diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/SurfacePage.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/SurfacePage.tsx
index 06ccf4a8..97c8158d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/SurfacePage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/SurfacePage.tsx
@@ -77,33 +77,18 @@ function NodeCard({
       onClick={onClick}
       className={`surface-node-card${selected ? ' selected' : ''}`}
       style={{
-        display: 'flex',
-        flexDirection: 'column',
-        alignItems: 'flex-start',
-        gap: 'var(--space-1)',
-        padding: 'var(--space-3)',
         border: `1px solid ${selected ? color : 'var(--border)'}`,
         borderLeft: `4px solid ${color}`,
-        borderRadius: 'var(--radius-2)',
         background: selected ? 'var(--surface-2)' : 'var(--surface-1)',
-        cursor: 'pointer',
-        textAlign: 'left',
-        width: '100%',
       }}
     >
-      <span style={{ fontSize: 'var(--text-2xs)', color: 'var(--text-tertiary)' }}>
+      <span className="surface-node-card-meta">
         #{index} · {node.node.replace('_', ' ')}
         {node.node === 'entry_point' && node.auth_required ? ' · auth' : ''}
       </span>
-      <span style={{ fontWeight: 600, fontSize: 'var(--text-sm)' }}>
-        {nodeTitle(node)}
-      </span>
-      <span style={{ fontSize: 'var(--text-xs)', color: 'var(--text-secondary)' }}>
-        {nodeSubtitle(node)}
-      </span>
-      <code style={{ fontSize: 'var(--text-2xs)', color: 'var(--text-tertiary)' }}>
-        {nodeLocation(node)}
-      </code>
+      <span className="surface-node-card-title">{nodeTitle(node)}</span>
+      <span className="surface-node-card-subtitle">{nodeSubtitle(node)}</span>
+      <code className="surface-node-card-loc">{nodeLocation(node)}</code>
     </button>
   );
 }
@@ -141,7 +126,7 @@ function NeighborList({
 }) {
   if (index === null) {
     return (
-      <p style={{ color: 'var(--text-tertiary)' }}>
+      <p className="surface-neighbor-empty">
         Select a node on the left to see its neighbours.
       </p>
     );
@@ -155,54 +140,26 @@ function NeighborList({
   const renderEdges = (edges: SurfaceEdge[], direction: 'in' | 'out') => {
     if (edges.length === 0) {
       return (
-        <p style={{ color: 'var(--text-tertiary)' }}>
+        <p className="surface-neighbor-empty">
           (no {direction === 'in' ? 'inbound' : 'outbound'} edges)
         </p>
       );
     }
     return (
-      <ul
-        style={{
-          listStyle: 'none',
-          padding: 0,
-          margin: 0,
-          display: 'flex',
-          flexDirection: 'column',
-          gap: 'var(--space-1)',
-        }}
-      >
+      <ul className="surface-neighbor-edges">
         {edges.map((e, i) => {
           const otherIdx = direction === 'in' ? e.from : e.to;
           const other = map.nodes[otherIdx];
           if (!other) return null;
           return (
-            <li
-              key={`${direction}-${i}`}
-              style={{
-                display: 'flex',
-                alignItems: 'center',
-                gap: 'var(--space-2)',
-                fontSize: 'var(--text-xs)',
-              }}
-            >
-              <span
-                style={{
-                  padding: '2px 6px',
-                  borderRadius: 'var(--radius-1)',
-                  background: 'var(--surface-2)',
-                  color: 'var(--text-secondary)',
-                }}
-              >
+            <li key={`${direction}-${i}`} className="surface-neighbor-edge">
+              <span className="surface-neighbor-edge-kind">
                 {EDGE_KIND_LABELS[e.kind]}
               </span>
               <span>
                 {direction === 'in' ? '←' : '→'} <strong>{nodeTitle(other)}</strong>
               </span>
-              <code
-                style={{ fontSize: 'var(--text-2xs)', color: 'var(--text-tertiary)' }}
-              >
-                {nodeLocation(other)}
-              </code>
+              <code className="surface-neighbor-edge-loc">{nodeLocation(other)}</code>
             </li>
           );
         })}
@@ -212,8 +169,8 @@ function NeighborList({
 
   return (
     <div>
-      <h3 style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>{nodeTitle(node)}</h3>
-      <p style={{ color: 'var(--text-secondary)', marginTop: 0 }}>
+      <h3 className="surface-neighbor-title">{nodeTitle(node)}</h3>
+      <p className="surface-neighbor-subtitle">
         {nodeSubtitle(node)} — <code>{nodeLocation(node)}</code>
       </p>
       <h4>Outbound</h4>
@@ -261,53 +218,26 @@ export function SurfacePage() {
 
   return (
     <div className="page-content">
-      <header
-        style={{
-          display: 'flex',
-          alignItems: 'baseline',
-          gap: 'var(--space-4)',
-          marginBottom: 'var(--space-4)',
-        }}
-      >
-        <h1 style={{ margin: 0 }}>Attack surface</h1>
-        <span style={{ color: 'var(--text-tertiary)', fontSize: 'var(--text-sm)' }}>
+      <header className="surface-header">
+        <h1>Attack surface</h1>
+        <span className="surface-header-summary">
           {summary.entries} entry-points · {summary.stores} stores ·{' '}
           {summary.externals} services · {summary.dangerous} dangerous locals ·{' '}
           {data.edges.length} edges
         </span>
       </header>
-      <div
-        style={{
-          display: 'flex',
-          gap: 'var(--space-2)',
-          marginBottom: 'var(--space-3)',
-          flexWrap: 'wrap',
-        }}
-      >
+      <div className="surface-filter-row">
         <input
           type="search"
           value={query}
           placeholder="Filter by name, label, or path"
           onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
-          style={{
-            flex: '1 1 220px',
-            padding: 'var(--space-2)',
-            border: '1px solid var(--border)',
-            borderRadius: 'var(--radius-1)',
-            background: 'var(--surface-1)',
-            color: 'var(--text-primary)',
-          }}
+          className="surface-filter-input"
         />
         <select
           value={filter}
           onChange={(e) => setFilter(e.target.value as NodeKindFilter)}
-          style={{
-            padding: 'var(--space-2)',
-            border: '1px solid var(--border)',
-            borderRadius: 'var(--radius-1)',
-            background: 'var(--surface-1)',
-            color: 'var(--text-primary)',
-          }}
+          className="surface-filter-select"
         >
           <option value="all">All node kinds</option>
           <option value="entry_point">Entry points</option>
@@ -316,25 +246,10 @@ export function SurfacePage() {
           <option value="dangerous_local">Dangerous locals</option>
         </select>
       </div>
-      <div
-        style={{
-          display: 'grid',
-          gridTemplateColumns: 'minmax(280px, 1fr) minmax(320px, 1.4fr)',
-          gap: 'var(--space-4)',
-          alignItems: 'flex-start',
-        }}
-      >
-        <div
-          style={{
-            display: 'flex',
-            flexDirection: 'column',
-            gap: 'var(--space-2)',
-            maxHeight: '70vh',
-            overflowY: 'auto',
-          }}
-        >
+      <div className="surface-grid">
+        <div className="surface-node-list">
           {visible.length === 0 ? (
-            <p style={{ color: 'var(--text-tertiary)' }}>No nodes match.</p>
+            <p className="surface-node-list-empty">No nodes match.</p>
           ) : (
             visible.map(({ node, index }) => (
               <NodeCard
@@ -347,14 +262,7 @@ export function SurfacePage() {
             ))
           )}
         </div>
-        <aside
-          style={{
-            border: '1px solid var(--border)',
-            borderRadius: 'var(--radius-2)',
-            padding: 'var(--space-4)',
-            background: 'var(--surface-1)',
-          }}
-        >
+        <aside className="surface-sidebar">
           <NeighborList map={data} index={selected} />
         </aside>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/styles/global.css b/frontend/src/styles/global.css
index 95850463..67bc6605 100644
--- a/frontend/src/styles/global.css
+++ b/frontend/src/styles/global.css
@@ -8793,3 +8793,122 @@ input[type='checkbox'] {
 [data-theme='light'] .code-modal-title {
   color: var(--text);
 }
+
+/* SurfacePage */
+.surface-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  gap: var(--space-4);
+  margin-bottom: var(--space-4);
+}
+.surface-header h1 {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+.surface-header-summary {
+  color: var(--text-tertiary);
+  font-size: var(--text-sm);
+}
+.surface-filter-row {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: var(--space-2);
+  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+.surface-filter-input {
+  flex: 1 1 220px;
+  padding: var(--space-2);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-1);
+  background: var(--surface-1);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+.surface-filter-select {
+  padding: var(--space-2);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-1);
+  background: var(--surface-1);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+.surface-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 1fr) minmax(320px, 1.4fr);
+  gap: var(--space-4);
+  align-items: flex-start;
+}
+.surface-node-list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--space-2);
+  max-height: 70vh;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+.surface-node-list-empty {
+  color: var(--text-tertiary);
+}
+.surface-sidebar {
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-2);
+  padding: var(--space-4);
+  background: var(--surface-1);
+}
+.surface-node-card {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: var(--space-1);
+  padding: var(--space-3);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-2);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: left;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+.surface-node-card-meta {
+  font-size: var(--text-2xs);
+  color: var(--text-tertiary);
+}
+.surface-node-card-title {
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-size: var(--text-sm);
+}
+.surface-node-card-subtitle {
+  font-size: var(--text-xs);
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+.surface-node-card-loc {
+  font-size: var(--text-2xs);
+  color: var(--text-tertiary);
+}
+.surface-neighbor-empty {
+  color: var(--text-tertiary);
+}
+.surface-neighbor-title {
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+.surface-neighbor-subtitle {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+.surface-neighbor-edges {
+  list-style: none;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--space-1);
+}
+.surface-neighbor-edge {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--space-2);
+  font-size: var(--text-xs);
+}
+.surface-neighbor-edge-kind {
+  padding: 2px 6px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-1);
+  background: var(--surface-2);
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+.surface-neighbor-edge-loc {
+  font-size: var(--text-2xs);
+  color: var(--text-tertiary);
+}
diff --git a/src/chain/finding.rs b/src/chain/finding.rs
index 59e85de5..9ad49e87 100644
--- a/src/chain/finding.rs
+++ b/src/chain/finding.rs
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ impl ChainFinding {
         if verdict.status == VerifyStatus::Inconclusive {
             self.severity = self.severity.downgraded();
             let reason = match &verdict.inconclusive_reason {
-                Some(r) => format!("composite reverification inconclusive: {r:?}"),
+                Some(r) => format!("composite reverification inconclusive: {r}"),
                 None => match verdict.detail.as_deref() {
                     Some(d) if !d.is_empty() => {
                         format!("composite reverification inconclusive: {d}")
diff --git a/src/chain/impact.rs b/src/chain/impact.rs
index 409c88fd..0f71f267 100644
--- a/src/chain/impact.rs
+++ b/src/chain/impact.rs
@@ -184,6 +184,37 @@ const _: () = assert!(
      drop it from IMPACT_LATTICE_COVERED or add a rule that consumes it",
 );
 
+/// Precomputed standalone-rule table indexed by `Cap` bit position.
+///
+/// Built once at compile time from [`IMPACT_LATTICE`].  `Cap` is a
+/// `bitflags!` u32, so each cap occupies one bit position 0..32; the
+/// table stores the standalone [`ImpactCategory`] (if any) for that
+/// position.  [`lookup_impact`] uses this to short-circuit its
+/// second-pass and third-pass walks in O(1).
+static STANDALONE_BY_BIT: [Option<ImpactCategory>; 32] = build_standalone_table();
+
+const fn build_standalone_table() -> [Option<ImpactCategory>; 32] {
+    let mut table = [None; 32];
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < IMPACT_LATTICE.len() {
+        let rule = IMPACT_LATTICE[i];
+        if rule.adjacent_cap.is_none() {
+            let bit = rule.source_cap.bits().trailing_zeros() as usize;
+            table[bit] = Some(rule.result);
+        }
+        i += 1;
+    }
+    table
+}
+
+fn standalone_lookup(cap: Cap) -> Option<ImpactCategory> {
+    let bits = cap.bits();
+    if bits == 0 || bits.count_ones() != 1 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    STANDALONE_BY_BIT[bits.trailing_zeros() as usize]
+}
+
 /// Look up an [`ImpactCategory`] for a (source, adjacent) cap pair.
 ///
 /// `adjacent` is `None` when the caller has not yet found a partner
@@ -192,6 +223,12 @@ const _: () = assert!(
 /// Phase 25's path search calls this once per candidate path with the
 /// path's primary and secondary caps; multiple cap matches choose the
 /// first rule in [`IMPACT_LATTICE`] order (specific before fallback).
+///
+/// The standalone-rule walks (second + third pass) are O(1) via
+/// [`STANDALONE_BY_BIT`].  The two-cap walk (first pass) stays linear
+/// because the 2-cap subset is small (today: three rules); promote
+/// to a sorted-pair binary search if the lattice grows past ~16
+/// pair-rules.
 pub fn lookup_impact(source: Cap, adjacent: Option<Cap>) -> Option<ImpactCategory> {
     // First pass: exact source + matching adjacency (or both ways).
     if let Some(adj) = adjacent {
@@ -205,20 +242,16 @@ pub fn lookup_impact(source: Cap, adjacent: Option<Cap>) -> Option<ImpactCategor
             }
         }
     }
-    // Second pass: standalone rule on source_cap.
-    for rule in IMPACT_LATTICE {
-        if rule.adjacent_cap.is_none() && rule.source_cap == source {
-            return Some(rule.result);
-        }
+    // Second pass: standalone rule on source_cap (O(1) table lookup).
+    if let Some(cat) = standalone_lookup(source) {
+        return Some(cat);
     }
     // Third pass: if `adjacent` is given but the pair didn't hit,
     // try the standalone rule on adjacent_cap so a CODE_EXEC + UNRELATED
     // pair still reaches `Rce`.
     if let Some(adj) = adjacent {
-        for rule in IMPACT_LATTICE {
-            if rule.adjacent_cap.is_none() && rule.source_cap == adj {
-                return Some(rule.result);
-            }
+        if let Some(cat) = standalone_lookup(adj) {
+            return Some(cat);
         }
     }
     None
diff --git a/src/chain/mod.rs b/src/chain/mod.rs
index dad50b5b..0e698e00 100644
--- a/src/chain/mod.rs
+++ b/src/chain/mod.rs
@@ -135,8 +135,5 @@ impl ChainGraph {
 /// Phase 25's path-search code calls this as a fast-path before
 /// consulting the full [`IMPACT_LATTICE`].
 pub fn standalone_impact(cap: Cap) -> Option<ImpactCategory> {
-    IMPACT_LATTICE
-        .iter()
-        .find(|rule| rule.source_cap == cap && rule.adjacent_cap.is_none())
-        .map(|rule| rule.result)
+    lookup_impact(cap, None)
 }
diff --git a/src/chain/search.rs b/src/chain/search.rs
index 2cfe513a..870f0d62 100644
--- a/src/chain/search.rs
+++ b/src/chain/search.rs
@@ -217,9 +217,25 @@ fn compose_chain(
     let sink_cap = sole_cap(sink.cap_bits)?;
     let (impact, member_impacts) =
         resolve_impact(&path, sink_cap, entry, local_listener_present)?;
-    Some(build_chain(entry, sink, &path, impact, &member_impacts))
+    let mut chain = build_chain(entry, sink, &path, impact, &member_impacts);
+    // SSRF + LocalListener refinement (Phase 24 deferred close): when
+    // the implied impact is `InternalNetworkAccess` AND the SurfaceMap
+    // exposes a loopback listener, the chain is more concrete than the
+    // bare lattice match — lift the score so it ranks above SSRF chains
+    // without a corroborating in-process target.
+    if impact == ImpactCategory::InternalNetworkAccess && local_listener_present {
+        chain.score *= LOCAL_LISTENER_BOOST;
+    }
+    Some(chain)
 }
 
+/// Score multiplier applied when an `InternalNetworkAccess` chain has
+/// a corroborating loopback listener in the SurfaceMap.  Calibrated to
+/// lift the chain above an otherwise-identical SSRF chain that lacks
+/// the listener context, without overtaking strictly more severe
+/// categories.
+const LOCAL_LISTENER_BOOST: f64 = 1.5;
+
 /// Pick the lowest-bit single [`Cap`] from `bits`, or `None` when no
 /// bit is set.  Sinks in the SurfaceMap may carry multi-bit
 /// `cap_bits`; the DFS terminates against the lowest single bit so
@@ -557,6 +573,61 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn ssrf_with_local_listener_scores_higher_than_without() {
+        use crate::surface::{DataStore, DataStoreKind};
+        let edge = || -> ChainEdge {
+            edge_with(
+                "app.py",
+                10,
+                "taint-ssrf",
+                Cap::SSRF,
+                "/fetch",
+                HttpMethod::POST,
+                Feasibility::Confirmed,
+            )
+        };
+        let mut surface_no_listener = SurfaceMap::new();
+        surface_no_listener.nodes.push(entry("app.py", "/fetch", false));
+        surface_no_listener
+            .nodes
+            .push(sink("app.py", 20, "requests.get", Cap::SSRF));
+        let baseline = find_chains(
+            &[edge()],
+            &surface_no_listener,
+            ChainSearchConfig {
+                max_depth: 4,
+                min_score: 0.0,
+            },
+        );
+        assert_eq!(baseline.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(baseline[0].implied_impact, ImpactCategory::InternalNetworkAccess);
+
+        let mut surface_with_listener = surface_no_listener.clone();
+        surface_with_listener
+            .nodes
+            .push(SurfaceNode::DataStore(DataStore {
+                location: loc("app.py", 5),
+                kind: DataStoreKind::KeyValue,
+                label: "redis://127.0.0.1:6379".into(),
+            }));
+        let boosted = find_chains(
+            &[edge()],
+            &surface_with_listener,
+            ChainSearchConfig {
+                max_depth: 4,
+                min_score: 0.0,
+            },
+        );
+        assert_eq!(boosted.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(boosted[0].implied_impact, ImpactCategory::InternalNetworkAccess);
+        let ratio = boosted[0].score / baseline[0].score;
+        assert!(
+            (ratio - LOCAL_LISTENER_BOOST).abs() < 1e-9,
+            "expected ×{LOCAL_LISTENER_BOOST} boost, got ratio={ratio}"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn score_threshold_drops_low_score_chains() {
         let mut surface = SurfaceMap::new();
diff --git a/src/evidence.rs b/src/evidence.rs
index efd5390a..b4e00427 100644
--- a/src/evidence.rs
+++ b/src/evidence.rs
@@ -328,6 +328,68 @@ pub enum InconclusiveReason {
     },
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for InconclusiveReason {
+    /// Human-readable phrasing per variant.  Used by callers that splice
+    /// the typed reason into a user-facing string (e.g. the
+    /// `reverify_reason` field on a chain finding).  Consumers that need
+    /// structured access should read the enum variant directly via
+    /// `VerifyResult::inconclusive_reason`.
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::OracleCollisionSuspected => {
+                f.write_str("oracle collision suspected (marker matched without sink reach)")
+            }
+            Self::NonReproducible => f.write_str("repro artifact could not be written"),
+            Self::BuildFailed => f.write_str("harness build failed after retries"),
+            Self::SandboxError => f.write_str("sandbox error"),
+            Self::SpecDerivationFailed { tried, hint } => {
+                f.write_str("spec derivation failed (tried: ")?;
+                for (i, s) in tried.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        f.write_str(", ")?;
+                    }
+                    write!(f, "{s}")?;
+                }
+                write!(f, "; hint: {hint})")
+            }
+            Self::EntryKindUnsupported {
+                lang,
+                attempted,
+                supported,
+                hint,
+            } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "entry kind {attempted:?} unsupported for {lang:?} (supported: "
+                )?;
+                for (i, k) in supported.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        f.write_str(", ")?;
+                    }
+                    write!(f, "{k:?}")?;
+                }
+                write!(f, "; hint: {hint})")
+            }
+            Self::NoBenignControl => {
+                f.write_str("no benign control payload available for differential confirmation")
+            }
+            Self::ReversedDifferential => f.write_str(
+                "reversed differential (benign payload fired, vulnerable payload did not)",
+            ),
+            Self::UnrelatedCrash => {
+                f.write_str("harness crashed outside the instrumented sink")
+            }
+            Self::BackendInsufficient {
+                backend,
+                oracle_kind,
+            } => write!(
+                f,
+                "{backend} backend cannot enforce isolation for {oracle_kind} oracle"
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// High-level outcome of a dynamic verification attempt.
 ///
 /// Serializes as PascalCase (`"Confirmed"`, `"NotConfirmed"`, etc.).
diff --git a/tests/chain_reverify.rs b/tests/chain_reverify.rs
index 9311936b..61594c4c 100644
--- a/tests/chain_reverify.rs
+++ b/tests/chain_reverify.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ fn composite_inconclusive_downgrades_one_bucket_and_records_reason() {
         .as_deref()
         .expect("reverify_reason recorded");
     assert!(
-        reason.contains("BuildFailed"),
+        reason.contains("harness build failed"),
         "reason carries typed inconclusive reason; got {reason:?}"
     );
 }