nyx/src/dynamic/sandbox/process_macos.rs

456 lines
19 KiB
Rust

//! Phase 18 (Track E.2) — macOS process backend hardening.
//!
//! macOS analogue of [`super::process_linux`]. Where the Linux backend
//! installs a `pre_exec` sequence (prctl + rlimits + unshare + chroot +
//! seccomp-bpf), the macOS backend wraps the harness command with
//! `sandbox-exec(1)` driven by a per-capability `.sb` policy file.
//!
//! Profile selection
//! -----------------
//! [`profile_for_caps`] maps the [`SandboxOptions::seccomp_caps`] bitset
//! (set by the verifier from `spec.expected_cap`) to a profile name in
//! `src/dynamic/sandbox_profiles/`:
//!
//! | Cap bit | Profile |
//! | ---------------- | ---------------- |
//! | `FILE_IO` | `path_traversal` |
//! | `SSRF` | `ssrf` |
//! | `CODE_EXEC` | `cmdi` |
//! | `DESERIALIZE` | `deserialize` |
//! | everything else | `base` |
//!
//! Profiles are baked into the binary via `include_str!` and materialised
//! into a per-process tempdir on first use so `sandbox-exec -f` can read
//! them.
//!
//! Fallback
//! --------
//! `sandbox-exec` is shipped on every supported macOS release but the
//! binary path can be missing in stripped CI images. When
//! [`sandbox_exec_available`] returns `false`, the wrapper is a no-op
//! and [`wrap_plan`] tags the run as [`HardeningLevel::Trusted`] on the
//! returned [`WrapResult`] — the verifier reads this back via
//! `VerifyOptions::refuse_filesystem_confirm` and downgrades filesystem-
//! oracle verdicts to
//! [`crate::evidence::InconclusiveReason::BackendInsufficient`].
//!
//! Tests
//! -----
//! See `tests/sandbox_hardening_macos.rs` for the per-primitive
//! acceptance suite; `cfg(target_os = "macos")` gates every test so the
//! Linux CI row sees only the skip placeholder.
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock};
// ── HardeningOutcome flow ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//
// Phase 18 originally recorded the outcome to a process-global
// `LAST_OUTCOME` singleton. Phase 17/18 sweep dropped that singleton
// because `verify_finding` runs under `rayon::par_iter` in `scan.rs`, so
// concurrent wraps would overwrite each other. [`wrap_plan`] now
// returns the outcome via [`WrapResult`] and `run_process` stashes it on
// the returned `SandboxOutcome`.
// ── HardeningLevel reporting ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
/// Coarse summary of the macOS sandbox-exec wrap outcome.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum HardeningLevel {
/// `sandbox-exec` was unavailable on the host — the harness ran
/// unconfined. The verifier translates this into
/// `refuse_filesystem_confirm = true` so filesystem-escape oracles
/// degrade to `Inconclusive(BackendInsufficient)` rather than
/// silently returning `Confirmed` against an unhardened backend.
Trusted,
/// The harness was wrapped with `sandbox-exec -f <profile>` and the
/// profile selected matched [`profile_for_caps`].
Sandboxed,
/// `sandbox-exec` was available but the spawn returned a non-zero
/// status before the harness could run. Same downgrade as
/// [`HardeningLevel::Trusted`] from the verifier's point of view.
Failed,
}
/// Per-run summary returned by [`wrap_plan`]. Threaded back to the
/// caller through [`WrapResult`] so `run_process` can stash it on the
/// [`crate::dynamic::sandbox::SandboxOutcome`] for the run.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct HardeningOutcome {
pub level: HardeningLevel,
/// Name of the matched profile (e.g. `"path_traversal"`). Empty
/// string when [`HardeningLevel::Trusted`].
pub profile: String,
}
// ── sandbox-exec availability + binary path ──────────────────────────────────
/// Env override consulted by [`sandbox_exec_bin`]; tests set this to
/// `"/nonexistent/sandbox-exec"` to force the unavailable branch.
pub const SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV: &str = "NYX_SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN";
/// Resolve the `sandbox-exec` binary path. Honours
/// [`SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV`] so tests can simulate a missing binary
/// without touching `/usr/bin/sandbox-exec`.
pub fn sandbox_exec_bin() -> PathBuf {
if let Ok(p) = std::env::var(SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV) {
return PathBuf::from(p);
}
PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/sandbox-exec")
}
/// `true` when [`sandbox_exec_bin`] points at an executable regular
/// file. Result is *not* cached across calls so the
/// [`SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV`] override can be flipped per-test.
pub fn sandbox_exec_available() -> bool {
let bin = sandbox_exec_bin();
match std::fs::metadata(&bin) {
Ok(m) => m.is_file(),
Err(_) => false,
}
}
// ── Profile selection + materialisation ──────────────────────────────────────
/// Baked-in `.sb` source. Each entry is the contents of one file under
/// `src/dynamic/sandbox_profiles/`; the runtime materialises them into a
/// per-process tempdir on first use.
const PROFILE_SOURCES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
("base", include_str!("../sandbox_profiles/base.sb")),
("cmdi", include_str!("../sandbox_profiles/cmdi.sb")),
(
"path_traversal",
include_str!("../sandbox_profiles/path_traversal.sb"),
),
("ssrf", include_str!("../sandbox_profiles/ssrf.sb")),
("deserialize", include_str!("../sandbox_profiles/deserialize.sb")),
];
/// Cap → profile-name dispatch. The most restrictive matching profile
/// wins: filesystem caps outrank network caps outrank CODE_EXEC outranks
/// DESERIALIZE. Filesystem-shaped caps (`FILE_IO`, `SQL_QUERY` — DBs are
/// files in WORKDIR) map to `path_traversal`; outbound-network-shaped caps
/// (`SSRF`, `HEADER_INJECTION`, `OPEN_REDIRECT`, `UNVALIDATED_REDIRECT`,
/// `LDAP_INJECTION`, `XPATH_INJECTION`) map to `ssrf` since they share the
/// "outbound allowed; host secrets denied" shape. Caps with no shared
/// shape (CRYPTO, AUTH, RACE, MEMORY_SAFETY, XSS, XXE) fall back to `base`
/// — XXE in particular would want a network-deny profile for entity
/// resolution, which the bundled `.sb` set does not yet ship.
pub fn profile_for_caps(caps: u32) -> &'static str {
// Mirror the bit positions declared in `src/labels/mod.rs`.
const FILE_IO: u32 = 1 << 5;
const SQL_QUERY: u32 = 1 << 7;
const DESERIALIZE: u32 = 1 << 8;
const SSRF: u32 = 1 << 9;
const CODE_EXEC: u32 = 1 << 10;
const LDAP_INJECTION: u32 = 1 << 14;
const XPATH_INJECTION: u32 = 1 << 15;
const HEADER_INJECTION: u32 = 1 << 16;
const OPEN_REDIRECT: u32 = 1 << 17;
const UNVALIDATED_REDIRECT: u32 = 1 << 18;
const FS_SHAPED: u32 = FILE_IO | SQL_QUERY;
const NET_SHAPED: u32 =
SSRF | LDAP_INJECTION | XPATH_INJECTION | HEADER_INJECTION | OPEN_REDIRECT | UNVALIDATED_REDIRECT;
if caps & FS_SHAPED != 0 {
"path_traversal"
} else if caps & NET_SHAPED != 0 {
"ssrf"
} else if caps & CODE_EXEC != 0 {
"cmdi"
} else if caps & DESERIALIZE != 0 {
"deserialize"
} else {
"base"
}
}
/// Lazy materialised tempdir holding the `.sb` files unpacked from the
/// binary. Survives for the lifetime of the process — the system's
/// `tmp` reaper sweeps the dir on next boot.
static PROFILE_DIR: OnceLock<Option<PathBuf>> = OnceLock::new();
static PROFILE_PATHS: OnceLock<Mutex<BTreeMap<&'static str, PathBuf>>> = OnceLock::new();
fn profile_dir() -> Option<&'static Path> {
PROFILE_DIR
.get_or_init(|| {
let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join("nyx-sandbox-profiles");
std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).ok()?;
Some(dir)
})
.as_deref()
}
fn profile_paths() -> &'static Mutex<BTreeMap<&'static str, PathBuf>> {
PROFILE_PATHS.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new()))
}
/// Return the absolute path of the named profile, writing the
/// `include_str!`-baked source to the per-process tempdir on first
/// access. Returns `None` when the profile name is unknown or the
/// tempdir could not be created / written.
pub fn profile_path(name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
// Resolve the static source first so we hold a `&'static str` key.
let (key, source) = PROFILE_SOURCES.iter().find(|(k, _)| *k == name)?;
{
let cache = profile_paths().lock().ok()?;
if let Some(p) = cache.get(key) {
return Some(p.clone());
}
}
let dir = profile_dir()?;
let path = dir.join(format!("{key}.sb"));
if !path.exists() {
std::fs::write(&path, source).ok()?;
}
let mut cache = profile_paths().lock().ok()?;
cache.insert(*key, path.clone());
Some(path)
}
// ── Command wrapping ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
/// Inputs to [`wrap_plan`] — the original harness command split into
/// resolved-path + argv-tail form. The caller is expected to have
/// already resolved `cmd_path` via `find_in_host_path` so the wrapped
/// `sandbox-exec` invocation receives an absolute target binary.
pub struct WrapInput<'a> {
pub cmd_path: &'a Path,
pub cmd_args: &'a [String],
pub workdir: &'a Path,
pub caps: u32,
pub profile_override: Option<&'a str>,
}
/// Outputs of [`wrap_plan`] when sandbox-exec wrapping is in effect.
/// `binary` is the `sandbox-exec` path (or the env-override) and `args`
/// is the full argv (excluding `argv[0]`).
pub struct WrapPlan {
pub binary: PathBuf,
pub args: Vec<String>,
pub profile: &'static str,
}
/// Result of [`wrap_plan`]. Always carries a [`HardeningOutcome`] so
/// the caller can stash it on the `SandboxOutcome` even when wrapping
/// itself was a no-op (`plan = None` + `outcome.level = Trusted`).
pub struct WrapResult {
/// Wrap plan when `sandbox-exec` was applied; `None` when the
/// harness should run unwrapped. The verifier's
/// `refuse_filesystem_confirm` flag keeps the verdict honest in the
/// `None` case.
pub plan: Option<WrapPlan>,
pub outcome: HardeningOutcome,
}
/// Build the `sandbox-exec -f <profile> -D WORKDIR=<workdir> -- <cmd>`
/// argv for `cmd_path + cmd_args`. The returned [`WrapResult`]
/// `plan` is `None` when:
///
/// - `sandbox-exec` is not on the host (`outcome.level = Trusted`),
/// - the profile name is unknown (`outcome.level = Trusted`), or
/// - the profile file could not be materialised in `/tmp`
/// (`outcome.level = Failed`).
pub fn wrap_plan(input: &WrapInput<'_>) -> WrapResult {
if !sandbox_exec_available() {
return WrapResult {
plan: None,
outcome: HardeningOutcome {
level: HardeningLevel::Trusted,
profile: String::new(),
},
};
}
let profile = input.profile_override.unwrap_or_else(|| profile_for_caps(input.caps));
// Profile keys must be `&'static str` (from `PROFILE_SOURCES`); reject
// unknown overrides up-front so we don't accidentally wrap with a
// profile we have no source for.
let resolved_key = PROFILE_SOURCES
.iter()
.find(|(k, _)| *k == profile)
.map(|(k, _)| *k);
let resolved_key = match resolved_key {
Some(k) => k,
None => {
return WrapResult {
plan: None,
outcome: HardeningOutcome {
level: HardeningLevel::Trusted,
profile: String::new(),
},
};
}
};
let profile_file = match profile_path(resolved_key) {
Some(p) => p,
None => {
return WrapResult {
plan: None,
outcome: HardeningOutcome {
level: HardeningLevel::Failed,
profile: resolved_key.to_owned(),
},
};
}
};
let workdir_abs = std::fs::canonicalize(input.workdir).unwrap_or_else(|_| input.workdir.to_path_buf());
let mut args: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(6 + input.cmd_args.len());
args.push("-f".to_owned());
args.push(profile_file.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
args.push("-D".to_owned());
args.push(format!("WORKDIR={}", workdir_abs.to_string_lossy()));
args.push(input.cmd_path.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
for a in input.cmd_args {
args.push(a.clone());
}
WrapResult {
plan: Some(WrapPlan {
binary: sandbox_exec_bin(),
args,
profile: resolved_key,
}),
outcome: HardeningOutcome {
level: HardeningLevel::Sandboxed,
profile: resolved_key.to_owned(),
},
}
}
// ── Tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn profile_for_caps_prefers_file_io() {
const FILE_IO: u32 = 1 << 5;
const SSRF: u32 = 1 << 9;
const CODE_EXEC: u32 = 1 << 10;
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(FILE_IO), "path_traversal");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(FILE_IO | SSRF), "path_traversal");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(SSRF | CODE_EXEC), "ssrf");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(CODE_EXEC), "cmdi");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(0), "base");
}
#[test]
fn profile_for_caps_routes_filesystem_shaped_caps_to_path_traversal() {
// SQL_QUERY shares the `file-write into WORKDIR / file-read of
// host secrets denied` shape with FILE_IO (SQLite DBs live as
// files in the workdir), so it routes to the same profile.
const SQL_QUERY: u32 = 1 << 7;
const CODE_EXEC: u32 = 1 << 10;
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(SQL_QUERY), "path_traversal");
// Filesystem shape outranks the lesser-restrictive cmdi profile.
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(SQL_QUERY | CODE_EXEC), "path_traversal");
}
#[test]
fn profile_for_caps_routes_outbound_network_caps_to_ssrf() {
// Outbound HTTP request sinks (HEADER_INJECTION / OPEN_REDIRECT /
// UNVALIDATED_REDIRECT) and other network-traffic injection caps
// (LDAP_INJECTION / XPATH_INJECTION) all share the SSRF shape:
// outbound allowed, host-secret reads denied.
const LDAP_INJECTION: u32 = 1 << 14;
const XPATH_INJECTION: u32 = 1 << 15;
const HEADER_INJECTION: u32 = 1 << 16;
const OPEN_REDIRECT: u32 = 1 << 17;
const UNVALIDATED_REDIRECT: u32 = 1 << 18;
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(LDAP_INJECTION), "ssrf");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(XPATH_INJECTION), "ssrf");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(HEADER_INJECTION), "ssrf");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(OPEN_REDIRECT), "ssrf");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(UNVALIDATED_REDIRECT), "ssrf");
}
#[test]
fn profile_for_caps_falls_back_to_base_for_unmapped_caps() {
// CRYPTO / AUTH / RACE / MEMORY_SAFETY / XSS / XXE do not yet
// have a cap-specific .sb profile. XXE in particular would want
// a network-deny profile (entity resolution), but the bundled .sb
// set does not ship one — track in deferred.md.
const CRYPTO: u32 = 1 << 11;
const XXE: u32 = 1 << 19;
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(CRYPTO), "base");
assert_eq!(profile_for_caps(XXE), "base");
}
#[test]
fn profile_path_materialises_baked_source() {
let path = profile_path("base").expect("base profile");
let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).expect("read .sb");
assert!(contents.contains("(version 1)"));
assert!(contents.contains("/etc/passwd"));
// The path_traversal profile substitutes WORKDIR at spawn time,
// so its baked source contains the param reference.
let trav = profile_path("path_traversal").expect("path_traversal profile");
let trav_src = std::fs::read_to_string(&trav).expect("read .sb");
assert!(trav_src.contains("(param \"WORKDIR\")"));
}
#[test]
fn profile_path_unknown_name_is_none() {
assert!(profile_path("does_not_exist").is_none());
}
#[test]
fn sandbox_exec_bin_honours_env_override() {
// SAFETY: tests are run serially with the macOS hardening suite;
// resetting the env var below restores the default for subsequent
// tests in the same process.
unsafe { std::env::set_var(SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV, "/nonexistent/sandbox-exec") };
assert_eq!(sandbox_exec_bin(), PathBuf::from("/nonexistent/sandbox-exec"));
assert!(!sandbox_exec_available());
unsafe { std::env::remove_var(SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV) };
}
#[test]
fn wrap_plan_returns_none_when_sandbox_exec_missing() {
unsafe { std::env::set_var(SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV, "/nonexistent/sandbox-exec") };
let input = WrapInput {
cmd_path: Path::new("/usr/bin/true"),
cmd_args: &[],
workdir: Path::new("/tmp"),
caps: 0,
profile_override: None,
};
let result = wrap_plan(&input);
assert!(result.plan.is_none());
assert_eq!(result.outcome.level, HardeningLevel::Trusted);
unsafe { std::env::remove_var(SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV) };
}
#[test]
#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
fn wrap_plan_returns_sandboxed_when_sandbox_exec_present() {
// Skip when the host doesn't actually have /usr/bin/sandbox-exec
// (e.g. someone reading SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV from a parent shell).
unsafe { std::env::remove_var(SANDBOX_EXEC_BIN_ENV) };
if !sandbox_exec_available() {
eprintln!("SKIP: /usr/bin/sandbox-exec missing on this host");
return;
}
let input = WrapInput {
cmd_path: Path::new("/usr/bin/true"),
cmd_args: &[],
workdir: Path::new("/tmp"),
caps: 1 << 5, // FILE_IO
profile_override: None,
};
let result = wrap_plan(&input);
let plan = result.plan.expect("plan");
assert_eq!(plan.profile, "path_traversal");
assert_eq!(plan.binary, PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/sandbox-exec"));
assert!(plan.args.iter().any(|a| a == "-f"));
assert!(plan.args.iter().any(|a| a.starts_with("WORKDIR=")));
assert_eq!(result.outcome.level, HardeningLevel::Sandboxed);
assert_eq!(result.outcome.profile, "path_traversal");
}
}