factbook.json/africa/ao.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president. Angola assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "12 30 S, 18 30 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,246,700 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "1,246,700 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5,369 km"
      },
      "border countries (4)": {
        "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 231 km, Namibia 1,427 km, Zambia 1,065 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "1,600 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau"
    },
    "Elevation extremes": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Moca 2,620 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "47.3% ++ arable land 3.8%; permanent crops 0.2%; permanent pasture 43.3%"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "46.8%"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "5.9% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "855.3 sq km (2005)"
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "148 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0.71  cu km/yr (45%/34%/21%)"
      },
      "per capita": {
        "text": "40.27  cu m/yr (2005)"
      }
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Angolan(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Angolan"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)"
    },
    "Population": {
      "text": "19,625,353",
      "note": {
        "text": "preliminary results from Angola's 2014 national census estimate the country's population to be 24.3 million (July 2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "42.95% (male 4,297,988/female 4,131,037)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "20.65% (male 2,061,704/female 1,990,206)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "29.46% (male 2,916,132/female 2,865,417)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "3.98% (male 379,531/female 401,563)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "2.96% (male 269,164/female 312,611) (2015 est.)"
      },
      "population pyramid": {
        "text": null
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "99.9%"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "95.2%"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "4.6%"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "21.6% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "18 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17.8 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "18.2 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "2.78% (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "38.78 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "11.49 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "0.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "44% of total population (2015)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "4.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "LUANDA (capital) 5.506 million; Huambo 1.269 million (2015)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.95 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "78.26 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "81.96 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "74.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "55.63 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "54.49 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "56.84 years (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "5.37 children born/woman (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "17.7% (2008/09)"
    },
    "Health expenditures": {
      "text": "3.8% of GDP (2013)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2009)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 75.4% of population ++ rural: 28.2% of population ++ total: 49% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 24.6% of population ++ rural: 71.8% of population ++ total: 51% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 88.6% of population ++ rural: 22.5% of population ++ total: 51.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved": {
        "text": " ++ urban: 11.4% of population ++ rural: 77.5% of population ++ total: 48.4% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "2.41% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "304,400 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "11,770 (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "very high"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever, malaria"
      },
      "water contact disease": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis"
      },
      "animal contact disease": {
        "text": "rabies (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "8.5% (2014)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "15.6% (2007)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "71.1%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "82%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "60.7% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "11 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9 years (2011)"
      }
    },
    "Child labor - children ages 5-14": {
      "total number": {
        "text": "832,895"
      },
      "percentage": {
        "text": "24% (2001 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Angola"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Angola"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republica de Angola"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Angola"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "People's Republic of Angola"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "name derived by the Portuguese from the title \"ngola\" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Luanda"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "8 50 S, 13 13 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "11 November 1975 (from Portugal)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 11 November (1975)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "text": "previous 1975, 1992; latest adopted 5 February 2010 (2013)"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, and the leader of the winning party becomes president"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS elected president following legislative elections on 31 August 2012, inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and 16 judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional - legislative review (consists of 11 members)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "provincial and municipal courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] ++ National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA] ++ National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) ++ Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) ++ Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]",
      "note": {
        "text": "4 other parties qualified to participate in the national election in August 2012"
      }
    },
    "Political pressure groups and leaders": {
      "text": "Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO]",
      "note": {
        "text": "FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO (since 18 November 2014)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 785-1156"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 822-9049"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Houston, New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Helen Meagher LA LIME (15 May 2014)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[244] 946440977"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[244] (222) 64-1000"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Angola Avante\" (Forward Angola)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO"
      },
      "note": {
        "text": "adopted 1975"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economy - overview": {
      "text": "Angola’s economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country’s exports. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. The global recession that started in 2008 stalled economic growth. In particular, lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014. Falling oil prices and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects for 2015. Angola has responded by reducing government subsidies and by proposing import quotas and a more restrictive licensing regime. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge."
    },
    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "text": "$175.6 billion (2014 est.) ++ $168.5 billion (2013 est.) ++ $157.8 billion (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$128.6 billion (2014 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - real growth rate": {
      "text": "4.2% (2014 est.) ++ 6.8% (2013 est.) ++ 5.2% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
      "text": "$7,200 (2014 est.) ++ $6,900 (2013 est.) ++ $6,500 (2012 est.)",
      "note": {
        "text": "data are in 2014 US dollars"
      }
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "text": "13.3% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 21.5% of GDP (2013 est.) ++ 26.9% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "49.7%"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "20.6%"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "11.9%"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0%"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "59.5%"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-41.7% ++  (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "10.2%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "61.4%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "28.4% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agriculture - products": {
      "text": "bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc, tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "3.8% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "9.298 million (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "85%"
      },
      "industry and services": {
        "text": "15% (2003 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "40.5% (2006 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "0.6%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "44.7% (2000)"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$51.51 billion"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$57.7 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "39.2% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "text": "13.9% of GDP (2014 est.) ++ 15% of GDP (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "text": "7.3% (2014 est.) ++ 8.8% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Central bank discount rate": {
      "text": "9% (31 December 2014) ++ 25% (31 December 2010)"
    },
    "Commercial bank prime lending rate": {
      "text": "15.2% (31 December 2014 est.) ++ 15.8% (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of narrow money": {
      "text": "$29.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $26.52 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of broad money": {
      "text": "$51.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $45.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of domestic credit": {
      "text": "$24.16 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $23.33 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "text": "-$1.09 billion (2014 est.) ++ $8.348 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "text": "$69.46 billion (2014 est.) ++ $67.14 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "China 48.1%, US 8.9%, India 8.8%, Spain 5.6% (2014)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "text": "$28.05 billion (2014 est.) ++ $26.09 billion (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "China 23.7%, Portugal 16.3%, US 8.1%, South Korea 7.1%, Brazil 5%, South Africa 4.2%, France 4.1% (2014)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "text": "$33.59 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $32.78 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "$22.93 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $22.41 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
      "text": "$8.561 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $5.137 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad": {
      "text": "$16 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $12.87 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - ++ 98.15 (2014 est.) ++ 96.499 (2013 est.) ++ 95.47 (2012 est.) ++ 93.741 (2011 est.) ++ 91.906 (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "5.512 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "4.875 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "1.657 million kW (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "39.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "60.4% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "1.89 million bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "1.928 million bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "9.06 billion bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "38,760 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "133,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "17,750 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "55,740 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "760 million cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "760 million cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "275 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "31.61 million Mt (2012 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "280,000"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "1 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total": {
        "text": "14.1 million"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "74 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephone system": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "about two fixed lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)"
    },
    "Radio broadcast stations": {
      "text": "AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2001)"
    },
    "Television broadcast stations": {
      "text": "6 (2000)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".ao"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.7 million"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "19.4% (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "176 (2013)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "31"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "7"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "8"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "12"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "4 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "145"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "31"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "66"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": " ++ 43 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "Pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)"
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2,852 km"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "2,729 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "51,429 km"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "5,349 km"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "46,080 km (2001)"
      }
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "1,300 km (2011)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "7"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1"
      },
      "foreign-owned": {
        "text": "1 (Spain 1)"
      },
      "registered in other countries": {
        "text": "17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe"
      },
      "LNG terminal(s) (export)": {
        "text": "Angola Soyo"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military": {
    "Military branches": {
      "text": "Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)"
    },
    "Manpower available for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "3,062,438"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "2,964,262 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower fit for military service": {
      "males age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,546,781"
      },
      "females age 16-49": {
        "text": "1,492,308 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually": {
      "male": {
        "text": "155,476"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "152,054 (2010 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "text": "3.63% of GDP (2012) ++ 3.5% of GDP (2011) ++ 3.63% of GDP (2010)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees (country of origin)": {
        "text": "12,944 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "current situation": {
        "text": "Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor in agriculture, fishing, construction, domestic service, and diamond mining; some Angolan girls are forced into domestic prostitution, while some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia as forced laborers; women and children are also forced into domestic service in South Africa, Namibia, and European countries; Vietnamese, Brazilian, and Chinese women are trafficked to Angola for prostitution, while Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola’s construction industry"
      },
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has written but not implemented a plan to bring itself into compliance with the minimum standards for eliminating trafficking and amended the penal code to include prohibitions against human trafficking; authorities investigated two suspected trafficking cases in 2013, leading to one arrest, but have not vigorously prosecuted trafficking offenses and have never convicted a perpetrator; no actions were taken against officials allegedly complicit in human trafficking; the government failed to systematically investigate forced labor in the construction sector, despite years of reported abuses; victim identification efforts remained inadequate, and protective services were not provided (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa"
    }
  }
}