{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# NBC News Headlines: Exploring Hybrod FTS5 + Vector Search\n", "\n", "This notebooks explore a few different ways one could combine FTS5 and vector search results, when querying \n", "[FTS5](https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html) and\n", "[`sqlite-vec`](https://github.com/asg017/sqlite-vec) virtual table.\n", "\n", "This dataset is a small list of headines scraped from NBC News, found in the [`./1_scrape.ipynb`](./1_scrape.ipynb) notebook.\n", "To see how the `fts_articles` and `vec_articles` tables were created, see the [`./3_search.ipynb`](./3_search.ipynb) notebook." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "
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\n", "rowid\n", "\n", "headline\n", "\n", "rank\n", "
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6979\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mA timeline of Trump's many, many positions on abortion \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.6101462841033936\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7038\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mHow a network of abortion pill providers works together in the wake of new threats\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.6196886897087097\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6914\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m'Major hurdles': The reality check behind Biden's big abortion promise \u001b[0m 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\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mHow the Biden campaign quickly mobilized on Trump's abortion stance \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.633980393409729\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 5496\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mBattle over abortion heats up in Arizona — and could be on the 2024 ballot \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.6341449022293091\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m└\u001b[0m\u001b[0m────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m────────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┘\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m" ] }, "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ ".param set query planned parenthood\n", "\n", "select\n", " article_id,\n", " articles.headline,\n", " distance\n", "from vec_articles\n", "left join articles on articles.rowid = vec_articles.article_id\n", "where headline_embedding match lembed(:query)\n", " and k = 10;" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The `distance` column is the L2 distance between the query vector and the headline embedding. \n", "\n", "The rest of this notebook explore different ways of combining these FTS5 and vector search results. \n", "The core queries are similar, and only really different on different `JOIN` or `ORDER BY` techniques." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Combination Technique #1: Keyword-first\n", "\n", "In many search-engine cases, you may way to display keyword matches first, and supplement the rest wih with vector search results. \n", "This makes some intuitive sense — keyword matches are what uses expect, but you'll want to display more result if there are only a few matching documents. \n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "
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\n", "11822\n", "\n", "Iowa now bans most abortions after about 6 weeks\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "11822\n", "\n", "3\n", "\n", "0.512569785118103\n", "
\n", "7381\n", "\n", "Where abortion rights could be on the ballot this fall: From the Politics Desk\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "7381\n", "\n", "4\n", "\n", "0.5168291926383972\n", "
\n", "14009\n", "\n", "Trump signals openness to banning abortion pill\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "14009\n", "\n", "5\n", "\n", "0.5288293957710266\n", "
\n", "4426\n", "\n", "Medication abortions rose in year after Dobbs decision, report finds\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "4426\n", "\n", "6\n", "\n", "0.5305097699165344\n", "
\n", "4328\n", "\n", "Trump signals support for a national 15-week abortion ban\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "4328\n", "\n", "7\n", "\n", "0.532848060131073\n", "
\n", "6979\n", "\n", "A timeline of Trump's many, many positions on abortion\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "6979\n", "\n", "8\n", "\n", "0.533357560634613\n", "
\n", "2092\n", "\n", "For the first time in years, Sen. Graham hasn't introduced a national abortion ban\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "2092\n", "\n", "9\n", "\n", "0.5336830615997314\n", "
\n", "6794\n", "\n", "Trump's conflicting abortion stances are coming back to haunt him — and his party\n", "\n", "vec\n", "\n", "6794\n", "\n", "10\n", "\n", "0.5347095131874084\n", "
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Senate candidates pitch federal abortion bans even after voters protected reproductive rights\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfts \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2292\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m -9.7149595994016\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 452\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m64K women and girls became pregnant due to rape in states with abortion bans, study estimates \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfts \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 452\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 4\u001b[0m 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ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6989\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.4930749833583832\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m13928\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mAfter Dobbs decision, more women are managing their own abortions \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 13928\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.5120846629142761\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m11822\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mIowa now bans most abortions after about 6 weeks \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 11822\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.512569785118103\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7381\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mWhere abortion rights could be on the ballot this fall: From the Politics Desk \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7381\u001b[0m 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decision, report finds \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 4426\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.5305097699165344\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 4328\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mTrump signals support for a national 15-week abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 4328\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.532848060131073\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6979\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mA timeline of Trump's many, many positions on abortion \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6979\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 8\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.533357560634613\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2092\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mFor the first time in years, Sen. Graham hasn't introduced a national abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2092\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 9\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.5336830615997314\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6794\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mTrump's conflicting abortion stances are coming back to haunt him — and his party \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvec \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6794\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 10\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.5347095131874084\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m└\u001b[0m\u001b[0m───────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m─────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m─────────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┘\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m" ] }, "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ ".param set query abortion bans\n", ".param set k 10\n", "\n", "\n", "with fts_matches as (\n", " select\n", " rowid as article_id,\n", " row_number() over (order by rank) as rank_number,\n", " rank as score\n", " from fts_articles\n", " where headline match :query\n", " limit :k\n", "),\n", "vec_matches as (\n", " select\n", " article_id,\n", " row_number() over (order by distance) as rank_number,\n", " distance as score\n", " from vec_articles\n", " where\n", " headline_embedding match lembed(:query)\n", " and k = :k\n", " order by distance\n", "),\n", "combined as (\n", " select 'fts' as match_type, * from fts_matches\n", " union all\n", " select 'vec' as match_type, * from vec_matches\n", "),\n", "final as (\n", " select\n", " articles.id,\n", " articles.headline,\n", " combined.*\n", " from combined\n", " left join articles on articles.rowid = combined.article_id\n", ")\n", "select * from final;\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We do this with a verbose CTE: one step for the FTS5 query, another for the vector search, one to \"combine\" the results with a `UNION ALL`, and one last one to `LEFT JOIN` back to the base `articles` table to get the headline.\n", "\n", "Here we have 5 FTS results and 10 additional vector results. This seems pretty natural, a fallback to vector search when keywords matches lack a bit.\n", "\n", "One note: this example doesn't do any de-duplication, so you may get the same results twice. So you may want to add a `DISTINCT` or `GROUP BY` somehwere to handle that. " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Combination Technique #2: Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF)\n", "\n", "[Reciprocal Rank Fusion](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/search/hybrid-search-ranking) \n", "is another combination technique, where matches that are both FTS matches and vector matches\n", "are ranked higher than other. The CTE logic is a bit more involved, but can still be represented in a few steps:\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "
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\n", "5538\n", "\n", "Map: Where medication abortion is and isn’t legal\n", "\n", "10\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "0.014285714285714285\n", "\n", "0.5588464140892029\n", "\n", "\n", "
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national 15-week abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.03200204813108039\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.5334203839302063\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m -9.841645168493953\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 5769\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mMitch McConnell shies away from supporting national abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 8\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.030834914611005692\u001b[0m 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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m14009\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mTrump signals openness to banning abortion pill \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 0.015625\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.5364335179328918\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6375\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mArizona Republicans again quash effort to repeal 1864 abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m 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Katie Hobbs signs repeal of 1864 abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.015151515151515152\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m -9.841645168493953\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m13928\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mAfter Dobbs decision, more women are managing their own abortions \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.015151515151515152\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.5467031002044678\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 1821\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mDominican women fight child marriage, teen pregancy amid total abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.014925373134328358\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m -9.51616557526609\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2092\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mFor the first time in years, Sen. Graham hasn't introduced a national abortion ban\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.014925373134328358\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.5477523803710938\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 7150\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mTennessee court weighs challenge to abortion ban’s narrow medical exception \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 8\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m11822\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mIowa now bans most abortions after about 6 weeks \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 9\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.014492753623188406\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m0.5557170510292053\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 2646\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0mTrump campaign scrambles over abortion ban report as Democrats seize the moment \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m 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headline_embedding match lembed(:query)\n", " and k = :k\n", "),\n", "fts_matches as (\n", " select\n", " rowid,\n", " row_number() over (order by rank) as rank_number,\n", " rank as score\n", " from fts_articles\n", " where headline match :query\n", " limit :k\n", "),\n", "final as (\n", " select\n", " articles.id,\n", " articles.headline,\n", " vec_matches.rank_number as vec_rank,\n", " fts_matches.rank_number as fts_rank,\n", " coalesce(1.0 / (:rrf_k + fts_matches.rank_number), 0.0) * :weight_fts\n", " + coalesce(1.0 / (:rrf_k + vec_matches.rank_number), 0.0) * :weight_vec\n", " as combined_rank,\n", " vec_matches.distance as vec_distance,\n", " fts_matches.score as fts_score\n", " from fts_matches\n", " full outer join vec_matches on vec_matches.article_id = fts_matches.rowid\n", " join articles on articles.rowid = coalesce(fts_matches.rowid, vec_matches.article_id)\n", " order by combined_rank desc\n", ")\n", "select * from final;\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The first two CTE steps are identical to the \"keyword-first\" approach, just a normal FTS5 + vector KNN queries. \n", "\n", "The combination CTE step is more involved, and is described in detail in [this \"Hybrid Search\" Supabase docs page](https://supabase.com/docs/guides/ai/hybrid-search). \n", "What's nice about this approach is that you can configure the \"weights\" of FTS or vector results with a normal SQL parameter. \n", "\n", "In this query, we can see the top result `\"Trump signals support for a national 15-week abortion ban\"` was neither a top FTS result or vector result — only ranked `2` and `3` respectively. \n", "But since it appeared in both the FTS and vector results, it's ranked higher than others, same with `\"Mitch McConnell shies away from supporting national abortion ban\"`. The rest of the results are\n", "FTS + vector results interwoven together, pretty nice!" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Combination Technique #3: Re-rank by semantics\n", "\n", "Here we use FTS5 results are the \"source truth\", but we re-order them based on semantic similarity between " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 18, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "
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Katie Hobbs signs repeal of 1864 abortion ban \u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 9443\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m -9.841645168493953\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m│\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m└\u001b[0m\u001b[0m──────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m───────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m─────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┴\u001b[0m\u001b[0m─────────────────────\u001b[0m\u001b[0m┘\n", "\u001b[0m\u001b[0m" ] }, "execution_count": 18, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ ".param set query abortion ban\n", ".param set k 10\n", "\n", "\n", "with fts_matches as (\n", " select\n", " rowid,\n", " row_number() over (order by rank) as fts_rank_number,\n", " rank as score\n", " from fts_articles\n", " where headline match :query\n", " limit :k\n", "),\n", "final as (\n", " select\n", " articles.id,\n", " articles.headline,\n", " fts_matches.*\n", " from fts_matches\n", " left join articles on articles.rowid = fts_matches.rowid\n", " order by vec_distance_cosine(lembed(:query), lembed(articles.headline))\n", ")\n", "select * from final;\n", "\n" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Solite", "language": "sql", "name": "solite" }, "language_info": { "file_extension": ".sql", "mimetype": "text/x.sqlite", "name": "sql", "nb_converter": "script", "pygments_lexer": "sql", "version": "TODO" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 }