factbook.json/africa/mz.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. President GUEBUZA was reelected to a second term in October 2009. However, the elections were flawed by voter fraud, questionable disqualification of candidates, and FRELIMO use of government resources during the campaign."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "18 15 S, 35 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "799,380 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "786,380 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "13,000 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly less than twice the size of California"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4,783 km"
      },
      "border countries (6)": {
        "text": "Malawi 1,498 km, South Africa 496 km, Swaziland 108 km, Tanzania 840 km, Zambia 439 km, Zimbabwe 1,402 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "2,470 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical to subtropical"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west"
    },
    "Elevation extremes": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Indian Ocean 0 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Monte Binga 2,436 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "56.3% ++ arable land 6.4%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 49.6%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "43.7%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "1,181 sq km (2003)"
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "217.1 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0.88  cu km/yr (26%/4%/70%)"
      },
      "per capita": {
        "text": "46.05  cu m/yr (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Mozambican(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Mozambican"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 28.4%, Muslim 17.9%, Zionist Christian 15.5%, Protestant 12.2% (includes Pentecostal 10.9% and Anglican 1.3%), other 6.7%, none 18.7%, unspecified 0.7% (2007 est.)"
    },
    "Population": {
      "text": "25,303,113",
      "note": {
        "text": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "45.13% (male 5,740,743/female 5,677,563)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "21.43% (male 2,657,099/female 2,764,109)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "27.09% (male 3,201,321/female 3,654,012)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "3.44% (male 415,357/female 455,450)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "2.91% (male 338,552/female 398,907) (2015 est.)"
      },
      "population pyramid": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "94.8%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "88.2%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "6.5%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "15.3% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "16.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "17.6 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "2.45% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "38.58 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "12.1 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "32.2% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "MAPUTO (capital) 1.187 million; Matola 937,000 (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "0.88 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.91 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.85 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "70.21 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "72.29 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "68.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "52.94 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "52.18 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "53.72 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "5.21 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "11.6% (2011)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "6.8% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 80.6% of population ++ rural: 37% of population ++ total: 51.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 19.4% of population ++ rural: 63% of population ++ total: 48.9% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 42.4% of population ++ rural: 10.1% of population ++ total: 20.5% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 57.6% of population ++ rural: 89.9% of population ++ total: 79.5% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "10.58% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "1.543 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "44,900 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "very high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "malaria and dengue fever"
      },
      "water contact disease": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis"
      },
      "animal contact disease": {
        "text": "rabies (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "4.5% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "15.6% (2011)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "5% of GDP (2006)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "58.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "73.3%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "45.4% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "10 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9 years (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "1,369,080"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "22% (2008 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Mozambique"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Mozambique"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republica de Mocambique"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Mocambique"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Portuguese East Africa"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Maputo"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "25 57 S, 32 35 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "25 June 1975 (from Portugal)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 25 June (1975)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004; note - amendments drafted by late 2013, but parliamentary review has been stalled (2014)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, and customary law; note - in rural, predominately Muslim villages with no formal legal system, Islamic law may be applied"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015); Alberto Clementino Antonio VAQUINA removed from office 9 January 2015"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president elected directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms);  election last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); prime minister appointed by the president"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Filipe NYUSI elected president; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 57.0%, Afonso DHLAKAMA (RENAMO) 36.6%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 6.4%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members - including 2 representing Mozambicans abroad - directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 55.9%, RENAMO 32.5%, MDM 8.4%, other 3.3%; seats by party - FRELIMO 144, RENAMO 89, MDM 17"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO] ++ Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA] ++ Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]"
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Amelia Narciso Matos SUMBANA (since 2 November 2009)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 293-7146"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 835-0245"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS (since 6 July 2012)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "P. O. Box 783, Maputo"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[258] (21) 492797"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[258] (21) 490114"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "national colors: green, black, yellow, white, red"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Patria Amada\" (Lovely Fatherland)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 2002"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP from $4 billion in 1993, following the war, to about $30.9 billion in 2014. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, more than half the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a significant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique that ended in 2013. The Compact focused on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010 after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on the population, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2014, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to extend high growth rates in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$31.1 billion (2014 est.) ++ $28.96 billion (2013 est.) ++ $26.96 billion (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$16.68 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "7.4% (2014 est.) ++ 7.4% (2013 est.) ++ 7.1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$1,200 (2014 est.) ++ $1,100 (2013 est.) ++ $1,000 (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "12.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15.6% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 14.2% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "74.2%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "17.9%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "50.3%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "31.8%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-74.3% ++  (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "28.9%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "24%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "47.1% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "9% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "12.25 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "81%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "6%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "13% (1997 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "17% (2007 est.) ++ 21% (1997 est.)"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "52% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1.9%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "36.7% (2008)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "45.6 (2008) ++ 47.3 (2002)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$5.324 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$6.967 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "32.1% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-9.9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "47.2% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 41.1% of GDP (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "2.3% (2014 est.) ++ 4.2% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "9.5% (17 January 2013) ++ 3.25% (31 December 2010)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "15.3% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 15.33% (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$5.267 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.851 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$7.777 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $7.19 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$4.982 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $4.573 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$5.797 billion (2014 est.) ++ -$5.892 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$4.345 billion (2014 est.) ++ $4.123 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "China 28.8%, South Africa 20%, Italy 7.7%, Belgium 5.9%, India 5.7%, Spain 5.2% (2014)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$8.954 billion (2014 est.) ++ $8.48 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "South Africa 26.5%, China 17.4%, India 16.6% (2014)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$3.334 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.142 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$7.521 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $6.416 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar - ++ 31.2 (2014 est.) ++ 30.125 (2013 est.) ++ 28.38 (2012 est.) ++ 29.075 (2011 est.) ++ 33.96 (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "2.429 million kW (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "10.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "89.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "20 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "992 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "24,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "953 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "16,140 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "4.355 billion cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "755 million cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "3.6 billion cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "2.832 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "4.789 million Mt (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "68,800"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "less than 1 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "18.4 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "75 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)"
    },
    "Radio broadcast stations": {
      "text": "AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)"
    },
    "Television broadcast stations": {
      "text": "4 (2008)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".mz"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1.4 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "5.5% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "98 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "21"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "9"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "5"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "4 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "77"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "9"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "29"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": " ++ 38 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "4,787 km"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "30,331 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "6,303 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "24,028 km (2009)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "cargo 2"
      },
      "foreign-owned": {
        "text": "2 (Belgium 2) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Beira, Maputo, Nacala"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)"
    },
    "Manpower available for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "4,613,367 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower fit for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,677,473"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,941,073 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
      "male": {
        "text": "274,602"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "280,008 (2010 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "61,102 (2015 floods) (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center"
    }
  }
}