factbook.json/north-america/bd.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "32 20 N, 64 45 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "North America"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "54 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "54 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about one-third the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "103 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "exclusive fishing zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "low hills separated by fertile depressions"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Town Hill 79 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "20% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "65.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "relatively even population distribution throughout"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "hurricanes (June to November)"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "72,800"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "35,401"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "37,399 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Bermudian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Bermudian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official), Portuguese"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "52.9"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "22.8"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "30.1"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "3.3 (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "43.8 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "41.5 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "46.3 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.3% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "10.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "relatively even population distribution throughout"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "-0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "2.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "82.5 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "79.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "85.7 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.88 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.92 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 99.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.1% of population (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 99.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.1% of population (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "47.6% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "1.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "12 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "13 years (2015)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "dense population and heavy vehicle traffic create serious congestion and air pollution problems; water resources scarce (most obtained as rainwater or from wells); solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "20% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "65.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "-0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.61 megatons (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "82,000 tons (2012 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "1,640 tons (2012 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "2% (2012 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Bermuda"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Somers Islands"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the islands making up Bermuda are named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy"
    },
    "Dependency status": {
      "text": "overseas territory of the UK"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Hamilton"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "32 17 N, 64 47 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "named after Henry HAMILTON (ca. 1734-1796) who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788-1794"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Bermuda Day, 24 May; note - formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "English common law"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK; amended several times, last in 2012"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "10 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Parliament"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "bicameral"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch - lower chamber": {
      "chamber name": {
        "text": "House of Assembly"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "36 (directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "plurality/majority"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "10/1/2020"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "PLP (30); OBA (6)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "20%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "2025"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
      "chamber name": {
        "text": "Senate"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "11 (appointed)"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "2022"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "63.6%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "2027"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Free Democratic Movement or FDM<br>One Bermuda Alliance or OBA<br>Progressive Labor Party or PLP"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Acting Consul General Vanja VUKOTA (since December 2024)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "(441) 295-1342"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "(441) 295-1592"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>HamiltonConsulate@state.gov<br><br>https://bm.usconsulate.gov/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (a white shield with a red lion standing on a green grassy field holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag; it was the shipwreck of the vessel, filled with English colonists originally bound for Virginia, that led to the settling of Bermuda",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the flag is unusual in that it is only British overseas territory that uses a red ensign, all others use blue"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "red lion"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Hail to Bermuda"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Bette JOHNS"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, \"God Save the King\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$6.343 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$6.349 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$5.965 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "-0.09% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "6.43% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "5.42% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$98,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$98,100 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$92,300 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$8.142 billion (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "1.4% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Fitch rating": {
        "text": "N/A (2015)"
      },
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "A2 (2016)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "A+ (2015)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "0.2% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "5.4% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "90.5% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "47.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "12% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "52.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-24.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "international business, tourism, light manufacturing"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "5.57% (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "33,480 (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2017": {
        "text": "7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2016": {
        "text": "7% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "29.3% (2014 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "29.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "29%"
      }
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "21.49% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "22.36% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "22.72% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$999.2 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$1.176 billion (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt FY14/15": {
        "text": "43% of GDP (FY14/15)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "16.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "$962.258 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2020": {
        "text": "$853.85 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2019": {
        "text": "$838.701 million (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$1.136 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$1.027 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$1.605 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Zambia 26%, US 16%, Angola 10%, France 10%, Tanzania 8% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "fertilizers, ships, liquor, vaccines, railway cargo containers (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$1.925 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$1.723 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$2.224 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "US 34%, Norway 19%, South Korea 19%, China 5%, Canada 5% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "1 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "1 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "1 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "1 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "1 (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "173,000 kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "581.097 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "42.493 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "99% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "imports": {
        "text": "54.3 metric tons (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "4,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "582,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "582,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2022": {
        "text": "124.882 million Btu/person (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "25,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "39 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "68,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "106 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "the system has a fixed-line teledensity of 39 per 100, coupled with a mobile-cellular teledensity of roughly 110 per 100 persons (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-441; landing points for the GlobeNet, Gemini Bermuda, CBUS, and the CB-1 submarine cables to the Caribbean, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".bm"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "98% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "23,000 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "36 (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "VP-B"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "1 (2024)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "447 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "447 km (2010)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> 225 km public roads; 222 km private roads"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "122 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "4 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "size unknown": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Royal Bermuda Regiment (aka \"The Regiment\") includes the Royal Bermuda Regiment Coast Guard"
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2024)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2024)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; service can be extended only by volunteering or an executive order from the Governor; annual training commitment is about 30 days a year, which includes a two-week camp, weekends, and drill nights (2024)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment&rsquo;s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda&rsquo;s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2024)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
  }
}