factbook.json/middle-east/ym.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "North Yemen became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to delineate their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and the Huthis, a Zaydi Shia minority, began in 2004 and has since resulted in six rounds of fighting that ended in early 2010 with a cease-fire. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2008. Public rallies in Sana'a against then President SALIH - inspired by similar demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt - slowly built momentum starting in late January 2011 fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. By the following month, some protests had resulted in violence, and the demonstrations had spread to other major cities. By March the opposition had hardened its demands and was unifying behind calls for SALIH's immediate ouster. In in late April 2011. the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in an attempt to mediate the crisis in Yemen, proposed the GGC Initiative, an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH's refusal to sign an agreement led to further violence. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 2014 in October 2011 calling for an end to the violence and completing a power transfer deal. In late November 2011, SALIH signed the GCC Initiative to step down and to transfer some of his powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. Following HADI's election victory in February 2012, SALIH formally transferred his powers. In accordance with the GCC initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue Conference (NDC) in March 2013 to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues. HADI concluded the NDC in January 2014. Subsequent steps in the transition process include constitutional drafting, a constitutional referendum, and national elections. Since the Arab Awakening in 2011, the Huthis have expanded their influence, culminating in a major offensive against military units and tribes affiliated with their Yemeni rivals and enabling their forces to overrun the capital, Sana'a, in September 2014. In January 2015, the Huthis attacked the presidential palace and President HADI's residence and surrounded key government facilities, prompting HADI and the cabinet to submit their resignations. HADI fled to Aden, and in late February he rescinded his resignation. He subsequently escaped to Saudi Arabia and asked the GCC to intervene militarily in Yemen to protect the legitimate government from the Huthis. In late March, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia launched Operation Decisive Storm, a series of airstrikes against Huthi and Huthi-affiliated forces. In late April, the Saudi Government announced completion of the operation and initiated Operation Restoring Hope, which focuses on humanitarian aid and a return to political dialogue. As of late April 2015, the Huthis controlled much of western Yemen."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "15 00 N, 48 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Middle East"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "527,968 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "527,968 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "almost four times the size of Alabama; slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming",
      "Area comparison map": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,601 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Oman 294 km, Saudi Arabia 1,307 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "1,906 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula"
    },
    "Elevation extremes": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Arabian Sea 0 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "44.5% ++ arable land 2.2%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 41.7%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "1%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "54.5% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "6,801 sq km (2004)"
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "2.1 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.57  cu km/yr (7%/2%/91%)"
      },
      "per capita": {
        "text": "162.4  cu m/yr (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "sandstorms and dust storms in summer",
      "volcanism": {
        "text": "limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (elev. 244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, erupted in 2007 after awakening from dormancy; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century"
      }
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Yemeni(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Yemeni"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Arabic (official)",
      "note": {
        "text": "a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen"
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2010 est.)",
      "religious affiliation": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Population": {
      "text": "26,737,317 (July 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "41.09% (male 5,588,316/female 5,399,365)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "21.12% (male 2,865,453/female 2,782,109)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "31.33% (male 4,280,258/female 4,096,280)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "3.79% (male 468,869/female 543,336)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "2.67% (male 330,966/female 382,365) (2015 est.)"
      },
      "population pyramid": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "75.6%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "70.7%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "4.9%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "20.4% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "18.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "18.8 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "19 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "2.47% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "29.98 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "34.6% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "4.03% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "SANAA (capital) 2.962 million; Aden 882,000 (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.87 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "48.93 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "53.14 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "44.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "65.18 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "63.05 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "67.41 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "3.91 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "27.7% (2006)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "5.4% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2010)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 72% of population ++ rural: 46.5% of population ++ total: 54.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 28% of population ++ rural: 53.5% of population ++ total: 45.1% of population (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 92.5% of population ++ rural: 34.1% of population ++ total: 53.3% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 7.5% of population ++ rural: 65.9% of population ++ total: 46.7% of population (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "0.05% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "7,200 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "300 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and malaria"
      },
      "water contact disease": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "14.2% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "35.5% (2011)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "4.6% of GDP (2008)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "70.1%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "85.1%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "55% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "8 years (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "1,334,288"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "23% (2006 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "33.7%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "26%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "74% (2010 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Yemen"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Yemen"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Al Yaman"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Sanaa"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "15 21 N, 44 12 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "21 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) and 1 municipality*; Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City)*, 'Amran, Arkhabil Suqutra (Socotra Archipelago), Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Unification Day, 22 May (1990)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification); amended several times, last in 2009; note - between March 2014 and January 2015, a presidentially formed Constitutional Drafting Committee drafted a new constitution and President Hadi reviewed it; the draft was slated for final revision by the National Authority, followed by a national referendum; however, with the resignation of the government in late January 2015, constitutional formation has been stalled (2015)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (since 21 February 2012); note - President HADI submitted his resignation in late January 2015, but Parliament did not convene to accept it; he later rescinded his resignation and remains the internationally recognized President of Yemen; he fled to Saudi Arabia in late March 2015 but returned in September after government loyalist forces aided by a Saudi-led coalition regained control of Aden from Huthi rebels in July"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Khalid Mahfuz BAHAH; note - BAHAH submitted his resignation in late January 2015, but Parliament did not convene to accept it; BAHAH later rescinded his resignation and remains prime minister; on 13 April he was named vice president, but continues to be the prime minister; he returned to Yemen from weeks of exile in Saudi Arabia on the 16 September 2015"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "appointed by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); last election held on 21 February 2012 (next election NA); note - a special election held on 21 February 2012 to remove Ali Abdallah SALIH under the terms of a Gulf Cooperation Council-mediated deal during the political crisis of 2011; vice president appointed by the president; prime minister appointed by the president"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (GPC) elected as a consensus president with about 50% popular participation; no other candidates"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament or Majlis consists of the Shura Council or Majlis Alshoora (111 seats; members appointed by the president; member tenure NA) and the House of Representatives or Majlis al Nuwaab (301 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 27 April 2003 (next scheduled for April 2009 but postponed indefinitely)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "House of Representatives percent of vote by party - GPC 58%, Islah 22.6%, YSP 3.8%, Unionist Party 1.9%, other 13.7%; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 46, YSP 8, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independent 4"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the president of the Court, 2 deputies, and nearly 50 judges; court organized into constitutional, civil, commercial, family, administrative, criminal, military, and appeals scrutiny divisions)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council, chaired by the president of the republic and consisting of 10 high-ranking judicial officers; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "appeal courts; district or first instance courts; commercial courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party ++ General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH] ++ Nasserite Unionist Popular Organization [Abdallah NU'MAN] ++ Yemeni Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abdallah al-YADUMI, Abdul Wahab al-ANSI] ++ Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Dr. Abd al-Rahman Umar al-SAQQAF]"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Houthis ++ Muslim Brotherhood ++ Women National Committee",
      "other": {
        "text": "conservative tribal groups; southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (temporarily suspended), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Ahmed Awad AHMED bin Mubarak (since 3 August 2015)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 965-4760"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 337-2017"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "note": {
        "text": "US embassy operations suspended on 10 February 2015 amid growing violence; in March 2015, a team of US diplomats established the Yemen Affairs Unit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
      },
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Matthew H. TUELLER (since 10 June 2014)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Sa'awan Street, Sanaa"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[967] (1) 755-2000 ext. 2153 or 2266"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[967] (1) 303-182"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)",
      "note": {
        "text": "similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, and of Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band"
      }
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "golden eagle; national colors: red, white, black"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"al-qumhuriyatu l-muttahida\" (United Republic)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Abdullah Abdulwahab NOA'MAN/Ayyoab Tarish ABSI"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1990; the music first served as the anthem for South Yemen before unification with North Yemen in 1990"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Yemen is a low-income country that is highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Oil and gas revenues account for roughly 25% of GDP and 65% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counter the effects of its declining oil resources and continuing attacks on its oil pipelines by diversifying its economy through a 2006 reform program that was designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010, the international community established the Friends of Yemen group that aimed to support Yemen's efforts toward economic and political reform. In 2012, the Friends of Yemen pledged nearly $7 billion in assistance to Yemen. The Yemeni Government also endorsed a Mutual Accountability Framework to facilitate the efficient implementation of donor aid. The unrest that began in early 2011 caused GDP to plunge almost 11% in that year. Progress toward achieving stability has been slow and uneven. Yemen continues to face difficult long-term challenges, including declining water resources, high unemployment, severe food scarcity, and a high population growth rate. The Yemeni Government regularly faces annual budget shortfalls. In July 2014, the government eliminated some fuel subsidies that accounted for approximately 25% of government spending in 2013; and in August 2014, the IMF approved a three-year, $570 million Extended Credit Facility for Yemen. Deteriorating security restricts economic growth and the provision of government services."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$103.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $103.8 billion (2013 est.) ++ $99.05 billion (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$43.23 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.2% (2014 est.) ++ 4.8% (2013 est.) ++ 2.4% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$3,800 (2014 est.) ++ $3,800 (2013 est.) ++ $3,600 (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "6.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "70.6%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "15.7%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "19.6%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "4%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "18.5%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-28.5% ++  (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "9.2%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "26.8%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "64% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "-1.5% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "7.262 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "note": {
        "text": "most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "27% (2014 est.) ++ 35% (2003 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "54% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "2.9%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "30.8% (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "37.7 (2005) ++ 33.4 (1998)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$10.26 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$14.34 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "22.6% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "51% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 49.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "8.2% (2014 est.) ++ 11% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "20% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 22% (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$5.845 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.196 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$16.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $14.04 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$14.61 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $12.17 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$681 million (2014 est.) ++ -$1.422 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$7.041 billion (2014 est.) ++ $8.136 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "China 28.3%, South Korea 23%, Thailand 11.2%, Japan 8.1%, UAE 5.3% (2014)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$10.39 billion (2014 est.) ++ $11 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "China 15.9%, UAE 14%, India 9.6%, Saudi Arabia 6.6%, Kuwait 5%, Turkey 4.6% (2014)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$4.688 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.349 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$8.002 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.708 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - ++ 214.9 (2014 est.) ++ 214.89 (2013 est.) ++ 214.35 (2012 est.) ++ 213.8 (2011 est.) ++ 219.59 (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "6.185 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "3.838 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "1.535 million kW (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "125,100 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "43,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "3 billion bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "27,840 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "134,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "20,840 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "110,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "10.3 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "700 million cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "9.6 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "478.5 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "21.28 million Mt (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "1.17 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "4 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17.1 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "66 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti (2006)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed (2007)"
    },
    "Radio broadcast stations": {
      "text": "AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)"
    },
    "Television broadcast stations": {
      "text": "3 (including one Egypt-based station that broadcasts in Yemen); plus several repeaters (2007)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".ye"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "19.1% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "57 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "9"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "40"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "5"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "7"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "16"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": " ++ 9 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 641 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,370 km (2013)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "71,300 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "6,200 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "65,100 km (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1"
      },
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "14 (Moldova 4, Panama 4, Sierra Leone 2, Togo 1, unknown 3) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla"
      }
    },
    "Transportation - note": {
      "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and cargo are held for ransom; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators reduced the incidence of piracy in that body of water"
    }
  },
  "Military": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Land Forces, Naval and Coastal Defense Forces (includes Marines), Air and Air Defense Force (al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Yemeniya), Border Guards, Strategic Reserve Forces (2013)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 2-year service obligation (2012)"
    },
    "Manpower available for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "5,652,256"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "5,387,160 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower fit for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "4,056,944"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "4,116,895 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
      "male": {
        "text": "287,141"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "277,612 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "4.02% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.48% of GDP (2011) ++ 4.02% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": ""
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees (country of origin)": {
        "text": "5,934 (Ethiopia) (2014); 246,648 (Somalia) (2015)"
      },
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "2,305,048 (conflict in Sa'ada governorate; clashes between AQAP and government forces) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "current situation": {
        "text": "Yemen is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; some Yemeni children, mostly boys, migrate to Yemeni cities or across the border to Saudi Arabia and, less frequently Oman, where they end up as beggars, prostitutes, or forced laborers in domestic service or small shops; other Yemeni children were recruited as combatants or checkpoint guards by armed groups and continues to be used in the government’s military forces; Yemen is also a source country for girls sex trafficked within country or to Saudi Arabia; thousands of Yemeni migrant workers deported from Saudi Arabia and Syrian refugees are vulnerable to trafficking; additionally, Yemen is a destination and transit country for women and children from the Horn of Africa who are looking for work or receive fraudulent job offers in the Gulf states but are subjected to sexual exploitation or forced labor upon arrival; reports indicate that adults and children are still sold or inherited as slaves in Yemen"
      },
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 3 – Yemen does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; prolonged political, economic, and security crises, as well as the continued conflation of trafficking and smuggling, impeded the government’s modest anti-trafficking efforts; authorities did not institute formal procedures to identify and protect trafficking victims in 2013, nor did they investigate or prosecute officials complicit in trafficking-related crimes; the government did not report efforts to investigate, prosecute, or convict trafficking offenses, and no known efforts were made to investigate or punish persons practicing chattel slavery; officials acknowledged the use of child soldiers and agreed to a UN action plan to eliminate it but did not make efforts to remove child soldiers from the military; draft anti-trafficking legislation still awaits parliamentary endorsement (2014)"
      }
    }
  }
}