"""Command injection — positive fixture. Vulnerable function: passes user input directly to shell=True subprocess. Expected verdict: Confirmed (payload "; echo NYX_PWN_CMDI" echoes the marker). """ import subprocess def run_ping(host): """Vulnerable: user input in shell command.""" result = subprocess.run( "ping -c 1 " + host, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=5, ) print(result.stdout) print(result.stderr, end="")