factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the forced resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim government organized new elections under the auspices of the UN. Continued instability and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti inaugurated a democratically elected president and parliament in May 2006. This was followed by contested elections in 2010 that resulted in the election of Haiti's current President, Michel MARTELLY. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "19 00 N, 72 25 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "27,750 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "27,560 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "190 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "376 km"
      },
      "border countries (1)": {
        "text": "Dominican Republic 376 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "1,771 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "to depth of exploitation"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly rough and mountainous"
    },
    "Elevation extremes": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "66.4% ++ arable land 38.5%; permanent crops 10.2%; permanent pasture 17.7%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "3.6%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "30% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "970 sq km (2009)"
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "14.03 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1.2  cu km/yr (17%/3%/80%)"
      },
      "per capita": {
        "text": "134.3  cu m/yr (2009)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Hazardous Wastes"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Haitian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Haitian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "black 95%, mulatto and white 5%"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "French (official), Creole (official)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic (official) 54.7%, Protestant 28.5% (Baptist 15.4%, Pentecostal 7.9%, Adventist 3%, Methodist 1.5%, other .7%), voodoo (official) 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10.2%",
      "note": {
        "text": "many Haitians practice elements of voodoo in addition to another religion, most often Roman Catholicism; voodoo was recognized as an official religion in 2003"
      }
    },
    "Population": {
      "text": "10,110,019",
      "note": {
        "text": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "33.28% (male 1,686,647/female 1,678,156)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "21.64% (male 1,093,024/female 1,094,591)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "35.78% (male 1,801,988/female 1,815,819)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "5.11% (male 247,588/female 269,103)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "4.18% (male 188,952/female 234,151) (2015 est.)"
      },
      "population pyramid": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "62.3%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "54.8%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "7.5%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "13.3% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "22.5 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "22.3 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "22.7 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.17%",
      "note": {
        "text": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "22.31 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7.83 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-2.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "58.6% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.78% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) 2.44 million (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.92 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.81 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "47.98 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "51.71 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "44.21 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "63.51 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "62.07 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "64.95 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.69 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "34.5% (2012)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "9.4% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2007)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 64.9% of population ++ rural: 47.6% of population ++ total: 57.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 35.1% of population ++ rural: 52.4% of population ++ total: 42.3% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 33.6% of population ++ rural: 19.2% of population ++ total: 27.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 66.4% of population ++ rural: 80.8% of population ++ total: 72.4% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "1.93% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "141,300 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "3,800 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "10.7% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "11.6% (2012)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "60.7%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "64.3%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "57.3% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "2,587,205"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "21% (2006 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Haiti"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Haiti"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d Ayiti"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Haiti/Ayiti"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Port-au-Prince"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "18 32 N, 72 20 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "1 January 1804 (from France)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1804)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "many previous (23 total); latest adopted 10 March 1987; amended 2012 (2013)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Evans PAUL (since 16 January 2015)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); election last held on 28 November 2010 with a runoff on 20 March 2011 (next tentatively scheduled for October 2015); prime minister chosen by the president from among members of the majority party in the National Assembly"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%,"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral legislature or \"le Corps Legislatif ou parlement\" consists of le Senat or Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years) and la Chambre de deputes or Chamber of Deputies (99 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms); note - when the two chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assemblee Nationale or the National Assembly that is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "Senate - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off election on 20 March 2011 (next possible election on 26 October 2014); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off election on 20 March 2011 (next regular election may be held on 26 October 2014)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "2010 Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 6, ALTENATIV 4, LAVNI 1; 2010 Chamber of Deputies- percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 32, Altenativ 11, Ansanm Nou Fo 10, AAA 8, LAVNI 7, RASANBLE 4, KONBIT 3, MOCHRENA 3, Platforme Liberation 3, PONT 3, Repons Peyizan 3, MAS 2, MODELH-PRDH 1, PLAPH 1, RESPE 1, Veye Yo 1, independent 2, vacant 4"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of a chief judge and other judges); note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of the Haiti Constitution states \"Judges of the Supreme Court.... are appointed for 10 years.\" whereas Article 177 states \"Judges of the Supreme Court..... are appointed for life.\""
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrates' courts; special courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT] ++ Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE] ++ Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL] ++ Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY] ++ December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT] ++ Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH) ++ Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY] ++ Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary Party of Haiti or MODELH-PRDH ++ Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME] ++ Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE] ++ For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL] ++ Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER] ++ Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE] ++ Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE] ++ Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD] ++ Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT ++ Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN] ++ Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR] ++ Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION ++ Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC] ++ Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements) ++ Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY] ++ National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE] ++ New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU] ++ Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY] ++ Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL] ++ Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU] ++ Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN] ++ Rally or RASAMBLE ++ Respect or RESPE ++ Socialist Action Movement or MAS ++ Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE] ++ Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE] ++ Union [Chavannes JEUNE] ++ Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH] ++ Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE] ++ Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA) ++ Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN] ++ Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR] ++ Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH ++ Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS] ++ Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS ++ General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS] ++ Grand-Anse Resistance Committee or KOREGA ++ Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE] ++ National Popular Assembly or APN ++ Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE] ++ Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP ++ Protestant Federation of Haiti ++ Roman Catholic Church"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Paul Getty ALTIDOR (since 17 April 2012)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 332-4090"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 745-7215"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, Orlando (FL), New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Pamela A. WHITE (since 18 July 2012)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "(in Haiti) P.O. Box 1634, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; (from abroad) 3400 Port-au-Prince, State Department, Washington, DC 20521-3400"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[509] 2229-8000"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[509] 229-8028"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Hispaniolan trogon (bird), hibiscus flower; national colors: blue, red"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"La Dessalinienne\" (The Dessalines Song)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Haiti is a free market economy that enjoys the advantages of low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty, the earthquake further inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract. In 2011, the Haitian economy began recovering from the earthquake. However, two hurricanes adversely affected agricultural output and the low public capital spending slowed the recovery in 2012. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Preference Agreement (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE II) Act helped increase apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. Congress voted in 2010 to extend the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020 under the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act; the apparel sector accounts for about 90% of Haitian exports and nearly one-twentieth of GDP. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling one-fifth of GDP and representing more than five times the earnings from exports in 2012. Haiti suffers from a lack of investment, partly because of weak infrastructure such as access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to $1.43 billion as of December 2014. The government relies on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over half of its annual budget coming from outside sources."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$18.31 billion (2014 est.) ++ $17.82 billion (2013 est.) ++ $17.09 billion (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$8.711 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "2.8% (2014 est.) ++ 4.2% (2013 est.) ++ 2.9% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$1,800 (2014 est.) ++ $1,700 (2013 est.) ++ $1,600 (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "25.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 23.3% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 23.9% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "104.3%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "0%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "30.9%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-0.9%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "18.4%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-52.7% ++  (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "24.7%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "20%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "55.3% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood, vetiver"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly using imported parts"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "6% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "4.81 million",
      "note": {
        "text": "shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "38.1%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "11.5%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "50.4% (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "40.6% (2010 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "58.5% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "0.7%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "47.7% (2001)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "59.2 (2001)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$1.786 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$2.373 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "20% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-6.6% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "1 October - 30 September"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "3.9% (2014 est.) ++ 5.9% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "8.6% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 8.72% (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$1.125 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.132 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$3.509 billion (31 October 2012 est.) ++ $3.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$2.239 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.699 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$502 million (2014 est.) ++ -$1.293 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$903.1 million (2014 est.) ++ $883.7 million (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "US 83.2% (2014)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$3.458 billion (2014 est.) ++ $3.329 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Dominican Republic 29.2%, US 23.8%, Algeria 11.7%, Netherlands Antilles 7.8%, China 7.3% (2014)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$1.355 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.818 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$1.687 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.431 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$1.286 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.086 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - ++ 45.25 (2014 est.) ++ 43.46 (2013 est.) ++ 41.95 (2012 est.) ++ 40.52 (2011 est.) ++ 39.8 (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "726 million kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "208.5 million kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "130,000 kW (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "77.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "22.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "13,990 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "15,130 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "2.094 million Mt (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "41,000"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "less than 1 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "6.8 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "68 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "telecommunications infrastructure is among the least-developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "mobile-cellular telephone services are expanding rapidly due, in part, to the introduction of low-cost GSM phones; mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "several TV stations, including 1 government owned; cable TV subscription service available; government-owned radio network; more than 250 private and community radio stations with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007)"
    },
    "Radio broadcast stations": {
      "text": "AM 41, FM 53, shortwave 0 (2009)"
    },
    "Television broadcast stations": {
      "text": "2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".ht"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1.2 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "11.6% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "14 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "2 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": " ++ 8 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4,266 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "768 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "3,498 km (2009)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "no regular military forces - small Coast Guard; a Ministry of National Defense established May 2012; the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished (2011)"
    },
    "Manpower available for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,398,804"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,415,039 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower fit for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,666,324"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,704,364 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
      "male": {
        "text": "115,246"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "115,282 (2010 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "since 2004, peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti have assisted in maintaining civil order in Haiti; the mission currently includes 6,685 military, 2,607 police, and 443 civilian personnel; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "60,801 (includes only IDPs from the 2010 earthquake living in camps or camp-like situations; information is lacking about IDPs living outside camps or who have left camps) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "current situation": {
        "text": "Haiti is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; many of Haiti’s trafficking cases involve children recruited to live with families in other towns in the hope of going to school but who instead become forced domestic servants known as restaveks; restaveks are vulnerable to abuse and make up a large proportion of Haiti’s population of street children, who are forced into prostitution, begging, and street crime by violent gangs; Haitians are exploited in forced labor in the Dominican Republic, elsewhere in the Caribbean, South America, and the US, and some Dominican women are forced into prostitution in Haiti; women and children living in camps for internally displaced people since the 2010 earthquake are at increased risk of sex trafficking and forced labor"
      },
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Haiti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government passed a law in 2014 criminalizing human trafficking but did not prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders, despite large numbers of identified victims; a national plan to combat human trafficking was also passed in 2014; authorities did not provide direct or specialized services for trafficking victims and referred suspected victims to donor-funded NGOs; the government managed a hotline for trafficking victims and conducted a campaign to raise awareness about child labor and child trafficking (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis"
    }
  }
}