factbook.json/south-america/uy.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "<p>The Spanish founded the city of Montevideo in modern-day Uruguay in 1726 as a military stronghold, and it soon became an important commercial center due to its natural harbor. Argentina initially claimed Uruguay, but Brazil annexed the country in 1821. Uruguay declared its independence in 1825 and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros (or Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros) launched in the late 1960s and pushed Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By year-end, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio (FA) Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control by the Colorado and National (Blanco) parties. The left-of-center coalition retained the presidency and control of both chambers of congress until 2019. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the South American continent.</p>"
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "33 00 S, 56 00 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "South America"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "176,215 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "175,015 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "1,200 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about the size of Virginia and West Virginia combined; slightly smaller than the state of Washington"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,591 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Argentina 541 km; Brazil 1,050 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "660 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200 nm or the edge of continental margin"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Cerro Catedral 514 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "109 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fish"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "87.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 76.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "10.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "2,380 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "salt water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Lagoa Mirim (shared with Brazil) - 2,970 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Major rivers (by length in km)": {
      "text": "Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Argentina, Paraguay) - 4,880 km; Uruguay river mouth (shared with Brazil [s] and Argentina) - 1,610 km<br><strong>note</strong> – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth"
    },
    "Major aquifers": {
      "text": "Guarani Aquifer System"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3,425,330"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "1,660,132"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1,765,198 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Uruguayan(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Uruguayan"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "White 87.7%, Black 4.6%, Indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent primary ethnic identity"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "Spanish (official, Rioplatense is the most widely spoken dialect)"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 36.5%, Protestant 5% (Evangelical (non-specific) 4.6%, Adventist 0.2%, Protestant (non-specific) 0.3%), African American Cults/Umbanda 2.8%, Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.2%, other 1%, Believer (not belonging to the church) 1.8%, agnostic 0.3%, atheist 1.3%, none 47.3%, unspecified 3.4%<br><br>Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 15%, other 6%, agnostic 3%, atheist 10%, unspecified 24% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Demographic profile": {
      "text": "<p>Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Caribbean where the entire population has access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. Remittances from the roughly 18% of Uruguayans abroad amount to less than 1 percent of national GDP. The emigration of young adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly.</p><p>In the 1960s, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of more than a decade of military dictatorship. Economic crises in the early 1980s and 2002 also triggered waves of emigration, but since 2002 more than 70% of Uruguayan emigrants have selected the US and Spain as destinations because of better job prospects. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in 1828 and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the country has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs.</p>"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "18.9% (male 329,268/female 317,925)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "65.4% (male 1,112,622/female 1,128,418)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "15.7% (2024 est.) (male 218,242/female 318,855)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "53.6"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "29.9"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "23.7"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "4.2 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "36.5 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "34.9 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "38.2 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.26% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "12.6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "95.8% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "1.774 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2023)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.68 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "19 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "9.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "78.9 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "75.8 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "82.1 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.86 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "79.6% (2015)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> percent of women aged 15-44"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "9.2% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "4.94 physicians/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "2.4 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 99.2% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 99.6% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 0.4% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.8% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "27.9% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "1.86 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "2.86 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "0.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "21.5% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "24.4% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "18.5% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "1.8% (2018)"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "55.4% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "98.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "98.5%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "99% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "19 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "20 years (2019)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "water pollution from meat packing, tannery industries; heavy metal pollution; inadequate solid and hazardous waste disposal; deforestation"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "87.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 76.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "10.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "2.6% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "95.8% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "1.56% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "8.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "6.77 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "25.59 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "1,260,140 tons (2012 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "100,811 tons (2011 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "8% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "salt water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Lagoa Mirim (shared with Brazil) - 2,970 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Major rivers (by length in km)": {
      "text": "Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Argentina, Paraguay) - 4,880 km; Uruguay river mouth (shared with Brazil [s] and Argentina) - 1,610 km<br><strong>note</strong> – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth"
    },
    "Major aquifers": {
      "text": "Guarani Aquifer System"
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "410 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "80 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "3.17 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "172.2 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Geoparks": {
      "total global geoparks and regional networks": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "global geoparks and regional networks": {
        "text": "Grutas del Palacio (2023)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Uruguay"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Rep&uacute;blica Oriental del Uruguay"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Uruguay"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name derives from the Spanish pronunciation of the Guarani Indian designation of the Uruguay River, which makes up the western border of the country and whose name later came to be applied to the entire country"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Montevideo"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "34 51 S, 56 10 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the name \"Montevidi\" was originally applied to the hill that overlooked the bay upon which the city of Montevideo was founded; the earliest meaning may have been \"[the place where we] saw the hill\""
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysand&uacute;, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jos&eacute;, Soriano, Tacuaremb&oacute;, Treinta y Tres"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "25 August 1825 (from Brazil)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 25 August (1825)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing \"constitutional laws\" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "3-5 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (since 1 March 2020)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (since 1 March 2020)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 27 October 2024 with a runoff on 24 November 2024 (next to be held on 28 October 2029 and a runoff, if needed, on 25 November 2029)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em>2024: </em>Yamandú ORSI Martínez elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Yamandú ORSI Martínez (FA) 46.2%, Álvaro Luis DELGADO Ceretta (PN) 28.2%, Andrés OJEDA Ojeda Spitz (PC) 16.9%, other 8.7%; percent of vote in second round - Yamandú ORSI Martínez 52.1%, Álvaro Luis DELGADO Ceretta 47.9%; note - ORSI will take office 1 March 2025<br><em><br>2019:</em> Luis Alberto LACALLE POU elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel MARTINEZ (FA) 40.7%, Luis Alberto LACALLE POU (PN) 29.7%, Ernesto TALVI (Colorado Party) 12.8%, Guido MANINI RIOS (Open Cabildo) 11.3%, other 5.5%; percent of vote in second round - Luis Alberto LACALLE POU 50.6%, Daniel MARTINEZ 49.4%<br><br><em>2014:</em> Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president in second round; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ (Socialist Party) 56.5%, Luis Alberto LACALLE Pou (PN) 43.4%"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>the president is both chief of state and head of government"
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "General Assembly (Asamblea General)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "bicameral"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch - lower chamber": {
      "chamber name": {
        "text": "House of Representatives (C&aacute;mara de Representantes)"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "99 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "proportional representation"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "10/27/2024"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "Broad Front (FA) (48); National Party (PN) (29); Colorado Party (PC) (17); Other (5)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "24.2%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "October 2029"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
      "chamber name": {
        "text": "Senate (C&aacute;mara de Senadores)"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "31 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "proportional representation"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "10/27/2024"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "Broad Front (FA) (16); National Party (PN) (9); Colorado Party (PC) (5)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "35.5%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "October 2029"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges nominated by the president and appointed by two-thirds vote in joint conference of the General Assembly; judges serve 10-year terms, with reelection possible after a lapse of 5 years following the previous term"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Courts of Appeal; District Courts (Juzgados Letrados); Peace Courts (Juzgados de Paz); Rural Courts (Juzgados Rurales)"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) - (a broad governing coalition that comprises 34 factions including Popular Participation Movement or MPP, Uruguay Assembly, Progressive Alliance, Broad Social Democratic Space, Socialist Party, Vertiente Artiguista, Christian Democratic Party, Big House, Communist Party, The Federal League, Fuerza Renovadora)<br>Colorado Party or PC (including Batllistas and Ciudadanos)<br>Intransigent Radical Ecologist Party (Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente) or PERI<br>Independent Party<br>National Party or PN (including Todos (Everyone) and National Alliance)<br>Open Cabildo<br>Popular Unity"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Andr&eacute;s Augusto DUR&Aacute;N Hareau (since 23 December 2020)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 331-1313"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 331-8142"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>urueeuu@mrree.gub.uy<br><br>https://embassyofuruguay.us/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Miami, New York, San Francisco"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Heide B. FULTON (since 22 March 2023)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3360 Montevideo Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-3360"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "(+598) 1770-2000"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[+598] 1770-2128"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>MontevideoACS@state.gov<br><br>https://uy.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face (delineated in black) known as the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy; the stripes represent the nine original departments of Uruguay; the sun symbol evokes the legend of the sun breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as independence was first declared from Spain (Uruguay subsequently won its independence from Brazil); the sun features are said to represent those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the banner was inspired by the national colors of Argentina and by the design of the US flag"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol); national colors: blue, white, yellow"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Himno Nacional\" (National Anthem of Uruguay)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/Francisco Jose DEBALI"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1848; the anthem is also known as \"Orientales, la Patria o la tumba!\" (\"Uruguayans, the Fatherland or Death!\"); it is the world's longest national anthem in terms of music (105 bars; almost five minutes); generally only the first verse and chorus are sung"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "3 (all cultural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Historic City of Colonia del Sacramento; Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape; The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atl&aacute;ntida"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "high-income, export-oriented South American economy; South America&rsquo;s largest middle class; low socioeconomic inequality; growing homicide rates; growing Chinese and EU relations; 2019 Argentine recession hurt; key milk, beef, rice, and wool exporter"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$105.096 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$104.711 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$100.004 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "0.37% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "4.71% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "5.56% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$31,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$30,900 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$29,400 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$77.241 billion (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
        "text": "5.87% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
        "text": "9.1% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "7.75% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Fitch rating": {
        "text": "BBB- (2013)"
      },
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "Baa2 (2014)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "BBB (2015)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "5.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "16.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "66.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "66.8% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "13.8% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "17.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-0.1% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "27.5% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-24.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "milk, rice, wheat, barley, soybeans, beef, rapeseed, sugarcane, maize, oranges (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "-3.74% (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "1.758 million (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2023": {
        "text": "8.35% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "7.88% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "9.3% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "26.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "24.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "28.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "9.9% (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022": {
        "text": "40.6 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
    },
    "Average household expenditures": {
      "on food": {
        "text": "18.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)"
      },
      "on alcohol and tobacco": {
        "text": "1.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "2.2% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "30.5% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "0.17% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "0.18% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "0.21% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$16.522 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$18.58 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2020": {
        "text": "60.28% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "18.51% (of GDP) (2020 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "-$2.579 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "-$2.616 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$1.496 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$22.052 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$23.611 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$19.973 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "China 24%, Brazil 14%, Argentina 8%, US 7%, Netherlands 5% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "beef, wood pulp, soybeans, milk, rice (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$19.306 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$19.406 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$15.448 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Brazil 20%, China 18%, US 15%, Argentina 11%, Germany 3% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "crude petroleum, fertilizers, cars, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
        "text": "$16.257 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
        "text": "$15.127 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
        "text": "$16.963 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "38.824 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "41.171 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "43.555 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "42.013 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "35.255 (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "5.36 million kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "11.811 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "2.152 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "55 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "1.281 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "9.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "3.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "31.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "37.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "18.7% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "consumption": {
        "text": "18,000 metric tons (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "18,000 metric tons (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "400 bbl/day (2023 est.)"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "52,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "consumption": {
        "text": "86.037 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "86.89 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "7.084 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "45,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "6.87 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "169,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2022": {
        "text": "47.237 million Btu/person (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "1.259 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "37 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "4.741 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "139 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Uruguay has an advanced telecom market, with excellent infrastructure and one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Latin America; fixed-line teledensity is also particularly high for the region, while mobile penetration is the second highest after Panama; in terms of computer penetration, Uruguay tops all other countries in the region by a considerable margin, and this has facilitated growth in fixed-line broadband adoption; the government and telecom regulator have introduced a range of measures to help develop the deployment of fiber infrastructure, partly in a bid to encourage economic growth and stimulate e-commerce; fiber accounted for over 95% of all fixed and fixed-wireless broadband connections as of December 2023; with investment projected to reach $800 million, the state-owned incumbent Antel is expected to provide national Fiber to the premises (FttP) coverage by 2023; together with the FttP network, the opening of the submarine cable system in early 2012 and August 2017 have helped boost Uruguay&rsquo;s internet bandwidth, and increase the data rate available to end-users; changes in legislation in 2020 allowed cable companies to provide home internet service for the first time, ending the state monopoly; Uruguay's regulator authorized five cable companies to provide broadband service; while the country's broadband network is state owned, other segments of the telecom market have been opened to competition, including international long-distance telephony, mobile telephony, and fixed-wireless broadband; cable networks are well equipped technologically, and digital cable TV is widely available, telecom legislation prohibits data transmission over pay TV networks; all three operators offer mobile broadband through 3G and LTE networks; operators have achieved nationwide 3G coverage and the number of mobile broadband subscribers continues to grow; at the end of 2019, spectrum in the 5G-suitable range was auctioned, enabling operators to launch 5G services; Uruguay's regulators held a 5G spectrum auction in June 2023; the three incumbent operators each acquired 100 Ghz in the 3.5 GHz midband; in 2023, Uruguay's state telecom has deployed hundreds of 5G radio bases, covering all regional capitals (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line is 36 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 140 per 100 persons (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 598; landing points for the Unisor, Tannat, and Bicentenario submarine cable system providing direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; the Firmina cable, which landed in 2023, allowed for direct connectivity to the United States; Bicentenario 2012 and Tannat 2017 cables helped end-users with Internet bandwidth; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".uy"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "90% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,063,701 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "31 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "2 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "5"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "CX"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "64 (2024)"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "3 (2024)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "257 km gas, 160 km oil (2013)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,673 km (2016) (operational; government claims overall length is 2,961 km)"
      },
      "standard gauge": {
        "text": "1,673 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "77,732 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "7,743 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "69,989 km (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "1,600 km (2011)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "58 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 3, other 50"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "8 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "6"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Colonia, Fray Bentos, Jose Ignacio, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Puerto Sauce"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Armed Forces of Uruguay (Fuerzas Armadas del Uruguay or FF.AA. del Uruguay): National Army (Ejercito Nacional), National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Coast Guard (Prefectura Nacional Naval or PRENA)), Uruguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea)<br><br>Ministry of Interior: National Police (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>the National Police includes the paramilitary National Republican Guard (Guardia Nacional Republicana); the National Police maintains internal security, while the National Directorate for Migration is responsible for migration and border enforcement"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2023": {
        "text": "1% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2022": {
        "text": "1% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "2.1% of GDP (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "approximately 23,000 active-duty personnel (15,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2023)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the military's inventory includes a variety of mostly older or second-hand equipment originating from a wide range of suppliers, including Brazil, Canada, the former Czechoslovakia, Germany, Portugal, Russia/former Soviet Union, South Korea, Spain, and the US (2024)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-30 years of age (18-22 years of age for Navy) for voluntary military service for men and women; up to 40 years of age for specialists; enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2023, women comprised nearly 20% of the active military"
    },
    "Military deployments": {
      "text": "600 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2024)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the armed forces are responsible for defense of the country&rsquo;s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity, as well as protecting strategic resources; it has some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons and border security and providing humanitarian/disaster assistance; since 2020, the military has deployed additional troops to the frontiers with Argentina and Brazil to assist the National Police in securing the border; it also assists the Ministry of Interior in combating narcotics trafficking; the military participates in UN peacekeeping missions and multinational exercises with foreign partners; Uruguay has traditionally held security ties with Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and the US; since 2018, it has also signed defense cooperation agreements with China and Russia (2024)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees (country of origin)": {
        "text": "32,939 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum or have received alternative legal stay) (2023)"
      },
      "stateless persons": {
        "text": "5 (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Uruguay was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/uruguay/"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "transit country for drugs mainly bound for Europe, often through sea-borne containers; limited law enforcement corruption; money laundering; weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption of cocaine base and synthetic drugs"
    }
  }
}