prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?"); $stmt->execute([$user]); } function safe_hash($data) { return hash("sha256", $data); } function safe_random() { return random_int(1, 100); } function safe_include() { include "config.php"; } function safe_string_ops() { $x = "hello"; $y = strtoupper($x); $z = strlen($y); }