factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independence in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments, as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the internal conflict."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "15 30 N, 90 15 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "108,889 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "107,159 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "1,730 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,667 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Belize 266 km; El Salvador 199 km; Honduras 244 km; Mexico 958 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "400 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "two east-west trending mountain chains divide the country into three regions: the mountainous highlands, the Pacific coast south of mountains, and the vast northern Peten lowlands"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Volcan Tajumulco (highest point in Central America) 4,220 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Pacific Ocean 0 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "759 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "41.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 14.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "33.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "25.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "3,375 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "fresh water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Lago de Izabal - 590 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "the vast majority of the populace resides in the southern half of the country, particularly in the mountainous regions; more than half of the population lives in rural areas"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "<p>numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanic activity in the Sierra Madre range; Santa Maria (3,772 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pacaya (2,552 m), which erupted in May 2010 causing an ashfall on Guatemala City and prompting evacuations, is one of the country's most active volcanoes with frequent eruptions since 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Acatenango, Almolonga, Atitlan, Fuego, and Tacana; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"</p>"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> despite having both eastern and western coastlines (Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean respectively), there are no natural harbors on the west coast</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> Guatemala is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire</p>"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "18,255,216"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "9,050,684"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9,204,532 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Guatemalan(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Guatemalan"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Mestizo (mixed Indigenous-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) 56%, Maya 41.7%, Xinca (Indigenous, non-Maya) 1.8%, African descent 0.2%, Garifuna (mixed West and Central African, Island Carib, and Arawak) 0.1%, foreign 0.2% (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "Spanish (official) 69.9%, Maya languages 29.7% (Q'eqchi' 8.3%, K'iche 7.8%, Mam 4.4%, Kaqchikel 3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, other 4%), other 0.4% (includes Xinca and Garifuna) (2018 est.)"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 2003 Law of National Languages officially recognized 23 indigenous languages, including 21 Maya languages, Xinca, and Garifuna"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Evangelical 45.7%, Roman Catholic 42.4%, none 11%, unspecified 0.9% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Demographic profile": {
      "text": "<p>Guatemala is a predominantly poor country that struggles in several areas of health and development, including infant, child, and maternal mortality, malnutrition, literacy, and contraceptive awareness and use. The country's large indigenous population is disproportionately affected. Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America and has the highest fertility rate in Latin America. It also has the highest population growth rate in Latin America, which is likely to continue because of its large reproductive-age population and high birth rate. Almost half of Guatemala's population is under age 19, making it the youngest population in Latin America. Guatemala's total fertility rate has slowly declined during the last few decades due in part to limited government-funded health programs. However, the birth rate is still more close to three children per woman and is markedly higher among its rural and indigenous populations.</p><p>Guatemalans have a history of emigrating legally and illegally to Mexico, the United States, and Canada because of a lack of economic opportunity, political instability, and natural disasters. Emigration, primarily to the United States, escalated during the 1960 to 1996 civil war and accelerated after a peace agreement was signed. Thousands of Guatemalans who fled to Mexico returned after the war, but labor migration to southern Mexico continues.</p>"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "31.5% (male 2,925,079/female 2,819,927)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "63.2% (male 5,688,500/female 5,839,958)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "5.4% (2024 est.) (male 437,105/female 544,647)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "60.9"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "53"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "7.9"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "12.7 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24.8 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "24.2 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "25.4 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.49% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "21.4 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "the vast majority of the populace resides in the southern half of the country, particularly in the mountainous regions; more than half of the population lives in rural areas"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "53.1% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "3.095 million GUATEMALA CITY (capital) (2023)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.97 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.8 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "20.6 years (2014/15 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "96 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "25 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "28.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "21.7 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "73.5 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "71.5 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "75.6 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.52 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "1.23 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "60.6% (2014/15)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 97.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 92.2% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 95% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 2.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 5% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "6.5% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "1.24 physicians/1,000 population (2020)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 90.4% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 66.3% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 78.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 9.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 33.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 21.2% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "21.2% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1.63 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "0.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "0.68 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10.9% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "20.1% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1.6% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "14.4% (2021/22)"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "57.2% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "3.1% of GDP (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "83.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "87.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "79.3% (2021)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "11 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10 years (2019)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "41.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 14.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 18.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "33.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "25.2% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "53.1% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0.78% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "20.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "16.78 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "10.7 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "2,756,741 tons (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "fresh water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Lago de Izabal - 590 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "840 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "600 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "1.89 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "127.91 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Guatemala"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Guatemala"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Rep&uacute;blica de Guatemala"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Guatemala"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Guatemala City"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "14 37 N, 90 31 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called \"Quauhtemallan\" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means \"land of trees\" or \"forested land\", but which the Spanish pronounced \"Guatemala\"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous; latest adopted 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended and reinstated in 1994"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by agreement of 10 or more deputies of Congress, by the Constitutional Court, or by public petition of at least 5,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Congress membership and approval by public referendum, referred to as \"popular consultation\"; constitutional articles such as national sovereignty, the republican form of government, limitations on those seeking the presidency, or presidential tenure cannot be amended; amended 1993"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "5 years with no absences of six consecutive months or longer or absences totaling more than a year"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police by law cannot vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Bernardo AR&Eacute;VALO de Le&oacute;n (since 15 January 2024)&nbsp;"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Bernardo AR&Eacute;VALO de Le&oacute;n (since 15 January 2024)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (not eligible for consecutive terms); election last held on 25 June 2023 with a runoff on 20 August 2023 (next to be held in June 2027)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2023:</em> Bernardo ARÉVALO de León elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Sandra TORRES (UNE) 21%; Bernardo ARÉVALO de León (SEMILLA) 15.6%, Manuel CONDE Orellana (VAMOS) 10.4%; Armando CASTILLO Alvarado (VIVA) 9.6%, other 43.4%; percent of vote in second round - Bernardo ARÉVALO de León 60.9%, Sandra TORRES 39.1%<br><em><br>2019:</em> Alejandro GIAMMATTEI elected president; percent of vote in first round - Sandra TORRES (UNE) 25.5%, Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 14%, Edmond MULET (PHG) 11.2%, Thelma CABRERA (MLP) 10.4%, Roberto ARZU (PAN-PODEMOS) 6.1%, other 32.8%; percent of vote in second round - Alejandro GIAMMATTEI 58%, Sandra TORRES 42%"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the president is both chief of state and head of government"
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "160 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "mixed system"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "4 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "6/25/2023"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "Let’s Go for a Different Guatemala (Vamos) (39); National Unity of Hope Party (UNE) (28); Seed Movement (Semilla) (23); Cabal (18); Vision with Values (VIVA) (11); Other (41)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "20%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "June 2027"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; note - the Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad of Guatemala resides outside the country's judicial system; its sole purpose is the interpretation of the constitution and to see that the laws and regulations are not superior to the constitution (consists of 5 titular magistrates and 5 substitute magistrates)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Courts of Appeal; magistrates elected for concurrent, renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the (public) University of San Carlos, and 1 by the Assembly of the College of Attorneys and Notaries; judges elected for renewable, consecutive 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year term"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Appellate Courts of Accounts, Contentious Administrative Tribunal, courts of appeal, first instance courts, child and adolescence courts, minor or peace courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Bienestar Nacional or BIEN<br>Blue Party (Partido Azul) or Blue<br>CABAL<br>Cambio<br>Citizen Prosperity or PC<br>Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO<br>Elephant Community (Comunidad Elefante) or Elephant<br>Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS<br>Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG-MAIZ or URNG<br>Humanist Party of Guatemala or PHG<br>Movement for the Liberation of Peoples or MLP<br>Movimiento Semilla or SEMILLA<br>National Advancement Party or PAN<br>National Convergence Front or FCN-NACION<br>National Unity for Hope or UNE<br>Nationalist Change Union or UCN (dissolved 16 December 2021)<br>Nosotros or PPN<br>PODEMOS<br>Political Movement Winaq or Winaq<br>TODOS<br>Value or VALOR<br>Vamos por una Guatemala Diferente or VAMOS<br>Victory or VICTORIA<br>Vision with Values or VIVA<br>Will, Opportunity and Solidarity (Voluntad, Oportunidad y Solidaridad) or VOS"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACS, BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Hugo Eduardo&nbsp;BETETA (since 17 June 2024)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 745-4953"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 745-1908"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>embestadosunidos@minex.gob.gt<br><br>https://estadosunidos.minex.gob.gt/home/home.aspx"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Atlanta, Chicago, Columbus (OH), Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville (TN), New York, Oklahoma City, Omaha (NE), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Providence (RI), Raleigh (NC), Rockville (MD), San Francisco, Seattle"
      },
      "consulate(s)": {
        "text": "Dallas, Del Rio (TX), Lake Worth (FL), McAllen (TX), Riverhead (NY), San Bernardino (CA), Tucson (AZ)"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Tobin BRADLEY (since 12 February 2024)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Boulevard Austriaco 11-51, Zone 16, Guatemala City"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3190 Guatemala Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-3190"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[502] 2354-0000"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[502] 2326-4654"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>AmCitsGuatemala@state.gov<br><br>https://gt.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) - all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed swords representing honor - and framed by a laurel wreath symbolizing victory; the blue bands represent the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea; the white band denotes peace and purity",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> one of only two national flags featuring a firearm, the other is Mozambique"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "quetzal (bird); national colors: blue, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Himno Nacional de Guatemala\" (National Anthem of Guatemala)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLE"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "4 (3 cultural, 1 mixed)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Antigua Guatemala (c); Tikal National Park (m); Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua (c); National Archaeological Park Tak'alik Ab'aj (c)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "developing Central American economy; steady economic growth fueled by remittances; high poverty and income inequality; limited government services, lack of employment opportunities, and frequent natural disasters impede human development efforts and drive emigration"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$224.556 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$216.906 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$208.163 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "3.53% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "4.2% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "8% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$12,400 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$12,200 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$11,800 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$104.45 billion (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
        "text": "6.21% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
        "text": "6.89% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "4.26% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Fitch rating": {
        "text": "BB- (2020)"
      },
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "Ba1 (2010)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "BB- (2017)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "9.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "22.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "61.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "87.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "11.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "16.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "16.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-31.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugarcane, bananas, oil palm fruit, maize, cantaloupes/melons, potatoes, milk, tomatoes, chicken, pineapples (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "1.66% (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "7.442 million (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2023": {
        "text": "2.71% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "3.05% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "2.17% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "4.1% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "59.3% (2014 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": {
        "text": "48.3 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
    },
    "Average household expenditures": {
      "on food": {
        "text": "35.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)"
      },
      "on alcohol and tobacco": {
        "text": "1.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1.7% (2014 est.)"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "38% (2014 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "19.13% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "19.04% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "17.82% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$15.09 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$15.376 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2020": {
        "text": "31.56% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "11.82% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "$3.232 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "$1.197 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "$1.89 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$17.328 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$18.141 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$15.246 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "US 32%, El Salvador 12%, Honduras 10%, Nicaragua 6%, Mexico 4% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "garments, coffee, bananas, palm oil, raw sugar (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$33.024 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$33.939 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$27.343 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "US 34%, China 18%, Mexico 9%, El Salvador 4%, Costa Rica 3% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, video displays, paper, plastic products, cars (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
        "text": "$21.311 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
        "text": "$20.415 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
        "text": "$20.935 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 2023": {
        "text": "$12.243 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "7.832 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "7.748 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "7.734 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "7.722 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "7.697 (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "99.1% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "electrification - urban areas": {
        "text": "97.7%"
      },
      "electrification - rural areas": {
        "text": "98.2%"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "5.21 million kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "11.387 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "1.116 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "1.141 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "1.781 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "32.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "1.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "2.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "38.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "geothermal": {
        "text": "2.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "22% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "consumption": {
        "text": "1.296 million metric tons (2022 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "15.3 metric tons (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "1.304 million metric tons (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "115,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil estimated reserves": {
        "text": "86.11 million barrels (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "production": {
        "text": "3.276 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "2.986 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "18.056 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "2.941 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "15.109 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2022": {
        "text": "16.807 million Btu/person (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "1.94 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "11 (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "20.6 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "115 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Guatemala&rsquo;s telecom infrastructure has suffered from years of under investment from state and provincial government; the poor state of fixed-line infrastructure has led to Guatemala having one of the lowest fixed-line teledensities in the region; in many rural regions of the country there is no fixed-line access available, and so mobile services are adopted by necessity; private investment has been supported by government and regulatory efforts, resulting in a steady growth in the number of fixed lines which has supported growth in the fixed broadband segment; delays in launching LTE services left the country lagging behind in the development of mobile broadband and the benefits which it can bring to the country's social and economic growth; two new submarine cables are due for completion by 2022; improved international connectivity should drive further uptake of both fixed and mobile broadband services; intense competition among the networks has helped to improve services and lower prices for end-users; given the commercial impetus of networks, insufficient government financial investment has resulted in many regional areas remaining with poor or non-existent services; the country benefits from one of the most open regulatory frameworks, with all telecom sectors having been open to competition since 1996; mobile subscriptions are on par with the regional average, though the slower growth in the mobile subscriber base suggests a level of market saturation, with the emphasis among networks being on generating revenue via mobile data services (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 13 per 100 persons; fixed-line investments are concentrating on improving rural connectivity; mobile-cellular teledensity about 126 per 100 persons (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 502; landing points for&nbsp;the ARCOS, AMX-1, American Movil-Texius&nbsp;West Coast Cable and the SAm-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that, together, provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "4 privately owned national terrestrial TV channels dominate TV broadcasting; multi-channel satellite and cable services are available; 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of privately owned radio stations (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".gt"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "54% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "921,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "5 (2023 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "3 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "5"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "145,795 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "110,000 (2018) mt-km"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "TG"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "58 (2024)"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "2 (2024)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "480 km oil (2013)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "800 km (2018)"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "800 km (2018) 0.914-m gauge"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> despite the existence of a railway network, all rail service was suspended in 2007 and no passenger or freight train currently runs in the country (2018)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17,440 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "7,420 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "9,440 km (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "990 km (2012) (260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "oil tanker 1, other 8"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "3 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Army of Guatemala (Ejercito de Guatemala; aka Armed Forces of Guatemala or Fuerzas Armadas de Guatemala): Land Forces (Fuerzas de Tierra), Naval Forces (Fuerzas de Mar), and Air Force (Fuerza de Aire) (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Civil Police (Policia Nacional Civil or PNC) are under the Ministry of Government (Interior)"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2023": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2022": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "information varies; approximately 20,000 active military personnel; approximately 25-30,000 National Civil Police (2023)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the military is lightly armed with an inventory mostly comprised of older US equipment; in recent years, Guatemala has received small amounts of equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Spain, and the US (2024)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "all male citizens 18-50 are eligible for military service; most of the force is volunteer; a selective draft system is employed, resulting in a small portion of 17-21 year-olds being conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 12-24 months; women may volunteer (2023)"
    },
    "Military deployments": {
      "text": "190 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2024)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the military is responsible for maintaining independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the honor of Guatemala, but has long focused on internal security; since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the military to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking; in recent years however, the military has sought to place more focus on other missions such as border security and traditional military operations; it has also created new brigades for cybersecurity (2024) and responding to national emergencies/providing humanitarian assistance (2023); it participates in UN missions on a small scale and has a peacekeeping operations training command that offers training to regional countries; the military has security ties with regional partners such as Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, and Honduras; cooperation with El Salvador and Honduras has included a combined police-military anti-gang task force to patrol border areas; it also has ties with the US, including joint training exercises and material assistance<br><br>the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2024)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "242,000 (more than three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996 displaced mainly the indigenous Maya population and rural peasants; ongoing drug cartel and gang violence) (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>a major transit country for illegal drugs; illicit cultivation of opium poppies, marijuana, and coca plants in rural areas; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p> <p> </p>"
    }
  }
}