factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. El Salvador is beset by one of the world's highest homicide rates and pervasive criminal gangs."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "13 50 N, 88 55 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "21,041 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "20,721 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "320 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about the same size as New Jersey"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "590 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Guatemala 199 km; Honduras 391 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "307 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Cerro El Pital 2,730 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Pacific Ocean 0 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "442 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "74.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 33.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 30.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "11.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "274 sq km (2020)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "athough it is the smallest country in land area in Central America, El Salvador has a population that is 18 times larger than Belize; at least 20% of the population lives abroad; high population density country-wide, with particular concentration around the capital of San Salvador"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "<p>known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana</p>"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on the Caribbean Sea"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "6,628,702"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "3,172,244"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "3,456,458 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Salvadoran(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Salvadoran"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Mestizo 86.3%, White 12.7%, Indigenous 0.2% (includes Lenca, Kakawira, Nahua-Pipil), Black 0.1%, other 0.6% (2007 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "Spanish (official), Nawat (among some indigenous)"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 39.6% (Evangelical - unspecified 38.2%, Evangelical - Methodist 1.3%, Evangelical - Baptist 0.1%), none 16.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Demographic profile": {
      "text": "<p>El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. It is well into its demographic transition, experiencing slower population growth, a decline in its number of youths, and the gradual aging of its population. The increased use of family planning has substantially lowered El Salvador's fertility rate, from approximately 6 children per woman in the 1970s to replacement level today. A 2008 national family planning survey showed that female sterilization remained the most common contraception method in El Salvador - its sterilization rate is among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean - but that the use of injectable contraceptives is growing. Fertility differences between rich and poor and urban and rural women are narrowing.</p><p>Salvadorans fled during the 1979 to 1992 civil war mainly to the United States but also to Canada and to neighboring Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Emigration to the United States increased again in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of deteriorating economic conditions, natural disasters (Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and earthquakes in 2001), and family reunification. At least 20% of El Salvador's population lives abroad. The remittances they send home account for close to 20% of GDP, are the second largest source of external income after exports, and have helped reduce poverty.</p>"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "25.3% (male 855,841/female 818,642)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "66.3% (male 2,077,745/female 2,317,416)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "8.4% (2024 est.) (male 238,658/female 320,400)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "51.3"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "39"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "12.3"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "8.1 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "29.7 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "28.2 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "31.2 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.34% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "17.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-7.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "athough it is the smallest country in land area in Central America, El Salvador has a population that is 18 times larger than Belize; at least 20% of the population lives abroad; high population density country-wide, with particular concentration around the capital of San Salvador"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "75.4% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "1.116 million SAN SALVADOR (capital) (2023)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.9 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "20.8 years (2008 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "43 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "11.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "13.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "75.9 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "72.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "79.5 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.02 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.98 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "71.9% (2014)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 99.6% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 94.2% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0.4% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 5.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 1.8% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "9.9% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "2.87 physicians/1,000 population (2018)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 97.1% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 2.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.8% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "24.6% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "1.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "1.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "7.9% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14.1% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1.7% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "5% (2014)"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "55% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Child marriage": {
      "women married by age 15": {
        "text": "4.3%"
      },
      "women married by age 18": {
        "text": "19.7% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "89.1%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "91.3%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "87.3% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "12 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "12 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "12 years (2018)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Law of the Sea"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "74.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 33.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 10.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 30.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "13.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "11.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "75.4% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0.6% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "22.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "7.17 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "4.71 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "1,648,996 tons (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "470 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "210 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "1.43 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "26.27 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of El Salvador"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "El Salvador"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Rep&uacute;blica de El Salvador"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "El Salvador"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "San Salvador"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "13 42 N, 89 12 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Spanish for \"The Savior\" (referring to Jesus Christ)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulutan"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system with minor common law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "many previous; latest drafted 16 December 1983, enacted 23 December 1983"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposals require agreement by absolute majority of the Legislative Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on basic principles, and citizen rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003, 2009, 2014"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "5 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (since 1 June 2019)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2024:</em> Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez reelected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (Nuevas Ideas) 84.7%, Manuel FLORES (FMLN) 6.4%, Joel SANCHEZ (ARENA) 5.6%, Luis PARADA (NT) 2%, other 1.3%<br><br><em>2019:</em> Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez elected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (GANA) 53.1%, Carlos CALLEJA Hakker (ARENA) 31.7%, Hugo MARTINEZ (FMLN) 14.4%, other 0.8%"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the president is both chief of state and head of government"
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Legislative Assembly (Asamblea legislativa)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "60 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "proportional representation"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "3 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "2/4/2024"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "New Ideas (N) (54); Other (6)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "31.7%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "February 2027"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 15 judges, including its president, and 15 substitute judges organized into Constitutional, Civil, Penal, and Administrative Conflict Chambers)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges elected by the Legislative Assembly on the recommendation of both the National Council of the Judicature, an independent body elected by the Legislative Assembly, and the Bar Association; judges elected for 9-year terms, with renewal of one-third of membership every 3 years; consecutive reelection is allowed"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Appellate Courts; Courts of First Instance; Courts of Peace"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Christian Democratic Party or PDC<br>Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN<br>Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA<br>National Coalition Party or PCN<br>Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA<br>New Ideas (Nuevas Ideas) or NI<br>Our Time (Nuestro Tiempo) or NT<br>Vamos or V"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACS, BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Carmen Milena MAYORGA VALERA (since 23 December 2020)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1400 16th Street NW, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20036"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 595-7500"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 232-3763"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>infoEEUU@rree.gob.sv"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Aurora (CO), Boston, Charlotte (NC), Chicago, Dallas, Doral (FL), Duluth (GA), El Paso (TX), Elizabeth (NJ), Fresno (CA), Houston, Las Vegas (NV), Laredo (TX), Long Island (NY), Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), New York, Omaha (NE), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Silver Spring (MD), Springdale (AR), St. Paul (MN), Tucson (AZ), Woodbridge (VA)"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador William H. DUNCAN (since 24 January 2023)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Final Boulevard Santa Elena, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3450 San Salvador Place, Washington, DC 20521-3450"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[503] 2501-2999"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[503] 2501-2150"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>ACSSanSal@state.gov<br><br>https://sv.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of cobalt blue (top), white, and cobalt blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water, as well as peace and prosperity",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "turquoise-browed motmot (bird); national colors: blue, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Himno Nacional de El Salvador\" (National Anthem of El Salvador)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Juan Jose CANAS/Juan ABERLE"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> officially adopted 1953, in use since 1879; at 4:20 minutes, the anthem of El Salvador is one of the world's longest"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "1 (cultural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Joya de Cer&eacute;n Archaeological Site"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "growth-challenged Central American economy buttressed via remittances; dense labor force; fairly aggressive COVID-19 stimulus plan; new and lower banking reserve requirements; earthquake, tropical storm, and crime disruptions; widespread corruption"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$71.957 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$69.516 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$67.623 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "3.51% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "2.8% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "11.9% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$11,400 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$11,100 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$10,800 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$34.016 billion (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
        "text": "4.05% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
        "text": "7.2% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "3.47% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Fitch rating": {
        "text": "B- (2017)"
      },
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "B3 (2018)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "B- (2018)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "4.6% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "25% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "59.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "81.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "18% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "22% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-2.7% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "31.1% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-49.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugarcane, maize, milk, chicken, beans, sorghum, coconuts, oranges, eggs, yautia (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4.12% (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "2.839 million (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2023": {
        "text": "2.76% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "3% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "4.33% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "7.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "5.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "26.6% (2022 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022": {
        "text": "38.8 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
    },
    "Average household expenditures": {
      "on food": {
        "text": "26.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)"
      },
      "on alcohol and tobacco": {
        "text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1.9% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "28.7% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "24.09% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "24.54% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "26.25% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$9.359 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$9.371 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2023": {
        "text": "101.7% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "20.61% (of GDP) (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "-$465.688 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "-$2.182 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$1.25 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$10.629 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$10.164 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$8.351 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "US 38%, Guatemala 16%, Honduras 16%, Nicaragua 7%, Costa Rica 4% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "garments, plastic products, electrical capacitors, fabric, raw sugar (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$17.032 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$18.184 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$15.483 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "US 30%, China 16%, Guatemala 12%, Mexico 8%, Honduras 6% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, garments, natural gas, plastic products, plastics (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
        "text": "$3.426 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
        "text": "$3.083 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019": {
        "text": "$4.446 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 2023": {
        "text": "$13.076 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "the US dollar is used as a medium of exchange and circulates freely in the economy"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "2.853 million kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "6.666 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "85.75 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "1.351 billion kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "953.156 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "9.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "16.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "35.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "geothermal": {
        "text": "24.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "14.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "consumption": {
        "text": "500 metric tons (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "2,000 metric tons (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "3 bbl/day (2023 est.)"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "58,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "consumption": {
        "text": "226.472 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "226.472 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "8.256 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "1,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "7.814 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "441,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2022": {
        "text": "23.672 million Btu/person (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "863,000 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "14 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "11.5 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "182 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "El Salvador is the smallest country in central America geographically, it has the fourth largest economy in the region; the country&rsquo;s telecom sector has been restricted by poor infrastructure and unequal income distribution; there have been organizational delays which have slowed the development of telecom services; El Salvador&rsquo;s fixed-line teledensity is substantially lower than the Latin American and Caribbean average; there has been a significant drop in the number of fixed lines since 2010, particularly in 2017, largely due to the substitution for mobile-only alternatives; about 94% of all telephony lines in the country are on mobile networks; mobile subscriptions are remarkably high considering El Salvador&rsquo;s economic indicators, being about a third higher than average for Latin America and the Caribbean; the country was one of the last in the region to provide LTE services, mainly due to the inadequate provision of suitable spectrum; the multi-spectrum auction conducted at the end of 2019 has allowed MNOs to improve the reach and quality of their service offerings; El Salvador&rsquo;s telecom legislation is one of the more liberal in Latin America, encouraging competition in most areas and permitting foreign investment; there are no regulations which promote wholesale broadband; the only effective cross-platform competition in the broadband market comes from the few cable operators; there has been some market consolidation in recent years (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line services, roughly 14 per 100, mobile-cellular competition now at 175 subscribers per 100 inhabitants (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "multiple privately owned national terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international channels; hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations and two known government-owned radio broadcast station; transition to digital transmission to begin in 2018 along with adaptation of the Japanese-Brazilian Digital Standard (ISDB-T) (2022)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".sv"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "63% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "671,000 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "11 (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "13"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "2,545,105 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "10.73 million (2018) mt-km"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "YS"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "27 (2024)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "12.5 km (2014)"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "12.5 km (2014) 0.914-mm gauge"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9,012 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "5,341 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "3,671 km (2017)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "422 km (2022) (Rio Lempa River is partially navigable by small craft)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "other 5"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "3 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Acajutla, Acajutla Offshore Terminal, La Union"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "the Armed Force of El Salvador (La Fuerza Armada de El Salvador, FAES): Army of El Salvador (Ejercito de El Salvador, ES), Navy of El Salvador (Fuerza Naval de El Salvador, FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS) (2024)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Civil Police (Policia Nacional Civil, PNC) are under the Ministry of Justice and Public Safety; in 2016, El Salvador created a combined Army commando and PNC unit to combat criminal gang violence"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2023": {
        "text": "1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2022": {
        "text": "1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "approximately 25,000 active military personnel (21,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2024)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the FAES is lightly armed with an inventory of mostly older imported arms and equipment, largely from the US&nbsp; (2023)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-30 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; service obligation is 12 months, with 11 months for officers and non-commissioned officers (2023)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the Armed Force of El Salvador (FAES) is responsible for defending national sovereignty and ensuring territorial integrity but also has considerable domestic security responsibilities; while the National Civil Police (PNC) is responsible for maintaining public security, the country’s constitution allows the president to use the FAES “in exceptional circumstances” to maintain internal peace and public security; in 2016, the government created a special 1,000-strong joint unit of Army commandos and police to fight criminal gangs; more military personnel were devoted to internal security beginning in 2019 when President BUKELE signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat rising gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; since the decree, a considerable portion of the Army has been deployed in support of the PNC; in multiple cases since 2022, for example, as many as 8,000 troops have been deployed alongside thousands of police on single operations against criminal gang members <br><br>the FAES exercises with regional partners and the US, in such areas as internal security and disaster relief operations; it has deployed small numbers of personnel on UN peacekeeping missions and in support of military operations in Iraq (2003-2009) <br><br>the military led the country for much of the 20th century; from 1980 to 1992, it fought a bloody civil war against guerrillas from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front or FMLN, the paramilitary arm of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (Frente Democrático Revolucionario), a coalition of left-wing dissident political groups backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union; the FAES received considerable US support during the conflict; significant human rights violations occurred during the war and approximately 75,000 Salvadorans, mostly civilians, were killed (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "52,000 (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>a transit country for illicit drugs destined for the United States;  a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p> <p> </p>"
    }
  }
}