds said that now is a great time to be a developer because AI is so helpful. Having the knowledge of how to work with AI and how to write code is a huge benefit for many good developers. But the message “AI will take your job” is real. Companies are willing to pay cloud AI providers millions and push their employees to use AI no matter what, which does not help the situation.</p>
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-<p>Similar to you, I often struggle to come up with ideas on what to work on without getting bogged down in the specification, tests, etc. Codecrafters really lets you focus on the implementation.</p>
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-<p>It’s a bit pricey, but take a look at the free courses to see what it’s like. </p>
-</div>
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diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/Cargo.toml b/crates/webclaw-fetch/Cargo.toml
index 4671dc1..3bf5401 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,17 +13,10 @@ thiserror = { workspace = true }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true }
 async-trait = "0.1"
-# Pinned to exact pre-release versions: wreq/wreq-util are release candidates
-# with no semver stability between rc.N builds. An exact pin keeps `cargo build`,
-# `cargo install` (which ignores Cargo.lock), and the release workflow all on the
-# version that compiles.
-wreq = { version = "=6.0.0-rc.29", features = ["cookies", "gzip", "brotli", "zstd", "deflate", "stream"] }
-wreq-util = "=3.0.0-rc.12"
+wreq = { version = "6.0.0-rc.28", features = ["cookies", "gzip", "brotli", "zstd", "deflate"] }
+wreq-util = "3.0.0-rc.10"
 http = "1"
 bytes = "1"
-# Stream adapter for `wreq::Response::bytes_stream()` (wreq 6.0.0-rc.29 dropped
-# `Response::chunk()`); used to buffer bodies under the running size ceiling.
-futures-util = "0.3"
 url = "2"
 rand = "0.8"
 quick-xml = { version = "0.37", features = ["serde"] }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/client.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/client.rs
index 7553bb5..4fff454 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/client.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/client.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-use futures_util::StreamExt;
 use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument, warn};
@@ -96,29 +95,11 @@ struct Response {
 /// per page in collapse_whitespace + strip_markdown).
 const MAX_BODY_BYTES: u64 = 50 * 1024 * 1024;
 
-/// Running decompression-bomb guard: reject as soon as the bytes already
-/// buffered plus the next decompressed chunk would cross [`MAX_BODY_BYTES`].
-/// Saturating arithmetic so a huge chunk length can't wrap the sum.
-fn check_body_ceiling(buffered: usize, next_chunk: usize) -> Result<(), FetchError> {
-    let total = (buffered as u64).saturating_add(next_chunk as u64);
-    if total > MAX_BODY_BYTES {
-        return Err(FetchError::BodyDecode(format!(
-            "response body exceeds cap {MAX_BODY_BYTES} bytes (decompressed)"
-        )));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 impl Response {
-    /// Buffer a wreq response into an owned Response.
-    ///
-    /// Rejects bodies that advertise a Content-Length beyond
-    /// [`MAX_BODY_BYTES`] before we pay any allocation, then streams the
-    /// body chunk-by-chunk while enforcing a running ceiling. `chunk()`
-    /// yields *post-decompression* bytes (gzip/brotli/zstd/deflate are
-    /// negotiated), so a tiny compressed payload that inflates to
-    /// gigabytes is aborted as soon as the accumulated size crosses the
-    /// cap — it never gets fully buffered in memory.
+    /// Buffer a wreq response into an owned Response. Rejects bodies that
+    /// advertise a Content-Length beyond [`MAX_BODY_BYTES`] before we pay
+    /// the allocation, and truncates after the fact as a belt-and-braces
+    /// check against a lying server.
     async fn from_wreq(resp: wreq::Response) -> Result<Self, FetchError> {
         if let Some(len) = resp.content_length()
             && len > MAX_BODY_BYTES
@@ -130,23 +111,21 @@ impl Response {
         let status = resp.status().as_u16();
         let url = resp.uri().to_string();
         let headers = resp.headers().clone();
-
-        // wreq 6.0.0-rc.29 dropped `Response::chunk()`. Stream post-decompression
-        // bytes via `bytes_stream()` and keep enforcing the running ceiling so a
-        // compression bomb is aborted before it is fully buffered in memory.
-        let mut buf = bytes::BytesMut::new();
-        let mut stream = resp.bytes_stream();
-        while let Some(chunk) = stream.next().await {
-            let chunk = chunk.map_err(|e| FetchError::BodyDecode(e.to_string()))?;
-            check_body_ceiling(buf.len(), chunk.len())?;
-            buf.extend_from_slice(&chunk);
+        let body = resp
+            .bytes()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| FetchError::BodyDecode(e.to_string()))?;
+        if body.len() as u64 > MAX_BODY_BYTES {
+            return Err(FetchError::BodyDecode(format!(
+                "response body {} bytes exceeds cap {MAX_BODY_BYTES}",
+                body.len()
+            )));
         }
-
         Ok(Self {
             status,
             url,
             headers,
-            body: buf.freeze(),
+            body,
         })
     }
 
@@ -162,6 +141,9 @@ impl Response {
     fn body(&self) -> &[u8] {
         &self.body
     }
+    fn is_success(&self) -> bool {
+        (200..300).contains(&self.status)
+    }
 
     fn text(&self) -> std::borrow::Cow<'_, str> {
         String::from_utf8_lossy(&self.body)
@@ -298,15 +280,32 @@ impl FetchClient {
     /// when you need literal no-rescue behavior (e.g. inside the rescue
     /// logic itself to avoid recursion).
     pub async fn fetch_smart(&self, url: &str) -> Result<FetchResult, FetchError> {
-        // Reddit: fetch old.reddit.com for stable server-rendered HTML.
-        // The JSON API is blocked; old.reddit.com works without JS or auth.
-        let owned;
-        let url = if crate::reddit::is_reddit_url(url) {
-            owned = crate::reddit::to_old_reddit_url(url);
-            owned.as_str()
-        } else {
-            url
-        };
+        // Reddit: the HTML page shows a verification interstitial for most
+        // client IPs, but appending `.json` returns the post + comment tree
+        // publicly. `parse_reddit_json` in downstream code knows how to read
+        // the result; here we just do the URL swap at the fetch layer.
+        if crate::reddit::is_reddit_url(url) && !url.ends_with(".json") {
+            let json_url = crate::reddit::json_url(url);
+            // Reddit's public .json API serves JSON to identifiable bot
+            // User-Agents and blocks browser UAs with a verification wall.
+            // Override our Chrome-profile UA for this specific call.
+            let ua = concat!(
+                "Webclaw/",
+                env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+                " (+https://webclaw.io)"
+            );
+            if let Ok(resp) = self
+                .fetch_with_headers(&json_url, &[("user-agent", ua)])
+                .await
+                && resp.status == 200
+            {
+                let first = resp.html.trim_start().as_bytes().first().copied();
+                if matches!(first, Some(b'{') | Some(b'[')) {
+                    return Ok(resp);
+                }
+            }
+            // If the .json fetch failed or returned HTML, fall through.
+        }
 
         let resp = self.fetch(url).await?;
 
@@ -478,16 +477,23 @@ impl FetchClient {
         let parsed_url = crate::url_security::validate_public_http_url(url).await?;
         let url = parsed_url.as_str();
 
-        // Reddit: rewrite to old.reddit.com for stable server-rendered HTML.
-        // webclaw-core's Reddit fast path then parses the thread structure.
-        let reddit_owned;
-        let url = if crate::reddit::is_reddit_url(url) {
-            reddit_owned = crate::reddit::to_old_reddit_url(url);
-            debug!("reddit: rewriting to {reddit_owned}");
-            reddit_owned.as_str()
-        } else {
-            url
-        };
+        // Reddit fallback: use their JSON API to get post + full comment tree.
+        if crate::reddit::is_reddit_url(url) {
+            let json_url = crate::reddit::json_url(url);
+            let json_url = crate::url_security::validate_public_http_url(&json_url).await?;
+            debug!("reddit detected, fetching {json_url}");
+
+            let client = self.pick_client(url);
+            let resp = client.get(json_url.as_str()).send().await?;
+            let response = Response::from_wreq(resp).await?;
+            if response.is_success() {
+                let bytes = response.body();
+                match crate::reddit::parse_reddit_json(bytes, url) {
+                    Ok(result) => return Ok(result),
+                    Err(e) => warn!("reddit json fallback failed: {e}, falling back to HTML"),
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
         let start = Instant::now();
         let client = self.pick_client(url);
@@ -777,10 +783,6 @@ fn is_pdf_content_type(headers: &http::HeaderMap) -> bool {
 
 /// Detect if a response looks like a bot protection challenge page.
 fn is_challenge_response(response: &Response) -> bool {
-    let body_len = response.body().len();
-    if body_len > 15_000 || body_len == 0 {
-        return false;
-    }
     is_challenge_html(response.text().as_ref())
 }
 
@@ -801,17 +803,11 @@ fn is_challenge_html(html: &str) -> bool {
     false
 }
 
-/// Extract the homepage URL (scheme + host[:port]) from a full URL.
+/// Extract the homepage URL (scheme + host) from a full URL.
 fn extract_homepage(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    url::Url::parse(url).ok().map(|u| {
-        let host = u.host_str().unwrap_or("");
-        // `port()` is `Some` only for a non-default port; include it so a
-        // host like example.com:8443 is warmed on the right port.
-        match u.port() {
-            Some(port) => format!("{}://{}:{}/", u.scheme(), host, port),
-            None => format!("{}://{}/", u.scheme(), host),
-        }
-    })
+    url::Url::parse(url)
+        .ok()
+        .map(|u| format!("{}://{}/", u.scheme(), u.host_str().unwrap_or("")))
 }
 
 /// Convert a webclaw-pdf PdfResult into a webclaw-core ExtractionResult.
@@ -896,28 +892,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(err.result.is_err());
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn body_ceiling_allows_under_cap() {
-        assert!(check_body_ceiling(0, 1024).is_ok());
-        assert!(check_body_ceiling(MAX_BODY_BYTES as usize - 1, 1).is_ok());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn body_ceiling_rejects_at_and_over_cap() {
-        // Exactly at the cap is allowed; one byte over is rejected.
-        assert!(check_body_ceiling(MAX_BODY_BYTES as usize, 1).is_err());
-        // A small buffer plus a huge inflated chunk (decompression bomb)
-        // is caught on the very first oversized chunk.
-        let err = check_body_ceiling(16, 64 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap_err();
-        assert!(matches!(err, FetchError::BodyDecode(_)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn body_ceiling_saturates_on_overflow() {
-        // usize::MAX chunk must not wrap the running sum to a small value.
-        assert!(check_body_ceiling(usize::MAX, usize::MAX).is_err());
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_batch_extract_result_struct() {
         let err = BatchExtractResult {
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/cloud.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/cloud.rs
index 7d4978e..3bad383 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/cloud.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/cloud.rs
@@ -810,18 +810,13 @@ mod tests {
 
     // --- CloudClient construction ------------------------------------------
 
-    // `WEBCLAW_API_KEY` is process-global; cargo runs tests in parallel
-    // threads. Without serialization, a test that sets the var can race a
-    // test asserting it is absent. This lock makes the env-mutating
-    // CloudClient tests mutually exclusive (poison-tolerant: a panicking
-    // test must not wedge the others).
-    static ENV_LOCK: std::sync::Mutex<()> = std::sync::Mutex::new(());
-
     #[test]
     fn cloud_client_explicit_key_wins_over_env() {
-        let _guard = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
-        // SAFETY: env mutation is serialized by ENV_LOCK; set_var/remove_var
-        // are unsafe on the 2024 toolchain. Explicit key must beat the env.
+        // SAFETY: this test mutates process env. Serial tests only.
+        // Set env to something, pass an explicit key, explicit should win.
+        // (We don't actually *call* the API, just check the struct stored
+        // the right key.)
+        // rustc std::env::set_var is unsafe in newer toolchains.
         unsafe {
             std::env::set_var("WEBCLAW_API_KEY", "from-env");
         }
@@ -834,9 +829,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn cloud_client_none_when_empty() {
-        let _guard = ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
-        // SAFETY: env mutation serialized by ENV_LOCK. Clearing the var
-        // (incl. any ambient runner value) is what makes this deterministic.
         unsafe {
             std::env::remove_var("WEBCLAW_API_KEY");
         }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/amazon_product.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/amazon_product.rs
index e374b75..fed6b9f 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/amazon_product.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/amazon_product.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 use regex::Regex;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use url::Url;
 
 use super::ExtractorInfo;
 use crate::cloud::{self, CloudError};
@@ -53,10 +52,8 @@ pub const INFO: ExtractorInfo = ExtractorInfo {
 };
 
 pub fn matches(url: &str) -> bool {
-    let Some(host) = host_of(url) else {
-        return false;
-    };
-    if !is_amazon_host(&host) {
+    let host = host_of(url);
+    if !is_amazon_host(host) {
         return false;
     }
     parse_asin(url).is_some()
@@ -165,41 +162,17 @@ pub fn parse(html: &str, url: &str, asin: &str) -> Value {
 // URL helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-fn host_of(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let parsed = Url::parse(url).ok()?;
-    if !parsed.username().is_empty() || parsed.password().is_some() {
-        return None;
-    }
-    parsed.host_str().map(|host| host.to_ascii_lowercase())
+fn host_of(url: &str) -> &str {
+    url.split("://")
+        .nth(1)
+        .unwrap_or(url)
+        .split('/')
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or("")
 }
 
 fn is_amazon_host(host: &str) -> bool {
-    const AMAZON_HOSTS: &[&str] = &[
-        "amazon.ae",
-        "amazon.ca",
-        "amazon.cn",
-        "amazon.co.jp",
-        "amazon.co.uk",
-        "amazon.com",
-        "amazon.com.au",
-        "amazon.com.be",
-        "amazon.com.br",
-        "amazon.com.mx",
-        "amazon.com.tr",
-        "amazon.de",
-        "amazon.eg",
-        "amazon.es",
-        "amazon.fr",
-        "amazon.in",
-        "amazon.it",
-        "amazon.nl",
-        "amazon.pl",
-        "amazon.sa",
-        "amazon.se",
-        "amazon.sg",
-    ];
-    let normalized = host.strip_prefix("www.").unwrap_or(host);
-    AMAZON_HOSTS.contains(&normalized)
+    host.starts_with("www.amazon.") || host.starts_with("amazon.")
 }
 
 /// Pull a 10-char ASIN out of any recognised Amazon URL shape:
@@ -374,9 +347,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches("https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
         assert!(matches("https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0CHX1W1XY/"));
         assert!(matches("https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0CHX1W1XY?psc=1"));
-        assert!(matches("https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
-        assert!(matches("https://www.amazon.com.au/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
-        assert!(matches("https://www.amazon.in/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
         assert!(matches(
             "https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0CHX1W1XY/ref=foo"
         ));
@@ -387,8 +357,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!matches("https://www.amazon.com/"));
         assert!(!matches("https://www.amazon.com/gp/cart"));
         assert!(!matches("https://example.com/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
-        assert!(!matches("https://www.amazon.com@127.0.0.1/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
-        assert!(!matches("https://www.amazon.evil.com/dp/B0CHX1W1XY"));
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/ebay_listing.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/ebay_listing.rs
index 36f18e9..dbc85ab 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/ebay_listing.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/ebay_listing.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 use regex::Regex;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use url::Url;
 
 use super::ExtractorInfo;
 use crate::cloud::{self, CloudError};
@@ -33,10 +32,8 @@ pub const INFO: ExtractorInfo = ExtractorInfo {
 };
 
 pub fn matches(url: &str) -> bool {
-    let Some(host) = host_of(url) else {
-        return false;
-    };
-    if !is_ebay_host(&host) {
+    let host = host_of(url);
+    if !is_ebay_host(host) {
         return false;
     }
     parse_item_id(url).is_some()
@@ -123,37 +120,17 @@ pub fn parse(html: &str, url: &str, item_id: &str) -> Value {
 // URL helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-fn host_of(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let parsed = Url::parse(url).ok()?;
-    if !parsed.username().is_empty() || parsed.password().is_some() {
-        return None;
-    }
-    parsed.host_str().map(|host| host.to_ascii_lowercase())
+fn host_of(url: &str) -> &str {
+    url.split("://")
+        .nth(1)
+        .unwrap_or(url)
+        .split('/')
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or("")
 }
 
 fn is_ebay_host(host: &str) -> bool {
-    const EBAY_HOSTS: &[&str] = &[
-        "ebay.at",
-        "ebay.be",
-        "ebay.ca",
-        "ebay.ch",
-        "ebay.co.uk",
-        "ebay.com",
-        "ebay.com.au",
-        "ebay.com.hk",
-        "ebay.com.my",
-        "ebay.com.sg",
-        "ebay.de",
-        "ebay.es",
-        "ebay.fr",
-        "ebay.ie",
-        "ebay.it",
-        "ebay.nl",
-        "ebay.ph",
-        "ebay.pl",
-    ];
-    let normalized = host.strip_prefix("www.").unwrap_or(host);
-    EBAY_HOSTS.contains(&normalized)
+    host.starts_with("www.ebay.") || host.starts_with("ebay.")
 }
 
 /// Pull the numeric item id out of `/itm/{id}` or `/itm/{slug}/{id}`
@@ -296,14 +273,9 @@ mod tests {
             "https://www.ebay.com/itm/vintage-typewriter/325478156234"
         ));
         assert!(matches("https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/325478156234"));
-        assert!(matches("https://www.ebay.ca/itm/325478156234"));
-        assert!(matches("https://www.ebay.com.au/itm/325478156234"));
-        assert!(matches("https://www.ebay.es/itm/325478156234"));
         assert!(!matches("https://www.ebay.com/"));
         assert!(!matches("https://www.ebay.com/sch/foo"));
         assert!(!matches("https://example.com/itm/325478156234"));
-        assert!(!matches("https://www.ebay.com@127.0.0.1/itm/325478156234"));
-        assert!(!matches("https://www.ebay.attacker.com/itm/325478156234"));
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/reddit.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/reddit.rs
index eba8ddb..13cdc16 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/reddit.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/extractors/reddit.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-//! Reddit structured extractor — parses old.reddit.com HTML.
+//! Reddit structured extractor — returns the full post + comment tree
+//! as typed JSON via Reddit's `.json` API.
 //!
-//! Fetches old.reddit.com (stable server-rendered HTML, no JS required)
-//! and delegates parsing to `webclaw_core::reddit`. Returns a typed JSON
-//! value with `{ url, post, comments }` structure.
+//! The same trick the markdown extractor in `crate::reddit` uses:
+//! appending `.json` to any post URL returns the data the new SPA
+//! frontend would load client-side. Zero antibot, zero JS rendering.
 
-use serde_json::Value;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
 
 use super::ExtractorInfo;
 use crate::error::FetchError;
@@ -22,27 +24,182 @@ pub const INFO: ExtractorInfo = ExtractorInfo {
 };
 
 pub fn matches(url: &str) -> bool {
-    webclaw_core::reddit::is_reddit_url(url) && url.contains("/comments/")
+    let host = host_of(url);
+    let is_reddit_host = matches!(
+        host,
+        "reddit.com" | "www.reddit.com" | "old.reddit.com" | "np.reddit.com" | "new.reddit.com"
+    );
+    is_reddit_host && url.contains("/comments/")
 }
 
 pub async fn extract(client: &dyn Fetcher, url: &str) -> Result<Value, FetchError> {
-    let fetch_url = crate::reddit::to_old_reddit_url(url);
-    let resp = client.fetch(&fetch_url).await?;
+    let json_url = build_json_url(url);
+    let resp = client.fetch(&json_url).await?;
     if resp.status != 200 {
         return Err(FetchError::Build(format!(
-            "reddit: unexpected status {}",
+            "reddit api returned status {}",
             resp.status
         )));
     }
 
-    let thread = webclaw_core::reddit::try_extract_thread(&resp.html, url).ok_or_else(|| {
-        FetchError::BodyDecode(
-            "reddit: page structure not recognised — is this a thread URL?".into(),
-        )
-    })?;
+    let listings: Vec<Listing> = serde_json::from_str(&resp.html)
+        .map_err(|e| FetchError::BodyDecode(format!("reddit json parse: {e}")))?;
 
-    serde_json::to_value(&thread)
-        .map_err(|e| FetchError::BodyDecode(format!("reddit: serialisation error: {e}")))
+    if listings.is_empty() {
+        return Err(FetchError::BodyDecode("reddit response empty".into()));
+    }
+
+    // First listing = the post (single t3 child).
+    let post = listings
+        .first()
+        .and_then(|l| l.data.children.first())
+        .filter(|t| t.kind == "t3")
+        .map(|t| post_json(&t.data))
+        .unwrap_or(Value::Null);
+
+    // Second listing = the comment tree.
+    let comments: Vec<Value> = listings
+        .get(1)
+        .map(|l| l.data.children.iter().filter_map(comment_json).collect())
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    Ok(json!({
+        "url": url,
+        "post": post,
+        "comments": comments,
+    }))
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// JSON shapers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn post_json(d: &ThingData) -> Value {
+    json!({
+        "id":               d.id,
+        "title":            d.title,
+        "author":           d.author,
+        "subreddit":        d.subreddit_name_prefixed,
+        "permalink":        d.permalink.as_ref().map(|p| format!("https://www.reddit.com{p}")),
+        "url":              d.url_overridden_by_dest,
+        "is_self":          d.is_self,
+        "selftext":         d.selftext,
+        "score":            d.score,
+        "upvote_ratio":     d.upvote_ratio,
+        "num_comments":     d.num_comments,
+        "created_utc":      d.created_utc,
+        "link_flair_text":  d.link_flair_text,
+        "over_18":          d.over_18,
+        "spoiler":          d.spoiler,
+        "stickied":         d.stickied,
+        "locked":           d.locked,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Render a single comment + its reply tree. Returns `None` for non-t1
+/// kinds (the trailing `more` placeholder Reddit injects at depth limits).
+fn comment_json(thing: &Thing) -> Option<Value> {
+    if thing.kind != "t1" {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let d = &thing.data;
+    let replies: Vec<Value> = match &d.replies {
+        Some(Replies::Listing(l)) => l.data.children.iter().filter_map(comment_json).collect(),
+        _ => Vec::new(),
+    };
+    Some(json!({
+        "id":             d.id,
+        "author":         d.author,
+        "body":           d.body,
+        "score":          d.score,
+        "created_utc":    d.created_utc,
+        "is_submitter":   d.is_submitter,
+        "stickied":       d.stickied,
+        "depth":          d.depth,
+        "permalink":      d.permalink.as_ref().map(|p| format!("https://www.reddit.com{p}")),
+        "replies":        replies,
+    }))
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// URL helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn host_of(url: &str) -> &str {
+    url.split("://")
+        .nth(1)
+        .unwrap_or(url)
+        .split('/')
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or("")
+}
+
+/// Build the Reddit JSON URL. We keep the original host (`www.reddit.com`
+/// or `old.reddit.com` as the caller gave us). Routing through
+/// `old.reddit.com` unconditionally looks appealing but that host has
+/// stricter UA-based blocking than `www.reddit.com`, while the main
+/// host accepts our Chrome-fingerprinted client fine.
+fn build_json_url(url: &str) -> String {
+    let clean = url.split('?').next().unwrap_or(url).trim_end_matches('/');
+    format!("{clean}.json?raw_json=1")
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Reddit JSON types — only fields we render. Everything else is dropped.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Listing {
+    data: ListingData,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct ListingData {
+    children: Vec<Thing>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Thing {
+    kind: String,
+    data: ThingData,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Default)]
+struct ThingData {
+    // post (t3)
+    id: Option<String>,
+    title: Option<String>,
+    selftext: Option<String>,
+    subreddit_name_prefixed: Option<String>,
+    url_overridden_by_dest: Option<String>,
+    is_self: Option<bool>,
+    upvote_ratio: Option<f64>,
+    num_comments: Option<i64>,
+    over_18: Option<bool>,
+    spoiler: Option<bool>,
+    stickied: Option<bool>,
+    locked: Option<bool>,
+    link_flair_text: Option<String>,
+
+    // comment (t1)
+    author: Option<String>,
+    body: Option<String>,
+    score: Option<i64>,
+    created_utc: Option<f64>,
+    is_submitter: Option<bool>,
+    depth: Option<i64>,
+    permalink: Option<String>,
+
+    // recursive
+    replies: Option<Replies>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum Replies {
+    Listing(Listing),
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    Empty(String),
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -50,17 +207,28 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn matches_thread_urls() {
+    fn matches_reddit_post_urls() {
         assert!(matches(
             "https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc123/some_title/"
         ));
+        assert!(matches(
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc123/some_title"
+        ));
         assert!(matches("https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc123/x/"));
-        assert!(matches("https://reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x"));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn rejects_listing_and_non_reddit() {
+    fn rejects_non_post_reddit_urls() {
         assert!(!matches("https://www.reddit.com/r/rust"));
-        assert!(!matches("https://example.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x"));
+        assert!(!matches("https://www.reddit.com/user/foo"));
+        assert!(!matches("https://example.com/r/rust/comments/x"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn json_url_appends_suffix_and_drops_query() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            build_json_url("https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/?utm=foo"),
+            "https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x.json?raw_json=1"
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/lib.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/lib.rs
index b859955..029a7b6 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ pub mod extractors;
 pub mod fetcher;
 pub mod linkedin;
 pub mod locale;
-pub mod progress;
 pub mod proxy;
 pub mod reddit;
 pub mod sitemap;
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ pub use error::FetchError;
 pub use fetcher::Fetcher;
 pub use http::HeaderMap;
 pub use locale::{accept_language_for_tld, accept_language_for_url};
-pub use progress::{PROGRESS_INTERVAL, with_progress};
 pub use proxy::{parse_proxy_file, parse_proxy_line};
 pub use sitemap::SitemapEntry;
 pub use webclaw_pdf::PdfMode;
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/progress.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/progress.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 75931dd..0000000
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/progress.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-//! Periodic stderr progress line emitter for slow fetches (M13).
-//!
-//! Wraps any async fetch future with a `tokio::select!` against a
-//! `tokio::time::interval`. Every `PROGRESS_INTERVAL` (default 10s) of
-//! elapsed time, emits one line to STDERR of the form:
-//!
-//! ```text
-//! # webclaw: still fetching <URL> (Ns)
-//! ```
-//!
-//! Fetches completing in under `PROGRESS_INTERVAL` emit zero lines (the
-//! timer never fires). Stdout is untouched.
-//!
-//! The URL is truncated to at most 80 chars (head + `...` + tail) so
-//! pathological query strings don't blow up the stderr line. Truncation
-//! is char-boundary safe (operates on `chars`, not bytes).
-
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-use tokio::time::{Instant, MissedTickBehavior, interval};
-
-/// Default progress emission interval. The first tick fires at +10s
-/// elapsed; subsequent ticks at +20s, +30s, etc.
-pub const PROGRESS_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
-
-/// Maximum URL length in the progress line. Longer URLs are truncated
-/// `head...tail` style.
-const MAX_URL_LEN: usize = 80;
-
-/// Wrap a fetch future with the default 10s progress emitter. Writes
-/// progress lines to STDERR via `eprintln!`. Returns the inner future's
-/// result unchanged.
-pub async fn with_progress<F, T>(url: &str, future: F) -> T
-where
-    F: Future<Output = T>,
-{
-    with_progress_writer(url, future, PROGRESS_INTERVAL, |s| eprintln!("{s}")).await
-}
-
-/// Test-friendly variant of [`with_progress`]: caller supplies the tick
-/// interval (so tests can use a 50ms period instead of 10s) and a
-/// writer closure (so tests can capture emitted lines without touching
-/// real stderr).
-///
-/// Production code uses [`with_progress`] which delegates here with
-/// [`PROGRESS_INTERVAL`] and an `eprintln!` writer.
-pub async fn with_progress_writer<F, T, W>(
-    url: &str,
-    future: F,
-    period: Duration,
-    mut writer: W,
-) -> T
-where
-    F: Future<Output = T>,
-    W: FnMut(String),
-{
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let mut ticker = interval(period);
-    // First tick of `tokio::time::interval(period)` fires *immediately*
-    // (at construction time). We don't want a t=0 emit — consume that
-    // first tick before entering the select loop. Subsequent ticks fire
-    // at `start + period`, `start + 2*period`, ...
-    ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
-    ticker.tick().await;
-
-    tokio::pin!(future);
-
-    loop {
-        tokio::select! {
-            // Bias toward the future — if both are ready (rare), prefer
-            // returning the result over emitting a final tick.
-            biased;
-            result = &mut future => {
-                return result;
-            }
-            _ = ticker.tick() => {
-                let elapsed = start.elapsed();
-                writer(format_progress_line(url, elapsed));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Build the progress line: `# webclaw: still fetching <URL> (Ns)`.
-/// URL is truncated via [`truncate_url`] to [`MAX_URL_LEN`] chars.
-/// Elapsed is rounded to whole seconds (10, 20, 30, ...).
-pub(crate) fn format_progress_line(url: &str, elapsed: Duration) -> String {
-    let truncated = truncate_url(url, MAX_URL_LEN);
-    let secs = elapsed.as_secs();
-    format!("# webclaw: still fetching {truncated} ({secs}s)")
-}
-
-/// Truncate `url` to at most `max` chars, using `head...tail` shape
-/// when truncation is needed. Char-boundary safe (operates on `chars`).
-pub(crate) fn truncate_url(url: &str, max: usize) -> String {
-    let total_chars = url.chars().count();
-    if total_chars <= max {
-        return url.to_string();
-    }
-    // Reserve 3 chars for "..." and split the remainder ~70/30 between
-    // head (path-side) and tail (query-side).
-    let avail = max.saturating_sub(3);
-    let head_chars = avail.saturating_sub(17);
-    let tail_chars = 17;
-    let head: String = url.chars().take(head_chars).collect();
-    let tail: String = url
-        .chars()
-        .rev()
-        .take(tail_chars)
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .into_iter()
-        .rev()
-        .collect();
-    format!("{head}...{tail}")
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-
-    /// Collect emitted lines into a `Vec<String>` via a captured writer.
-    fn capture() -> (Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>, impl FnMut(String)) {
-        let sink: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
-        let sink_clone = Arc::clone(&sink);
-        let writer = move |s: String| {
-            sink_clone.lock().unwrap().push(s);
-        };
-        (sink, writer)
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_progress_emits_after_interval_elapsed() {
-        let (sink, writer) = capture();
-        // 250ms future, 50ms interval — expect ~4-5 ticks before resolution.
-        let fut = tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(250));
-        with_progress_writer(
-            "https://example.com/slow",
-            async {
-                fut.await;
-                42_i32
-            },
-            Duration::from_millis(50),
-            writer,
-        )
-        .await;
-        let lines = sink.lock().unwrap();
-        assert!(
-            !lines.is_empty(),
-            "expected >=1 progress line; got {} ({:?})",
-            lines.len(),
-            *lines
-        );
-        for line in lines.iter() {
-            assert!(
-                line.starts_with("# webclaw: still fetching"),
-                "line shape wrong: {line:?}"
-            );
-            assert!(
-                line.contains("https://example.com/slow"),
-                "url missing from line: {line:?}"
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_progress_silent_on_fast_future() {
-        let (sink, writer) = capture();
-        // 10ms future, 1s interval — zero ticks expected.
-        let result = with_progress_writer(
-            "https://example.com/fast",
-            async {
-                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
-                "done"
-            },
-            Duration::from_secs(1),
-            writer,
-        )
-        .await;
-        assert_eq!(result, "done");
-        let lines = sink.lock().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            lines.len(),
-            0,
-            "expected 0 progress lines on fast future; got {:?}",
-            *lines
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_progress_line_includes_url() {
-        let (sink, writer) = capture();
-        let target_url = "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12345";
-        with_progress_writer(
-            target_url,
-            async {
-                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(150)).await;
-            },
-            Duration::from_millis(50),
-            writer,
-        )
-        .await;
-        let lines = sink.lock().unwrap();
-        assert!(!lines.is_empty(), "expected progress lines");
-        assert!(
-            lines.iter().all(|l| l.contains(target_url)),
-            "every line should contain the URL: {:?}",
-            *lines
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_progress_returns_inner_result_ok() {
-        let (_sink, writer) = capture();
-        let r: Result<i32, String> = with_progress_writer(
-            "https://example.com/",
-            async { Ok::<i32, String>(7) },
-            Duration::from_secs(1),
-            writer,
-        )
-        .await;
-        assert_eq!(r, Ok(7));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_progress_propagates_error() {
-        let (_sink, writer) = capture();
-        let r: Result<i32, String> = with_progress_writer(
-            "https://example.com/",
-            async { Err::<i32, String>("boom".to_string()) },
-            Duration::from_secs(1),
-            writer,
-        )
-        .await;
-        assert_eq!(r, Err("boom".to_string()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_truncate_url_short_passthrough() {
-        let url = "https://example.com/";
-        assert_eq!(truncate_url(url, 80), url);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_truncate_url_long_head_dots_tail() {
-        let url = "https://www.example.com/very/long/path/segments/with/lots/of/text/and/then?q=some_long_query_string_value_here&other=more&another=thing";
-        let truncated = truncate_url(url, 80);
-        assert!(
-            truncated.chars().count() <= 80,
-            "truncated length {} > 80: {truncated:?}",
-            truncated.chars().count()
-        );
-        assert!(
-            truncated.contains("..."),
-            "expected '...' marker in truncated url: {truncated:?}"
-        );
-        assert!(
-            truncated.starts_with("https://www.example.com/"),
-            "truncated should start with the URL head: {truncated:?}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_truncate_url_unicode_safe() {
-        // Cyrillic URL longer than 80 chars — must not panic on a
-        // mid-codepoint split.
-        let url =
-            "https://example.com/путь/к/очень/длинной/странице/с/большим/количеством/кириллицы/тут";
-        let truncated = truncate_url(url, 80);
-        assert!(truncated.is_char_boundary(truncated.len()));
-        // Roundtrip through chars to confirm valid UTF-8 throughout.
-        let _: String = truncated.chars().collect();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_format_progress_line_shape() {
-        let line = format_progress_line("https://example.com/", Duration::from_secs(10));
-        assert_eq!(line, "# webclaw: still fetching https://example.com/ (10s)");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_format_progress_line_seconds_only() {
-        // Sub-second elapsed rounds to 0s, not fractions. (In practice
-        // the first tick fires at +PROGRESS_INTERVAL so this is mostly
-        // a defensive shape assertion.)
-        let line = format_progress_line("https://x/", Duration::from_millis(9_500));
-        assert!(
-            line.ends_with("(9s)"),
-            "line should end with `(9s)`: {line:?}"
-        );
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/reddit.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/reddit.rs
index bfe4001..7676ccd 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/reddit.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/reddit.rs
@@ -1,56 +1,172 @@
-//! Reddit URL helpers for the fetch layer.
-//!
-//! The JSON API (`*.json`) is blocked. We rewrite all Reddit hosts to
-//! `old.reddit.com`, which serves stable server-rendered HTML that
-//! `webclaw-core::reddit` parses directly.
+/// Reddit JSON API fallback for extracting posts + comments without JS rendering.
+///
+/// Reddit's new `shreddit` frontend only SSRs the post body — comments are
+/// loaded client-side. Appending `.json` to any Reddit URL returns the full
+/// comment tree as structured JSON, which we convert to clean markdown.
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use tracing::debug;
+use webclaw_core::{Content, ExtractionResult, Metadata};
 
+/// Check if a URL points to a Reddit post/comment page.
 pub fn is_reddit_url(url: &str) -> bool {
-    webclaw_core::reddit::is_reddit_url(url)
+    let host = url
+        .split("://")
+        .nth(1)
+        .unwrap_or(url)
+        .split('/')
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or("");
+    matches!(
+        host,
+        "reddit.com" | "www.reddit.com" | "old.reddit.com" | "np.reddit.com" | "new.reddit.com"
+    )
 }
 
-/// Rewrite any Reddit host to old.reddit.com, preserving path and query.
-pub fn to_old_reddit_url(url: &str) -> String {
-    let Some(scheme_end) = url.find("://") else {
-        return url.to_string();
-    };
-    let after = &url[scheme_end + 3..];
-    let host_end = after.find(['/', '?', '#']).unwrap_or(after.len());
-    let scheme = &url[..scheme_end + 3];
-    let rest = &after[host_end..];
-    format!("{scheme}old.reddit.com{rest}")
+/// Build the `.json` URL from a Reddit page URL.
+pub fn json_url(url: &str) -> String {
+    let clean = url.split('?').next().unwrap_or(url).trim_end_matches('/');
+    format!("{clean}.json")
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
+/// Convert Reddit JSON API response into an ExtractionResult.
+pub fn parse_reddit_json(json_bytes: &[u8], url: &str) -> Result<ExtractionResult, String> {
+    let listings: Vec<Listing> =
+        serde_json::from_slice(json_bytes).map_err(|e| format!("reddit json parse: {e}"))?;
 
-    #[test]
-    fn rewrites_www_to_old() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            to_old_reddit_url("https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/"),
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/"
-        );
+    let mut markdown = String::new();
+    let mut title = None;
+    let mut author = None;
+    let mut subreddit = None;
+
+    // First listing = the post itself
+    if let Some(post_listing) = listings.first() {
+        for child in &post_listing.data.children {
+            if child.kind == "t3" {
+                let d = &child.data;
+                title = d.title.clone();
+                author = d.author.clone();
+                subreddit = d.subreddit_name_prefixed.clone();
+
+                if let Some(ref t) = title {
+                    markdown.push_str(&format!("# {t}\n\n"));
+                }
+                if let (Some(a), Some(sr)) = (&author, &subreddit) {
+                    markdown.push_str(&format!("**u/{a}** in {sr}\n\n"));
+                }
+                if let Some(ref body) = d.selftext
+                    && !body.is_empty()
+                {
+                    markdown.push_str(body);
+                    markdown.push_str("\n\n");
+                }
+                if let Some(ref url_field) = d.url_overridden_by_dest
+                    && !url_field.is_empty()
+                {
+                    markdown.push_str(&format!("[Link]({url_field})\n\n"));
+                }
+                markdown.push_str("---\n\n");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn rewrites_bare_to_old() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            to_old_reddit_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust/"),
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/"
-        );
+    // Second listing = comment tree
+    if let Some(comment_listing) = listings.get(1) {
+        markdown.push_str("## Comments\n\n");
+        for child in &comment_listing.data.children {
+            render_comment(child, 0, &mut markdown);
+        }
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn preserves_old_reddit_unchanged() {
-        let url = "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/abc/x/?context=3";
-        assert_eq!(to_old_reddit_url(url), url);
-    }
+    let word_count = markdown.split_whitespace().count();
+    debug!(word_count, "reddit json extracted");
 
-    #[test]
-    fn preserves_query_and_hash() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            to_old_reddit_url("https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/?sort=top#anchor"),
-            "https://old.reddit.com/r/rust/?sort=top#anchor"
-        );
+    Ok(ExtractionResult {
+        metadata: Metadata {
+            title,
+            description: None,
+            author,
+            published_date: None,
+            language: Some("en".into()),
+            url: Some(url.to_string()),
+            site_name: subreddit,
+            image: None,
+            favicon: None,
+            word_count,
+        },
+        content: Content {
+            markdown,
+            plain_text: String::new(),
+            links: vec![],
+            images: vec![],
+            code_blocks: vec![],
+            raw_html: None,
+        },
+        domain_data: None,
+        structured_data: vec![],
+    })
+}
+
+fn render_comment(thing: &Thing, depth: usize, out: &mut String) {
+    if thing.kind != "t1" {
+        return;
+    }
+    let d = &thing.data;
+    let indent = "  ".repeat(depth);
+    let author = d.author.as_deref().unwrap_or("[deleted]");
+    let body = d.body.as_deref().unwrap_or("[removed]");
+    let score = d.score.unwrap_or(0);
+
+    out.push_str(&format!("{indent}- **u/{author}** ({score} pts)\n"));
+    for line in body.lines() {
+        out.push_str(&format!("{indent}  {line}\n"));
+    }
+    out.push('\n');
+
+    // Recurse into replies
+    if let Some(Replies::Listing(listing)) = &d.replies {
+        for child in &listing.data.children {
+            render_comment(child, depth + 1, out);
+        }
     }
 }
+
+// --- Reddit JSON types (minimal) ---
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Listing {
+    data: ListingData,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct ListingData {
+    children: Vec<Thing>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Thing {
+    kind: String,
+    data: ThingData,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct ThingData {
+    // Post fields (t3)
+    title: Option<String>,
+    selftext: Option<String>,
+    subreddit_name_prefixed: Option<String>,
+    url_overridden_by_dest: Option<String>,
+    // Comment fields (t1)
+    author: Option<String>,
+    body: Option<String>,
+    score: Option<i64>,
+    replies: Option<Replies>,
+}
+
+/// Reddit replies can be either a nested Listing or an empty string.
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum Replies {
+    Listing(Listing),
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    Empty(String),
+}
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/tls.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/tls.rs
index 02209b3..fdaeb0b 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/tls.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/tls.rs
@@ -5,64 +5,22 @@
 //! PSK, ECH GREASE) and HTTP/2 options (SETTINGS order, pseudo-header order,
 //! stream dependency, priorities) to match real browser fingerprints.
 
-use std::{borrow::Cow, io, time::Duration};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use wreq::http2::{
     Http2Options, PseudoId, PseudoOrder, SettingId, SettingsOrder, StreamDependency, StreamId,
 };
-use wreq::tls::compress::CertificateCompressor;
-use wreq::tls::{AlpnProtocol, AlpsProtocol, ExtensionType, TlsOptions, TlsVersion};
-use wreq::{Client, Emulation, Group, IntoEmulation};
-use wreq_util::emulate::compress::{BrotliCompressor, ZlibCompressor};
+use wreq::tls::{
+    AlpnProtocol, AlpsProtocol, CertificateCompressionAlgorithm, ExtensionType, TlsOptions,
+    TlsVersion,
+};
+use wreq::{Client, Emulation};
 
 use crate::browser::BrowserVariant;
 use crate::error::FetchError;
 
-// Certificate-compression advertisement per profile. wreq 6.0.0-rc.29 replaced
-// the `CertificateCompressionAlgorithm` enum argument with `&dyn
-// CertificateCompressor` trait objects; wreq-util ships the concrete zlib/brotli
-// implementations. The advertised set (and order) is a TLS fingerprint signal,
-// so these mirror the previous enum lists exactly.
-static CHROME_CERT_COMPRESSORS: &[&'static dyn CertificateCompressor] = &[&BrotliCompressor];
-static FIREFOX_CERT_COMPRESSORS: &[&'static dyn CertificateCompressor] =
-    &[&ZlibCompressor, &BrotliCompressor];
-static SAFARI_CERT_COMPRESSORS: &[&'static dyn CertificateCompressor] = &[&ZlibCompressor];
-
-#[derive(Clone, Default)]
-struct PublicDnsResolver;
-
-impl wreq::dns::Resolve for PublicDnsResolver {
-    fn resolve(&self, name: wreq::dns::Name) -> wreq::dns::Resolving {
-        Box::pin(async move {
-            let addrs = tokio::net::lookup_host((name.as_str(), 0))
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| Box::new(e) as Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>)?;
-            let mut public = Vec::new();
-
-            for addr in addrs {
-                if crate::url_security::is_blocked_ip(addr.ip()) {
-                    let err: Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync> = Box::new(io::Error::new(
-                        io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
-                        "DNS resolved to a blocked private or internal address",
-                    ));
-                    return Err(err);
-                }
-                public.push(addr);
-            }
-
-            if public.is_empty() {
-                let err: Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync> = Box::new(io::Error::new(
-                    io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
-                    "host did not resolve to any addresses",
-                ));
-                return Err(err);
-            }
-
-            Ok(Box::new(public.into_iter()) as wreq::dns::Addrs)
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 /// Chrome cipher list (TLS 1.3 + TLS 1.2 in Chrome's exact order).
 const CHROME_CIPHERS: &str = "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA:TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA:TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA:TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA";
 
@@ -128,14 +86,14 @@ fn chrome_extensions() -> Vec<ExtensionType> {
         ExtensionType::PSK_KEY_EXCHANGE_MODES,                 // 45
         ExtensionType::EC_POINT_FORMATS,                       // 11
         ExtensionType::CERT_COMPRESSION,                       // 27
-        ExtensionType::APPLICATION_SETTINGS, // 17613 (new codepoint, matches alps_use_new_codepoint)
-        ExtensionType::SUPPORTED_VERSIONS,   // 43
-        ExtensionType::SIGNATURE_ALGORITHMS, // 13
-        ExtensionType::SERVER_NAME,          // 0
+        ExtensionType::APPLICATION_SETTINGS_NEW, // 17613 (new codepoint, matches alps_use_new_codepoint)
+        ExtensionType::SUPPORTED_VERSIONS,       // 43
+        ExtensionType::SIGNATURE_ALGORITHMS,     // 13
+        ExtensionType::SERVER_NAME,              // 0
         ExtensionType::APPLICATION_LAYER_PROTOCOL_NEGOTIATION, // 16
-        ExtensionType::ENCRYPTED_CLIENT_HELLO, // 65037
-        ExtensionType::RENEGOTIATE,          // 65281
-        ExtensionType::EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET, // 23
+        ExtensionType::ENCRYPTED_CLIENT_HELLO,   // 65037
+        ExtensionType::RENEGOTIATE,              // 65281
+        ExtensionType::EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET,   // 23
     ]
 }
 
@@ -296,7 +254,7 @@ fn chrome_tls() -> TlsOptions {
         .alps_protocols([AlpsProtocol::HTTP3, AlpsProtocol::HTTP2])
         .alps_use_new_codepoint(true)
         .aes_hw_override(true)
-        .certificate_compressors(CHROME_CERT_COMPRESSORS)
+        .certificate_compression_algorithms(&[CertificateCompressionAlgorithm::BROTLI])
         .build()
 }
 
@@ -313,7 +271,10 @@ fn firefox_tls() -> TlsOptions {
         .pre_shared_key(true)
         .enable_ocsp_stapling(true)
         .enable_signed_cert_timestamps(true)
-        .certificate_compressors(FIREFOX_CERT_COMPRESSORS)
+        .certificate_compression_algorithms(&[
+            CertificateCompressionAlgorithm::ZLIB,
+            CertificateCompressionAlgorithm::BROTLI,
+        ])
         .build()
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +291,7 @@ fn safari_tls() -> TlsOptions {
         .pre_shared_key(false)
         .enable_ocsp_stapling(true)
         .enable_signed_cert_timestamps(true)
-        .certificate_compressors(SAFARI_CERT_COMPRESSORS)
+        .certificate_compression_algorithms(&[CertificateCompressionAlgorithm::ZLIB])
         .build()
 }
 
@@ -351,23 +312,21 @@ fn safari_tls() -> TlsOptions {
 ///     `priority: u=0, i`, zstd), replace with the real iOS 26 set.
 ///  4. `accept-language` preserved from config.extra_headers for locale.
 fn safari_ios_emulation() -> wreq::Emulation {
-    // wreq 6.0.0-rc.29 exposes the `Emulation` fields directly (no `*_mut()`
-    // accessors) and wreq-util 3.0.0-rc.12 renamed the enum to `Profile` with
-    // `IntoEmulation::into_emulation` replacing `EmulationFactory::emulation`.
-    let mut em = wreq_util::Profile::SafariIos26.into_emulation();
+    use wreq::EmulationFactory;
+    let mut em = wreq_util::Emulation::SafariIos26.emulation();
 
-    if let Some(tls) = em.tls_options.as_mut() {
+    if let Some(tls) = em.tls_options_mut().as_mut() {
         tls.extension_permutation = Some(Cow::Owned(safari_ios_extensions()));
     }
 
     // Only override the priority flag — keep wreq-util's SETTINGS, WINDOW_UPDATE,
     // and pseudo-order intact. Replacing the whole Http2Options resets SETTINGS
     // to defaults, which sends only INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE and fails DataDome.
-    if let Some(h2) = em.http2_options.as_mut() {
+    if let Some(h2) = em.http2_options_mut().as_mut() {
         h2.headers_stream_dependency = Some(StreamDependency::new(StreamId::zero(), 255, true));
     }
 
-    let hm = &mut em.headers;
+    let hm = em.headers_mut();
     hm.clear();
     for (k, v) in SAFARI_IOS_HEADERS {
         if let (Ok(n), Ok(val)) = (
@@ -516,12 +475,12 @@ pub fn build_client(
                 .tls_options(tls)
                 .http2_options(h2)
                 .headers(build_headers(headers))
-                .build(Group::default())
+                .build()
         }
     };
 
     // Append extra headers after profile defaults.
-    let hm = &mut emulation.headers;
+    let hm = emulation.headers_mut();
     for (k, v) in extra_headers {
         if let (Ok(n), Ok(val)) = (
             http::header::HeaderName::from_bytes(k.as_bytes()),
@@ -541,12 +500,9 @@ pub fn build_client(
         .timeout(timeout);
 
     if let Some(proxy_url) = proxy {
-        let proxy = wreq::Proxy::all(proxy_url).map_err(|_| {
-            FetchError::Build(format!("invalid proxy {}", redact_proxy_url(proxy_url)))
-        })?;
+        let proxy =
+            wreq::Proxy::all(proxy_url).map_err(|e| FetchError::Build(format!("proxy: {e}")))?;
         builder = builder.proxy(proxy);
-    } else {
-        builder = builder.dns_resolver(PublicDnsResolver);
     }
 
     builder
@@ -554,24 +510,6 @@ pub fn build_client(
         .map_err(|e| FetchError::Build(e.to_string()))
 }
 
-/// Render a proxy URL safe to log: drop any `user:pass@` userinfo so
-/// rotating-proxy credentials never reach error strings or tracing.
-/// Falls back to a constant placeholder when the input does not parse.
-fn redact_proxy_url(raw: &str) -> String {
-    match url::Url::parse(raw) {
-        Ok(mut u) => {
-            // Best-effort: opaque URLs (e.g. no host) reject these setters;
-            // in that case fall through to the placeholder rather than risk
-            // returning the raw string with credentials.
-            if u.set_username("").is_err() || u.set_password(None).is_err() {
-                return "<proxy redacted>".to_string();
-            }
-            u.to_string()
-        }
-        Err(_) => "<proxy redacted>".to_string(),
-    }
-}
-
 fn ssrf_safe_redirect_policy(
     follow_redirects: bool,
     max_redirects: usize,
@@ -594,41 +532,3 @@ fn ssrf_safe_redirect_policy(
         })
     })
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::redact_proxy_url;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn redacts_userinfo_from_proxy_url() {
-        let red = redact_proxy_url("http://user123:s3cr3tPass@proxy.example.com:8080");
-        assert!(!red.contains("user123"), "username leaked: {red}");
-        assert!(!red.contains("s3cr3tPass"), "password leaked: {red}");
-        assert!(red.contains("proxy.example.com"), "host lost: {red}");
-        assert!(red.contains("8080"), "port lost: {red}");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn redacts_long_token_residential_proxy() {
-        // Residential-style: long structured credential with embedded
-        // tokens in the username and special chars in the password.
-        let red =
-            redact_proxy_url("http://acct-zone-resi-country-xx:p@ss-word@gw.proxy.example:12321");
-        assert!(!red.contains("acct-zone-resi"), "username leaked: {red}");
-        assert!(!red.contains("p@ss-word"), "password leaked: {red}");
-        assert!(red.contains("gw.proxy.example"));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn unparseable_proxy_does_not_echo_input() {
-        let red = redact_proxy_url("user:pass@not a url");
-        assert_eq!(red, "<proxy redacted>");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn proxy_without_credentials_is_preserved() {
-        let red = redact_proxy_url("http://proxy.example.com:3128");
-        assert!(red.contains("proxy.example.com"));
-        assert!(red.contains("3128"));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/url_security.rs b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/url_security.rs
index 328879e..1d2b534 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/url_security.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-fetch/src/url_security.rs
@@ -163,9 +163,7 @@ mod tests {
             Ipv4Addr::new(169, 254, 169, 254),
             Ipv4Addr::new(172, 16, 0, 1),
             Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 0, 1),
-            Ipv4Addr::new(192, 0, 0, 8),
             Ipv4Addr::new(198, 18, 0, 1),
-            Ipv4Addr::new(255, 255, 255, 255),
         ] {
             let url = format!("http://{ip}/");
             assert!(validate_public_http_url(&url).await.is_err(), "{ip}");
@@ -195,9 +193,4 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert!(is_blocked_ip(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(8, 8, 8, 8))) == false);
     }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn blocks_localhost_domains_after_resolution() {
-        assert!(validate_public_http_url("http://localhost/").await.is_err());
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/anthropic.rs b/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/anthropic.rs
index eb15973..e6e43c8 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/anthropic.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/anthropic.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 /// Anthropic provider — Claude models via api.anthropic.com.
 /// Anthropic's API differs from OpenAI: system message is a top-level param,
 /// not part of the messages array.
-use std::time::Duration;
-
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use serde_json::json;
 
@@ -37,11 +35,7 @@ impl AnthropicProvider {
         let key = load_api_key(key_override, "ANTHROPIC_API_KEY")?;
 
         Some(Self {
-            client: reqwest::Client::builder()
-                .timeout(Duration::from_secs(120))
-                .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
-                .build()
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| reqwest::Client::new()),
+            client: reqwest::Client::new(),
             key,
             base_url: base_url
                 .or_else(|| std::env::var("ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL").ok())
@@ -114,7 +108,11 @@ impl LlmProvider for AnthropicProvider {
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
             let text = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-            let safe_text = text.chars().take(500).collect::<String>();
+            let safe_text = if text.len() > 500 {
+                &text[..500]
+            } else {
+                &text
+            };
             return Err(LlmError::ProviderError(format!(
                 "anthropic returned {status}: {safe_text}"
             )));
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/ollama.rs b/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/ollama.rs
index e7e3891..9ee66c9 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/ollama.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/ollama.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 /// Ollama provider — talks to a local Ollama instance (default localhost:11434).
 /// First choice in the provider chain: free, private, fast on Apple Silicon.
-use std::time::Duration;
-
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use serde_json::json;
 
@@ -26,11 +24,7 @@ impl OllamaProvider {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| "qwen3:8b".into());
 
         Self {
-            client: reqwest::Client::builder()
-                .timeout(Duration::from_secs(120))
-                .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
-                .build()
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| reqwest::Client::new()),
+            client: reqwest::Client::new(),
             base_url,
             default_model,
         }
@@ -76,7 +70,11 @@ impl LlmProvider for OllamaProvider {
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
             let text = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-            let safe_text = text.chars().take(500).collect::<String>();
+            let safe_text = if text.len() > 500 {
+                &text[..500]
+            } else {
+                &text
+            };
             return Err(LlmError::ProviderError(format!(
                 "ollama returned {status}: {safe_text}"
             )));
@@ -100,8 +98,7 @@ impl LlmProvider for OllamaProvider {
 
     async fn is_available(&self) -> bool {
         let url = format!("{}/api/tags", self.base_url);
-        let req = self.client.get(&url).timeout(Duration::from_secs(10));
-        matches!(req.send().await, Ok(r) if r.status().is_success())
+        matches!(self.client.get(&url).send().await, Ok(r) if r.status().is_success())
     }
 
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/openai.rs b/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/openai.rs
index af15fcd..3780d8f 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/openai.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-llm/src/providers/openai.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 /// OpenAI provider — works with api.openai.com and any OpenAI-compatible endpoint.
-use std::time::Duration;
-
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use serde_json::json;
 
@@ -71,11 +69,7 @@ impl OpenAiProvider {
         let key = load_api_key(key_override, "OPENAI_API_KEY")?;
 
         Some(Self {
-            client: reqwest::Client::builder()
-                .timeout(Duration::from_secs(120))
-                .connect_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
-                .build()
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| reqwest::Client::new()),
+            client: reqwest::Client::new(),
             key,
             base_url: base_url
                 .or_else(|| std::env::var("OPENAI_BASE_URL").ok())
@@ -138,7 +132,11 @@ impl LlmProvider for OpenAiProvider {
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
             let text = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-            let safe_text = text.chars().take(500).collect::<String>();
+            let safe_text = if text.len() > 500 {
+                &text[..500]
+            } else {
+                &text
+            };
             return Err(LlmError::ProviderError(format!(
                 "openai returned {status}: {safe_text}"
             )));
diff --git a/crates/webclaw-mcp/src/server.rs b/crates/webclaw-mcp/src/server.rs
index 67cf06a..d56032d 100644
--- a/crates/webclaw-mcp/src/server.rs
+++ b/crates/webclaw-mcp/src/server.rs
@@ -51,10 +51,9 @@ fn parse_browser(browser: Option<&str>) -> webclaw_fetch::BrowserProfile {
     }
 }
 
-/// Validate that a URL is public HTTP(S), matching the fetch-layer SSRF guard.
-async fn validate_url(url: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
-    webclaw_fetch::url_security::validate_public_http_url(url)
-        .await
+/// Validate that a URL is non-empty and has an http or https scheme.
+fn validate_url(url: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    webclaw_fetch::url_security::validate_http_url(url)
         .map(|_| ())
         .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid URL: {e}"))
 }
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
     /// Automatically falls back to the webclaw cloud API when bot protection or JS rendering is detected.
     #[tool]
     async fn scrape(&self, Parameters(params): Parameters<ScrapeParams>) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
         let format = params.format.as_deref().unwrap_or("markdown");
         let browser = parse_browser(params.browser.as_deref());
         let include = params.include_selectors.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
     /// Crawl a website starting from a seed URL, following links breadth-first up to a configurable depth and page limit.
     #[tool]
     async fn crawl(&self, Parameters(params): Parameters<CrawlParams>) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
 
         if let Some(max) = params.max_pages
             && max > 500
@@ -301,7 +300,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
     /// Discover URLs from a website's sitemaps (robots.txt + sitemap.xml).
     #[tool]
     async fn map(&self, Parameters(params): Parameters<MapParams>) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
         let entries = webclaw_fetch::sitemap::discover(&self.fetch_client, &params.url)
             .await
             .map_err(|e| format!("Sitemap discovery failed: {e}"))?;
@@ -323,10 +322,9 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
         if params.urls.len() > 100 {
             return Err("batch is limited to 100 URLs per request".into());
         }
-        // No up-front DNS pre-validation: it aborted the whole batch on a
-        // single unresolvable URL. The fetch layer applies the same SSRF
-        // guard (validate_public_http_url) per URL, so bad entries surface
-        // as individual per-URL errors below instead of failing the batch.
+        for u in &params.urls {
+            validate_url(u)?;
+        }
 
         let format = params.format.as_deref().unwrap_or("markdown");
         let concurrency = params.concurrency.unwrap_or(5);
@@ -367,7 +365,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
         &self,
         Parameters(params): Parameters<ExtractParams>,
     ) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
 
         if params.schema.is_none() && params.prompt.is_none() {
             return Err("Either 'schema' or 'prompt' is required for extraction.".into());
@@ -424,7 +422,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
         &self,
         Parameters(params): Parameters<SummarizeParams>,
     ) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
 
         // No local LLM — fall back to cloud API directly
         if self.llm_chain.is_none() {
@@ -466,7 +464,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
     /// Automatically falls back to the webclaw cloud API when bot protection is detected.
     #[tool]
     async fn diff(&self, Parameters(params): Parameters<DiffParams>) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
         let previous: webclaw_core::ExtractionResult =
             serde_json::from_str(&params.previous_snapshot)
                 .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse previous_snapshot JSON: {e}"))?;
@@ -534,7 +532,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
     /// Automatically falls back to the webclaw cloud API when bot protection is detected.
     #[tool]
     async fn brand(&self, Parameters(params): Parameters<BrandParams>) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
         let fetch_result =
             tokio::time::timeout(LOCAL_FETCH_TIMEOUT, self.fetch_client.fetch(&params.url))
                 .await
@@ -739,7 +737,7 @@ impl WebclawMcp {
         &self,
         Parameters(params): Parameters<VerticalParams>,
     ) -> Result<String, String> {
-        validate_url(&params.url).await?;
+        validate_url(&params.url)?;
         // Use the cached Firefox client, not the default Chrome one.
         // Reddit's `.json` endpoint rejects the wreq-Chrome TLS
         // fingerprint with a 403 even from residential IPs (they
@@ -801,9 +799,7 @@ fn slugify(query: &str) -> String {
         .collect::<Vec<_>>()
         .join("-")
         .to_lowercase();
-    // char-safe truncation: byte slicing panics if char 60 lands
-    // mid-codepoint (multibyte queries, e.g. CJK / accented input).
-    s.chars().take(60).collect()
+    if s.len() > 60 { s[..60].to_string() } else { s }
 }
 
 /// Check for a cached research result. Returns the compact response if found.
@@ -859,32 +855,3 @@ fn save_research(dir: &std::path::Path, slug: &str, data: &serde_json::Value) ->
         json_path.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
     )
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::slugify;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn slugify_multibyte_query_does_not_panic() {
-        // Byte-slicing s[..60] would panic mid-codepoint on multibyte
-        // alphanumerics; char-safe truncation must not.
-        let q = "日本語のクエリ".repeat(20); // long, 3-byte chars
-        let s = slugify(&q);
-        assert!(
-            s.chars().count() <= 60,
-            "slug too long: {}",
-            s.chars().count()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn slugify_ascii_unchanged_under_limit() {
-        assert_eq!(slugify("Hello World Query"), "hello-world-query");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn slugify_caps_long_ascii_at_60_chars() {
-        let s = slugify(&"word ".repeat(40));
-        assert!(s.len() <= 60);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/deploy/hetzner.sh b/deploy/hetzner.sh
index 826c9b5..9c5e92d 100755
--- a/deploy/hetzner.sh
+++ b/deploy/hetzner.sh
@@ -44,19 +44,6 @@ warn()    { printf "${YELLOW}[!]${RESET} %s\n" "$*"; }
 error()   { printf "${RED}[x]${RESET} %s\n" "$*" >&2; }
 fatal()   { error "$*"; exit 1; }
 
-# Mask a secret for display: keep the last 4 chars, redact the rest.
-# Empty input renders as "(not set)".
-mask_secret() {
-    local s="$1"
-    if [[ -z "$s" ]]; then
-        printf '(not set)'
-    elif (( ${#s} <= 4 )); then
-        printf '****'
-    else
-        printf '****%s' "${s: -4}"
-    fi
-}
-
 prompt() {
     local var_name="$1" prompt_text="$2" default="${3:-}"
     if [[ -n "$default" ]]; then
@@ -65,7 +52,7 @@ prompt() {
         printf "${CYAN}    %s${RESET}: " "$prompt_text"
     fi
     read -r input
-    printf -v "$var_name" '%s' "${input:-$default}"
+    eval "$var_name=\"${input:-$default}\""
 }
 
 prompt_secret() {
@@ -77,7 +64,7 @@ prompt_secret() {
     fi
     read -rs input
     echo
-    printf -v "$var_name" '%s' "${input:-$default}"
+    eval "$var_name=\"${input:-$default}\""
 }
 
 generate_key() {
@@ -387,7 +374,7 @@ create_server() {
     printf "    Domain:       ${BOLD}%s${RESET}\n" "${DOMAIN:-none}"
     printf "    OpenAI key:   ${BOLD}%s${RESET}\n" "$([ -n "$OPENAI_KEY" ] && echo 'set' || echo 'not set')"
     printf "    Anthropic key:${BOLD}%s${RESET}\n" "$([ -n "$ANTHROPIC_KEY" ] && echo 'set' || echo 'not set')"
-    printf "    Auth key:     ${BOLD}%s${RESET}\n" "$(mask_secret "$AUTH_KEY")"
+    printf "    Auth key:     ${BOLD}%s${RESET}\n" "$AUTH_KEY"
     printf "    Ollama model: ${BOLD}%s${RESET}\n" "$OLLAMA_MODEL"
     echo
 
@@ -467,9 +454,7 @@ create_server() {
     echo
     printf "  ${BOLD}Server IP:${RESET}    %s\n" "$server_ip"
     printf "  ${BOLD}SSH:${RESET}          ssh root@%s\n" "$server_ip"
-    printf "  ${BOLD}Auth key:${RESET}     %s\n" "$(mask_secret "$AUTH_KEY")"
-    printf "  ${DIM}(full key stored in /opt/webclaw/.env on the server:\n"
-    printf "   ssh root@%s 'grep WEBCLAW_AUTH_KEY /opt/webclaw/.env')${RESET}\n" "$server_ip"
+    printf "  ${BOLD}Auth key:${RESET}     %s\n" "$AUTH_KEY"
     echo
     printf "  ${BOLD}Monitor build progress:${RESET}\n"
     printf "    ssh root@%s 'cd /opt/webclaw && docker compose logs -f'\n" "$server_ip"
@@ -480,7 +465,7 @@ create_server() {
     printf "  ${BOLD}Scrape:${RESET}\n"
     printf "    curl -X POST http://%s:3000/v1/scrape \\\\\n" "$server_ip"
     printf "      -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\\\n"
-    printf "      -H 'Authorization: Bearer <YOUR_AUTH_KEY>' \\\\\n"
+    printf "      -H 'Authorization: Bearer %s' \\\\\n" "$AUTH_KEY"
     printf "      -d '{\"url\": \"https://example.com\"}'\n"
     echo
 
@@ -497,8 +482,7 @@ create_server() {
     echo
 
     printf "  ${BOLD}Tear down:${RESET}\n"
-    printf "    HETZNER_TOKEN=\$HETZNER_TOKEN ./deploy/hetzner.sh --destroy\n"
-    printf "    ${DIM}(re-export the same token you used to deploy)${RESET}\n"
+    printf "    HETZNER_TOKEN=%s ./deploy/hetzner.sh --destroy\n" "$HETZNER_TOKEN"
     echo
 }
 
diff --git a/examples/README.md b/examples/README.md
index 0967d74..142f132 100644
--- a/examples/README.md
+++ b/examples/README.md
@@ -2,14 +2,6 @@
 
 Practical examples showing what webclaw can do. Each example is a self-contained command you can run immediately.
 
-## Workflow Guides
-
-- [HTML to Markdown for RAG](./html-to-markdown-rag/) turns web pages into markdown or compact LLM text for retrieval pipelines.
-- [Firecrawl-Compatible API](./firecrawl-compatible-api/) shows the `/v2` compatibility routes for scrape, crawl, map, and search.
-- [MCP Web Scraping](./mcp-web-scraping/) connects webclaw to MCP clients such as Claude Code, Claude Desktop, Cursor, and Codex CLI.
-- [Proxy-Backed Crawling](./proxy-backed-crawling/) shows single-proxy and proxy-pool crawling from the CLI.
-- [Cloudflare Diagnostics](./cloudflare-diagnostics/) gives a reproducible checklist for blocked or empty protected-site results.
-
 ## Basic Extraction
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/examples/cloudflare-diagnostics/README.md b/examples/cloudflare-diagnostics/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index e8fd197..0000000
--- a/examples/cloudflare-diagnostics/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# Cloudflare Diagnostics
-
-Use this checklist when a page works in the browser but fails from a scraper, returns a challenge page, or produces empty extracted content.
-
-## 1. Save the Raw Response
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --raw-html > raw.html
-```
-
-Inspect `raw.html` for challenge copy, blocked request text, empty shells, or application HTML that needs JavaScript rendering.
-
-## 2. Compare Extracted Formats
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --format markdown > page.md
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --format json > page.json
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --format llm > page.txt
-```
-
-If raw HTML has content but markdown is empty, tune extraction with selectors:
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://protected.example.com \
-  --include "main, article, [role=main]" \
-  --exclude "nav, footer, aside, .cookie-banner" \
-  --format markdown
-```
-
-## 3. Try Another Browser Fingerprint
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --browser firefox --format markdown
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --browser random --format markdown
-```
-
-## 4. Use Cloud Fallback
-
-```bash
-export WEBCLAW_API_KEY=wc_your_key
-
-webclaw https://protected.example.com --cloud --format markdown
-```
-
-Cloud mode can use hosted routing, JS rendering, and protected-site handling that are not part of the fully local open-source path.
-
-## 5. Keep a Reproducible Report
-
-When reporting a problem, include:
-
-- target URL
-- command used
-- selected format
-- whether `--raw-html` returned a challenge or normal page HTML
-- whether `--browser firefox` changed the result
-- whether cloud mode changed the result
-
-Remove cookies, tokens, customer data, and private URLs before sharing logs.
diff --git a/examples/firecrawl-compatible-api/README.md b/examples/firecrawl-compatible-api/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index e6c3f4b..0000000
--- a/examples/firecrawl-compatible-api/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-# Firecrawl-Compatible API
-
-webclaw exposes Firecrawl-compatible v2 routes for teams migrating existing scrape, crawl, map, or search calls.
-
-## Scrape
-
-```bash
-curl https://api.webclaw.io/v2/scrape \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY" \
-  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d '{
-    "url": "https://example.com",
-    "formats": ["markdown"]
-  }'
-```
-
-## Crawl
-
-```bash
-curl https://api.webclaw.io/v2/crawl \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY" \
-  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d '{
-    "url": "https://docs.example.com",
-    "limit": 25,
-    "maxDepth": 2
-  }'
-```
-
-Poll the returned crawl id:
-
-```bash
-curl https://api.webclaw.io/v2/crawl/$CRAWL_ID \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY"
-```
-
-## Map
-
-```bash
-curl https://api.webclaw.io/v2/map \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY" \
-  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d '{
-    "url": "https://docs.example.com"
-  }'
-```
-
-## Search
-
-```bash
-curl https://api.webclaw.io/v2/search \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY" \
-  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d '{
-    "query": "site:docs.rs tokio tutorial",
-    "limit": 5
-  }'
-```
-
-Compatibility routes are meant to reduce migration friction. For new projects, prefer the native `/v1` API because it exposes webclaw-specific options more directly.
diff --git a/examples/html-to-markdown-rag/README.md b/examples/html-to-markdown-rag/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d4c29b3..0000000
--- a/examples/html-to-markdown-rag/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# HTML to Markdown for RAG
-
-Turn web pages into clean markdown or compact LLM text before chunking, embedding, or passing the page to an agent.
-
-## CLI
-
-```bash
-# Clean markdown with headings, links, and readable structure.
-webclaw https://docs.anthropic.com --format markdown > page.md
-
-# Token-optimized output for direct LLM context.
-webclaw https://docs.anthropic.com --format llm > page.txt
-
-# Keep the main article content and remove common navigation/footer noise.
-webclaw https://docs.anthropic.com \
-  --only-main-content \
-  --format markdown \
-  > page.md
-```
-
-## Batch a URL List
-
-Create `urls.txt`:
-
-```text
-https://docs.anthropic.com/
-https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/claude-code
-https://docs.anthropic.com/en/api/messages
-```
-
-Run:
-
-```bash
-webclaw --urls-file urls.txt --format llm > corpus.txt
-```
-
-## Hosted API
-
-```bash
-curl https://api.webclaw.io/v1/scrape \
-  -H "Authorization: Bearer $WEBCLAW_API_KEY" \
-  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d '{
-    "url": "https://docs.anthropic.com",
-    "formats": ["markdown", "llm"],
-    "only_main_content": true
-  }'
-```
-
-Use `markdown` when humans may inspect the output. Use `llm` when the next step is chunking, embedding, summarization, or prompt context.
diff --git a/examples/mcp-web-scraping/README.md b/examples/mcp-web-scraping/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0663670..0000000
--- a/examples/mcp-web-scraping/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-# MCP Web Scraping
-
-Use webclaw as a local MCP server so Claude Code, Claude Desktop, Cursor, Windsurf, OpenCode, Codex CLI, or another MCP client can fetch clean web context.
-
-## Install
-
-```bash
-npx create-webclaw
-```
-
-The installer detects supported MCP clients and can write the config for you.
-
-## Manual Config
-
-```json
-{
-  "mcpServers": {
-    "webclaw": {
-      "command": "~/.webclaw/webclaw-mcp",
-      "env": {
-        "WEBCLAW_API_KEY": "wc_your_key"
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-`WEBCLAW_API_KEY` is optional for local extraction. Add it when you want cloud fallback for protected sites, JS rendering, hosted search, or hosted research.
-
-## Example Prompts
-
-```text
-Scrape https://docs.rs/tokio and summarize the parts about task spawning.
-```
-
-```text
-Crawl https://docs.example.com up to depth 2 and return the pages most relevant to authentication.
-```
-
-```text
-Extract the pricing tiers from https://example.com/pricing as JSON with fields name, price, limits, and features.
-```
-
-The MCP server exposes tools for scrape, crawl, map, batch, extract, summarize, diff, brand, research, search, and vertical extractors.
diff --git a/examples/proxy-backed-crawling/README.md b/examples/proxy-backed-crawling/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d82a0ff..0000000
--- a/examples/proxy-backed-crawling/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-# Proxy-Backed Crawling
-
-Use proxy rotation when you need to distribute a crawl across a proxy pool. webclaw supports a single proxy or a proxy file, and accepts any standard HTTP/HTTPS or SOCKS5 proxy URL.
-
-## Using ColdProxy
-
-[ColdProxy](https://coldproxy.com/) is webclaw's infrastructure partner, providing residential IPv4, residential IPv6, and datacenter IPv6 proxies across 195+ countries. Use a ColdProxy endpoint as a full URL with `--proxy` / `WEBCLAW_PROXY`, or list several in a `--proxy-file` pool.
-
-### 1. Get your endpoint
-
-Sign in to your [ColdProxy dashboard](https://coldproxy.com/) and copy your proxy host, port, and credentials. Assemble them into a standard proxy URL:
-
-```text
-http://USERNAME:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
-```
-
-### 2. One ColdProxy endpoint
-
-```bash
-export WEBCLAW_PROXY="http://USERNAME:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT"
-webclaw https://example.com --format markdown
-```
-
-Or pass it inline:
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com \
-  --proxy "http://USERNAME:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT" \
-  --format markdown
-```
-
-### 3. Rotate a ColdProxy pool
-
-List one ColdProxy endpoint per line in `coldproxy.txt`. Pool files use `host:port:user:pass` (one entry per line; lines starting with `#` are ignored). Mix product types and regions to match your workload:
-
-```text
-# residential IPv4
-HOST:PORT:USERNAME:PASSWORD
-# residential IPv6
-HOST:PORT:USERNAME:PASSWORD
-# datacenter IPv6
-HOST:PORT:USERNAME:PASSWORD
-```
-
-webclaw rotates across the pool per request:
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://docs.example.com \
-  --crawl \
-  --depth 2 \
-  --max-pages 200 \
-  --concurrency 10 \
-  --delay 200 \
-  --proxy-file coldproxy.txt \
-  --format markdown
-```
-
-### 4. Target a country
-
-ColdProxy offers access across 195+ countries. Use the country-specific endpoint from your ColdProxy dashboard for each region you want to collect from (for example, a France residential endpoint for fr-localized pages). Add one endpoint per country to your pool file to spread a single crawl across regions.
-
-### Choosing a product
-
-- **Residential IPv4 / IPv6** — highest trust; best for consumer sites, geo-restricted content, and regional QA.
-- **Datacenter IPv6** — fastest and most cost-effective; best for high-volume crawling of tolerant endpoints.
-
-## Single Proxy
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com \
-  --proxy http://user:pass@proxy.example.com:8080 \
-  --format markdown
-```
-
-SOCKS5 is supported too:
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://example.com \
-  --proxy socks5://proxy.example.com:1080 \
-  --format markdown
-```
-
-## Proxy Pool
-
-Create `proxies.txt` with one proxy per line in `host:port:user:pass` format (lines starting with `#` are ignored):
-
-```text
-proxy-1.example.com:8080:user:pass
-proxy-2.example.com:8080:user:pass
-proxy-3.example.com:8080:user:pass
-```
-
-Run a crawl with controlled concurrency:
-
-```bash
-webclaw https://docs.example.com \
-  --crawl \
-  --depth 2 \
-  --max-pages 100 \
-  --concurrency 10 \
-  --delay 200 \
-  --proxy-file proxies.txt \
-  --format markdown
-```
-
-## Batch URLs
-
-```bash
-webclaw --urls-file urls.txt \
-  --proxy-file proxies.txt \
-  --concurrency 10 \
-  --format json
-```
-
-Proxy rotation helps with throughput and IP reputation. It does not replace request fingerprinting, JS rendering, or challenge handling for heavily protected sites. For those, use hosted cloud mode with `WEBCLAW_API_KEY`.
diff --git a/setup.sh b/setup.sh
index 1b3c0fb..cd695a4 100755
--- a/setup.sh
+++ b/setup.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ prompt() {
         printf "${CYAN}    %s${RESET}: " "$prompt_text"
     fi
     read -r input
-    printf -v "$var_name" '%s' "${input:-$default}"
+    eval "$var_name=\"${input:-$default}\""
 }
 
 prompt_secret() {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ prompt_secret() {
     fi
     read -rs input
     echo
-    printf -v "$var_name" '%s' "${input:-$default}"
+    eval "$var_name=\"${input:-$default}\""
 }
 
 prompt_yn() {