diff --git a/tests/integration/test_cassandra_config_end_to_end.py b/tests/integration/test_cassandra_config_end_to_end.py
index 1e4276fe..514a5dbf 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_cassandra_config_end_to_end.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_cassandra_config_end_to_end.py
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ class TestEndToEndConfigurationFlow:
                 cassandra_host=['kg-host1', 'kg-host2', 'kg-host3', 'kg-host4'],
                 cassandra_username='kg-user',
                 cassandra_password='kg-pass',
-                keyspace='knowledge'
+                keyspace='knowledge',
+                replication_factor=1,
             )
 
 
@@ -182,7 +183,8 @@ class TestConfigurationPriorityEndToEnd:
                 cassandra_host=['partial-host'],         # From parameter
                 cassandra_username='fallback-user',      # From environment
                 cassandra_password='fallback-pass',      # From environment
-                keyspace='knowledge'
+                keyspace='knowledge',
+                replication_factor=1,
             )
     
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -273,7 +275,8 @@ class TestNoBackwardCompatibilityEndToEnd:
             cassandra_host=['legacy-kg-host'],
             cassandra_username=None,  # Should be None since cassandra_user is not recognized
             cassandra_password='legacy-kg-pass',
-            keyspace='knowledge'
+            keyspace='knowledge',
+            replication_factor=1,
         )
     
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -367,13 +370,13 @@ class TestMultipleHostsHandling:
         from trustgraph.base.cassandra_config import resolve_cassandra_config
         
         # Test various whitespace scenarios
-        hosts1, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1, host2 ,  host3')
+        hosts1, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1, host2 ,  host3')
         assert hosts1 == ['host1', 'host2', 'host3']
         
-        hosts2, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1,host2,host3,')
+        hosts2, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1,host2,host3,')
         assert hosts2 == ['host1', 'host2', 'host3']
         
-        hosts3, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='  host1  ,  host2  ')
+        hosts3, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='  host1  ,  host2  ')
         assert hosts3 == ['host1', 'host2']
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_base/test_cassandra_config.py b/tests/unit/test_base/test_cassandra_config.py
index 5703c7e1..a291434d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_base/test_cassandra_config.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_base/test_cassandra_config.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class TestResolveCassandraConfig:
     def test_default_configuration(self):
         """Test resolution with no parameters or environment variables."""
         with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True):
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config()
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config()
             
             assert hosts == ['cassandra']
             assert username is None
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class TestResolveCassandraConfig:
         }
         
         with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config()
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config()
             
             assert hosts == ['env1', 'env2', 'env3']
             assert username == 'env-user'
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class TestResolveCassandraConfig:
         }
         
         with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
                 host='explicit-host',
                 username='explicit-user',
                 password='explicit-pass'
@@ -188,19 +188,19 @@ class TestResolveCassandraConfig:
     def test_host_list_parsing(self):
         """Test different host list formats."""
         # Single host
-        hosts, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='single-host')
+        hosts, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='single-host')
         assert hosts == ['single-host']
         
         # Multiple hosts with spaces
-        hosts, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1, host2 ,host3')
+        hosts, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1, host2 ,host3')
         assert hosts == ['host1', 'host2', 'host3']
         
         # Empty elements filtered out
-        hosts, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1,,host2,')
+        hosts, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='host1,,host2,')
         assert hosts == ['host1', 'host2']
         
         # Already a list
-        hosts, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host=['list-host1', 'list-host2'])
+        hosts, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host=['list-host1', 'list-host2'])
         assert hosts == ['list-host1', 'list-host2']
     
     def test_args_object_resolution(self):
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class TestResolveCassandraConfig:
             cassandra_password = 'args-pass'
         
         args = MockArgs()
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(args)
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(args)
         
         assert hosts == ['args-host1', 'args-host2']
         assert username == 'args-user'
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class TestResolveCassandraConfig:
         
         with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
             args = PartialArgs()
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(args)
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(args)
             
             assert hosts == ['args-host']  # From args
             assert username == 'env-user'  # From env
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class TestGetCassandraConfigFromParams:
             'cassandra_password': 'new-pass'
         }
         
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
         
         assert hosts == ['new-host1', 'new-host2']
         assert username == 'new-user'
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class TestGetCassandraConfigFromParams:
             'graph_password': 'old-pass'
         }
         
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
         
         # Should use defaults since graph_* params are not recognized
         assert hosts == ['cassandra']  # Default
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class TestGetCassandraConfigFromParams:
             'cassandra_password': 'compat-pass'
         }
         
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
         
         assert hosts == ['compat-host']
         assert username is None  # cassandra_user is not recognized
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ class TestGetCassandraConfigFromParams:
             'graph_password': 'old-pass'
         }
         
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
         
         assert hosts == ['new-host']  # Only cassandra_* params work
         assert username == 'new-user'  # Only cassandra_* params work
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class TestGetCassandraConfigFromParams:
         
         with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
             params = {}
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = get_cassandra_config_from_params(params)
             
             assert hosts == ['fallback-host1', 'fallback-host2']
             assert username == 'fallback-user'
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class TestConfigurationPriority:
         
         with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
             # CLI args should override everything
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
                 host='cli-host',
                 username='cli-user',
                 password='cli-pass'
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ class TestConfigurationPriority:
         
         with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=True):
             # Only provide host via CLI
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
                 host='cli-host'
                 # username and password not provided
             )
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class TestConfigurationPriority:
     def test_no_config_defaults(self):
         """Test that defaults are used when no configuration is provided."""
         with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True):
-            hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config()
+            hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config()
             
             assert hosts == ['cassandra']  # Default
             assert username is None       # Default
@@ -378,17 +378,17 @@ class TestEdgeCases:
     
     def test_empty_host_string(self):
         """Test handling of empty host string falls back to default."""
-        hosts, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='')
+        hosts, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='')
         assert hosts == ['cassandra']  # Falls back to default
     
     def test_whitespace_only_host(self):
         """Test handling of whitespace-only host string."""
-        hosts, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='   ')
+        hosts, _, _, _, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(host='   ')
         assert hosts == []  # Empty after stripping whitespace
     
     def test_none_values_preserved(self):
         """Test that None values are preserved correctly."""
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=None,
             username=None,
             password=None
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ class TestEdgeCases:
     
     def test_mixed_none_and_values(self):
         """Test mixing None and actual values."""
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host='mixed-host',
             username=None,
             password='mixed-pass'
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_storage/test_cassandra_config_integration.py b/tests/unit/test_storage/test_cassandra_config_integration.py
index 0956f4e7..87a366fc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_storage/test_cassandra_config_integration.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_storage/test_cassandra_config_integration.py
@@ -218,7 +218,8 @@ class TestKgStoreConfiguration:
                 cassandra_host=['kg-env-host1', 'kg-env-host2', 'kg-env-host3'],
                 cassandra_username='kg-env-user',
                 cassandra_password='kg-env-pass',
-                keyspace='knowledge'
+                keyspace='knowledge',
+                replication_factor=1,
             )
     
     @patch('trustgraph.storage.knowledge.store.KnowledgeTableStore')
@@ -239,7 +240,8 @@ class TestKgStoreConfiguration:
             cassandra_host=['explicit-host'],
             cassandra_username='explicit-user',
             cassandra_password='explicit-pass',
-            keyspace='knowledge'
+            keyspace='knowledge',
+            replication_factor=1,
         )
     
     @patch('trustgraph.storage.knowledge.store.KnowledgeTableStore')
@@ -260,7 +262,8 @@ class TestKgStoreConfiguration:
             cassandra_host=['compat-host'],
             cassandra_username=None,  # Should be None since cassandra_user is ignored
             cassandra_password='compat-pass',
-            keyspace='knowledge'
+            keyspace='knowledge',
+            replication_factor=1,
         )
     
     @patch('trustgraph.storage.knowledge.store.KnowledgeTableStore')
@@ -277,7 +280,8 @@ class TestKgStoreConfiguration:
                 cassandra_host=['cassandra'],
                 cassandra_username=None,
                 cassandra_password=None,
-                keyspace='knowledge'
+                keyspace='knowledge',
+                replication_factor=1,
             )
 
 
@@ -425,5 +429,6 @@ class TestConfigurationPriorityIntegration:
                 cassandra_host=['param-host'],  # From parameter
                 cassandra_username='env-user',      # From environment
                 cassandra_password='env-pass',  # From environment
-                keyspace='knowledge'
+                keyspace='knowledge',
+                replication_factor=1,
             )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/trustgraph-base/trustgraph/base/cassandra_config.py b/trustgraph-base/trustgraph/base/cassandra_config.py
index 657277f6..78505c68 100644
--- a/trustgraph-base/trustgraph/base/cassandra_config.py
+++ b/trustgraph-base/trustgraph/base/cassandra_config.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def resolve_cassandra_config(
 def get_cassandra_config_from_params(
     params: dict,
     default_keyspace: Optional[str] = None
-) -> Tuple[List[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+) -> Tuple[List[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], int]:
     """
     Extract and resolve Cassandra configuration from a parameters dictionary.
 
@@ -160,14 +160,12 @@ def get_cassandra_config_from_params(
         default_keyspace: Optional default keyspace if not specified in params
 
     Returns:
-        tuple: (hosts_list, username, password, keyspace)
+        tuple: (hosts_list, username, password, keyspace, replication_factor)
     """
-    # Get Cassandra parameters
     host = params.get('cassandra_host')
     username = params.get('cassandra_username')
     password = params.get('cassandra_password')
 
-    # Use resolve function to handle defaults and list conversion
     return resolve_cassandra_config(
         host=host,
         username=username,
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/config/service/service.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/config/service/service.py
index fd911352..c5fac198 100644
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/config/service/service.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/config/service/service.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class Processor(AsyncProcessor):
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
         # Resolve configuration with environment variable fallback
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, replication_factor = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password,
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ class Processor(AsyncProcessor):
             username = self.cassandra_username,
             password = self.cassandra_password,
             keyspace = keyspace,
+            replication_factor = replication_factor,
             push = self.push
         )
 
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/cores/service.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/cores/service.py
index f3472b58..c84b536c 100755
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/cores/service.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/cores/service.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Processor(WorkspaceProcessor):
         cassandra_username = params.get("cassandra_username")
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, replication_factor = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password,
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class Processor(WorkspaceProcessor):
             cassandra_password = self.cassandra_password,
             keyspace = keyspace,
             flow_config = self,
+            replication_factor = replication_factor,
         )
 
         self.register_config_handler(self.on_knowledge_config, types=["flow"])
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/iam/service/service.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/iam/service/service.py
index 9e1fe707..8ce22757 100644
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/iam/service/service.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/iam/service/service.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class Processor(AsyncProcessor):
         cassandra_username = params.get("cassandra_username")
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, replication_factor = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password,
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ class Processor(AsyncProcessor):
             username=self.cassandra_username,
             password=self.cassandra_password,
             keyspace=keyspace,
+            replication_factor=replication_factor,
             bootstrap_mode=self.bootstrap_mode,
             bootstrap_token=self.bootstrap_token,
             on_workspace_created=self._ensure_workspace_registered,
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/librarian/service.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/librarian/service.py
index 705494fd..cc5efdae 100755
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/librarian/service.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/librarian/service.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class Processor(WorkspaceProcessor):
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
         # Resolve configuration with environment variable fallback
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, replication_factor = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password,
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ class Processor(WorkspaceProcessor):
             object_store_secret_key = object_store_secret_key,
             bucket_name = bucket_name,
             keyspace = keyspace,
+            replication_factor = replication_factor,
             load_document = self.load_document,
             object_store_use_ssl = object_store_use_ssl,
             object_store_region = object_store_region,
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/rows/cassandra/service.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/rows/cassandra/service.py
index cabdf617..73cfcd83 100644
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/rows/cassandra/service.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/rows/cassandra/service.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Processor(FlowProcessor):
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
         # Resolve configuration with environment variable fallback
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/triples/cassandra/service.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/triples/cassandra/service.py
index efce5968..a9bdbbac 100755
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/triples/cassandra/service.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/query/triples/cassandra/service.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class Processor(TriplesQueryService):
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
         # Resolve configuration with environment variable fallback
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/rows/cassandra/write.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/rows/cassandra/write.py
index acfe00d2..a5dad748 100755
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/rows/cassandra/write.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/rows/cassandra/write.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Processor(CollectionConfigHandler, FlowProcessor):
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
         # Resolve configuration with environment variable fallback
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password
diff --git a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/triples/cassandra/write.py b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/triples/cassandra/write.py
index 05331d09..0774153b 100755
--- a/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/triples/cassandra/write.py
+++ b/trustgraph-flow/trustgraph/storage/triples/cassandra/write.py
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class Processor(CollectionConfigHandler, TriplesStoreService):
         cassandra_password = params.get("cassandra_password")
 
         # Resolve configuration with environment variable fallback
-        hosts, username, password, keyspace = resolve_cassandra_config(
+        hosts, username, password, keyspace, _ = resolve_cassandra_config(
             host=cassandra_host,
             username=cassandra_username,
             password=cassandra_password