PARTITION KEY support (#122)

* initial pass at PARTITION KEY support. * unit tests * gha this PR branch * fixup tests * doc internal * fix tests, KNN/rowids in * define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET * whoops * update tests, syrupy, use uv * un ignore pyproject.toml * dot * tests/ * type error? * win: .exe, update error name * try fix macos python, paren around expr? * win bash? * dbg :( * explicit error * op * dbg win * win ./tests/.venv/Scripts/python.exe * block UPDATEs on partition key values for now
2026-04-25 00:36:56 +02:00 · 2024-11-20 00:02:04 -08:00 · 2024-11-20 00:02:04 -08:00 · 6658624172
commit 6658624172
parent ee3654701f
16 changed files with 1522 additions and 245 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main
+      - partition-by
 permissions:
  contents: read
 jobs:
@ -10,16 +11,92 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
        with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
+          enable-cache: true
      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
      - run: make loadable static
-      - run: pip install pytest numpy; make test-loadable
+      - run: uv sync --directory tests
+      - run: make test-loadable python=./tests/.venv/bin/python
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: sqlite-vec-linux-x86_64-extension
          path: dist/*
+  build-macos-x86_64-extension:
+    runs-on: macos-12
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+      - run: uv python install 3.12
+      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
+      - run: make loadable static
+      - run: uv sync --directory tests
+      - run: make test-loadable python=./tests/.venv/bin/python
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: sqlite-vec-macos-x86_64-extension
+          path: dist/*
+  build-macos-aarch64-extension:
+    runs-on: macos-14
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
+      - run: make loadable static
+      - run: uv sync --directory tests
+      - run: make test-loadable python=./tests/.venv/bin/python
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: sqlite-vec-macos-aarch64-extension
+          path: dist/*
+  build-windows-x86_64-extension:
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
+        shell: bash
+      - run: make sqlite-vec.h
+      - run: mkdir dist
+      - run: cl.exe /fPIC -shared /W4 /Ivendor/ /O2 /LD sqlite-vec.c -o dist/vec0.dll
+      - run: uv sync --directory tests
+      - run: make test-loadable python=./tests/.venv/Scripts/python.exe
+        shell: bash
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: sqlite-vec-windows-x86_64-extension
+          path: dist/*
+  build-linux-aarch64-extension:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: green-coding-solutions/eco-ci-energy-estimation@v4
+        with:
+          task: start-measurement
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          version: "latest"
+      - run: sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf
+      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
+      - run: make sqlite-vec.h
+      - run: make CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc loadable static
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: sqlite-vec-linux-aarch64-extension
+          path: dist/*
+      - uses: green-coding-solutions/eco-ci-energy-estimation@v4
+        with:
+          task: get-measurement
+          label: "all"
+      - uses: green-coding-solutions/eco-ci-energy-estimation@v4
+        with:
+          task: display-results
  build-android-extensions:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
@ -98,58 +175,6 @@ jobs:
        with:
          name: sqlite-vec-${{ matrix.platforms.name }}-extension
          path: dist/*
-  build-macos-x86_64-extension:
-    runs-on: macos-12
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
-      - run: make loadable static
-      - run: /usr/local/opt/python@3/libexec/bin/python -m pip install --break-system-packages pytest numpy; make test-loadable python=/usr/local/opt/python@3/libexec/bin/python
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: sqlite-vec-macos-x86_64-extension
-          path: dist/*
-  build-macos-aarch64-extension:
-    runs-on: macos-14
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
-      - run: make loadable static
-      - run: /opt/homebrew/opt/python3/libexec/bin/python -m pip install pytest numpy --break-system-packages; make test-loadable python=/opt/homebrew/opt/python3/libexec/bin/python
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: sqlite-vec-macos-aarch64-extension
-          path: dist/*
-  build-windows-x86_64-extension:
-    runs-on: windows-2019
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
-      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
-        shell: bash
-      - run: make sqlite-vec.h
-      - run: mkdir dist
-      - run: cl.exe /fPIC -shared /W4 /Ivendor/ /O2 /LD sqlite-vec.c -o dist/vec0.dll
-      - run: pip install pytest numpy; make test-loadable
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: sqlite-vec-windows-x86_64-extension
-          path: dist/*
-  build-linux-aarch64-extension:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - run: sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf
-      - run: ./scripts/vendor.sh
-      - run: make sqlite-vec.h
-      - run: make CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc loadable static
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: sqlite-vec-linux-aarch64-extension
-          path: dist/*
  build-wasm32-emscripten:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -26,4 +26,3 @@ sqlite-vec.h
 tmp/

 poetry.lock
-pyproject.toml
--- a/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/ARCHITECTURE.md
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+## `vec0`
+
+### idxStr
+
+The `vec0` idxStr is a string composed of single "header" character and 0 or
+more "blocks" of 4 characters each.
+
+The "header" charcter denotes the type of query plan, as determined by the
+`enum vec0_query_plan` values. The current possible values are:
+
+| Name                       | Value | Description                                                            |
+| -------------------------- | ----- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `VEC0_QUERY_PLAN_FULLSCAN` | `'1'` | Perform a full-scan on all rows                                        |
+| `VEC0_QUERY_PLAN_POINT`    | `'2'` | Perform a single-lookup point query for the provided rowid             |
+| `VEC0_QUERY_PLAN_KNN`      | `'3'` | Perform a KNN-style query on the provided query vector and parameters. |
+
+Each 4-character "block" is associated with a corresponding value in `argv[]`. For example, the 1st block at byte offset `1-4` (inclusive) is the 1st block and is associated with `argv[1]`. The 2nd block at byte offset `5-8` (inclusive) is associated with `argv[2]` and so on. Each block describes what kind of value or filter the given `argv[i]` value is.
+
+
+#### `VEC0_IDXSTR_KIND_KNN_MATCH` (`'{'`)
+
+`argv[i]` is the query vector of the KNN query.
+
+The remaining 3 characters of the block are `_` fillers.
+
+#### `VEC0_IDXSTR_KIND_KNN_K` (`'}'`)
+
+`argv[i]` is the limit/k value of the KNN query.
+
+The remaining 3 characters of the block are `_` fillers.
+
+#### `VEC0_IDXSTR_KIND_KNN_ROWID_IN` (`'['`)
+
+`argv[i]` is the optional `rowid in (...)` value, and must be handled with [`sqlite3_vtab_in_first()` /
+`sqlite3_vtab_in_next()`](https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/vtab_in_first.html).
+
+The remaining 3 characters of the block are `_` fillers.
+
+#### `VEC0_IDXSTR_KIND_KNN_PARTITON_CONSTRAINT` (`']'`)
+
+`argv[i]` is a "constraint" on a specific partition key.
+
+The second character of the block denotes which partition key to filter on, using `A` to denote the first partition key column, `B` for the second, etc. It is encoded with `'A' + partition_idx` and can be decoded with `c - 'A'`.
+
+The third character of the block denotes which operator is used in the constraint. It will be one of the values of `enum vec0_partition_operator`, as only a subset of operations are supported on partition keys.
+
+The fourth character of the block is a `_` filler.
+
+
+#### `VEC0_IDXSTR_KIND_POINT_ID` (`'!'`)
+
+`argv[i]` is the value of the rowid or id to match against for the point query.
+
+The remaining 3 characters of the block are `_` fillers.
--- a/7
+++ b/7
@ -185,13 +185,16 @@ publish-release:

 # -k test_vec0_update
 test-loadable: loadable
-	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -vv -s -x tests/test-loadable.py
+	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -vv -s -x tests/test-*.py

 test-loadable-snapshot-update: loadable
 	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -vv tests/test-loadable.py --snapshot-update

 test-loadable-watch:
-	watchexec -w sqlite-vec.c -w tests/test-loadable.py -w Makefile --clear -- make test-loadable
+	watchexec --exts c,py,Makefile --clear -- make test-loadable
+
+test-unit:
+	$(CC) tests/test-unit.c sqlite-vec.c -I./ -Ivendor -o $(prefix)/test-unit && $(prefix)/test-unit

 site-dev:
 	npm --prefix site run dev
--- a/5
+++ b/5
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# partition
+
+- [ ] UPDATE on partition key values
+  - remove previous row from chunk, insert into new one?
+- [ ] properly sqlite3_vtab_nochange / sqlite3_value_nochange handling
--- a/sqlite-vec.c
+++ b/sqlite-vec.c
--- a/test.sql
+++ b/test.sql
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+.load dist/vec0
+.echo on
+.bail on
+
+.mode qbox
+
+create virtual table v using vec0(a float[1]);
+select count(*) from v_chunks;
+insert into v(a) values ('[1.11]');
+select * from v;
+drop table v;
+
+create virtual table v using vec0(
+
+  v_aaa float[1],
+  partk_xxx int partition key,
+  v_bbb float[2],
+  partk_yyy text partition key,
+  chunk_size=32
+);
+
+
+insert into v(rowid, v_aaa, partk_xxx, v_bbb, partk_yyy) values
+  (1, '[.1]', 999, '[.11, .11]', 'alex'),
+  (2, '[.2]', 999, '[.22, .22]', 'alex'),
+  (3, '[.3]', 999, '[.33, .33]', 'brian');
+
+
+select rowid, vec_to_json(v_aaa), partk_xxx, vec_to_json(v_bbb), partk_yyy from v;
+
+select * from v;
+select * from v where rowid = 2;
+update v
+set v_aaa = '[.222]',
+  v_bbb = '[.222, .222]'
+where rowid = 2;
+
+select rowid, vec_to_json(v_aaa), partk_xxx, vec_to_json(v_bbb), partk_yyy from v;
+
+select chunk_id, size, sequence_id, partition00, partition01, (validity), length(rowids) from v_chunks;
+
+--explain query plan
+select *, distance
+from v
+where v_aaa match '[.5]'
+  and partk_xxx = 999
+  and partk_yyy = 'alex'
+  --and partk_xxx != 20
+  and k = 5;
--- a/tests/.python-version
+++ b/tests/.python-version
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.12
--- a/tests/snapshots/test-partition-keys.ambr
+++ b/tests/snapshots/test-partition-keys.ambr
@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+# serializer version: 1
+# name: test_constructor_limit[max 4 partition keys]
+  dict({
+    'error': 'OperationalError',
+    'message': 'vec0 constructor error: More than 4 partition key columns were provided',
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_normal[1 row]
+  dict({
+    'v_chunks': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_chunks',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'size': 8,
+          'sequence_id': None,
+          'partition00': 100,
+          'validity': b'\x01',
+          'rowids': b'\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_rowids': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_rowids',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'chunk_offset': 0,
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_vector_chunks00': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_vector_chunks00',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'vectors': b'\x11"3D\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_normal[2 rows, same parition]
+  dict({
+    'v_chunks': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_chunks',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'size': 8,
+          'sequence_id': None,
+          'partition00': 100,
+          'validity': b'\x03',
+          'rowids': b'\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_rowids': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_rowids',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'chunk_offset': 0,
+        }),
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 2,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'chunk_offset': 1,
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_vector_chunks00': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_vector_chunks00',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'vectors': b'\x11"3DDUfw\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_normal[3 rows, 2 partitions]
+  dict({
+    'v_chunks': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_chunks',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'size': 8,
+          'sequence_id': None,
+          'partition00': 100,
+          'validity': b'\x03',
+          'rowids': b'\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+        OrderedDict({
+          'chunk_id': 2,
+          'size': 8,
+          'sequence_id': None,
+          'partition00': 200,
+          'validity': b'\x01',
+          'rowids': b'\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_rowids': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_rowids',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'chunk_offset': 0,
+        }),
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 2,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'chunk_offset': 1,
+        }),
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 3,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 2,
+          'chunk_offset': 0,
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_vector_chunks00': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_vector_chunks00',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'vectors': b'\x11"3DDUfw\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 2,
+          'vectors': b'\x88\x99\xaa\xbb\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_types[1. raises type error]
+  dict({
+    'error': 'OperationalError',
+    'message': 'Parition key type mismatch: The partition key column p1 has type INTEGER, but TEXT was provided.',
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_types[2. empty DB]
+  dict({
+    'v_chunks': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_chunks',
+      'rows': list([
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_rowids': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_rowids',
+      'rows': list([
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_vector_chunks00': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_vector_chunks00',
+      'rows': list([
+      ]),
+    }),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_types[3. allow nulls]
+  OrderedDict({
+    'sql': 'insert into v(p1, a) values(?, ?)',
+    'rows': list([
+    ]),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_types[4. show NULL partition key]
+  dict({
+    'v_chunks': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_chunks',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'size': 8,
+          'sequence_id': None,
+          'partition00': None,
+          'validity': b'\x01',
+          'rowids': b'\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_rowids': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_rowids',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'id': None,
+          'chunk_id': 1,
+          'chunk_offset': 0,
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+    'v_vector_chunks00': OrderedDict({
+      'sql': 'select * from v_vector_chunks00',
+      'rows': list([
+        OrderedDict({
+          'rowid': 1,
+          'vectors': b'\x11"3D\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    }),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_updates[1. Initial dataset]
+  OrderedDict({
+    'sql': 'select * from v',
+    'rows': list([
+      OrderedDict({
+        'rowid': 1,
+        'p': 'a',
+        'a': b'\x11\x11\x11\x11',
+      }),
+      OrderedDict({
+        'rowid': 2,
+        'p': 'a',
+        'a': b'""""',
+      }),
+      OrderedDict({
+        'rowid': 3,
+        'p': 'a',
+        'a': b'3333',
+      }),
+    ]),
+  })
+# ---
+# name: test_updates[2. update #1]
+  dict({
+    'error': 'OperationalError',
+    'message': 'UPDATE on partition key columns are not supported yet. ',
+  })
+# ---
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import pytest
+import sqlite3
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def db():
+    db = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
+    db.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+    db.enable_load_extension(True)
+    db.load_extension("dist/vec0")
+    db.enable_load_extension(False)
+    return db
--- a/tests/pyproject.toml
+++ b/tests/pyproject.toml
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[project]
+name = "tests"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Add your description here"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.12"
+dependencies = [
+  "pytest", "numpy", "syrupy"
+]
--- a/tests/skip.test-correctness.py
+++ b/tests/skip.test-correctness.py
--- a/tests/test-loadable.py
+++ b/tests/test-loadable.py
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def connect(ext, path=":memory:", extra_entrypoint=None):
 db = connect(EXT_PATH)


-def explain_query_plan(sql):
+def explain_query_plan(sql, db=db):
    return db.execute("explain query plan " + sql).fetchone()["detail"]


@ -1497,6 +1497,13 @@ def test_vec0_text_pk():
    ]

    if SUPPORTS_VTAB_IN:
+        assert re.match(
+            ("SCAN (TABLE )?t VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:3{___}___\[___"),
+            explain_query_plan(
+                "select t_id, distance from t where aaa match '' and k = 3 and t_id in ('t_2', 't_3')",
+                db=db,
+            ),
+        )
        assert execute_all(
            db,
            "select t_id, distance from t where aaa match ? and k = 3 and t_id in ('t_2', 't_3')",
@ -1939,20 +1946,6 @@ def test_vec0_create_errors():
        db.execute("create virtual table t1 using vec0(a float[1])")
    db.set_authorizer(None)

-    db.set_authorizer(authorizer_deny_on(sqlite3.SQLITE_INSERT, "t1_chunks"))
-    with _raises(
-        "Could not create create an initial chunk",
-    ):
-        db.execute("create virtual table t1 using vec0(a float[1])")
-    db.set_authorizer(None)
-
-    db.set_authorizer(authorizer_deny_on(sqlite3.SQLITE_INSERT, "t1_vector_chunks00"))
-    with _raises(
-        "Could not create create an initial chunk",
-    ):
-        db.execute("create virtual table t1 using vec0(a float[1])")
-    db.set_authorizer(None)
-
    # EVIDENCE-OF: V21406_05476 vec0 init raises error on 'latest chunk' init error
    db.execute("BEGIN")
    db.set_authorizer(authorizer_deny_on(sqlite3.SQLITE_READ, "t1_chunks", ""))
@ -2231,32 +2224,34 @@ def test_smoke():
        },
    ]
    chunk = db.execute("select * from vec_xyz_chunks").fetchone()
-    assert chunk["chunk_id"] == 1
-    assert chunk["validity"] == bytearray(int(1024 / 8))
-    assert chunk["rowids"] == bytearray(int(1024 * 8))
-    vchunk = db.execute("select * from vec_xyz_vector_chunks00").fetchone()
-    assert vchunk["rowid"] == 1
-    assert vchunk["vectors"] == bytearray(int(1024 * 4 * 2))
+    # as of TODO, no initial row is inside the chunks table
+    assert chunk is None
+    # assert chunk["chunk_id"] == 1
+    # assert chunk["validity"] == bytearray(int(1024 / 8))
+    # assert chunk["rowids"] == bytearray(int(1024 * 8))
+    # vchunk = db.execute("select * from vec_xyz_vector_chunks00").fetchone()
+    # assert vchunk["rowid"] == 1
+    # assert vchunk["vectors"] == bytearray(int(1024 * 4 * 2))

    assert re.match(
-        "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:knn:",
+        "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:3{___}___",
        explain_query_plan(
            "select * from vec_xyz where a match X'' and k = 10 order by distance"
        ),
    )
    if SUPPORTS_VTAB_LIMIT:
        assert re.match(
-            "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:knn:",
+            "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:3{___}___",
            explain_query_plan(
                "select * from vec_xyz where a match X'' order by distance limit 10"
            ),
        )
    assert re.match(
-        "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:fullscan",
+        "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:1",
        explain_query_plan("select * from vec_xyz"),
    )
    assert re.match(
-        "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 3:point",
+        "SCAN (TABLE )?vec_xyz VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 3:2",
        explain_query_plan("select * from vec_xyz where rowid = 4"),
    )

--- a/tests/test-partition-keys.py
+++ b/tests/test-partition-keys.py
@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import sqlite3
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+
+def test_constructor_limit(db, snapshot):
+    assert exec(
+        db,
+        """
+        create virtual table v using vec0(
+          p1 int partition key,
+          p2 int partition key,
+          p3 int partition key,
+          p4 int partition key,
+          p5 int partition key,
+          v float[1]
+        )
+      """,
+    ) == snapshot(name="max 4 partition keys")
+
+
+def test_normal(db, snapshot):
+    db.execute(
+        "create virtual table v using vec0(p1 int partition key, a float[1], chunk_size=8)"
+    )
+
+    db.execute("insert into v(rowid, p1, a) values (1, 100, X'11223344')")
+    assert vec0_shadow_table_contents(db, "v") == snapshot(name="1 row")
+    db.execute("insert into v(rowid, p1, a) values (2, 100, X'44556677')")
+    assert vec0_shadow_table_contents(db, "v") == snapshot(name="2 rows, same parition")
+    db.execute("insert into v(rowid, p1, a) values (3, 200, X'8899aabb')")
+    assert vec0_shadow_table_contents(db, "v") == snapshot(name="3 rows, 2 partitions")
+
+
+def test_types(db, snapshot):
+    db.execute(
+        "create virtual table v using vec0(p1 int partition key, a float[1], chunk_size=8)"
+    )
+
+    # EVIDENCE-OF: V11454_28292
+    assert exec(
+        db, "insert into v(p1, a) values(?, ?)", ["not int", b"\x11\x22\x33\x44"]
+    ) == snapshot(name="1. raises type error")
+
+    assert vec0_shadow_table_contents(db, "v") == snapshot(name="2. empty DB")
+
+    # but allow NULLs
+    assert exec(
+        db, "insert into v(p1, a) values(?, ?)", [None, b"\x11\x22\x33\x44"]
+    ) == snapshot(name="3. allow nulls")
+
+    assert vec0_shadow_table_contents(db, "v") == snapshot(
+        name="4. show NULL partition key"
+    )
+
+
+def test_updates(db, snapshot):
+    db.execute(
+        "create virtual table v using vec0(p text partition key, a float[1], chunk_size=8)"
+    )
+
+    db.execute(
+        "insert into v(rowid, p, a) values (?, ?, ?)", [1, "a", b"\x11\x11\x11\x11"]
+    )
+    db.execute(
+        "insert into v(rowid, p, a) values (?, ?, ?)", [2, "a", b"\x22\x22\x22\x22"]
+    )
+    db.execute(
+        "insert into v(rowid, p, a) values (?, ?, ?)", [3, "a", b"\x33\x33\x33\x33"]
+    )
+
+    assert exec(db, "select * from v") == snapshot(name="1. Initial dataset")
+    assert exec(db, "update v set p = ? where rowid = ?", ["new", 1]) == snapshot(
+        name="2. update #1"
+    )
+
+
+class Row:
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr()
+
+
+def exec(db, sql, parameters=[]):
+    try:
+        rows = db.execute(sql, parameters).fetchall()
+    except (sqlite3.OperationalError, sqlite3.DatabaseError) as e:
+        return {
+            "error": e.__class__.__name__,
+            "message": str(e),
+        }
+    a = []
+    for row in rows:
+        o = OrderedDict()
+        for k in row.keys():
+            o[k] = row[k]
+        a.append(o)
+    result = OrderedDict()
+    result["sql"] = sql
+    result["rows"] = a
+    return result
+
+
+def vec0_shadow_table_contents(db, v):
+    shadow_tables = [
+        row[0]
+        for row in db.execute(
+            "select name from sqlite_master where name like ? order by 1", [f"{v}_%"]
+        ).fetchall()
+    ]
+    o = {}
+    for shadow_table in shadow_tables:
+        o[shadow_table] = exec(db, f"select * from {shadow_table}")
+    return o
--- a/tests/test-unit.c
+++ b/tests/test-unit.c
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "../sqlite-vec.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define countof(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+void test_vec0_parse_partition_key_definition() {
+  printf("Starting %s...\n", __func__);
+  typedef struct {
+    char * test;
+    int expected_rc;
+    const char *expected_column_name;
+    int expected_column_type;
+  } TestCase;
+
+  TestCase suite[] = {
+    {"user_id integer partition key", SQLITE_OK, "user_id", SQLITE_INTEGER},
+    {"USER_id int partition key", SQLITE_OK, "USER_id", SQLITE_INTEGER},
+    {"category text partition key", SQLITE_OK, "category", SQLITE_TEXT},
+
+    {"", SQLITE_EMPTY, "", 0},
+    {"document_id text primary key", SQLITE_EMPTY, "", 0},
+    {"document_id text partition keyy", SQLITE_EMPTY, "", 0},
+  };
+  for(int i = 0; i < countof(suite); i++) {
+    char * out_column_name;
+    int out_column_name_length;
+    int out_column_type;
+    int rc;
+    rc = vec0_parse_partition_key_definition(
+      suite[i].test,
+      strlen(suite[i].test),
+      &out_column_name,
+      &out_column_name_length,
+      &out_column_type
+    );
+    printf("2\n");
+    assert(rc == suite[i].expected_rc);
+
+    if(rc == SQLITE_OK) {
+      assert(out_column_name_length == strlen(suite[i].expected_column_name));
+      assert(strncmp(out_column_name, suite[i].expected_column_name, out_column_name_length) == 0);
+      assert(out_column_type == suite[i].expected_column_type);
+    }
+
+    printf("✅ %s\n", suite[i].test);
+  }
+}
+
+int main() {
+  printf("Starting unit tests...\n");
+  test_vec0_parse_partition_key_definition();
+}
--- a/tests/uv.lock
+++ b/tests/uv.lock
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+version = 1
+requires-python = ">=3.12"
+
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