factbook.json/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and by potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, Vietnam. China has occupied all the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. China built a military installation on Woody Island with an airfield and artificial harbor, and has scattered garrisons on some of the other islands. The Paracel islands also are claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "16 30 N, 112 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Southeast Asia"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8 sq km ca."
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "7.75 sq km ca."
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "land area is about 13 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "518 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly low and flat"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "South China Sea 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "none"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "other": {
        "text": "100% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "0 sq km (2022)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "a population of over 1,000 Chinese resides on Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "typhoons"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "composed of 130 small coral islands and reefs divided into the northeast Amphitrite Group and the western Crescent Group"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "1,440 (July 2014 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Chinese activity has increased in recent years, particularly on Woody Island, where the population exceeds 1,000; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.75% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "a population of over 1,000 Chinese resides on Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: NA"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "NA"
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "China's use of dredged sand and coral to build artificial islands harms reef systems; ongoing human activities, including military operations, infrastructure construction, and tourism endangers local ecosystem including birds, fish, marine mammals, and marine reptiles"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "other": {
        "text": "100% (2018 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Paracel Islands"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Portuguese navigators began to refer to the \"Ilhas do Pracel\" in the 16th century as a designation of low lying islets, sandbanks, and reefs scattered over a wide area; over time the name changed to \"parcel\" and then \"paracel\""
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "1 (2021)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "civil airports": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "military airports": {
        "text": "1 (controlled by China)"
      },
      "joint use (civil-military) airports": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)<br><strong>note 2:</strong> controlled by China"
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "text": "small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island"
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "occupied by China, which is assessed to maintain 20 outposts in the Paracels (Antelope, Bombay, and North reefs; Drummond, Duncan, Lincoln, Middle, Money, North, Pattle, Quanfu, Robert, South, Tree, Triton, Woody, and Yagong islands; South Sand and West Sand; Observation Bank); the outposts range in size from one or two buildings to bases with significant military infrastructure; Woody Island is the main base in the Paracels and includes an airstrip with fighter aircraft hangers, naval facilities, surveillance radars, and defenses such as surface-to-air missiles and anti-ship cruise missiles; fighter aircraft have deployed to the island (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p><em>Paracel Islands-China-Taiwan-Vietnam</em>: occupied by China, also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam</p>"
    }
  }
}