factbook.json/australia-oceania/nr.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "By 1000 B.C., Micronesian and Polynesian settlers inhabited Nauru, and the island was divided among 12 clans. Nauru developed in relative isolation because ocean currents made landfall on the island difficult. As a result, the Nauruan language does not clearly resemble any other in the Pacific region. In 1798, a British mariner was the first European to spot the island and by 1830, European whalers used Nauru as a supply stop, trading firearms for food. A civil war in 1878 reduced the population by more than a third. Germany forcibly annexed Nauru in 1888 by holding the 12 chiefs under house arrest until they consented to the annexation. Phosphate was discovered in 1900 and was heavily mined, although Nauru and Nauruans earned about one tenth of one percent of the profits from the phosphate deposits.<br><br>Australian forces captured Nauru from Germany during World War I, and in 1919, it was placed under a joint Australian-British-New Zealand mandate with Australian administration. Japan occupied Nauru during World War II and used its residents as forced labor elsewhere in the Pacific while destroying much of the infrastructure on the island. After the war, Nauru became a UN trust territory under Australian administration. In 1962, recognizing the phosphate stocks would eventually be depleted, Australian Prime Minister Robert MENZIES offered to resettle all Nauruans on Curtis Island in Queensland, but Nauruans rejected that plan and opted for independence, which was achieved in 1968. In 1970, Nauru purchased the phosphate mining assets, and income from the mines made Nauruans among the richest people in the world. However, a series of unwise investments led to near bankruptcy by 2000. Widespread phosphate mining officially ceased in 2006. <br><br>As its economy faltered, Nauru briefly tried to rebrand itself as an offshore banking haven, an initiative that ended in 2005, and the country made a successful bid for Russian humanitarian aid in 2008. In 2001, Australia set up the Nauru Regional Processing Center (NRPC), an offshore refugee detention facility, paying Nauru per person at the center. The NRPC closed in 2008 but reopened in 2012. The number of refugees steadily declined after 2014, and in 2020, the remaining people were moved to Brisbane, Australia, effectively shuttering the NRPC. However, in 2023, Australia agreed to continue funding NRPC for two years and restarted settling asylees in the center in mid-2023. The center remains the Government of Nauru’s largest source of income."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "0 32 S, 166 55 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Oceania"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "21 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "21 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "30 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Command Ridge 70 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Pacific Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "phosphates, fish"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "20% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 20% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "80% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "0 sq km (2022)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "extensive phosphate mining made approximately 90% of the island unsuitable for farming; most people live in the fertile coastal areas, especially along the southwest coast"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "periodic droughts"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world behind the Holy See (Vatican City) and Monaco; it is the smallest country in the Pacific Ocean, the smallest country outside Europe, the world's smallest island country, and the world's smallest independent republic; situated just 53 km south of the Equator, Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean -- the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9,892"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "4,856"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "5,036 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Nauruan(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Nauruan"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Nauruan 94.6%, I-Kiribati 2.2%, Fijian 1.3%, other 1.9% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Nauruan 93% (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English 2% (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes), other 5% (includes Gilbertese 2% and Chinese 2%) (2011 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent main language spoken at home; Nauruan is spoken by 95% of the population, English by 66%, and other languages by 12%"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 60.4% (Nauruan Congregational 34.7%, Assemblies of God 11.6%, Pacific Light House 6.3%, Nauru Independent 3.6%, Baptist 1.5, Seventh Day Adventist 1.3%, other Protestant 1.4%), Roman Catholic 33.9%, other 4.2%, none 1.3%, no answer 0.3% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "29.6% (male 1,493/female 1,433)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "66% (male 3,220/female 3,309)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "4.4% (2024 est.) (male 143/female 294)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "69.9"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "66"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "3.9"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "25.8 (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "27.8 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "27.3 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "28.4 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.39% (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "20.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-9.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "extensive phosphate mining made approximately 90% of the island unsuitable for farming; most people live in the fertile coastal areas, especially along the southwest coast"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.97 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.49 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "68.6 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "65 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "72.3 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.55 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "1.25 (2024 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "12% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "1.35 physicians/1,000 population (2015)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 96.3% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 96.3% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 3.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 3.7% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "61% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2.44 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "0.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "48.5% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "47.8% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "49.1% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "59.6% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "7.1% of GDP (2021) NA"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "limited natural freshwater resources, roof storage tanks that collect rainwater and desalination plants provide water; a century of intensive phosphate mining beginning in 1906 left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland; cadmium residue, phosphate dust, and other contaminants have caused air and water pollution with negative impacts on health; climate change has brought on rising sea levels and inland water shortages"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "20% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 20% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "80% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "7.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.05 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.01 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "6,192 tons (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Nauru"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Nauru"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Nauru"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Nauru"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Pleasant Island"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the island name may derive from the Nauruan word \"anaoero\" meaning \"I go to the beach\""
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "no official capital; government offices in the Yaren District"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baitsi, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 31 January (1968)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and customary law"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "effective 29 January 1968"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the executive and legislative branches, also require two-thirds majority of votes in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "20 years of age; universal and compulsory"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President David ADEANG (since 30 October 2023)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President David ADEANG (since 30 October 2023)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of Parliament"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for 3-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 30 October 2023 (next to be held in 2026)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2023:</em> David ADEAGN elected president over Delvin THOMA, 10-8<br><br><em>2022:</em> Russ KUN elected president unopposed"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the president is both chief of state and head of government"
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Parliament"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "19 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "plurality/majority"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "3 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "9/24/2022"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "10.5%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "September 2025"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - in late 2017, the Nauruan Government revoked the 1976 High Court Appeals Act, which had allowed appeals beyond the Nauruan Supreme Court, and in early 2018, the government formed its own appeals court"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges appointed by the president to serve until age 65"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "District Court, Family Court"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Nauru does not have formal political parties; alliances within the government are often formed based on extended family ties"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICCt, IFAD, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Lara Erab DANIEL (since 13 January 2025); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "801 2nd Avenue, Third Floor, New York, NY 10017"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 937-0074"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 937-0079"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>nauru@onecommonwealth.org<br><br>https://www.un.int/nauru/"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "blue with a narrow, horizontal, gold stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; blue stands for the Pacific Ocean, the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the gold stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru; the star's white color represents phosphate, the basis of the island's wealth"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "frigatebird, calophyllum flower; national colors: blue, yellow, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Nauru Bwiema\" (Song of Nauru)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Margaret HENDRIE/Laurence Henry HICKS"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1968"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "upper-middle-income Pacific island country; phosphate resource exhaustion made island interior uninhabitable; licenses fishing rights; houses Australia&rsquo;s Regional Processing Centre; former tax haven; largely dependent on foreign subsidies"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$147.996 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$147.127 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$142.811 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "0.59% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "3.02% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "7.75% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$12,500 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$12,500 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$12,200 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$154.17 million (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "8.2% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "42.7% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-98.7% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "coconuts, tropical fruits, pork, eggs, pork offal, pork fat, chicken, papayas, vegetables, cabbages (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "0.57% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "0.59% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "0.68% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$199.728 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$132.607 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "62% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "44.4% (of GDP) (2020 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "$1.923 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "$2.966 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "$6.597 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$64.931 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$78.383 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$54.403 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Thailand 59%, Philippines 19%, South Korea 11%, India 3%, Japan 2% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "fish, phosphates, gas turbines, power equipment, plastic products (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$150.193 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$165.371 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$141.185 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Australia 47%, China 17%, Japan 12%, Fiji 11%, NZ 2% (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "ships, plastic products, other foods, cars, refined petroleum (2022)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "1.505 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "1.442 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "19,000 kW (2022 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "37.48 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "3.922 million kWh (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "88.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "11.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "500 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "70,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "70,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "0 (2019 est.) 0"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "(2022 est.) less than 1"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "10,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "80 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "relies on satellite as the primary Internet service provider and mobile operator; internet connectivity on the island is very limited and unstable due to the vulnerability of the network infrastructure to bad weather and limited network coverage, with several blind spots (2022)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line 0 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscribership approximately 80 per 100 (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "1 government-owned TV station broadcasting programs from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1 government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes Australian and British programs (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".nr"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "83% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,000 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "10 (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "5"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "45,457 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "7.94 million (2018) mt-km"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "C2"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "1 (2024)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "30 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "24 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "6 km (2002)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "6 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "other 6"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "1 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Nauru"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; the police force, under the Minister for Police and Emergency Services, maintains internal security and, as necessary, external security (2024)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia; under the terms of a security deal signed in December 2024, Nauru pledged to seek Australia’s agreement before it signed any bilateral accords on maritime security, defense, and policing, and would receive economic assistance from Australia, including to its police force<br><br>Nauru has a \"shiprider\" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Nauru's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; \"shiprider\" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2024)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "stateless persons": {
        "text": "140 (2022)"
      }
    }
  }
}