factbook.json/middle-east/we.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "<p>The landlocked West Bank -- the larger of the two Palestinian territories -- is home to some three million Palestinians. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the area currently known as the West Bank has been dominated by a succession of different powers. In the early 16th century, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. The West Bank fell to British forces during World War I, becoming part of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Transjordan (later renamed Jordan) captured the West Bank and annexed it in 1950; Israel then captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under the Oslo Accords -- a series of agreements that were signed between 1993 and 1999 -- Israel transferred to the newly created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for the many Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank, as well as the Gaza Strip.</p> <p>In addition to establishing the PA as an interim government, the Oslo Accords divided the West Bank into three areas, with one fully managed by the PA (Area A), another fully managed by Israel (Area C), and a third with shared control (Area B) until a permanent agreement could be reached between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel. In 2000, a violent <em>intifada</em>, or uprising, began across the Palestinian territories, and in 2001, negotiations for a permanent agreement between the PLO and Israel on final status issues stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start direct negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status of the area. </p> <p>The PA last held national elections in 2006, when the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and HAMAS failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and to HAMAS's violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in 2007. In 2018, the Palestinian Constitutional Court dissolved the PLC. In recent years, Fatah and HAMAS have made several attempts at reconciliation, but the factions have been unable to implement agreements. </p>"
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Middle East, west of Jordan, east of Israel"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "32 00 N, 35 15 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Middle East"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "5,860 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "5,640 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "220 sq km"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967"
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "478 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Israel 330 km; Jordan 148 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly rugged, dissected upland in west, flat plains descending to Jordan River Valley to the east"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Khallat al Batrakh 1,020 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Dead Sea -431 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "43.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "55.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "(2013) 151 sq km; note - includes Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "salt water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Dead Sea (shared with Jordan and Israel) - 1,020 sq km<br>note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level"
      }
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "the most populous Palestinian communities in the West Bank are located in the central ridge and western half of its territory; Jewish settlements are located throughout the West Bank, the most populous in the Seam Zone--between the 1949 Armistice Line and the separation barrier--and around Jerusalem"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "droughts"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are about 380 Israeli civilian sites, including about 213 settlements and 132 small outpost communities in the West Bank and 35 sites in East Jerusalem (2017)"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3,243,369"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "1,648,450"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1,594,919 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> approximately 468,300 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank (2022); approximately 236,600 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2021)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Palestinian Arab, Jewish, other"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Muslim 80-85% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 12-14%, Christian 1-2.5% (mainly Greek Orthodox), other, unaffiliated, unspecified &lt;1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "36.7% (male 609,497/female 579,227)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "59.5% (male 979,719/female 949,746)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "3.9% (2024 est.) (male 59,234/female 65,946)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "74.3"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "68.2"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "6.1"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "16.5 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "21.9 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "21.6 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "22.1 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "2.07% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "27.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "the most populous Palestinian communities in the West Bank are located in the central ridge and western half of its territory; Jewish settlements are located throughout the West Bank, the most populous in the Seam Zone--between the 1949 Armistice Line and the separation barrier--and around Jerusalem"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "77.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.9 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "20 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "12.6 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76.5 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "74.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "78.8 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "3.49 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "1.69 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "57.3% (2019/20)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 98.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 99% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 1.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 1.1% of population (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "3.25 physicians/1,000 population (2020)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2019)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 99.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 98.6% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 1.4% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.4% of population (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> note includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "2.1% (2019/20)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimate is for Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "62.4% (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data includes Gaza and the West Bank"
    },
    "Child marriage": {
      "women married by age 15": {
        "text": "0.7%"
      },
      "women married by age 18": {
        "text": "13.4% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "5.3% of GDP (2018 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "97.5%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "98.8%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "96.2% (2020)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates are for Gaza and the West Bank"
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "12 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "14 years (2021)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "adequacy of freshwater supply; sewage treatment"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "43.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 11% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 24.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "1.5% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "55.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "77.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent Gaza Strip and the West Bank"
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "30.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "3.23 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank."
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "1.387 million tons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "6,935 tons (2013 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "0.5% (2013 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank."
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "salt water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Dead Sea (shared with Jordan and Israel) - 1,020 sq km<br>note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "200 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "220 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank."
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "840 million cubic meters (2020 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank."
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "West Bank"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name refers to the location of the region of the British Mandate of Palestine that was occupied and administered by Jordan in 1948, as it is located on the far side (west bank) of the Jordan River in relation to Jordan proper; the designation was retained following the 1967 Six-Day War and the subsequent changes in administration"
      }
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "4 (all cultural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan; Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem; Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town; Land of Olives and Vines &ndash; Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$27.446 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$29.016 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$27.878 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "-5.41% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "4.08% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "7.01% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$5,300 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$5,800 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$5,700 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$17.421 billion (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
        "text": "5.87% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
        "text": "3.74% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "1.24% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "5.7% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17.4% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "58.3% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "101.5% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "20.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "24.7% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "1.5% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "19.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-66.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "small-scale manufacturing, quarrying, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "-8.57% (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "1.391 million (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "24.42% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "26.39% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2020": {
        "text": "25.9% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "36% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "31.6% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "56.7% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "29.2% (2016 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": {
        "text": "33.7 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "25.2% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "18.62% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "23.98% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "20.77% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$3.803 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$5.002 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Palestinian Authority expenditures in the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2014": {
        "text": "24.4% of GDP (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "21.47% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "-$2.895 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "-$2.037 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$1.778 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$3.413 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$3.533 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$3.14 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Israel 81%, Jordan 10%, UAE 2%, US 1%, Turkey 1% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "building stone, scrap iron, plastic products, furniture, seats (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$11.637 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$12.257 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$10.094 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Israel 57%, Turkey 6%, Egypt 6%, Jordan 4%, China 4% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, electricity, animal food, cars, cement (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars; entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
        "text": "$1.323 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
        "text": "$896.9 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
        "text": "$872.541 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "3.36 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "3.23 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "3.442 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "3.565 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2018": {
        "text": "3.591 (2018 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "352,000 kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "6.746 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "6.7 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "880.312 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "77.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "22.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Coal": {
      "exports": {
        "text": "(2022 est.) less than 1 metric ton"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "29,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "3.942 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "3.942 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2022": {
        "text": "15.201 million Btu/person (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "384,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "7 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "4.15 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "78 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> entry includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "most telecommunications companies in the West Bank and Gaza import directly from international vendors; the major challenge they face are Israeli restrictions on telecommunication imports that are listed as &ldquo;Dual Use&rdquo; products; during a visit to the West Bank in July 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that Israeli and Palestinian teams will work together to roll out an advanced infrastructure for 4G; currently, only 2G service is available in Gaza (2024)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line 9 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscriptions 78 per 100 (includes Gaza Strip) (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code 970 or 972; 1 international switch in Ramallah"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "the Palestinian Authority operates 1 TV and 1 radio station; about 20 private TV and 40 radio stations; both Jordanian TV and satellite TV are accessible"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".ps; note - IANA has designated .ps for the West Bank, same as Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "87% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the Gaza Strip"
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "431,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "8 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes the Gaza Strip"
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "1 (2024)"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "2 (2024)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4,686 km (2010)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "4,686 km (2010)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Gaza Strip"
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "per the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority (PA) is not permitted a conventional military but maintains security and police forces; PA security personnel have operated exclusively in the West Bank since HAMAS seized power in the Gaza Strip in 2007; PA forces include the National Security Forces, Presidential Guard, Civil Police, Civil Defense, Preventive Security Organization, the General Intelligence Organization, and the Military Intelligence Organization (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Security Forces conduct gendarmerie-style security operations in circumstances that exceed the capabilities of the Civil Police; it is the largest branch of the PA security services and acts as the internal Palestinian security force; the Presidential Guard protects facilities and provides dignitary protection; the Preventive Security Organization is responsible for internal intelligence gathering and investigations related to internal security cases, including political dissent"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "not available"
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "the PA police and security forces have approximately 28,000 active personnel, including about 11,500 National Security Forces (2024)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the security services are lightly equipped with small arms, light weapons, and wheeled vehicles (2024)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "Palestinian Authority security forces maintain security control of 17.5% (called Area A) of the West Bank, as agreed by the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel in the Oslo Accords; Israeli security forces maintain responsibility for the remaining 82.5% of the West Bank, including Area B (22.5%), where the Palestinian Authority has administrative control, and Area C (60%), where Israel maintains administrative control (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Terrorism": {
    "Terrorist group(s)": {
      "text": "Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade; HAMAS; Kahane Chai; Palestine Islamic Jihad; Palestine Liberation Front; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees (country of origin)": {
        "text": "901,000 (Palestinian refugees) (2022)"
      },
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "12,000 (includes persons displaced within the Gaza strip due to the intensification of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict since June 2014 and other Palestinian IDPs in the Gaza Strip and West Bank who fled as long ago as 1967, although confirmed cumulative data do not go back beyond 2006) (2022); note - data represent Gaza Strip and West Bank"
      }
    }
  }
}