factbook.json/africa/sn-senegal.json

{
  "intro": {
    "background": {
      "text": "The French colonies of Senegal and the French Sudan were merged in 1959 and granted their independence as the Mali Federation in 1960. The union broke up after only a few months. Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. The Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC) has led a low-level separatist insurgency in southern Senegal since the 1980s, and several peace deals have failed to resolve the conflict. Nevertheless, Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. Senegal was ruled by a Socialist Party for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000. He was reelected in 2007 and during his two terms amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and to weaken the opposition. His decision to run for a third presidential term sparked a large public backlash that led to his defeat in a March 2012 runoff election with Macky SALL."
    }
  },
  "geo": {
    "location": {
      "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania"
    },
    "geographic_coordinates": {
      "text": "14 00 N, 14 00 W"
    },
    "map_references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "area": {
      "total": "196,722 sq km",
      "land": "192,530 sq km",
      "water": "4,192 sq km"
    },
    "area_comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota"
    },
    "land_boundaries": {
      "total": "2,640 km",
      "border_countries": "The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km"
    },
    "coastline": {
      "text": "531 km"
    },
    "maritime_claims": {
      "territorial_sea": "12 nm",
      "contiguous_zone": "24 nm",
      "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm",
      "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin"
    },
    "climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind"
    },
    "terrain": {
      "text": "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast"
    },
    "elevation_extremes": {
      "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m",
      "highest_point": "unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m"
    },
    "natural_resources": {
      "text": "fish, phosphates, iron ore"
    },
    "land_use": {
      "arable_land": "19.57%",
      "permanent_crops": "0.28%",
      "other": "80.15% (2011)"
    },
    "irrigated_land": {
      "text": "1,197 sq km (2003)"
    },
    "total_renewable_water_resources": {
      "text": "38.8 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
      "total": "2.22  cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)",
      "per_capita": "221.6  cu m/yr (2002)"
    },
    "natural_hazards": {
      "text": "lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts"
    },
    "environment_current_issues": {
      "text": "wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing"
    },
    "environment_international_agreements": {
      "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling",
      "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
    },
    "geography_note": {
      "text": "westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "nationality": {
      "noun": "Senegalese (singular and plural)",
      "adjective": "Senegalese"
    },
    "ethnic_groups": {
      "text": "Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%"
    },
    "languages": {
      "text": "French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka"
    },
    "religions": {
      "text": "Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%"
    },
    "population": {
      "text": "13,300,410 (July 2013 est.)"
    },
    "age_structure": {
      "0_14_years": "42.7% (male 2,855,431/female 2,828,107)",
      "15_24_years": "20.5% (male 1,357,979/female 1,372,107)",
      "25_54_years": "30.1% (male 1,825,507/female 2,182,110)",
      "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 218,512/female 277,047)",
      "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 174,946/female 208,664) (2013 est.)"
    },
    "dependency_ratios": {
      "total_dependency_ratio": "86.9 %",
      "youth_dependency_ratio": "81.3 %",
      "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %",
      "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)"
    },
    "median_age": {
      "total": "18.2 years",
      "male": "17.4 years",
      "female": "19.1 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "population_growth_rate": {
      "text": "2.51% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "birth_rate": {
      "text": "35.64 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "death_rate": {
      "text": "8.85 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "net_migration_rate": {
      "text": "-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "urbanization": {
      "urban_population": "42.5% of total population (2011)",
      "rate_of_urbanization": "3.32% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
    },
    "major_urban_areas_population": {
      "text": "DAKAR (capital) 2.777 million (2009)"
    },
    "sex_ratio": {
      "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female",
      "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female",
      "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female",
      "25_54_years": "0.83 male(s)/female",
      "55_64_years": "0.8 male(s)/female",
      "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female",
      "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
    },
    "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": {
      "text": "21.4",
      "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)"
    },
    "maternal_mortality_rate": {
      "text": "370 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
    },
    "infant_mortality_rate": {
      "total": "53.93 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "male": "60.22 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "female": "47.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
    },
    "life_expectancy_at_birth": {
      "total_population": "60.57 years",
      "male": "58.58 years",
      "female": "62.61 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "total_fertility_rate": {
      "text": "4.61 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
    },
    "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "13.1% (2010/11)"
    },
    "health_expenditures": {
      "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "physicians_density": {
      "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)"
    },
    "hospital_bed_density": {
      "text": "0.34 beds/1,000 population (2008)"
    },
    "drinking_water_source": {
      "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 72% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "sanitation_facility_access": {
      "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 52% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 48% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
      "text": "59,000 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_deaths": {
      "text": "2,600 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "major_infectious_diseases": {
      "degree_of_risk": "very high",
      "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever",
      "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever",
      "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis",
      "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis",
      "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)"
    },
    "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "6.8% (2008)"
    },
    "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
      "text": "19.2% (2011)"
    },
    "education_expenditures": {
      "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "literacy": {
      "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
      "total_population": "49.7%",
      "male": "61.8%",
      "female": "38.7% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
      "total": "8 years",
      "male": "8 years",
      "female": "8 years (2010)"
    },
    "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": {
      "total_number": "657,216",
      "percentage": "22 % (2005 est.)"
    },
    "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": {
      "total": "14.8%",
      "male": "11.9%",
      "female": "20.1% (2006)"
    }
  },
  "govt": {
    "country_name": {
      "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Senegal",
      "conventional_short_form": "Senegal",
      "local_long_form": "Republique du Senegal",
      "local_short_form": "Senegal",
      "former": "Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation"
    },
    "government_type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "capital": {
      "name": "Dakar",
      "geographic_coordinates": "14 44 N, 17 38 W",
      "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
    },
    "administrative_divisions": {
      "text": "14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor"
    },
    "independence": {
      "text": "4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960"
    },
    "national_holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 4 April (1960)"
    },
    "constitution": {
      "text": "adopted 7 January 2001; amended many times"
    },
    "legal_system": {
      "text": "civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court"
    },
    "international_law_organization_participation": {
      "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "executive_branch": {
      "chief_of_state": "President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)",
      "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Aminata TOURE (since 3 September 2013)",
      "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president",
      "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2012 with a second round runoff on 25 March 2012 (next to be held 2019); prime minister appointed by the president",
      "election_results": "Macky SALL elected president; percent of votes in a runoff - Macky SALL 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE 34.2%"
    },
    "legislative_branch": {
      "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; 90 members elected by direct popular vote and 60 elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms)",
      "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017)",
      "election_results": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition 119, PDS 12, Bokk Giss Giss coalition 4, MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 4, PVD 2, MRDS 2, URD 1, AJ/PADS 1, other 5"
    },
    "judicial_branch": {
      "highest_courts": "Highest Appeals Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of 13 judges including the court president); Constitutional Council (consists of 5 members including the court president, vice-president, and 3 judges)",
      "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Highest Appeals Court judges' tenure NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president of the republic to serve 6-year terms with renewal of 3 members every two years",
      "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; regional and first instance courts"
    },
    "political_parties_and_leaders": {
      "text": "African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar [Macky SALL]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Benno Bokk Yakaar coaltion [Macky SALL]; Benno Siggil Senegal (a coalition of opposition parties); Bokk Giss Giss coalition [Pape DIOP]; Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Ahmadou Kara MBACKE]; People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]; Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy or MRDS; Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Synergy for Ethics and Transparency [Aminata TALL]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]"
    },
    "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
      "other": "labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers"
    },
    "international_organization_participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Cheikh NIANG",
      "chancery": "2031 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009",
      "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-0540",
      "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6315",
      "consulates_general": "Houston, New York"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Lewis LUKENS",
      "embassy": "Route des Almadies, Dakar",
      "mailing_address": "B. P. 49, Dakar",
      "telephone": "[221] 33-879-4000",
      "fax": "[221] 33-822-2991"
    },
    "flag_description": {
      "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope",
      "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea"
    },
    "national_symbols": {
      "text": "lion"
    },
    "national_anthem": {
      "name": "\"Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons\" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)",
      "lyrics_music": "Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER",
      "note": "adopted 1960; the lyrics were written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem is sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title"
    }
  },
  "econ": {
    "economy_overview": {
      "text": "Senegal relies heavily on donor assistance and foreign direct investment. The country's key export industries are phosphate mining, fertilizer production, and commercial fishing. The country is also working on iron ore and oil exploration projects. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to an economic reform program backed by the donor community, which led to real growth in GDP averaging over 5% annually during 1995-2007. Annual inflation was pushed down to the single digits. The global economic downturn reduced growth to 2.2% in 2009. The IMF completed a non-dispersing, Policy Support Initiative program in 2010 and approved a new three-year policy support instrument in December 2010 to assist with economic reforms. Senegal also receives disbursements from a $540 million Millennium Challenge Account for infrastructure and agriculture development. In 2012, the economy began to rebound after a weak 2011. The economy continues to suffer from unreliable power supply, which has led to public protests and high unemployment and has prompted migrants to flee Senegal in search of better job opportunities in Europe."
    },
    "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
      "text": "$27.01 billion (2012 est.); $26.09 billion (2011 est.); $25.42 billion (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
      "text": "$13.86 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_real_growth_rate": {
      "text": "3.5% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.); 4.3% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
      "text": "$2,100 (2012 est.); $2,000 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gross_national_saving": {
      "text": "16.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.4% of GDP (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
      "household_consumption": "80.2%",
      "government_consumption": "6.9%",
      "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.5%",
      "investment_in_inventories": "4.2%",
      "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.4%",
      "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
      "agriculture": "15.2%",
      "industry": "22.6%",
      "services": "62.2% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "agriculture_products": {
      "text": "peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish"
    },
    "industries": {
      "text": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining; iron ore, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair"
    },
    "industrial_production_growth_rate": {
      "text": "0.1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force": {
      "text": "5.906 million (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force_by_occupation": {
      "agriculture": "77.5%",
      "industry_and_services": "22.5% (2007 est.)"
    },
    "unemployment_rate": {
      "text": "48% (2007 est.)"
    },
    "population_below_poverty_line": {
      "text": "54% (2001 est.)"
    },
    "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
      "lowest_10%": "2.5%",
      "highest_10%": "30.1% (2005)"
    },
    "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": {
      "text": "41.3 (2001); 41.3 (1995)"
    },
    "budget": {
      "revenues": "$3.359 billion",
      "expenditures": "$4.213 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "taxes_and_other_revenues": {
      "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
      "text": "-6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "public_debt": {
      "text": "36.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.6% of GDP (2011 est.)"
    },
    "fiscal_year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
      "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "central_bank_discount_rate": {
      "text": "0.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)"
    },
    "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
      "text": "14.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.5% (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_narrow_money": {
      "text": "$3.577 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.254 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_broad_money": {
      "text": "$5.818 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_domestic_credit": {
      "text": "$4.509 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.186 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "current_account_balance": {
      "text": "-$1.298 billion (2012 est.); -$1.685 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports": {
      "text": "$2.382 billion (2012 est.); $2.413 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports_commodities": {
      "text": "fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton"
    },
    "exports_partners": {
      "text": "Mali 14.4%, Switzerland 14.1%, India 11.9%, France 4.7%, Guinea 4.2% (2012)"
    },
    "imports": {
      "text": "$5.733 billion (2012 est.); $5.392 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "imports_commodities": {
      "text": "food and beverages, capital goods, fuels"
    },
    "imports_partners": {
      "text": "France 16.2%, Nigeria 12.9%, India 6.3%, China 6.3%, UK 4.6% (2012)"
    },
    "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": {
      "text": "$2.082 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.946 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "debt_external": {
      "text": "$4.222 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "exchange_rates": {
      "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)"
    }
  },
  "energy": {
    "electricity_production": {
      "text": "2.608 billion kWh (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_consumption": {
      "text": "2.123 billion kWh (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
      "text": "638,000 kW (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
      "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
      "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_imports": {
      "text": "13,040 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_production": {
      "text": "16,850 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
      "text": "40,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
      "text": "7,046 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
      "text": "16,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_production": {
      "text": "50 million cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_consumption": {
      "text": "50 million cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "NA cu m"
    },
    "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
      "text": "6.679 million Mt (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "comm": {
    "telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
      "text": "346,400 (2011)"
    },
    "telephones_mobile_cellular": {
      "text": "9.353 million (2011)"
    },
    "telephone_system": {
      "general_assessment": "good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system",
      "domestic": "above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; nearly two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly",
      "international": "country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)"
    },
    "broadcast_media": {
      "text": "state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)"
    },
    "internet_country_code": {
      "text": ".sn"
    },
    "internet_hosts": {
      "text": "237 (2012)"
    },
    "internet_users": {
      "text": "1.818 million (2009)"
    }
  },
  "trans": {
    "airports": {
      "text": "20 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_paved_runways": {
      "total": "9",
      "over_3_047_m": "2",
      "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_unpaved_runways": {
      "total": "11",
      "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "3",
      "under_914_m": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2013)"
    },
    "railways": {
      "total": "906 km",
      "narrow_gauge": "906 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)"
    },
    "roadways": {
      "total": "14,008 km",
      "paved": "4,099 km (includes 7 km of expressways)",
      "unpaved": "9,909 km (2003)"
    },
    "waterways": {
      "text": "1,000 km (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2012)"
    },
    "merchant_marine": {
      "total": "1",
      "by_type": "passenger/cargo 1 (2010)"
    },
    "ports_and_terminals": {
      "text": "Dakar"
    }
  },
  "military": {
    "military_branches": {
      "text": "Senegalese Armed Forces: Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2013)"
    },
    "military_service_age_and_obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; service obligation is 2 years; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2013)"
    },
    "manpower_available_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "2,699,196",
      "females_age_16_49": "3,018,565 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "1,788,493",
      "females_age_16_49": "2,133,370 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
      "male": "145,509",
      "female": "145,064 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "military_expenditures": {
      "text": "1.6% of GDP (2011)"
    }
  },
  "issues": {
    "disputes_international": {
      "text": "The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling into their countries from Senegal's Casamance region, and in 2006, respectively accepted 6,000 and 10,000 Casamance residents fleeing the conflict; 2,500 Guinea-Bissau residents fled into Senegal in 2006 to escape armed confrontations along the border"
    },
    "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": {
      "refugees_country_of_origin": "13,702 (Mauritania) (2012)",
      "idps": "10,000-40,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2012)"
    },
    "illicit_drugs": {
      "text": "transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis"
    }
  }
}