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471 lines
No EOL
17 KiB
JSON
471 lines
No EOL
17 KiB
JSON
{
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"intro": {
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"background": {
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"text": "The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific region. Germany annexed the island in 1888. A German-British consortium began mining the island's phosphate deposits early in the 20th century. Australian forces occupied Nauru in World War I; it subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic."
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}
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},
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"geo": {
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"location": {
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"text": "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands"
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},
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"geographic_coordinates": {
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"text": "0 32 S, 166 55 E"
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},
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"map_references": {
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"text": "Oceania"
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},
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"area": {
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"total": "21 sq km",
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"land": "21 sq km",
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"water": "0 sq km"
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},
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"area_comparative": {
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"text": "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC"
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},
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"land_boundaries": {
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"text": "0 km"
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},
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"coastline": {
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"text": "30 km"
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},
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"maritime_claims": {
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"territorial_sea": "12 nm",
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"contiguous_zone": "24 nm",
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"exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm"
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},
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"climate": {
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"text": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)"
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},
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"terrain": {
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"text": "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center"
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},
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"elevation_extremes": {
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"lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m",
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"highest_point": "unnamed elevation along plateau rim 61 m"
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},
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"natural_resources": {
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"text": "phosphates, fish"
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},
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"land_use": {
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"arable_land": "0%",
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"permanent_crops": "20%",
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"other": "80% (2011)"
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},
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"irrigated_land": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"natural_hazards": {
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"text": "periodic droughts"
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},
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"environment_current_issues": {
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"text": "limited natural freshwater resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources"
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},
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"environment_international_agreements": {
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"party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling",
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"signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
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},
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"geography_note": {
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"text": "Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator"
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}
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},
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"people": {
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"nationality": {
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"noun": "Nauruan(s)",
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"adjective": "Nauruan"
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},
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"ethnic_groups": {
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"text": "Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%"
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},
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"languages": {
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"text": "Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English (widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes)"
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},
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"religions": {
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"text": "Protestant 45.8% (Nauru Congregational 35.4%, Nauru Independent Church 10.4%), Roman Catholic 33.2%, other 14.1%, none 4.5%, unspecified 2.4% (2002 census)"
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},
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"population": {
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"text": "9,434 (July 2013 est.)"
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},
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"age_structure": {
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"0_14_years": "32.5% (male 1,363/female 1,701)",
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"15_24_years": "17.6% (male 857/female 801)",
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"25_54_years": "42.3% (male 1,975/female 2,014)",
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"55_64_years": "5.9% (male 225/female 327)",
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"65_years_and_over": "1.8% (male 68/female 103) (2013 est.)"
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},
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"median_age": {
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"total": "25 years",
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"male": "25.2 years",
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"female": "24.7 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"population_growth_rate": {
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"text": "0.58% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"birth_rate": {
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"text": "26.39 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"death_rate": {
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"text": "5.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"net_migration_rate": {
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"text": "-14.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"urbanization": {
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"urban_population": "100% of total population (2010)",
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"rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
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},
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"sex_ratio": {
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"at_birth": "0.83 male(s)/female",
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"0_14_years": "0.81 male(s)/female",
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"15_24_years": "1.07 male(s)/female",
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"25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female",
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"55_64_years": "0.68 male(s)/female",
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"65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female",
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"total_population": "0.91 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
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},
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"infant_mortality_rate": {
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"total": "8.36 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"male": "10.74 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"female": "6.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
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},
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"life_expectancy_at_birth": {
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"total_population": "66.05 years",
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"male": "61.96 years",
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"female": "69.47 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"total_fertility_rate": {
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"text": "2.98 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
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},
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"contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "35.6% (2007)"
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},
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"health_expenditures": {
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"text": "11.2% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"physicians_density": {
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"text": "0.71 physicians/1,000 population (2008)"
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},
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"drinking_water_source": {
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"improved": "urban: 88% of population; total: 88% of population",
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"unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)"
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},
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"sanitation_facility_access": {
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"improved": "urban: 65% of population; total: 65% of population",
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"unimproved": "urban: 35% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"hiv_aids_deaths": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "71.1% (2008)"
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},
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"children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
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"text": "4.8% (2007)"
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},
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"education_expenditures": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"literacy": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
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"total": "9 years",
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"male": "9 years",
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"female": "10 years (2008)"
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}
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},
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"govt": {
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"country_name": {
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"conventional_long_form": "Republic of Nauru",
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"conventional_short_form": "Nauru",
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"local_long_form": "Republic of Nauru",
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"local_short_form": "Nauru",
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"former": "Pleasant Island"
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},
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"government_type": {
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"text": "republic"
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},
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"capital": {
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"text": "no official capital; government offices in Yaren District",
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"time_difference": "UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
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},
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"administrative_divisions": {
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"text": "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren"
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},
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"independence": {
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"text": "31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)"
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},
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"national_holiday": {
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"text": "Independence Day, 31 January (1968)"
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},
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"constitution": {
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"text": "29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968"
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},
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"legal_system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and customary law"
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},
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"international_law_organization_participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"suffrage": {
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"text": "20 years of age; universal and compulsory"
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},
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"executive_branch": {
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"chief_of_state": "President Baron WAQA (since 11 June 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government",
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"head_of_government": "President Baron WAQA (since 11 June 2013)",
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"cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of parliament",
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"elections": "president elected by parliament for a three-year term; election last held on 11 June 2013 (next to be held in 2016)",
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"election_results": "Baron WAQA elected in a parliamentary vote of 13 to 5"
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},
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"legislative_branch": {
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"text": "unicameral parliament (19 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)",
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"elections": "last held on 8 June 2013 (next to be held in 2016)",
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"election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 19"
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},
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"judicial_branch": {
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"highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 1 judge)",
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"judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president to serve until age 65",
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"subordinate_courts": "District Court, Family Court"
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},
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"political_parties_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; Nauru Party (informal); ",
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"note": "loose multiparty system"
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},
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"political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues)"
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},
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"international_organization_participation": {
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"text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
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"chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marlene I. MOSES",
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"chancery": "800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017",
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"telephone": "[1] (212) 937-0074",
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"fax": "[1] (212) 937-0079",
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"consulates": "Agana (Guam)"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
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"text": "the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru"
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},
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"flag_description": {
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"text": "blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; blue stands for the Pacific Ocean, the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru"
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},
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"national_anthem": {
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"name": "\"Nauru Bwiema\" (Song of Nauru)",
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"lyrics_music": "Margaret HENDRIE/Laurence Henry HICKS",
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"note": "adopted 1968"
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}
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},
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"econ": {
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"economy_overview": {
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"text": "Revenues of this tiny island traditionally have come from exports of phosphates. Few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. In 2005 an Australian company entered into an agreement to exploit remaining supplies. Primary reserves of phosphates were exhausted and mining ceased in 2006, but mining of a deeper layer of \"secondary phosphate\" in the interior of the island began the following year. The secondary phosphate deposits may last another 30 years. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faced virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. Nauru lost further revenue in 2008 with the closure of Australia''s refugee processing center, making it almost totally dependent on food imports and foreign aid. Housing, hospitals, and other capital plant are deteriorating. The cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continues to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist with estimates of Nauru''s GDP varying widely."
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},
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"gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
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"text": "$60 million (2005 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
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"text": "$NA"
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},
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"gdp_real_growth_rate": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
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"text": "$5,000 (2005 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
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"agriculture": "6.1%",
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"industry": "33%",
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"services": "60.8% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"agriculture_products": {
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"text": "coconuts"
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},
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"industries": {
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"text": "phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products"
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},
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"industrial_production_growth_rate": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"labor_force_by_occupation": {
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"note": "employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation"
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},
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"unemployment_rate": {
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"text": "90% (2004 est.)"
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},
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"population_below_poverty_line": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
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"lowest_10%": "NA%",
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"highest_10%": "NA%"
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},
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"budget": {
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"revenues": "$13.5 million",
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"expenditures": "$13.5 million (2005)"
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},
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"fiscal_year": {
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"text": "1 July - 30 June"
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},
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"inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
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"text": "NA% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"exports": {
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"text": "$64,000 (2005 est.)"
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},
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"exports_commodities": {
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"text": "phosphates"
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},
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"imports": {
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"text": "$20 million (2004 est.)"
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},
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"imports_commodities": {
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"text": "food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery"
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},
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"debt_external": {
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"text": "$33.3 million (2004 est.)"
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},
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"exchange_rates": {
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"text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -; 0.9658 (2012); 0.9695 (2011 est.); 1.0902 (2010); 1.2822 (2009); 1.2059 (2008)"
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}
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},
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"energy": {
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"electricity_production": {
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"text": "33 million kWh (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_consumption": {
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"text": "30.69 million kWh (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_exports": {
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"text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_imports": {
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"text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
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"text": "11,000 kW (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
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"text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
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},
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"crude_oil_production": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
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},
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"crude_oil_exports": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
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},
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"crude_oil_imports": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
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},
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"crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
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"text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
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},
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"refined_petroleum_products_production": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
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},
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"refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
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"text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
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},
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"refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
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},
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"refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
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"text": "1,044 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
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},
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"natural_gas_production": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
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},
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"natural_gas_consumption": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
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},
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"natural_gas_exports": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
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},
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"natural_gas_imports": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
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},
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"natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
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"text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
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},
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"carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
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"text": "219,700 Mt (2010 est.)"
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}
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},
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"comm": {
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"telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
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"text": "1,900 (2009)"
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},
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"telephones_mobile_cellular": {
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"text": "6,700 (2011)"
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},
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"telephone_system": {
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"general_assessment": "adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities",
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"international": "country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)"
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},
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"broadcast_media": {
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"text": "1 government-owned TV station broadcasting programs from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1 government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes Australian and British programs (2009)"
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},
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"internet_country_code": {
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"text": ".nr"
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},
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"internet_hosts": {
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"text": "8,162 (2012)"
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}
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},
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"trans": {
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"airports": {
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"text": "1 (2013)"
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},
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"airports_with_paved_runways": {
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"total": "1",
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"1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)"
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},
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"roadways": {
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"total": "24 km",
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"paved": "24 km (2002)"
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},
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"ports_and_terminals": {
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"text": "Nauru"
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}
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},
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|
"military": {
|
|
"military_branches": {
|
|
"text": "no regular military forces (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_available_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "2,542 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "1,823",
|
|
"females_age_16_49": "2,034 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
|
|
"male": "74",
|
|
"female": "78 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_expenditures": {
|
|
"text": "NA"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_note": {
|
|
"text": "Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"issues": {
|
|
"disputes_international": {
|
|
"text": "none"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} |