factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Piracy thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries because of The Bahamas close proximity to shipping lanes. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management, which comprise up to 85% of GDP. Because of its proximity to the US - the nearest Bahamian landmass being only 80 km (50 mi) from Florida - the country is a major transshipment point for illicit trafficking, particularly to the US mainland, as well as Europe. US law enforcement agencies cooperate closely with The Bahamas, and the US Coast Guard assists Bahamian authorities in maritime security and law enforcement through Operation Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, or OPBAT."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often designated as a Caribbean nation"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "24 15 N, 76 00 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13,880 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "10,010 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "3,870 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "3,542 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "1.3 km NE of Old Bight on Cat Island 64 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "51.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "358,508 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Bahamian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Bahamian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 90.6%, White 4.7%, mixed 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by racial group"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Brethren 1.6%, other Protestant .9%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, none 1.9%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "21.37% (male 38,851/female 37,765)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "68.8% (male 122,134/female 124,530)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "9.83% (2023 est.) (male 13,922/female 21,306)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "39.3"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "27.3"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "11.9"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "8.4 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "32.8 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "31.7 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "34 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.8% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "14.49 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.47 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "83.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.98 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.65 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "77 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "12.52 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "12.96 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "12.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76.38 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "73.47 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "79.38 years (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.97 children born/woman (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.97 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 1.1% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "7.6% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "1.94 physicians/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "3 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 1.8% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "31.6% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "3.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "1.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "4.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10.6% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "18.8% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "2.4% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "38.9% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "30.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "27.5%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "1.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "51.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "47.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "83.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "17.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "1.79 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.23 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "264,000 tons (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Commonwealth of The Bahamas"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "The Bahamas"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name derives from the Spanish \"baha mar,\" meaning \"shallow sea,\" which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy&nbsp;under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Nassau"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "25 05 N, 77 21 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "named after William III (1650-1702), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, who was a member of the House of Nassau"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "10 July 1973 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 10 July (1973)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1964 (preindependence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed as an \"Act\" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2016"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "common law system based on the English model"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of The Bahamas"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "6-9 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Cornelius A. SMITH (since 28 June 2019)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Philip DAVIS (since 17 September 2021)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 9 selected on the advice of the prime minister, 4 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party, and 3 on the advice of the prime minister in consultation with the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)<br>House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "<br>Senate - last appointments on 24 May 2017 (next appointments in 2022)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<br>Senate - appointed; composition as of March 2022 - men 12, women 4, percent of women 25%<br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition as of March 2022 - men 32, women 7, percent of women 18%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time"
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and a maximum of 11 and a minimum of 2 justices)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal president and Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition party; other Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body headed by the chief justice; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 68 but can be extended until age 70; Supreme Court justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65 but can be extended until age 67"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Industrial Tribunal; Stipendiary and Magistrates' Courts; Family Island Administrators"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> The Bahamas is a member of the 15-member Caribbean Community but is not party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as its highest appellate court;  the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for The Bahamas"
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Arinthia KOMOLAFE]<br>Free National Movement or FNM [Michael PINTARD]<br>Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Philip \"Brave\" DAVIS]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Wendall Kermith JONES (since 19 April 2022)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "600 New Hampshire Ave NW, Suite 530, Washington, DC 20037"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 319-2660"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 319-2668"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>embassy@bahamasembdc.org<br><br>https://www.bahamasembdc.org/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Atlanta, Miami, New York, Washington, DC"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Usha E. PITTS (since 1 January 2021)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "42 Queen Street, Nassau"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (242) 322-1181"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (242) 356-7174"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>acsnassau@state.gov<br><br>https://bs.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "blue marlin, flamingo, Yellow Elder flower; national colors: aquamarine, yellow, black"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"March On, Bahamaland!\""
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Timothy GIBSON"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the King\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "high-income tourism and financial services economy; major income inequality; strong US bilateral relations; several tax relief programs; targeted investment in agriculture, energy, light manufacturing, and technology industries"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$12.323 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
        "text": "$10.836 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$14.225 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "13.72% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
        "text": "-23.82% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
        "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$30,200 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
        "text": "$26,700 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$35,200 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$12.16 billion (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "2.9% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
        "text": "0.04% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
        "text": "2.49% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "Ba2 (2020)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "BB- (2020)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "7.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "90% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "68% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "13% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "26.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "33.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-41.8% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugar cane, grapefruit, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, poultry, tropical fruit, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "8.51% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "224,400 (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "3%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "11%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "49%"
      },
      "tourism": {
        "text": "37% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "13.24% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2020": {
        "text": "13.32% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2019": {
        "text": "10.06% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "30.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "27.5%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "35.6% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "9.3% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "22% (2007 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$2.087 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$2.899 billion (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2020": {
        "text": "84.45% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2019": {
        "text": "57.05% of GDP (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2018": {
        "text": "56.78% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "19.16% (of GDP) (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "1 July - 30 June"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$2.592 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2020": {
        "text": "-$2.373 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2019": {
        "text": "-$345.481 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$3.202 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$1.65 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$5.164 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports."
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 26%, Germany 16%, Singapore 13%, Poland 13%, Thailand 9% (2021)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, ships, aluminum, lobsters and crawfish, styrene polymers (2021)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Bahamian cannabis production remains a significant illicit trade export"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$4.924 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      },
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$3.411 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$4.84 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 37%, South Korea 12%, Germany 9%, China 7%, Russia 6% (2021)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, ships, aircraft, crude petroleum, floating docks (2021)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
        "text": "$2.433 billion (31 December 2021 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
        "text": "$2.382 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
        "text": "$1.758 billion (31 December 2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 31 December 2013": {
        "text": "$17.56 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 31 December 2012": {
        "text": "$16.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "1 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "1 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "1 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2018": {
        "text": "1 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "1 (2017 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "578,000 kW (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "2,103,248,000 kWh (2019 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2019 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "245,000 kWh (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "99.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "nuclear": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "tide and wave": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "geothermal": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2021 est.)"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "25,800 bbl/day (2019 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate exports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate imports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil estimated reserves": {
        "text": "0 barrels (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "19,150 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "4.417 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "4.417 million cubic meters (2019 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "3.984 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "3.976 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "7,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": {
        "text": "140.505 million Btu/person (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "91,000 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "22 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "466,000 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "115 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "22 per 100 fixed-line, 115 per 100 mobile-cellular (2020)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-242; landing points for the ARCOS-1, BICS, Bahamas 2-US, and BDSN fiber-optic submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2; the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links all of the major islands; (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "The Bahamas has 4 major TV providers that provide service to all major islands in the archipelago; 1 TV station is operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB) and competes freely with&nbsp;4 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is widely available; there are 32 licensed broadcast (radio) service providers,&nbsp;31 are privately owned FM radio stations operating on New Providence, Grand Bahama Island, Abaco Island, and on smaller islands in the country; the BCB operates a multi-channel radio broadcasting network that has national coverage; the sector is regulated by the Utilities Regulation and Competition Authority (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".bs"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "385,400 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "94% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "83,000 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "21 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "5 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "35"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1,197,116 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "160,000 (2018) mt-km"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "C6"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "54 (2021)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24"
      },
      "civil airports": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "military airports": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "joint use (civil-military) airports": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "other airports": {
        "text": "21"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "text": "37",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2021)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,700 km (2011)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "1,620 km (2011)"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "1,080 km (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,307"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 337, container ship 40, general cargo 63, oil tanker 213, other 654 (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point"
      },
      "cruise port(s)": {
        "text": "Freeport, Half Moon Cay, Nassau"
      },
      "container port(s) (TEUs)": {
        "text": "Freeport (1,642,780) (2021)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Royal Bahamas Defense Force (RBDF): includes land, air, maritime elements; Royal Bahamas Police Force (RBPF) (2023)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the RBPF maintains internal security; both the RBDF and the RBPF report to the minister of national security"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2022": {
        "text": "0.8% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "0.9% of GDP (2021)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2018": {
        "text": "0.7% of GDP (2018)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "approximately 1,500 active RBDF personnel (2022)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory is supplied by the Netherlands (2023)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription (2022)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "established in 1980; the RBDF's primary responsibilities are disaster relief, maritime security, and counter-narcotics operations; it also provides security at a detention center for migrants and performs some domestic security functions, such as guarding embassies; the RBDF is a naval force, but includes a lightly-armed marine infantry/commando squadron for base and internal security, as well as a few light non-combat aircraft; the maritime element has coastal patrol craft and patrol boats; the RBDF maintains training relationships with the UK and the US (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p><em>The Bahamas-US (Maritime Boundary):</em> In declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation, The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors, The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation.  However, The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors, including the United States, whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island.</p>"
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>a transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; small scale illicit production of marijuana continues</p>"
    }
  }
}