fix failing tests

src/dynamic/build_pool/mod.rs

@@ -121,8 +121,9 @@ pub fn is_pool_enabled(lang: &str) -> bool {
 /// dir is available — callers treat that as "pool unavailable" and fall
 /// back to the legacy direct-spawn build path.
 pub(crate) fn pool_cache_dir(lang: &str, sub: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    let base = if let Ok(custom) = std::env::var("NYX_BUILD_POOL_DIR") {
+    let custom = std::env::var("NYX_BUILD_POOL_DIR").ok().map(PathBuf::from);
-        PathBuf::from(custom)
+    let base = if let Some(custom) = custom.clone() {
+        custom
     } else {
         directories::ProjectDirs::from("dev", "nyx", "nyx")?
             .cache_dir()
@@ -130,8 +131,27 @@ pub(crate) fn pool_cache_dir(lang: &str, sub: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
             .join("build-pool")
     };
     let dir = base.join(lang).join(sub);
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).ok()?;
+    if ensure_writable_dir(&dir).is_some() {
-    Some(dir)
+        return Some(dir);
+    }
+    if custom.is_some() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let fallback = std::env::temp_dir()
+        .join("nyx")
+        .join("dynamic")
+        .join("build-pool")
+        .join(lang)
+        .join(sub);
+    ensure_writable_dir(&fallback)
+}
+
+fn ensure_writable_dir(dir: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(dir).ok()?;
+    let probe = dir.join(format!(".nyx-write-probe-{}", std::process::id()));
+    std::fs::write(&probe, b"ok").ok()?;
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(probe);
+    Some(dir.to_path_buf())
 }
 
 /// Construct a `Command` for `bin` with a scrubbed environment, matching
@@ -140,12 +160,24 @@ pub(crate) fn pool_cache_dir(lang: &str, sub: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
 /// (`CARGO_TARGET_DIR`, `CCACHE_DIR`, `GOCACHE`, …) on top of this.
 pub(crate) fn base_command(bin: &str) -> Command {
     let mut cmd = Command::new(bin);
+    let tmp = build_temp_dir();
     cmd.env_clear()
         .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default());
+        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
+        .env("TMPDIR", &tmp)
+        .env("TMP", &tmp)
+        .env("TEMP", &tmp);
     cmd
 }
 
+fn build_temp_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join("nyx-build-tmp");
+    if std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).is_ok() {
+        return dir;
+    }
+    std::env::temp_dir()
+}
+
 /// Hermetic Bundler / RubyGems environment pinned to a writable per-workdir
 /// vendor directory.
 ///

src/dynamic/build_sandbox.rs

@@ -122,12 +122,11 @@ fn try_build_rust_binary(workdir: &Path, binary_dest: &Path) -> Result<(), Strin
     let cargo = cargo_binary();
 
     // Run `cargo build --release` in the workdir.
-    let output = Command::new(&cargo)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&cargo);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args(["build", "--release"])
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         // Inherit CARGO_HOME so the local registry cache is reused.
         .env(
             "CARGO_HOME",
@@ -326,12 +325,11 @@ fn try_build_venv(venv_path: &Path, workdir: &Path, spec: &HarnessSpec) -> Resul
     let python = python_binary(spec);
 
     // Create the venv.
-    let status = Command::new(&python)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&python);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let status = cmd
         .args(["-m", "venv", "--clear"])
         .arg(venv_path)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .status()
         .map_err(|e| format!("venv create: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -343,12 +341,11 @@ fn try_build_venv(venv_path: &Path, workdir: &Path, spec: &HarnessSpec) -> Resul
     let req_path = workdir.join("requirements.txt");
     if req_path.exists() {
         let pip = venv_path.join("bin").join("pip");
-        let output = Command::new(&pip)
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(&pip);
+        apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+        let output = cmd
             .args(["install", "--no-cache-dir", "-r"])
             .arg(&req_path)
-            .env_clear()
-            .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-            .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
             .output()
             .map_err(|e| format!("pip install: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -414,21 +411,30 @@ fn build_cache_path(
 
     let name = format!("{lockfile_hash}-{language}-{toolchain_id}");
     let path = base.join(&name);
-    match create_build_cache_dir(&path) {
+    match prepare_build_cache_dir(&path) {
         Ok(()) => Ok(path),
-        Err(e) if override_base.is_none() && e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => {
+        Err(e) if override_base.is_none() => {
             let fallback = std::env::temp_dir()
                 .join("nyx")
                 .join("dynamic")
                 .join("build-cache")
                 .join(&name);
-            create_build_cache_dir(&fallback)?;
+            prepare_build_cache_dir(&fallback)?;
             Ok(fallback)
         }
         Err(e) => Err(BuildError::Io(e)),
     }
 }
 
+fn prepare_build_cache_dir(path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    create_build_cache_dir(path)?;
+    write_probe(path)?;
+    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+        write_probe(parent)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn create_build_cache_dir(path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
     std::fs::create_dir_all(path)?;
     #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -439,6 +445,32 @@ fn create_build_cache_dir(path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn write_probe(dir: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
+    let probe = dir.join(format!(".nyx-write-probe-{}", std::process::id()));
+    std::fs::write(&probe, b"ok")?;
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(probe);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn build_temp_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join("nyx-build-tmp");
+    if std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).is_ok() {
+        return dir;
+    }
+    std::env::temp_dir()
+}
+
+fn apply_basic_build_env(cmd: &mut Command) {
+    let tmp = build_temp_dir();
+    cmd.env_clear()
+        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
+        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
+        .env("TMPDIR", &tmp)
+        .env("TMP", &tmp)
+        .env("TEMP", &tmp);
+}
+
 const PYTHON_CACHE_DONE: &str = ".python_cache_done";
 
 fn python_cache_done_path(cache_path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
@@ -636,12 +668,11 @@ fn bundle_check(bundle: &str, workdir: &Path) -> Result<bool, String> {
     // 1.x's view of already-installed system gems and produces spurious
     // BuildFailed for a Gemfile the host can already satisfy.  See the parallel
     // comment in `RubyPool::compile_batch`.
-    let output = Command::new(bundle)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(bundle);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .arg("check")
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("bundle check: {e}"))?;
     Ok(output.status.success())
@@ -654,10 +685,8 @@ fn bundle_check(bundle: &str, workdir: &Path) -> Result<bool, String> {
 /// Ruby harness build never invokes `sudo` and never touches the network.
 fn ruby_build_command(bundle: &str, workdir: &Path) -> Command {
     let mut cmd = Command::new(bundle);
-    cmd.current_dir(workdir)
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
-        .env_clear()
+    cmd.current_dir(workdir);
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default());
     for (k, v) in ruby_hermetic_env(workdir) {
         cmd.env(k, v);
     }
@@ -713,22 +742,36 @@ pub fn prepare_node(spec: &HarnessSpec, workdir: &Path) -> Result<BuildResult, B
     let cache_path = build_cache_path(&lockfile_hash, "node", &spec.toolchain_id)?;
     let _cache_guard = acquire_cache_build_lock(&cache_path)?;
 
+    let has_package_json = workdir.join("package.json").exists();
+
     // Cache hit: node_modules already installed. Restore to fresh workdir if
     // a different finding shares the same cache key but got a new workdir.
     if cache_path.join(".node_cache_done").exists() {
         let cached_nm = cache_path.join("node_modules");
-        if cached_nm.exists() && !workdir.join("node_modules").exists() {
+        if !has_package_json {
-            let _ = copy_dir_all(&cached_nm, &workdir.join("node_modules"));
+            return Ok(BuildResult {
+                venv_path: cache_path,
+                cache_hit: true,
+                duration: std::time::Duration::ZERO,
+            });
         }
-        return Ok(BuildResult {
+        if cached_nm.exists() {
-            venv_path: cache_path,
+            if !workdir.join("node_modules").exists() {
-            cache_hit: true,
+                let _ = copy_dir_all(&cached_nm, &workdir.join("node_modules"));
-            duration: std::time::Duration::ZERO,
+            }
-        });
+            if workdir.join("node_modules").exists() {
+                return Ok(BuildResult {
+                    venv_path: cache_path,
+                    cache_hit: true,
+                    duration: std::time::Duration::ZERO,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(cache_path.join(".node_cache_done"));
     }
 
     // No package.json = no deps to install.
-    if !workdir.join("package.json").exists() {
+    if !has_package_json {
         std::fs::write(cache_path.join(".node_cache_done"), b"no-package-json")?;
         return Ok(BuildResult {
             venv_path: cache_path,
@@ -794,12 +837,11 @@ fn npm_install(workdir: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
 
 fn try_npm_install(workdir: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
     let npm = std::env::var("NYX_NPM_BIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "npm".to_owned());
-    let output = Command::new(&npm)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&npm);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args(["install", "--no-save", "--no-audit", "--no-fund"])
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("npm install: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -939,12 +981,11 @@ fn try_build_go_binary(workdir: &Path, binary_dest: &Path) -> Result<(), String>
     let go_mod_cache = std::env::var("GOMODCACHE").unwrap_or_else(|_| format!("{go_path}/pkg/mod"));
 
     if workdir.join("go.mod").exists() {
-        let output = Command::new(&go_bin)
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(&go_bin);
+        apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+        let output = cmd
             .args(["mod", "tidy"])
             .current_dir(workdir)
-            .env_clear()
-            .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-            .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
             .env("GOCACHE", &go_cache)
             .env("GOPATH", &go_path)
             .env("GOMODCACHE", &go_mod_cache)
@@ -960,7 +1001,9 @@ fn try_build_go_binary(workdir: &Path, binary_dest: &Path) -> Result<(), String>
         }
     }
 
-    let output = Command::new(&go_bin)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&go_bin);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args([
             "build",
             "-o",
@@ -968,9 +1011,6 @@ fn try_build_go_binary(workdir: &Path, binary_dest: &Path) -> Result<(), String>
             ".",
         ])
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .env("GOCACHE", go_cache)
         .env("GOPATH", go_path)
         .env("GOMODCACHE", go_mod_cache)
@@ -1274,12 +1314,11 @@ fn try_compile_java_with_toolchain(
     }
 
     let javac = std::env::var("NYX_JAVAC_BIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "javac".to_owned());
-    let output = Command::new(&javac)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&javac);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args(&args)
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("javac: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -1332,12 +1371,11 @@ fn finalize_java_compile(workdir: &Path, cache_path: &Path, lib_on_cp: bool) ->
 /// build path can surface it as `BuildFailed` upstream.
 fn fetch_maven_deps(workdir: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
     let mvn = std::env::var("NYX_MAVEN_BIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "mvn".to_owned());
-    let output = Command::new(&mvn)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&mvn);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args(maven_copy_dependency_args())
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("mvn dependency:copy-dependencies: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -1451,19 +1489,33 @@ pub fn prepare_php(spec: &HarnessSpec, workdir: &Path) -> Result<BuildResult, Bu
     let cache_path = build_cache_path(&lockfile_hash, "php", &spec.toolchain_id)?;
     let _cache_guard = acquire_cache_build_lock(&cache_path)?;
 
+    let has_composer_json = workdir.join("composer.json").exists();
+
     if cache_path.join(".php_cache_done").exists() {
         let cached_vendor = cache_path.join("vendor");
-        if cached_vendor.exists() && !workdir.join("vendor").exists() {
+        if !has_composer_json {
-            let _ = copy_dir_all(&cached_vendor, &workdir.join("vendor"));
+            return Ok(BuildResult {
+                venv_path: cache_path,
+                cache_hit: true,
+                duration: std::time::Duration::ZERO,
+            });
         }
-        return Ok(BuildResult {
+        if cached_vendor.join("autoload.php").exists() {
-            venv_path: cache_path,
+            if !workdir.join("vendor").exists() {
-            cache_hit: true,
+                let _ = copy_dir_all(&cached_vendor, &workdir.join("vendor"));
-            duration: std::time::Duration::ZERO,
+            }
-        });
+            if workdir.join("vendor").join("autoload.php").exists() {
+                return Ok(BuildResult {
+                    venv_path: cache_path,
+                    cache_hit: true,
+                    duration: std::time::Duration::ZERO,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(cache_path.join(".php_cache_done"));
     }
 
-    if !workdir.join("composer.json").exists() {
+    if !has_composer_json {
         std::fs::write(cache_path.join(".php_cache_done"), b"no-composer-json")?;
         return Ok(BuildResult {
             venv_path: cache_path,
@@ -1529,12 +1581,11 @@ fn composer_install(workdir: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
 
 fn try_composer_install(workdir: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
     let composer = std::env::var("NYX_COMPOSER_BIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "composer".to_owned());
-    let output = Command::new(&composer)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&composer);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args(["install", "--no-interaction", "--no-dev", "--prefer-dist"])
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .env("COMPOSER_ALLOW_SUPERUSER", "1")
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("composer install: {e}"))?;
@@ -1706,12 +1757,11 @@ fn run_cc(
     let mut args: Vec<&str> = leading_flags.to_vec();
     args.extend(["-o", binary_str, "main.c"]);
 
-    let output = Command::new(cc_bin)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(cc_bin);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args(&args)
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("cc: {e}"))?;
 
@@ -1817,7 +1867,9 @@ fn try_build_cpp_binary(workdir: &Path, binary_dest: &Path) -> Result<(), String
         // Prefer c++ which resolves to the system default compiler driver.
         "c++".to_owned()
     });
-    let output = Command::new(&cxx_bin)
+    let mut cmd = Command::new(&cxx_bin);
+    apply_basic_build_env(&mut cmd);
+    let output = cmd
         .args([
             "-O0",
             "-g",
@@ -1827,9 +1879,6 @@ fn try_build_cpp_binary(workdir: &Path, binary_dest: &Path) -> Result<(), String
             "main.cpp",
         ])
         .current_dir(workdir)
-        .env_clear()
-        .env("PATH", std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default())
-        .env("HOME", std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_default())
         .output()
         .map_err(|e| format!("c++: {e}"))?;
 

src/dynamic/lang/rust.rs

@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ impl LangEmitter for RustEmitter {
 ///
 /// Splices the Rust probe shim ([`probe_shim`]) in front of a minimal
 /// driver that reads `NYX_PREV_OUTPUT` and writes it on stdout.  The
-/// shim references `libc::*` from its `__nyx_install_crash_guard`
+/// shim installs its crash guard through a tiny generated POSIX FFI
-/// definition, so a single-file `rustc step.rs` build cannot resolve
+/// wrapper, so std-only steps do not need to fetch crates before they
-/// the symbols.  Instead the step ships a companion `Cargo.toml`
+/// can run. The companion `Cargo.toml` is still emitted because the
-/// pinning `libc = "0.2"` via [`ChainStepHarness::extra_files`] and
+/// chain driver uses `cargo run --quiet` for parity with normal Rust
-/// drives the build through `cargo run --quiet`.
+/// harnesses.
 ///
 /// When `terminal` is set, the driver also calls
 /// `__nyx_probe(callee, &[&prev])` and prints
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ fn chain_step(
                       [[bin]]\n\
                       name = \"step\"\n\
                       path = \"step.rs\"\n\n\
-                      [dependencies]\n\
+                      [dependencies]\n"
-                      libc = \"0.2\"\n"
         .to_owned();
     ChainStepHarness {
         source,
@@ -330,11 +329,39 @@ fn __nyx_probe(sink_callee: &str, args: &[&str]) {
     __nyx_emit(&line);
 }
 
-// Phase 08: install a sink-site signal handler via `libc::sigaction` so a
+// Phase 08: install a sink-site signal handler via a tiny generated POSIX
-// SIGSEGV / SIGABRT / etc. inside the sink call is captured as a Crash
+// `signal(3)` / `raise(3)` FFI wrapper so SIGSEGV / SIGABRT / etc. inside the
-// probe before the kernel re-delivers it via SIG_DFL.  The shim is
+// sink call is captured as a Crash probe before the kernel re-delivers it via
-// no-op on non-Unix targets (the dynamic-verification supported set is
+// SIG_DFL.  The shim is no-op on non-Unix targets (the dynamic-verification
-// Unix-only) so consumers can splice it unconditionally.
+// supported set is Unix-only) so consumers can splice it unconditionally.
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+mod __nyx_unix_signal {
+    pub const SIG_DFL: usize = 0;
+    pub const SIGSEGV: i32 = 11;
+    pub const SIGABRT: i32 = 6;
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    pub const SIGBUS: i32 = 10;
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+    pub const SIGBUS: i32 = 7;
+    pub const SIGFPE: i32 = 8;
+    pub const SIGILL: i32 = 4;
+
+    unsafe extern "C" {
+        fn signal(sig: i32, handler: usize) -> usize;
+        fn raise(sig: i32) -> i32;
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn install(sig: i32, handler: extern "C" fn(i32)) {
+        let _ = unsafe { signal(sig, handler as usize) };
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn reset_and_raise(sig: i32) {
+        let _ = unsafe { signal(sig, SIG_DFL) };
+        let _ = unsafe { raise(sig) };
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(unix)]
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 fn __nyx_install_crash_guard(sink_callee: &'static str) {
@@ -349,11 +376,11 @@ fn __nyx_install_crash_guard(sink_callee: &'static str) {
         // accept the risk because the process is already dying and we
         // need the forensic record.
         let name = match sig {
-            libc::SIGSEGV => "SIGSEGV",
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGSEGV => "SIGSEGV",
-            libc::SIGABRT => "SIGABRT",
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGABRT => "SIGABRT",
-            libc::SIGBUS => "SIGBUS",
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGBUS => "SIGBUS",
-            libc::SIGFPE => "SIGFPE",
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGFPE => "SIGFPE",
-            libc::SIGILL => "SIGILL",
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGILL => "SIGILL",
             _ => "SIGABRT",
         };
         let p = SINK_CALLEE.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
@@ -385,18 +412,18 @@ fn __nyx_install_crash_guard(sink_callee: &'static str) {
         __nyx_emit(&line);
         // Restore default handler and re-raise so process actually dies.
         unsafe {
-            let mut sa: libc::sigaction = std::mem::zeroed();
+            __nyx_unix_signal::reset_and_raise(sig);
-            sa.sa_sigaction = libc::SIG_DFL;
-            libc::sigaction(sig, &sa, std::ptr::null_mut());
-            libc::raise(sig);
         }
     }
     unsafe {
-        let mut sa: libc::sigaction = std::mem::zeroed();
+        for sig in [
-        sa.sa_sigaction = handler as usize;
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGSEGV,
-        libc::sigemptyset(&mut sa.sa_mask);
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGABRT,
-        for sig in [libc::SIGSEGV, libc::SIGABRT, libc::SIGBUS, libc::SIGFPE, libc::SIGILL] {
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGBUS,
-            libc::sigaction(sig, &sa, std::ptr::null_mut());
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGFPE,
+            __nyx_unix_signal::SIGILL,
+        ] {
+            __nyx_unix_signal::install(sig, handler);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2670,10 +2697,9 @@ fn is_ident_char(ch: char) -> bool {
 /// - `SQL_QUERY` → `rusqlite` with the `bundled` feature (embeds SQLite).
 /// - Other caps use only std (no extra deps).
 ///
-/// `libc` is always pinned because the Phase 16 probe shim (spliced into
+/// The Phase 16 probe shim is std-only: its Unix crash guard declares the
-/// `src/main.rs` by `generate_main_rs`) calls `libc::sigaction` from
+/// handful of POSIX symbols it needs directly, so ordinary Rust fixtures do
-/// `__nyx_install_crash_guard`.  The shim is unconditionally compiled so
+/// not need network access just to fetch `libc`.
-/// the dep must be unconditional too.
 pub fn generate_cargo_toml(cap: Cap) -> String {
     generate_cargo_toml_with_extras(cap, false)
 }
@@ -2736,7 +2762,6 @@ fn generate_cargo_toml_for_spec(cap: Cap, shape: RustShape, spec: &HarnessSpec)
 pub fn generate_cargo_toml_with_extras(cap: Cap, needs_percent_encoding: bool) -> String {
     let mut deps = String::new();
 
-    deps.push_str("libc = \"0.2\"\n");
     if cap.contains(Cap::SQL_QUERY) {
         deps.push_str("rusqlite = { version = \"0.39\", features = [\"bundled\"] }\n");
     }
@@ -3449,15 +3474,14 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn cargo_toml_always_pins_libc_for_probe_shim() {
+    fn cargo_toml_does_not_pin_libc_for_std_only_probe_shim() {
-        // Phase 16 follow-up: the probe shim calls `libc::sigaction` so
+        // The probe shim declares its tiny POSIX FFI inline, so std-only
-        // `libc` must be unconditionally pinned (independent of the
+        // fixtures must not need crates.io just to build the harness.
-        // expected_cap dep matrix).
         for cap in [Cap::SQL_QUERY, Cap::CODE_EXEC, Cap::FILE_IO, Cap::SSRF] {
             let cargo = generate_cargo_toml(cap);
             assert!(
-                cargo.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
+                !cargo.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
-                "libc dep missing for cap={cap:?}",
+                "unexpected libc dep for cap={cap:?}"
             );
         }
     }
@@ -3476,9 +3500,9 @@ mod tests {
         // Phase 26 follow-up: Rust chain_step now splices the probe
         // shim ahead of the driver so a chain step that terminates at
         // a sink can drive the `__nyx_probe` channel directly.  The
-        // shim references `libc::*` so the step also ships a companion
+        // shim stays std-only, but the step still ships a companion
         // `Cargo.toml` via `extra_files` and drives the build through
-        // `cargo run --quiet` rather than single-file `rustc`.
+        // `cargo run --quiet` to match normal Rust harness execution.
         let step = chain_step(Some(b"prev-output"), None);
         assert!(
             step.source.contains("__nyx_probe shim (Phase 06"),
@@ -3980,15 +4004,14 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn cargo_toml_extras_pins_percent_encoding_when_requested() {
         let cargo = generate_cargo_toml_with_extras(Cap::HEADER_INJECTION, true);
-        assert!(cargo.contains("libc = \"0.2\""));
         assert!(cargo.contains("percent-encoding = \"2\""));
         let cargo_no_extras = generate_cargo_toml_with_extras(Cap::HEADER_INJECTION, false);
-        assert!(cargo_no_extras.contains("libc = \"0.2\""));
         assert!(!cargo_no_extras.contains("percent-encoding"));
+        assert!(!cargo_no_extras.contains("libc = \"0.2\""));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn chain_step_emits_cargo_toml_with_libc_dep() {
+    fn chain_step_emits_std_only_cargo_toml() {
         let step = chain_step(None, None);
         let cargo = step
             .extra_files
@@ -3997,8 +4020,8 @@ mod tests {
             .expect("Cargo.toml must be in extra_files for cargo run");
         let body = &cargo.1;
         assert!(
-            body.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
+            !body.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
-            "Cargo.toml must pin libc for the probe shim's sigaction path, got: {body}",
+            "chain-step Cargo.toml should stay std-only for the inline signal FFI, got: {body}",
         );
         assert!(
             body.contains("path = \"step.rs\""),
@@ -4107,8 +4130,8 @@ mod tests {
             cargo.1
         );
         assert!(
-            cargo.1.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
+            !cargo.1.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
-            "Rust CRYPTO harness Cargo.toml must keep libc dep for the probe shim's sigaction path",
+            "Rust CRYPTO harness should not need libc after the inline signal FFI change",
         );
     }
 
@@ -4242,8 +4265,8 @@ mod tests {
             cargo.1
         );
         assert!(
-            cargo.1.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
+            !cargo.1.contains("libc = \"0.2\""),
-            "Rust JSON_PARSE harness Cargo.toml must keep libc dep for the probe shim's sigaction path",
+            "Rust JSON_PARSE harness should not need libc after the inline signal FFI change",
         );
     }
 

src/dynamic/runner.rs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use crate::evidence::{DifferentialOutcome, DifferentialVerdict};
 use crate::labels::Cap;
 use crate::symbol::Lang;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 /// Record a trace event on the caller's [`VerifyTrace`] handle if one
@@ -55,6 +56,46 @@ fn oracle_short_name(oracle: &Oracle) -> &'static str {
 /// Max harness-build attempts before giving up.
 const MAX_BUILD_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 2;
 
+fn stage_native_harness_command(
+    harness: &mut harness::BuiltHarness,
+    build_root: &Path,
+    fallback: PathBuf,
+) {
+    let cached = build_root.join("nyx_harness");
+    let source = if cached.exists() {
+        cached
+    } else if fallback.exists() {
+        fallback
+    } else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let run_path = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
+    if source != run_path {
+        if let Some(parent) = run_path.parent() {
+            let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(parent);
+        }
+        if std::fs::copy(&source, &run_path).is_ok() {
+            make_executable(&run_path);
+            harness.command = vec![run_path.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    harness.command = vec![source.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn make_executable(path: &Path) {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+    if let Ok(meta) = std::fs::metadata(path) {
+        let mut perms = meta.permissions();
+        perms.set_mode(perms.mode() | 0o700);
+        let _ = std::fs::set_permissions(path, perms);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(unix))]
+fn make_executable(_path: &Path) {}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RunOutcome {
     pub spec: HarnessSpec,
@@ -260,21 +301,12 @@ pub fn run_spec(spec: &HarnessSpec, opts: &SandboxOptions) -> Result<RunOutcome,
             // Compile the harness binary with `cargo build --release`.
             match build_sandbox::prepare_rust(spec, &harness.workdir) {
                 Ok(build_result) => {
-                    // Update command to the compiled binary path.
+                    let fallback = harness
-                    let binary = build_result.venv_path.join("nyx_harness");
+                        .workdir
-                    if binary.exists() {
+                        .join("target")
-                        harness.command = vec![binary.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
+                        .join("release")
-                    } else {
+                        .join("nyx_harness");
-                        // Fall back to binary inside the workdir.
+                    stage_native_harness_command(&mut harness, &build_result.venv_path, fallback);
-                        let fallback = harness
-                            .workdir
-                            .join("target")
-                            .join("release")
-                            .join("nyx_harness");
-                        if fallback.exists() {
-                            harness.command = vec![fallback.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
                 Err(build_sandbox::BuildError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts }) => {
                     return Err(RunError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts });
@@ -305,15 +337,8 @@ pub fn run_spec(spec: &HarnessSpec, opts: &SandboxOptions) -> Result<RunOutcome,
             // Compile the harness binary with `go build -o nyx_harness .`.
             match build_sandbox::prepare_go(spec, &harness.workdir) {
                 Ok(build_result) => {
-                    let binary = build_result.venv_path.join("nyx_harness");
+                    let fallback = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
-                    if binary.exists() {
+                    stage_native_harness_command(&mut harness, &build_result.venv_path, fallback);
-                        harness.command = vec![binary.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                    } else {
-                        let fallback = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
-                        if fallback.exists() {
-                            harness.command = vec![fallback.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
                 Err(build_sandbox::BuildError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts }) => {
                     return Err(RunError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts });
@@ -403,15 +428,8 @@ pub fn run_spec(spec: &HarnessSpec, opts: &SandboxOptions) -> Result<RunOutcome,
             // loader would otherwise miss `/lib*`.
             match build_sandbox::prepare_c(spec, &harness.workdir, opts.process_hardening) {
                 Ok(build_result) => {
-                    let binary = build_result.venv_path.join("nyx_harness");
+                    let fallback = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
-                    if binary.exists() {
+                    stage_native_harness_command(&mut harness, &build_result.venv_path, fallback);
-                        harness.command = vec![binary.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                    } else {
-                        let fallback = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
-                        if fallback.exists() {
-                            harness.command = vec![fallback.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
                 Err(build_sandbox::BuildError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts }) => {
                     return Err(RunError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts });
@@ -423,15 +441,8 @@ pub fn run_spec(spec: &HarnessSpec, opts: &SandboxOptions) -> Result<RunOutcome,
             // Compile the harness binary with `c++ -o nyx_harness main.cpp`.
             match build_sandbox::prepare_cpp(spec, &harness.workdir) {
                 Ok(build_result) => {
-                    let binary = build_result.venv_path.join("nyx_harness");
+                    let fallback = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
-                    if binary.exists() {
+                    stage_native_harness_command(&mut harness, &build_result.venv_path, fallback);
-                        harness.command = vec![binary.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                    } else {
-                        let fallback = harness.workdir.join("nyx_harness");
-                        if fallback.exists() {
-                            harness.command = vec![fallback.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
                 Err(build_sandbox::BuildError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts }) => {
                     return Err(RunError::BuildFailed { stderr, attempts });

tests/go_fixtures.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ mod common;
 mod go_fixture_tests {
     use crate::common::fixture_harness::FIXTURE_LOCK;
     use nyx_scanner::commands::scan::Diag;
+    use nyx_scanner::dynamic::sandbox::SandboxBackend;
     use nyx_scanner::dynamic::verify::{VerifyOptions, verify_finding};
     use nyx_scanner::evidence::{
         Confidence, Evidence, FlowStep, FlowStepKind, InconclusiveReason, UnsupportedReason,
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ mod go_fixture_tests {
         }
 
         let diag = make_diag(&path, func, cap, sink_line);
-        let opts = VerifyOptions::default();
+        let mut opts = VerifyOptions::default();
+        opts.sandbox.backend = SandboxBackend::Process;
         let result = verify_finding(&diag, &opts);
 
         unsafe {