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574 lines
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25 KiB
JSON
574 lines
No EOL
25 KiB
JSON
{
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"intro": {
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"background": {
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"text": "The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance."
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}
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},
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"geo": {
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"location": {
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"text": "Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela"
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},
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"geographic_coordinates": {
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"text": "13 10 N, 59 32 W"
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},
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"map_references": {
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"text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
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},
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"area": {
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"total": "430 sq km",
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"land": "430 sq km",
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"water": "0 sq km"
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},
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"area_comparative": {
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"text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC"
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},
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"land_boundaries": {
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"text": "0 km"
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},
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"coastline": {
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"text": "97 km"
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},
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"maritime_claims": {
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"territorial_sea": "12 nm",
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"exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm"
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},
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"climate": {
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"text": "tropical; rainy season (June to October)"
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},
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"terrain": {
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"text": "relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region"
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},
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"elevation_extremes": {
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"lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m",
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"highest_point": "Mount Hillaby 336 m"
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},
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"natural_resources": {
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"text": "petroleum, fish, natural gas"
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},
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"land_use": {
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"arable_land": "27.91%",
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"permanent_crops": "2.33%",
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"other": "69.77% (2011)"
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},
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"irrigated_land": {
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"text": "54.35 sq km (2003)"
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},
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"total_renewable_water_resources": {
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"text": "0.08 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
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"total": "0.1 cu km/yr (20%/26%/54%)",
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"per_capita": "371.3 cu m/yr (2009)"
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},
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"natural_hazards": {
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"text": "infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides"
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},
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"environment_current_issues": {
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"text": "pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers"
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},
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"environment_international_agreements": {
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"party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands",
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"signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
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},
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"geography_note": {
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"text": "easternmost Caribbean island"
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}
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},
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"people": {
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"nationality": {
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"noun": "Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)",
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"adjective": "Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)"
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},
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"ethnic_groups": {
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"text": "black 93%, white 3.2%, mixed 2.6%, East Indian 1%, other 0.2% (2000 census)"
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},
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"languages": {
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"text": "English"
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},
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"religions": {
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"text": "Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3%, Pentecostal 18.7%, Methodist 5.1%, other 11.3%), Roman Catholic 4.2%, other Christian 7%, other 4.8%, none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)"
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},
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"population": {
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"text": "288,725 (July 2013 est.)"
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},
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"age_structure": {
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"0_14_years": "18.6% (male 26,849/female 26,853)",
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"15_24_years": "13.8% (male 19,937/female 19,852)",
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"25_54_years": "45.4% (male 65,153/female 65,902)",
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"55_64_years": "12% (male 16,102/female 18,550)",
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"65_years_and_over": "10.2% (male 11,642/female 17,885) (2013 est.)"
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},
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"dependency_ratios": {
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"total_dependency_ratio": "42.3 %",
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"youth_dependency_ratio": "26.9 %",
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"elderly_dependency_ratio": "15.5 %",
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"potential_support_ratio": "6.5 (2013)"
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},
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"median_age": {
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"total": "37.3 years",
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"male": "36.2 years",
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"female": "38.4 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"population_growth_rate": {
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"text": "0.34% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"birth_rate": {
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"text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"death_rate": {
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"text": "8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"net_migration_rate": {
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"text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"urbanization": {
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"urban_population": "44% of total population (2010)",
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"rate_of_urbanization": "1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
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},
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"major_urban_areas_population": {
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"text": "BRIDGETOWN (capital) 122,000 (2011)"
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},
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"sex_ratio": {
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"at_birth": "1.01 male(s)/female",
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"0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female",
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"15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female",
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"25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female",
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"55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female",
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"65_years_and_over": "0.65 male(s)/female",
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"total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
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},
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"maternal_mortality_rate": {
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"text": "51 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
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},
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"infant_mortality_rate": {
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"total": "11.13 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"male": "12.49 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"female": "9.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
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},
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"life_expectancy_at_birth": {
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"total_population": "74.75 years",
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"male": "72.47 years",
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"female": "77.05 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"total_fertility_rate": {
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"text": "1.68 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
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},
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"health_expenditures": {
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"text": "8% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"physicians_density": {
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"text": "1.81 physicians/1,000 population (2005)"
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},
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"hospital_bed_density": {
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"text": "6.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)"
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},
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"drinking_water_source": {
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"improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)"
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},
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"sanitation_facility_access": {
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"improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "1.4% (2009 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
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"text": "2,100 (2009 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_deaths": {
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"text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)"
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},
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"obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "34.7% (2008)"
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},
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"education_expenditures": {
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"text": "7.5% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"literacy": {
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"definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school",
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"total_population": "99.7%",
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"male": "99.7%",
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"female": "99.7% (2002 est.)"
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},
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"school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
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"total": "17 years",
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"male": "15 years",
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"female": "18 years (2011)"
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},
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"unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": {
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"total": "26.2%",
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"male": "24.1%",
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"female": "28.7% (2003)"
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}
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},
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"govt": {
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"country_name": {
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"conventional_long_form": "none",
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"conventional_short_form": "Barbados"
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},
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"government_type": {
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"text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm"
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},
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"capital": {
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"name": "Bridgetown",
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"geographic_coordinates": "13 06 N, 59 37 W",
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"time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
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},
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"administrative_divisions": {
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"text": "11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas"
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},
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"independence": {
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"text": "30 November 1966 (from the UK)"
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},
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"national_holiday": {
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"text": "Independence Day, 30 November (1966)"
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},
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"constitution": {
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"text": "30 November 1966"
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},
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"legal_system": {
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"text": "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts"
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},
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"international_law_organization_participation": {
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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},
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"executive_branch": {
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"chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Elliot BELGRAVE (since 1 June 2012)",
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"head_of_government": "Prime Minister Freundel STUART (since 23 October 2010)",
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"cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister",
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"elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister"
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},
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"legislative_branch": {
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"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at his discretion) and the House of Assembly (30 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)",
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"elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 21 February 2013 (next to be called in 2018)",
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"election_results": "House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - DLP 51.3%, BLP 48.3%, other .4%; seats by party - DLP 16, BLP 14"
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},
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"judicial_branch": {
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"highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the High Court with 8 justices) and the Court of Appeal (consists of the chief Justice and president of the court and 4 justices note - Barbados, a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice, replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal",
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"judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister and opposition leader of Parliament; other justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, a 5-member independent body consisting of the Supreme Court chief justice, the commission head, and governor-general appointees recommended by the prime minister; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 65",
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"subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts"
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},
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"political_parties_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]"
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},
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"political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN]; Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Karen BEST]; Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Leroy TROTMAN]; Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG]; National Union of Public Workers [Walter MALONEY]"
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},
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"international_organization_participation": {
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"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
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"chief_of_mission": "Ambassador John BEALE",
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"chancery": "2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008",
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"telephone": "[1] (202) 939-9200",
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"fax": "[1] (202) 332-7467",
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"consulates_general": "Miami, New York",
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"consulates": "Los Angeles"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
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"chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Larry L. PALMER",
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"embassy": "U.S. Embassy, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14006",
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"mailing_address": "P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown BB 11000; (Department Name) Unit 3120, DPO AA 34055",
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"telephone": "[1] (246) 227-4000",
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"fax": "[1] (246) 431-0179"
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},
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"flag_description": {
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"text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the band colors represent the blue of the sea and sky and the gold of the beaches; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)"
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},
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"national_symbols": {
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"text": "Neptune's trident"
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},
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"national_anthem": {
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"name": "\"The National Anthem of Barbados\"",
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"lyrics_music": "Irving BURGIE/C. Van Roland EDWARDS",
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"note": "adopted 1966; the anthem is also known as \"In Plenty and In Time of Need\""
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}
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},
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"econ": {
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"economy_overview": {
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"text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and most developed country in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism with about four-fifths of GDP and of exports being attributed to services. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners and thrive from having the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and a relatively highly educated workforce. Barbados' tourism, financial services, and construction industries have been hard hit since the onset of the global economic crisis in 2008, which caused the economy to contract 4% in 2009 and grow below 1% annually since 2010. Barbados' public debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 56% in 2008 to 83% in 2012."
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},
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"gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
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"text": "$7.169 billion (2012 est.); $7.169 billion (2011 est.); $7.128 billion (2010 est.)",
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"note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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},
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"gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
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"text": "$4.49 billion (2012 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_real_growth_rate": {
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"text": "0% (2012 est.); 0.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
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"text": "$25,800 (2012 est.); $25,900 (2011 est.); $25,800 (2010 est.)",
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"note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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},
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"gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
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"household_consumption": "72.7%",
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"government_consumption": "19.2%",
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"investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.5%",
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"investment_in_inventories": "-3.1%",
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"exports_of_goods_and_services": "46.5%",
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"imports_of_goods_and_services": "-49.8% (2012 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
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"agriculture": "3.1%",
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"industry": "13.9%",
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"services": "83% (2012 est.)"
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},
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"agriculture_products": {
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"text": "sugarcane, vegetables, cotton"
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},
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"industries": {
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"text": "tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export"
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},
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"industrial_production_growth_rate": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"labor_force": {
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"text": "137,500 (2012 est.)"
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},
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"labor_force_by_occupation": {
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"agriculture": "10%",
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"industry": "15%",
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"services": "75% (1996 est.)"
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},
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"unemployment_rate": {
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"text": "11.6% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2010 est.)"
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},
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"population_below_poverty_line": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
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"lowest_10%": "NA%",
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"highest_10%": "NA%"
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},
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"budget": {
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"revenues": "$1.194 billion (2012 est.)",
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"expenditures": "$1.513 billion (2012 est.)"
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},
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"taxes_and_other_revenues": {
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"text": "26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)"
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},
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"budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
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"text": "-7.1% of GDP (2012 est.)"
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},
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"public_debt": {
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"text": "82.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 80.1% of GDP (2011 est.)"
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},
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"fiscal_year": {
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"text": "1 April - 31 March"
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},
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"inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
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"text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 9.4% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"central_bank_discount_rate": {
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"text": "7% (31 December 2010 est.); 7% (31 December 2009 est.)"
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},
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"commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
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"text": "8.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.7% (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"stock_of_narrow_money": {
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"text": "$1.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"stock_of_broad_money": {
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"text": "$5.711 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $5.239 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
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},
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"stock_of_domestic_credit": {
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"text": "$5.236 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.068 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
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"text": "$4.571 billion (31 December 2011); $4.366 billion (31 December 2010); $4.39 billion (31 December 2009)"
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},
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"current_account_balance": {
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"text": "-$344.9 million (2012 est.); -$358.5 million (2011 est.)"
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},
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"exports": {
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"text": "$1.039 billion (2012 est.); $948.3 million (2011 est.)"
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},
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"exports_commodities": {
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"text": "manufactures, sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components"
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},
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"exports_partners": {
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"text": "Trinidad and Tobago 21.3%, US 11%, St. Lucia 9.9%, St. Vincent and the Grenadines 6.1%, Antigua and Barbuda 5%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.7%, Jamaica 4.5%, UK 4.1%, Colombia 4% (2012)"
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},
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"imports": {
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"text": "$1.584 billion (2012 est.); $1.728 billion (2011 est.)"
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},
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"imports_commodities": {
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"text": "consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components"
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},
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"imports_partners": {
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"text": "Trinidad and Tobago 37.9%, US 25.7%, China 5.4% (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": {
|
|
"text": "$773.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $812.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"debt_external": {
|
|
"text": "$4.49 billion (2010 est.); $668 million (2003 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"exchange_rates": {
|
|
"text": "Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar -; 2 (2012 est.); 2 (2011 est.); 2 (2010 est.)",
|
|
"note": "the Barbadian dollar is pegged to the US dollar"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"energy": {
|
|
"electricity_production": {
|
|
"text": "1.037 billion kWh (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "955 million kWh (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_imports": {
|
|
"text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
|
|
"text": "239,100 kW (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
|
|
"text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_production": {
|
|
"text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_imports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
|
|
"text": "2.26 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_production": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "8,339 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
|
|
"text": "7,686 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_production": {
|
|
"text": "29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_imports": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
|
|
"text": "113.3 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
|
|
"text": "1.57 million Mt (2010 est.)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"comm": {
|
|
"telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
|
|
"text": "140,700 (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"telephones_mobile_cellular": {
|
|
"text": "347,900 (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"telephone_system": {
|
|
"general_assessment": "island-wide automatic telephone system",
|
|
"domestic": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density approaching 125 per 100 persons",
|
|
"international": "country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2009)"
|
|
},
|
|
"broadcast_media": {
|
|
"text": "government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_country_code": {
|
|
"text": ".bb"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_hosts": {
|
|
"text": "1,524 (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_users": {
|
|
"text": "188,000 (2008)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"trans": {
|
|
"airports": {
|
|
"text": "1 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"airports_with_paved_runways": {
|
|
"total": "1",
|
|
"over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"pipelines": {
|
|
"text": "gas 33 km; oil 64 km; refined products 6 km (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"roadways": {
|
|
"total": "1,600 km",
|
|
"paved": "1,600 km (2004)"
|
|
},
|
|
"merchant_marine": {
|
|
"total": "109",
|
|
"by_type": "bulk carrier 23, cargo 52, chemical tanker 13, container 6, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 1",
|
|
"foreign_owned": "83 (Canada 11, Greece 14, Iran 5, Lebanon 2, Norway 38, Sweden 4, Syria 1, Turkey 1, UAE 1, UK 6) (2010)"
|
|
},
|
|
"ports_and_terminals": {
|
|
"major_seaports": "Bridgetown"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"military": {
|
|
"military_branches": {
|
|
"text": "Royal Barbados Defense Force: Troops Command, Barbados Coast Guard (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_service_age_and_obligation": {
|
|
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service, or earlier with parental consent; no conscription (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_available_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "73,820",
|
|
"females_age_16_49": "73,835 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "58,125",
|
|
"females_age_16_49": "58,016 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
|
|
"male": "1,842",
|
|
"female": "1,849 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_expenditures": {
|
|
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_note": {
|
|
"text": "the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is island defense against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre deployed throughout the island; the cadre increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline for smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"issues": {
|
|
"disputes_international": {
|
|
"text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea"
|
|
},
|
|
"trafficking_in_persons": {
|
|
"current_situation": "Barbados is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; legal and illegal female migrants from Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and Guyana seem most vulnerable to forced prostitution; Barbadian and immigrant children are prostituted in exchange for material goods; in the past, foreigners are reported to have been forced to work in the domestic service, agriculture, and construction industries",
|
|
"tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Barbados does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the country was granted a waiver of an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because the government adopted a national action plan on human trafficking that specifies implementing agencies and addresses prosecution, protection, and prevention measures; the government conducted at least two sex trafficking investigations in 2012, as opposed to none in the previous year but did not report any prosecutions or convictions of trafficking offenses; Barbadian law does not appear to prohibit all forms of human trafficking and does not prescribe sufficiently stringent penalties; government efforts to prevent human trafficking included broadcasting short public awareness messages, holding town hall meetings, and funding a hotline (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"illicit_drugs": {
|
|
"text": "one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} |