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JSON
1084 lines
No EOL
39 KiB
JSON
{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "<p>Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited Sao Tome and Principe islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century -- all grown with African slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. <br><br>The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling among the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no-confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but legislative elections returned him to the office two years later. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as TROVOADA, was elected in 2016, marking a rare instance in which the same party held the positions of president and prime minister. TROVOADA resigned in 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in 2021. TROVOADA began his fourth stint as prime minister in 2022, after his party's victory in legislative elections. </p>"
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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"Location": {
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"text": "Central Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, just north of the Equator, west of Gabon"
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},
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"Geographic coordinates": {
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"text": "1 00 N, 7 00 E"
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},
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"Map references": {
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"text": "Africa"
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},
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"Area": {
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"total ": {
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"text": "964 sq km"
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},
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"land": {
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"text": "964 sq km"
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},
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"water": {
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"text": "0 sq km"
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}
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "more than five times the size of Washington, DC"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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"text": "0 km"
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}
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},
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"Coastline": {
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"text": "209 km"
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},
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"Maritime claims": {
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"territorial sea": {
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"text": "12 nm"
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},
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"exclusive economic zone": {
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"text": "200 nm"
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},
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"note": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines"
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},
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"Climate": {
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"text": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)"
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},
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"Terrain": {
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"text": "volcanic, mountainous"
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},
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"Elevation": {
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"highest point": {
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"text": "Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m"
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},
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"lowest point": {
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"text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
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}
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},
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"Natural resources": {
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"text": "fish, hydropower"
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},
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"Land use": {
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"agricultural land": {
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"text": "50.7% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"arable land": {
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"text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"permanent crops": {
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"text": "permanent crops: 40.6% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"permanent pasture": {
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"text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"forest": {
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"text": "28.1% (2018 est.)"
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},
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"other": {
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"text": "21.2% (2018 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Irrigated land": {
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"text": "100 sq km (2012)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "Sao Tome, the capital city, has roughly a quarter of the nation's population; Santo Antonio is the largest town on Principe; the northern areas of both islands have the highest population densities as shown in this population distribution map"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "flooding"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "the second-smallest African country (after the Seychelles); the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes, and both are mountainous"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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"Population": {
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"total": {
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"text": "223,561"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "111,553"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "112,008 (2024 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Nationality": {
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"noun": {
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"text": "Sao Tomean(s)"
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},
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"adjective": {
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"text": "Sao Tomean"
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}
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},
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"Ethnic groups": {
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"text": "Mestico, Angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), Forros (descendants of freed slaves), Servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cabo Verde), Tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese), Asians (mostly Chinese)"
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},
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"Languages": {
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"text": "Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, other (including sign language) 2.4%; other Portuguese-based Creoles are also spoken (2012 est.)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> shares of language sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census"
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},
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"Religions": {
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"text": "Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%, Assembly of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana 2.3%, Universal Kingdom of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%, unspecified 1% (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Demographic profile": {
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"text": "<p>Sao Tome and Principe’s youthful age structure – more than 60% of the population is under the age of 25 as of 2020 – and high fertility rate ensure future population growth. Although Sao Tome has a net negative international migration rate, emigration is not a sufficient safety valve to reduce already high levels of unemployment and poverty. While literacy and primary school attendance have improved in recent years, Sao Tome still struggles to improve its educational quality and to increase its secondary school completion rate. Despite some improvements in education and access to healthcare, Sao Tome and Principe has much to do to decrease its high poverty rate, create jobs, and increase its economic growth.</p> <p>The population of Sao Tome and Principe descends primarily from the islands’ colonial Portuguese settlers, who first arrived in the late 15th century, and the much larger number of African slaves brought in for sugar production and the slave trade. For about 100 years after the abolition of slavery in 1876, the population was further shaped by the widespread use of imported unskilled contract laborers from Portugal’s other African colonies, who worked on coffee and cocoa plantations. In the first decades after abolition, most workers were brought from Angola under a system similar to slavery. While Angolan laborers were technically free, they were forced or coerced into long contracts that were automatically renewed and extended to their children. Other contract workers from Mozambique and famine-stricken Cape Verde first arrived in the early 20th century under short-term contracts and had the option of repatriation, although some chose to remain in Sao Tome and Principe.</p> <p>Today’s Sao Tomean population consists of mesticos (creole descendants of the European immigrants and African slaves that first inhabited the islands), forros (descendants of freed African slaves), angolares (descendants of runaway African slaves that formed a community in the south of Sao Tome Island and today are fishermen), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (locally born children of contract laborers), and lesser numbers of Europeans and Asians.</p>"
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},
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"Age structure": {
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "36.4% (male 41,337/female 40,106)"
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},
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"15-64 years": {
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"text": "60.3% (male 67,101/female 67,775)"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "3.2% (2024 est.) (male 3,115/female 4,127)"
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}
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},
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"Dependency ratios": {
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"total dependency ratio": {
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"text": "77.9"
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},
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"youth dependency ratio": {
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"text": "71.2"
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},
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"elderly dependency ratio": {
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"text": "6.7"
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},
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"potential support ratio": {
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"text": "14.9 (2021 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Median age": {
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"total": {
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"text": "20.8 years (2024 est.)"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "20.4 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "21.2 years"
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}
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},
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"Population growth rate": {
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"text": "1.42% (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Birth rate": {
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"text": "26.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Death rate": {
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"text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Net migration rate": {
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"text": "-6.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Population distribution": {
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"text": "Sao Tome, the capital city, has roughly a quarter of the nation's population; Santo Antonio is the largest town on Principe; the northern areas of both islands have the highest population densities as shown in this population distribution map"
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},
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"Urbanization": {
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"urban population": {
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"text": "76.4% of total population (2023)"
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},
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"rate of urbanization": {
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"text": "2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Major urban areas - population": {
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"text": "80,000 SAO TOME (capital) (2018)"
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},
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"Sex ratio": {
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"at birth": {
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"text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
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},
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"0-14 years": {
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"text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
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},
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"15-64 years": {
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"text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
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},
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"65 years and over": {
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"text": "0.75 male(s)/female"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "19.4 years (2008/09 est.)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
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},
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"Maternal mortality ratio": {
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"text": "146 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Infant mortality rate": {
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"total": {
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"text": "42.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "46.1 deaths/1,000 live births"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "39 deaths/1,000 live births"
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}
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},
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"Life expectancy at birth": {
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"total population": {
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"text": "67.7 years (2024 est.)"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "66 years"
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},
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"female": {
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"text": "69.4 years"
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}
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},
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"Total fertility rate": {
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"text": "3.31 children born/woman (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Gross reproduction rate": {
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"text": "1.63 (2024 est.)"
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},
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"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
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"text": "49.7% (2019)"
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},
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"Drinking water source": {
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"improved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 100% of population"
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},
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"improved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 94% of population"
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},
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"improved: total": {
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"text": "total: 98.5% of population"
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},
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"unimproved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 0% of population"
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},
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"unimproved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 6% of population"
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},
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"unimproved: total": {
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"text": "total: 1.5% of population (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Current health expenditure": {
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"text": "7.8% of GDP (2021)"
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},
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"Physician density": {
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"text": "0.49 physicians/1,000 population (2019)"
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},
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"Hospital bed density": {
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"text": "2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
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},
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"Sanitation facility access": {
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"improved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 57.1% of population"
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},
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"improved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 42.8% of population"
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},
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"improved: total": {
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"text": "total: 53.4% of population"
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},
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"unimproved: urban": {
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"text": "urban: 42.9% of population"
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},
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"unimproved: rural": {
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"text": "rural: 57.2% of population"
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},
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"unimproved: total": {
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"text": "total: 46.6% of population (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
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"text": "12.4% (2016)"
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},
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"Alcohol consumption per capita": {
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"total": {
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"text": "4.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
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},
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"beer": {
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"text": "0.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
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},
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"wine": {
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"text": "3.58 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
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},
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"spirits": {
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"text": "0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
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},
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"other alcohols": {
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"text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Tobacco use": {
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"total": {
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"text": "5.7% (2020 est.)"
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},
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"male": {
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"text": "10.1% (2020 est.)"
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||
},
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"female": {
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"text": "1.3% (2020 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
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"text": "5.4% (2019)"
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},
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"Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
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"text": "51.9% (2023 est.)"
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},
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"Child marriage": {
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||
"women married by age 15": {
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||
"text": "5.4%"
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},
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"women married by age 18": {
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"text": "28%"
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||
},
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||
"men married by age 18": {
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||
"text": "3.1% (2019 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Education expenditures": {
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"text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
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},
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"Literacy": {
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"definition": {
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"text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
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},
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"total population": {
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"text": "94.8%"
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||
},
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||
"male": {
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||
"text": "96.5%"
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},
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"female": {
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||
"text": "91.1% (2021)"
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||
}
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},
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"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
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"total": {
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"text": "12 years"
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},
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||
"male": {
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||
"text": "12 years"
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||
},
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"female": {
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"text": "13 years (2015)"
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}
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}
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},
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"Environment": {
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"Environment - current issues": {
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"text": "deforestation and illegal logging; soil erosion and exhaustion; inadequate sewage treatment in cities; biodiversity preservation"
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},
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"Environment - international agreements": {
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"party to": {
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"text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling"
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},
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||
"signed, but not ratified": {
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||
"text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban"
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}
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},
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"Climate": {
|
||
"text": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)"
|
||
},
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||
"Land use": {
|
||
"agricultural land": {
|
||
"text": "50.7% (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"arable land": {
|
||
"text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"permanent crops": {
|
||
"text": "permanent crops: 40.6% (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"permanent pasture": {
|
||
"text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"forest": {
|
||
"text": "28.1% (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"other": {
|
||
"text": "21.2% (2018 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Urbanization": {
|
||
"urban population": {
|
||
"text": "76.4% of total population (2023)"
|
||
},
|
||
"rate of urbanization": {
|
||
"text": "2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Revenue from forest resources": {
|
||
"text": "1.9% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Revenue from coal": {
|
||
"text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Air pollutants": {
|
||
"particulate matter emissions": {
|
||
"text": "33.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
|
||
"text": "0.12 megatons (2016 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"methane emissions": {
|
||
"text": "0.04 megatons (2020 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Waste and recycling": {
|
||
"municipal solid waste generated annually": {
|
||
"text": "25,587 tons (2014 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Total water withdrawal": {
|
||
"municipal": {
|
||
"text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"industrial": {
|
||
"text": "600,000 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"agricultural": {
|
||
"text": "30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Total renewable water resources": {
|
||
"text": "2.18 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Government": {
|
||
"Country name": {
|
||
"conventional long form": {
|
||
"text": "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe"
|
||
},
|
||
"conventional short form": {
|
||
"text": "Sao Tome and Principe"
|
||
},
|
||
"local long form": {
|
||
"text": "Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe"
|
||
},
|
||
"local short form": {
|
||
"text": "Sao Tome e Principe"
|
||
},
|
||
"etymology": {
|
||
"text": "Sao Tome was named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day; Principe is a shortening of the original Portuguese name of \"Ilha do Principe\" (Isle of the Prince) referring to the Prince of Portugal to whom duties on the island's sugar crop were paid"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Government type": {
|
||
"text": "semi-presidential republic"
|
||
},
|
||
"Capital": {
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"text": "Sao Tome"
|
||
},
|
||
"geographic coordinates": {
|
||
"text": "0 20 N, 6 44 E"
|
||
},
|
||
"time difference": {
|
||
"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
|
||
},
|
||
"etymology": {
|
||
"text": "named after Saint Thomas the Apostle"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Administrative divisions": {
|
||
"text": "6 districts (distritos, singular - distrito), 1 autonomous region* (regiao autonoma); Agua Grande, Cantagalo, Caue, Lemba, Lobata, Me-Zochi, Principe*"
|
||
},
|
||
"Independence": {
|
||
"text": "12 July 1975 (from Portugal)"
|
||
},
|
||
"National holiday": {
|
||
"text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1975)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Legal system": {
|
||
"text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on the Portuguese model and customary law"
|
||
},
|
||
"Constitution": {
|
||
"history": {
|
||
"text": "approved 5 November 1975"
|
||
},
|
||
"amendments": {
|
||
"text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the Assembly can propose to the president of the republic that an amendment be submitted to a referendum; revised several times, last in 2006"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"International law organization participation": {
|
||
"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
|
||
},
|
||
"Citizenship": {
|
||
"citizenship by birth": {
|
||
"text": "no"
|
||
},
|
||
"citizenship by descent only": {
|
||
"text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Sao Tome and Principe"
|
||
},
|
||
"dual citizenship recognized": {
|
||
"text": "no"
|
||
},
|
||
"residency requirement for naturalization": {
|
||
"text": "5 years"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Suffrage": {
|
||
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
|
||
},
|
||
"Executive branch": {
|
||
"chief of state": {
|
||
"text": "President Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (since 2 October 2021)"
|
||
},
|
||
"head of government": {
|
||
"text": "Prime Minister Américo d'Oliveira DOS RAMOS (since 12 January 2025) "
|
||
},
|
||
"cabinet": {
|
||
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president"
|
||
},
|
||
"elections/appointments": {
|
||
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 July 2021 with a runoff on 5 September 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president"
|
||
},
|
||
"election results": {
|
||
"text": "<br><em>2021: </em>Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 39.5%; Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 20.8%; Delfim NEVES (PCD-GR) 16.9%; Abel BOM JESUS (independent) 3.6%; Maria DAS NEVES (independent) 3.3%; other 15.9%; percent of the vote in second round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA 57.5%, Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA 42.5%<em><br><br><em>2016: </em></em>Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP-PSD) 24.1%; note - first round results for CARVALHO were revised downward from just over 50%, prompting the 7 August runoff; however, on 1 August 2016 DA COSTA withdrew from the runoff, citing voting irregularities, and Evaristo CARVALHO was declared the winner"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Legislative branch": {
|
||
"legislature name": {
|
||
"text": "National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional)"
|
||
},
|
||
"legislative structure": {
|
||
"text": "unicameral"
|
||
},
|
||
"number of seats": {
|
||
"text": "55 (all directly elected)"
|
||
},
|
||
"electoral system": {
|
||
"text": "proportional representation"
|
||
},
|
||
"scope of elections": {
|
||
"text": "full renewal"
|
||
},
|
||
"term in office": {
|
||
"text": "4 years"
|
||
},
|
||
"most recent election date": {
|
||
"text": "9/25/2022"
|
||
},
|
||
"parties elected and seats per party": {
|
||
"text": "Independent Democratic Alliance (ADI) (30); Sao Tome and Principe Liberation Movement/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP - PSD) (18); Movement of Independent Citizens - Socialist Party (MCI - PS) - National Unity Party (PUN) (5); Other (2)"
|
||
},
|
||
"percentage of women in chamber": {
|
||
"text": "14.5%"
|
||
},
|
||
"expected date of next election": {
|
||
"text": "September 2026"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||
"text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal Justica (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 5 judges, 3 of whom are from the Supreme Court)"
|
||
},
|
||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||
"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms"
|
||
},
|
||
"subordinate courts": {
|
||
"text": "Court of First Instance; Audit Court"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Political parties": {
|
||
"text": "BASTA Movement <br>Independent Democratic Action or ADI <br>Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD <br>Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe - Socialist Party or MCI-PS <br>National Unity Party or PUN"
|
||
},
|
||
"International organization participation": {
|
||
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
|
||
"chief of mission": {
|
||
"text": "Ambassador (vacant)"
|
||
},
|
||
"chancery": {
|
||
"text": "122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604<br>New York, NY 101168"
|
||
},
|
||
"telephone": {
|
||
"text": "[1] (212) 317-0533"
|
||
},
|
||
"FAX": {
|
||
"text": "[1] (212) 317-0580"
|
||
},
|
||
"email address and website": {
|
||
"text": "<br>stp1@attglobal.net<br><br>Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
|
||
"embassy": {
|
||
"text": "the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the US Ambassador to Angola is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe"
|
||
},
|
||
"mailing address": {
|
||
"text": "2290 Sao Tome Place, Washington DC 20521-2290"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Flag description": {
|
||
"text": "three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; green stands for the country's rich vegetation, red recalls the struggle for independence, and yellow represents cocoa, one of the country's main agricultural products; the two stars symbolize the two main islands",
|
||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia"
|
||
},
|
||
"National symbol(s)": {
|
||
"text": "palm tree; national colors: green, yellow, red, black"
|
||
},
|
||
"National anthem": {
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"text": "\"Independencia total\" (Total Independence)"
|
||
},
|
||
"lyrics/music": {
|
||
"text": "Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1975"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Economy": {
|
||
"Economic overview": {
|
||
"text": "lower middle-income Central African island economy; falling cocoa production due to drought and mismanagement; joint oil venture with Nigeria; government owns 90% of land; high debt, partly from fuel subsidies; tourism gutted by COVID-19"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
|
||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
|
||
"text": "$1.279 billion (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
|
||
"text": "$1.275 billion (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
|
||
"text": "$1.272 billion (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP growth rate": {
|
||
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
|
||
"text": "0.37% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
|
||
"text": "0.17% (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
|
||
"text": "1.9% (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP per capita": {
|
||
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
|
||
"text": "$5,500 (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
|
||
"text": "$5,600 (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
|
||
"text": "$5,700 (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
|
||
"text": "$678.976 million (2023 est.)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
|
||
},
|
||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
|
||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
|
||
"text": "21.26% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
|
||
"text": "18.01% (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
|
||
"text": "8.14% (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
|
||
},
|
||
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
|
||
"agriculture": {
|
||
"text": "13.7% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"industry": {
|
||
"text": "2.8% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"services": {
|
||
"text": "75.9% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
|
||
},
|
||
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
|
||
"household consumption": {
|
||
"text": "81.4% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"government consumption": {
|
||
"text": "17.6% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"investment in fixed capital": {
|
||
"text": "33.4% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"investment in inventories": {
|
||
"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"exports of goods and services": {
|
||
"text": "7.9% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"imports of goods and services": {
|
||
"text": "-40.4% (2017 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Agricultural products": {
|
||
"text": "plantains, oil palm fruit, taro, bananas, fruits, cocoa beans, yams, coconuts, cassava, vegetables (2023)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
|
||
},
|
||
"Industries": {
|
||
"text": "light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber"
|
||
},
|
||
"Industrial production growth rate": {
|
||
"text": "-2.06% (2023 est.)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
|
||
},
|
||
"Labor force": {
|
||
"text": "77,000 (2023 est.)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
|
||
},
|
||
"Unemployment rate": {
|
||
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
|
||
"text": "14.21% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
|
||
"text": "14.12% (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
|
||
"text": "15.04% (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
|
||
},
|
||
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
|
||
"total": {
|
||
"text": "21.1% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"male": {
|
||
"text": "15.3% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"female": {
|
||
"text": "33.5% (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
|
||
},
|
||
"Population below poverty line": {
|
||
"text": "55.5% (2017 est.)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
|
||
},
|
||
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
|
||
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017": {
|
||
"text": "40.7 (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
|
||
},
|
||
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
|
||
"lowest 10%": {
|
||
"text": "2.6% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"highest 10%": {
|
||
"text": "32.8% (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
|
||
},
|
||
"Remittances": {
|
||
"Remittances 2023": {
|
||
"text": "1.47% of GDP (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Remittances 2022": {
|
||
"text": "1.88% of GDP (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Remittances 2021": {
|
||
"text": "2.02% of GDP (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
|
||
},
|
||
"Budget": {
|
||
"revenues": {
|
||
"text": "$128.764 million (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"expenditures": {
|
||
"text": "$122.193 million (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
|
||
},
|
||
"Public debt": {
|
||
"Public debt 2017": {
|
||
"text": "88.4% of GDP (2017 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Taxes and other revenues": {
|
||
"text": "26.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Current account balance": {
|
||
"Current account balance 2022": {
|
||
"text": "-$79.437 million (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Current account balance 2021": {
|
||
"text": "-$95.248 million (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Current account balance 2020": {
|
||
"text": "-$59.595 million (2020 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exports": {
|
||
"Exports 2022": {
|
||
"text": "$96.977 million (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exports 2021": {
|
||
"text": "$75.256 million (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exports 2020": {
|
||
"text": "$49.337 million (2020 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exports - partners": {
|
||
"text": "Pakistan 54%, Germany 11%, Netherlands 7%, France 5%, UAE 3% (2023)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exports - commodities": {
|
||
"text": "crude petroleum, cocoa beans, vehicle parts/accessories, palm oil, aircraft parts (2023)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Imports": {
|
||
"Imports 2022": {
|
||
"text": "$219.322 million (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Imports 2021": {
|
||
"text": "$201.145 million (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Imports 2020": {
|
||
"text": "$160.097 million (2020 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Imports - partners": {
|
||
"text": "Portugal 35%, Angola 13%, Gabon 11%, Japan 8%, China 6% (2023)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
|
||
},
|
||
"Imports - commodities": {
|
||
"text": "ships, refined petroleum, rice, electric generating sets, cars (2023)",
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
|
||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
|
||
"text": "$46.247 million (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
|
||
"text": "$64.476 million (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
|
||
"text": "$75.017 million (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Debt - external": {
|
||
"Debt - external 2023": {
|
||
"text": "$352.814 million (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exchange rates": {
|
||
"Currency": {
|
||
"text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar -"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exchange rates 2023": {
|
||
"text": "22.658 (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exchange rates 2022": {
|
||
"text": "23.29 (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exchange rates 2021": {
|
||
"text": "20.71 (2021 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exchange rates 2020": {
|
||
"text": "21.507 (2020 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Exchange rates 2019": {
|
||
"text": "21.885 (2019 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Energy": {
|
||
"Electricity access": {
|
||
"electrification - total population": {
|
||
"text": "78% (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"electrification - urban areas": {
|
||
"text": "80%"
|
||
},
|
||
"electrification - rural areas": {
|
||
"text": "73.7%"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Electricity": {
|
||
"installed generating capacity": {
|
||
"text": "30,000 kW (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"consumption": {
|
||
"text": "95.235 million kWh (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"transmission/distribution losses": {
|
||
"text": "40.95 million kWh (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Electricity generation sources": {
|
||
"fossil fuels": {
|
||
"text": "95.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"hydroelectricity": {
|
||
"text": "4.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Coal": {
|
||
"imports": {
|
||
"text": "(2022 est.) less than 1 metric ton"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Petroleum": {
|
||
"refined petroleum consumption": {
|
||
"text": "1,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Carbon dioxide emissions": {
|
||
"total emissions": {
|
||
"text": "162,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"from petroleum and other liquids": {
|
||
"text": "162,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Energy consumption per capita": {
|
||
"Total energy consumption per capita 2022": {
|
||
"text": "9.873 million Btu/person (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Communications": {
|
||
"Telephones - fixed lines": {
|
||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||
"text": "2,000 (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||
"text": "1 (2023 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
|
||
"total subscriptions": {
|
||
"text": "152,000 (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||
"text": "87 (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Telecommunication systems": {
|
||
"general assessment": {
|
||
"text": "local telephone network of adequate quality with most lines connected to digital switches; mobile cellular superior choice to landline; dial-up quality low; broadband expensive (2018)"
|
||
},
|
||
"domestic": {
|
||
"text": "fixed-line is 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity is 85 telephones per 100 persons (2021)"
|
||
},
|
||
"international": {
|
||
"text": "country code - 239; landing points for the Ultramar GE and ACE submarine cables from South Africa to over 20 West African countries and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||
"text": "1 government-owned TV station; 2 government-owned radio stations; 7 independent local radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available"
|
||
},
|
||
"Internet country code": {
|
||
"text": ".st"
|
||
},
|
||
"Internet users": {
|
||
"percent of population": {
|
||
"text": "57% (2022 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
|
||
"total": {
|
||
"text": "6,000 (2023 est.)"
|
||
},
|
||
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
|
||
"text": "3 (2023 est.)"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Transportation": {
|
||
"National air transport system": {
|
||
"number of registered air carriers": {
|
||
"text": "1 (2020)"
|
||
},
|
||
"inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
|
||
"text": "1"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
|
||
"text": "S9"
|
||
},
|
||
"Airports": {
|
||
"text": "2 (2024)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Roadways": {
|
||
"total": {
|
||
"text": "1,300 km"
|
||
},
|
||
"paved": {
|
||
"text": "230 km"
|
||
},
|
||
"unpaved": {
|
||
"text": "1,070 km (2018)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Merchant marine": {
|
||
"total": {
|
||
"text": "25 (2023)"
|
||
},
|
||
"by type": {
|
||
"text": "general cargo 15, oil tanker 4, other 6"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Ports": {
|
||
"total ports": {
|
||
"text": "2 (2024)"
|
||
},
|
||
"large": {
|
||
"text": "0"
|
||
},
|
||
"medium": {
|
||
"text": "0"
|
||
},
|
||
"small": {
|
||
"text": "0"
|
||
},
|
||
"very small": {
|
||
"text": "2"
|
||
},
|
||
"ports with oil terminals": {
|
||
"text": "0"
|
||
},
|
||
"key ports": {
|
||
"text": "Santo Antonio, Sao Tome"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Military and Security": {
|
||
"Military and security forces": {
|
||
"text": "Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP), Presidential Guard, National Guard (2024)",
|
||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Army and Coast Guard are responsible for external security while the public security police and judicial police maintain internal security; both the public security police and the military report to the Ministry of Defense and Internal Affairs; the judicial police report to the Ministry of Justice, Public Administration, and Human Rights"
|
||
},
|
||
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
|
||
"text": "the FASTP has approximately 500 personnel (2023)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
|
||
"text": "the FASTP is lightly armed and has a small inventory of mostly older weapons and equipment (2023)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Military service age and obligation": {
|
||
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (reportedly not enforced); 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2023)"
|
||
},
|
||
"Military - note": {
|
||
"text": "the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats<br><br>in November 2022, the FASTP's headquarters was attacked shortly after the prime minister's inauguration in what São Tomé authorities described as an attempted coup; in 2024, the governments of Russia and São Tomé and Principe signed a military cooperation agreement, which included training, materiel and logistics support, and information sharing (2024)"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"Transnational Issues": {
|
||
}
|
||
} |