factbook.json/europe/ez.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises the Czech Republic, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create \"socialism with a human face,\" ushering in a period of repression known as \"normalization.\" The peaceful \"Velvet Revolution\" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent \"velvet divorce\" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "49 45 N, 15 30 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Europe"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "78,867 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "77,247 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "1,620 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,143 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Austria 402 km, Germany 704 km, Poland 796 km, Slovakia 241 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country"
    },
    "Elevation extremes": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Labe (Elbe) River 115 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Snezka 1,602 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "54.8% ++ arable land 41%; permanent crops 1%; permanent pasture 12.8%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "34.4%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "10.8% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "385.3 sq km (2007)"
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "13.15 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1.7  cu km/yr (41%/56%/2%)"
      },
      "per capita": {
        "text": "164.7  cu m/yr (2009)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "flooding"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Czech(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Czech"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Czech 64.3%, Moravian 5%, Slovak 1.4%, other 1.8%, unspecified 27.5% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Czech (official) 95.4%, Slovak 1.6%, other 3% (2011 census)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 10.4%, Protestant (includes Czech Brethren and Hussite) 1.1%, other and unspecified 54%, none 34.5% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Population": {
      "text": "10,644,842 (July 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "15% (male 819,864/female 776,639)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "10.23% (male 559,108/female 529,598)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "43.7% (male 2,387,303/female 2,264,774)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "13.06% (male 673,060/female 717,296)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "18.01% (male 791,823/female 1,125,377) (2015 est.)"
      },
      "population pyramid": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "49.5%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "22.5%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "27%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "41.3 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "40 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "42.6 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.16% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "9.63 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "10.34 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "2.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "73% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.35% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "PRAGUE (capital) 1.314 million (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.94 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.7 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.97 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2.63 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "2.76 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "2.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "78.48 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "75.5 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "81.62 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.44 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "86.3%",
      "note": {
        "text": "percent of women aged 18-49 (2008)"
      }
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "7.2% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "3.71 physicians/1,000 population (2010)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "6.8 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 100% of population ++ rural: 100% of population ++ total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 0% of population ++ rural: 0% of population ++ total: 0% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 99.1% of population ++ rural: 99.2% of population ++ total: 99.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 0.9% of population ++ rural: 0.8% of population ++ total: 0.9% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "0.05% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "3,400 (2013 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "fewer than 100 (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "29.1% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "2% (2007)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "4.5% of GDP (2011)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "99%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "99%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "99% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "16 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "16 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "17 years (2012)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "19.5%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "19.9%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "19% (2012 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Czech Republic"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Czech Republic"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Ceska republika"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Cesko"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Prague"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "50 05 N, 14 28 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993; amended several times, last in 2013 (2013)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "birthright citizenship": {
        "text": ""
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": ""
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Milos ZEMAN (since 8 March 2013)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Bohuslav SOBOTKA (since 17 January 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister Andrej BABIS and Deputy Prime Minister Pavel BELOBRADEK (both since 29 January 2014)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); elections last held on 11-12 January 2013 with a runoff on 25-26 January 2013 (next to be held in January 2018); prime minister appointed by the president for a 5-year term"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Milos ZEMAN elected president; percent of popular vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 54.8%, Karel SCHWARZENBERG (TOP 09) 45.2%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "Senate - last held in two rounds on 10-11 and 17-18 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2016); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25-26 October 2013 (next to be held in 2017)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party/caucus as of 20 October 2015 - CSSD 33, ODS 14, KDU-CSL 11, STAN+TOP 09 6, KSCM+SPO+S.cz 6, ANO+S.cz 5, independent 6; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 20.5%, ANO 2011 18.7%, KSCM 14.9%, TOP 09 12%, ODS 7.7%, Usvit 6.9%, KDU-CSL 6.8% other 12.5%; seats by party - CSSD 50, ANO 2011 47, KSCM 33, TOP 09 26, ODS 16, Usvit 14, KDU-CSL 14"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 28 judges)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; judge term NA"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "High Court; superior, regional, and district courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "parties in parliament": {
        "text": "ANO 2011 [Andrej BABIS] ++ Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK] ++ Citizens for Budejovice or HOPB [Juraj THOMA] ++ Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA] ++ Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP] ++ Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA] ++ Dawn of Direct Democracy or Usvit [Tomio OKAMURA] ++ Green Party or SZ [Jana DRAPALOVA] ++ Mayors and Independents or STAN [Martin PUTA] ++ Mayors for Liberec Region or SLK [Marek PIETER] ++ North Bohemians or S.cz [Bronislav SCHWARZ] ++ Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Jan VELEBA] ++ Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Karel SCHWARZENBERG]"
      },
      "parties outside parliament": {
        "text": "Czech Pirate Party [Lukas CERNOHORSKY] ++ Free Citizens Party or Svobodni [Petr MACH] ++ Liberal Reform Party or Ostravak [Eva SCHWARZOVA]"
      }
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Josef STREDULA]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Petr GANDALOVIC (since 23 May 2011)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 274-9100"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 966-8540"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Andrew H. SCHAPIRO (since 30 September 2014)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Trziste 15, 118 01 Prague 1 - Mala Strana"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "use embassy street address"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[420] 257 022 000"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[420] 257 022 809"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side",
      "note": {
        "text": "is identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia"
      }
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "double-tailed lion; national colors: white, red, blue"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Kde domov muj?\" (Where is My Home?)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music to the play \"Fidlovacka\" (1834), it soon became very popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, while the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "The Czech Republic is a stable and prosperous market economy closely integrated with the EU, especially since the country's EU accession in 2004. The auto industry is the largest single industry, and, together with its upstream suppliers, accounts for nearly 24% of Czech manufacturing. The Czech Republic produced more than a million cars for the first time in 2010, over 80% of which were exported. While the conservative, inward-looking Czech financial system has remained relatively healthy, the small, open, export-driven Czech economy remains sensitive to changes in the economic performance of its main export markets, especially Germany. When Western Europe and Germany fell into recession in late 2008, demand for Czech goods plunged, leading to double digit drops in industrial production and exports. As a result, real GDP fell sharply in 2009. The economy slowly recovered in the second half of 2009 and registered weak growth in the next two years. In 2012 and 2013, however, the economy fell into a recession again, due both to a slump in external demand in the EU and to the government’s austerity measures, returning to weak growth in 2014. Foreign and domestic businesses alike voice concerns about corruption, especially in public procurement. Other long term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$314.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $308.3 billion (2013 est.) ++ $310.5 billion (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$205.7 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "2% (2014 est.) ++ -0.7% (2013 est.) ++ -0.8% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$29,900 (2014 est.) ++ $29,300 (2013 est.) ++ $29,500 (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "25.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 24.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 24.8% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "48.2%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "19.2%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "25%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.4%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "84.5%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-77.2% ++  (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "2.6%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "37.4%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "60% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "5.416 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "2.6%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "37.4%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "60% (2012)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "7.9% (2014 est.) ++ 7.7% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "8.6% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1.5%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "29.1% (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "24.9 (2012) ++ 25.4 (1996)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$81.98 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$85.32 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "41% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "43.5% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 45.7% of GDP (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "0.4% (2014 est.) ++ 1.4% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "0.05% (31 December 2013) ++ 0.05% (31 December 2012)",
      "note": {
        "text": "this is the two-week repo, the main rate CNB uses"
      }
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "4.7% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 4.97% (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$126.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $126.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$152.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $155.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$131.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $137.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$54.92 billion (30 December 3013 est.) ++ $59.88 billion (28 December 2012) ++ $53.2 billion (30 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "$1.266 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$2.853 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$147.3 billion (2014 est.) ++ $135.6 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, fuel, chemicals"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Germany 32.4%, Slovakia 8.4%, Poland 6%, UK 5.1%, France 5.1%, Austria 4.4% (2014)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$135.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $126 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Germany 30.2%, Poland 8.5%, Slovakia 6.8%, China 6.2%, Netherlands 5.7%, Austria 4.2% (2014)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$59.15 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $56.22 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$125.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $137.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$140.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $136 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
      "text": "$22.38 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $21.38 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar - ++ 20.63 (2014 est.) ++ 19.571 (2013 est.) ++ 19.59 (2012 est.) ++ 17.696 (2011 est.) ++ 19.098 (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "81.86 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "60.55 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "27.46 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "10.57 billion kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "20.21 million kW (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "55.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "18.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "5.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "14.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "3,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "464.4 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "131,300 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "15 million bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "152,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "201,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "37,680 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "70,010 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "245 million cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "7.508 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "1 million cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "7.249 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "4.276 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "91.15 million Mt (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "1.89 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "18 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "14 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "131 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; virtually all exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s, but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s, and the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "roughly 130 TV broadcasters operating some 350 channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder in private hands; 16 TV stations have national coverage with 4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; 63 radio broadcasters are registered operating roughly 80 radio stations with 15 stations publicly operated; 10 radio stations provide national coverage with the remainder local or regional (2008)"
    },
    "Radio broadcast stations": {
      "text": "AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)"
    },
    "Television broadcast stations": {
      "text": "71 (2008)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".cz"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8.2 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "77.5% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "128 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "41"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "9"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "12"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "16 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "87"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "25"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": " ++ 61 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 7,160 km; oil 536 km; refined products 94 km (2013)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9,621.5 km"
      },
      "standard gauge": {
        "text": "9,519.5 km 1.435-m gauge (3,240.5 km electrified)"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "102 km 0.760-m gauge (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "130,661 km (includes urban roads)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "130,661 km (includes 730 km of expressways) (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2010)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "river port(s)": {
        "text": "Prague (Vltava); Decin, Usti nad Labem (Elbe)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Army of the Czech Republic (Armada Ceske Republiky): General Staff (Generalni Stab; includes Land Forces (Pozemni Sily) and Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily)) (2015)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)"
    },
    "Manpower available for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,506,826"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,407,634 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower fit for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,072,267"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,988,839 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
      "male": {
        "text": "49,999"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "47,501 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "1.04% of GDP (2015) ++ 1.08% of GDP (2014) ++ 1.06% of GDP (2013) ++ 1.13% of GDP (2012) ++ 1.15% of GDP (2011)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the popular Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the EU unless Prague closes its controversial Soviet-style nuclear plant in Temelin, bordering Austria"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "stateless persons": {
        "text": "1,502 (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy (2008)"
    }
  }
}