factbook.json/europe/ls.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it became a sovereign state in 1806 and joined the German Confederation in 1815. Liechtenstein became fully independent in 1866 when the Confederation dissolved. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. In 2000, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money laundering legislation and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US that went into effect in 2003."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "47 16 N, 9 32 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Europe"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "160 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "160 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "75 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Austria 34 km; Switzerland 41 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (doubly landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Ruggeller Riet 430 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "hydroelectric potential, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "37.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "43.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "0 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
      "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "avalanches, landslides"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "40,272"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "20,072"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "20,200 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Liechtensteiner(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Liechtenstein"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Liechtensteiner 65.6%, Swiss 9.6%, Austrian 5.8%, German 4.5%, Italian 3.1%, other 11.4% (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by nationality"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "German 91.5% (official, Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%, Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant 0.7%, other Christian 0.3%, other 0.8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "15.3% (male 3,412/female 2,732)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "63.9% (male 12,814/female 12,921)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "20.8% (2024 est.) (male 3,846/female 4,547)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "50.2"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "21.8"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "28.3"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "3.5 (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "44.2 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "42.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "46.1 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.69% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "10.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "4.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "14.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.26 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.25 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.85 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "31.3 years (2017)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "4.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "83 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "80.7 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "85.8 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.75 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0% of population (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0% of population (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "65.2% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "16 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "14 years (2020)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "some air pollution generated locally, some carried over from surrounding countries"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Law of the Sea"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "37.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "43.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "14.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.05 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "32,382 tons (2015 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "20,919 tons (2015 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "64.6% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
      "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)"
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Principality of Liechtenstein"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Liechtenstein"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Fuerstentum Liechtenstein"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Liechtenstein"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "named after the Liechtenstein dynasty that purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz and that was allowed by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1719 to rename the new property after their family; the name in German means \"light (bright) stone\""
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "constitutional monarchy"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Vaduz"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "47 08 N, 9 31 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "may be a conflation from the Latin <em>vallis</em> (valley) and the High German <em>diutisk</em> (meaning \"German\") to produce <em>Valdutsch</em> (\"German valley\"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "National Day, 15 August (1940); note - a National Day was originally established in 1940 to combine celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption (15 August) with those honoring the birthday of former Prince FRANZ JOSEF II (1906-1989) whose birth fell on 16 August; after the prince's death, National Day became the official national holiday by law in 1990"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of \"Government\" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast; amended many times, last in 2023"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "5 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Prince HANS-ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers on 26 August 1984)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Daniel RISCH (since 25 March 2021)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in Parliament usually appointed the head of government by the monarch, and the leader of the largest minority party in Parliament usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note</strong>: the prince's successor is Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS (son of the monarch, born 11 June 1968); on 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but Prince HANS-ADAM II retains status of chief of state"
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Diet (Landtag)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "25 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "proportional representation"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "4 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "2/7/2021"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "Patriotic Union (VU) (10); Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) (10); Free List (FL) (3); Democrats for Liechtenstein (DpL) (2)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "28%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "February 2025"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Court or F&uuml;rstlicher Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges and 5 substitutes); Constitutional Court or Staatsgerichtshof (consists of 5 judges, and 5 alternates)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal (second instance), Regional Court (first instance), Administrative Court, Tribunal Court, district courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Democrats for Liechtenstein (Demokraten pro Liechtenstein) or DpL <br>Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU <br>Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP <br>The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL <br>The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU "
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Georg SPARBER (since 1 December 2021)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2900 K Street NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 331-0590"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 331-3221"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>washington@llv.li<br><br>https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band; the colors may derive from the blue and red livery design used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was introduced in 1937 to distinguish the flag from that of Haiti"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "princely hat (crown); national colors: blue, red"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Oben am jungen Rhein\" (High Above the Young Rhine)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Jakob Joseph JAUCH/Josef FROMMELT"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of \"God Save the King\""
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "high-income European economy; Schengen Area participant; key European financial leader; integrated with Swiss economy and franc currency user; one of the highest GDP per capita countries; relies on US and Eurozone markets for exports"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": {
        "text": "$4.978 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$7.362 billion (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "AAA (1996)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "0.2% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "40.2% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "55.4% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "38,520 (2015 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2015": {
        "text": "2.4% (2015)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2014": {
        "text": "2.4% (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2015": {
        "text": "$3.217 billion (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2014": {
        "text": "$3.774 billion (2014 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> trade data exclude trade with Switzerland"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2014": {
        "text": "$2.23 billion (2014 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> trade data exclude trade with Switzerland"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "0.898 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "0.955 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "0.914 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "0.939 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "0.994 (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "10,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "26 (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "50,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "126 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "possesses a number of modern communications systems, some of which are shared with the neighboring country of Switzerland (2022)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line roughly 30 per 100 and mobile-cellular services 126 per 100 (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 423; linked to&nbsp;Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay"
      },
      "note": "<strong>n</strong>"
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates one radio station in Liechtenstein"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".li"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "97% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "20,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "50 (2023 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "HB"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "2 (2024)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "434.5 km gas (2018)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9 km (2018)"
      },
      "standard gauge": {
        "text": "9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "420 km (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "28 km (2010)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Switzerland)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; the National Police maintain internal security and report to the Department of Civil Defense"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "has strengthened money laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector"
    }
  }
}