description: Write and refine semantic sources and knowledge pages.
---
After building context through scanning and ingestion, you'll want to refine it — edit semantic sources to match your business logic, add knowledge pages that capture tribal knowledge, and query your data through the semantic layer to verify everything works.
Semantic sources are YAML files that describe your tables, columns, measures, and joins. They're the core of the context layer — the structured definitions that agents use to generate correct SQL.
| `--execute` | Execute the query against the database |
| `--max-rows <n>` | Maximum rows to return when executing |
| `--include-empty` | Include empty/null rows in results |
The query planner is grain-aware — it understands the cardinality of joins and avoids chasm traps (double-counting caused by many-to-many fan-outs). When you query measures that span multiple sources, KTX generates sub-queries at the correct grain before joining.
If validation fails, fix the YAML before asking an agent to use the source. Common validation failures are missing columns, invalid join targets, and measure expressions that reference fields outside the source.
Knowledge pages are Markdown files that capture business context — definitions, rules, gotchas, and anything an agent needs to understand beyond what the schema tells it.
### What they are
When an agent asks "what counts as an active user?" or "why do revenue numbers differ between the dashboard and the SQL query?", the answer isn't in the schema. It's tribal knowledge that lives in Slack threads, Notion pages, or someone's head. Knowledge pages make that context searchable and available to agents.
### Organization
Knowledge pages are organized by scope:
```
knowledge/
├── global/ # Cross-cutting definitions
│ ├── order-status-definitions.md
│ ├── revenue-recognition-rules.md
│ └── data-freshness-sla.md
└── user/
└── local/ # User-scoped context
├── schema-conventions.md
└── known-data-issues.md
```
- **Global pages** apply across all connections — business definitions, metric standards, company terminology.
- **User-scoped pages** are private to a user ID — personal notes, local gotchas, or context you do not want shared globally.
Search uses both full-text matching and semantic similarity — it finds relevant pages even when the exact terms don't match. Agents call this automatically when they need business context to answer a question.
5. Search again with the user's likely wording to confirm the page is discoverable.
## Common errors
| Error or symptom | Likely cause | Recovery |
|------------------|--------------|----------|
| `ktx sl validate` reports a missing column | YAML references a column that is absent from the scanned table | Run a fresh scan or update the YAML to match the warehouse schema |
| Query compilation double-counts a measure | Join relationship or grain is missing or wrong | Add `grain` and explicit `relationship` values, then validate and recompile |
| Agent cannot find a metric | Measure name or description does not match business terminology | Add a measure description and a knowledge page with common synonyms |
| Knowledge search misses a page | Summary and tags do not include likely user wording | Rewrite the summary and add relevant tags, then search again |
| Semantic-layer changes are hard to review | The YAML edit is too large or unfocused | Split the change into smaller source-file edits, then review the git diff |
