factbook.json/africa/by.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that integrated defense forces, and established a new constitution and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges. Burundi began holding national elections in June 2015 with a presidential election scheduled for July."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "3 30 S, 30 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "27,830 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "25,680 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "2,150 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,140 km"
      },
      "border countries (3)": {
        "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 236 km, Rwanda 315 km, Tanzania 589 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees celcius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains"
    },
    "Elevation extremes": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Lake Tanganyika 772 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Heha 2,670 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "73.3% ++ arable land 38.9%; permanent crops 15.6%; permanent pasture 18.8%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "6.6%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "20.1% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "214.3 sq km (2003)"
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "12.54 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0.29  cu km/yr (15%/5%/79%)"
      },
      "per capita": {
        "text": "43.27  cu m/yr (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "flooding; landslides; drought"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Law of the Sea"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Burundian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Burundian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Kirundi 29.7% (official), Kirundi and other language 9.1%, French (official) and French and other language 0.3%, Swahili and Swahili and other language 0.2% (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area), English and English and other language 0.06%, more than 2 languages 3.7%, unspecified 56.9% (2008 est.)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Muslim 2.5%, other 3.6%, unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)"
    },
    "Population": {
      "text": "10,742,276",
      "note": {
        "text": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "45.64% (male 2,464,695/female 2,437,923)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "19.23% (male 1,030,773/female 1,035,478)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "28.67% (male 1,536,089/female 1,543,356)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "3.94% (male 198,384/female 224,563)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "2.52% (male 115,187/female 155,828) (2015 est.)"
      },
      "population pyramid": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "89.7%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "85%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "4.7%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "21.3% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "16.8 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "17.2 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "3.28% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "42.01 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "12.1% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "5.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "BUJUMBURA (capital) 751,000 (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.01 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.88 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.74 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "61.89 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "68.55 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "55.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "60.09 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "58.45 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "61.78 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "6.09 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "21.9% (2010/11)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "8% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 91.1% of population ++ rural: 73.8% of population ++ total: 75.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 8.9% of population ++ rural: 26.2% of population ++ total: 24.1% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 43.8% of population ++ rural: 48.6% of population ++ total: 48% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 56.2% of population ++ rural: 51.4% of population ++ total: 52% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "1.11% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "84,700 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "3,900 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "very high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "malaria and dengue fever"
      },
      "water contact disease": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis"
      },
      "animal contact disease": {
        "text": "rabies (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "2.1% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "29.1% (2011)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "5.8% of GDP (2012)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "85.6%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "88.2%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "83.1% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10 years (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "433,187"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "19% (2005 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Burundi"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Burundi"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Burundi"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Urundi"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Bujumbura"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "3 22 S, 29 21 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "18 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana, Ruyigi"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "several previous; latest ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005 (2012)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Prosper BAZOMBAZA (since 13 February 2014); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Prosper BAZOMBAZA (since 13 February 2014); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI (since 29 August 2010)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 July 2015(next to be held in 2020); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD ) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (National Liberation Forces) 19%, other 11.6%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate (54 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a two-thirds majority vote and 20 seats reserved for former heads of state; members serve 5-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a required ethnic mix of 60 percent Hutu and 40 percent Tutsi, and at least 30 percent women; members serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held on 26 June 2015); note - legislative election delayed because of unrest"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, other 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials); judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate; judge tenure NA"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "governing parties": {
        "text": " ++ Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA] ++ National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA] ++ National Liberation Forces or FNL [Agathon RWASA] ++ Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA]"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "a multiparty system introduced in 1998 includes: ++ National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA] ++ National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI] ++ Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]"
      }
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization) ++ Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)",
      "other": {
        "text": "Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Ernest NDABASHINZE (since 21 May 2014)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 408, Washington, DC 20007"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 342-2574"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 342-2578"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Dawn M. LIBERI (since 10 July 2012)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "B. P. 1720, Bujumbura"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[257] 22-207-000"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[257] 22-222-926"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "lion; national colors: red, white, green"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Burundi Bwacu\" (Our Beloved Burundi)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1962"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Therefore, Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted until 2005 resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-14. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies have to deal with ever changing rules. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi's national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009, and regional infrastructure improvements driven by the EAC and funded by the World Bank may help improve Burundi’s transport connections and lower transportation costs."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$8.378 billion (2014 est.) ++ $7.999 billion (2013 est.) ++ $7.657 billion (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$3.094 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "4.7% (2014 est.) ++ 4.5% (2013 est.) ++ 4% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$900 (2014 est.) ++ $900 (2013 est.) ++ $800 (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "2.4% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 1.6% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 2.7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "74.6%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "21.9%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "27.9%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-1.7%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "7.1%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-29.6% ++  (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "40.3%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17.1%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "42.5% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc, tapioca); beef, milk, hides"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "light consumer goods (blankets, shoes, soap, beer); assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "6% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "4.806 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "93.6%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "2.3%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "4.1% (2002 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "68% (2002 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "4.1%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "28% (2006)"
      }
    },
    "Distribution of family income - Gini index": {
      "text": "42.4 (1998)"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$847.3 million"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$933.2 million (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "27.9% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "38.6% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 38.6% of GDP (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "4.4% (2014 est.) ++ 7.9% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "11.25% (31 December 2010) ++ 10% (31 December 2009)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "15% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 15.15% (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$394.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $375.2 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$551.4 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $521.6 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$691.2 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $617.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Market value of publicly traded shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$544 million (2014 est.) ++ -$562.9 million (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$113.6 million (2014 est.) ++ $91.8 million (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Pakistan 12.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 12.6%, Uganda 9.6%, Germany 6.5%, Belgium 5.9%, France 5.6%, Rwanda 5.4%, Sweden 5.1%, US 4.6%, China 4.3%, Sudan 4.2% (2014)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$873 million (2014 est.) ++ $884.3 million (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Saudi Arabia 12.9%, Kenya 11%, Belgium 10.4%, China 8.4%, Tanzania 7.9%, Uganda 6.9%, India 5% (2014)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$321.4 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $329.4 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$742.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $705.8 million (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - ++ 1,548.5 (2014 est.) ++ 1,555.09 (2013 est.) ++ 1,442.51 (2012 est.) ++ 1,261.07 (2011 est.) ++ 1,230.8 (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "152 million kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "236.4 million kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "95 million kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "52,000 kW (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "98.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "2,270 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "1,429 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "315,100 Mt (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "21,700"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "less than 1 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.2 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "31 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)"
    },
    "Radio broadcast stations": {
      "text": "AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)"
    },
    "Television broadcast stations": {
      "text": "1 (2001)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".bi"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "144,500"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "7 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "6"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": " ++ 2 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2012)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "12,322 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "1,286 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "11,036 km (2004)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2011)"
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "lake port(s)": {
        "text": "Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2013)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2012)"
    },
    "Manpower available for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,182,327"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,202,125 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower fit for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,398,769"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,481,417 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
      "male": {
        "text": "117,956"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "116,956 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "2.39% of GDP (2012) ++ NA% (2011) ++ 2.39% of GDP (2010)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees (country of origin)": {
        "text": "54,011 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2015)"
      },
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "79,200 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2015)"
      },
      "stateless persons": {
        "text": "1,302 (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "current situation": {
        "text": "Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; business people recruit Burundian girls for prostitution domestically, as well as in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and the Middle East, and recruit boys and girls for forced labor in Burundi and Tanzania; children and young adults are coerced into forced labor in farming, mining, construction, informal commerce, or fishing; some family members, friends, and neighbors are complicit in exploiting children, luring them in with offers of educational or job opportunities"
      },
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Burundi does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute a significant effort toward meeting the minimum standards for eliminating human trafficking; in 2013, the government established a national coordinating body to oversee anti-trafficking efforts, completed a national action plan, and worked to finalize anti-trafficking legislation; law enforcement efforts remained modest, and investigations focused on transnational trafficking; most victim assistance continued to be provided by NGOs without government support; a system for identifying victims among vulnerable populations and referring victims to care providers was not finalized (2014)"
      }
    }
  }
}