factbook.json/africa/mz-mozambique.json

{
  "intro": {
    "background": {
      "text": "Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid 1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between Frelimo and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. President GUEBUZA was reelected to a second term in October 2009. However, the elections were flawed by voter fraud, questionable disqualification of candidates, and Frelimo use of government resources during the campaign. As a result, Freedom House removed Mozambique from its list of electoral democracies."
    }
  },
  "geo": {
    "location": {
      "text": "Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania"
    },
    "geographic_coordinates": {
      "text": "18 15 S, 35 00 E"
    },
    "map_references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "area": {
      "total": "799,380 sq km",
      "land": "786,380 sq km",
      "water": "13,000 sq km"
    },
    "area_comparative": {
      "text": "slightly less than twice the size of California"
    },
    "land_boundaries": {
      "total": "4,571 km",
      "border_countries": "Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km"
    },
    "coastline": {
      "text": "2,470 km"
    },
    "maritime_claims": {
      "territorial_sea": "12 nm",
      "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm"
    },
    "climate": {
      "text": "tropical to subtropical"
    },
    "terrain": {
      "text": "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west"
    },
    "elevation_extremes": {
      "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m",
      "highest_point": "Monte Binga 2,436 m"
    },
    "natural_resources": {
      "text": "coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite"
    },
    "land_use": {
      "arable_land": "6.51%",
      "permanent_crops": "0.25%",
      "other": "93.24% (2011)"
    },
    "irrigated_land": {
      "text": "1,181 sq km (2003)"
    },
    "total_renewable_water_resources": {
      "text": "217.1 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
      "total": "0.88  cu km/yr (26%/4%/70%)",
      "per_capita": "46.05  cu m/yr (2005)"
    },
    "natural_hazards": {
      "text": "severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces"
    },
    "environment_current_issues": {
      "text": "a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem"
    },
    "environment_international_agreements": {
      "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands",
      "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
    },
    "geography_note": {
      "text": "the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "nationality": {
      "noun": "Mozambican(s)",
      "adjective": "Mozambican"
    },
    "ethnic_groups": {
      "text": "African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%"
    },
    "languages": {
      "text": "Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)"
    },
    "religions": {
      "text": "Catholic 28.4%, Protestant 27.7% (Zionist Christian 15.5%, Evangelical Pentecostal 10.9%, Anglican 1.3%), Muslim 17.9%, other 7.2%, none 18.7% (1997 census)"
    },
    "population": {
      "text": "24,096,669 (July 2013 est.)",
      "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
    },
    "age_structure": {
      "0_14_years": "45.5% (male 5,515,341/female 5,457,336)",
      "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 2,469,221/female 2,610,720)",
      "25_54_years": "27% (male 3,035,069/female 3,461,519)",
      "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 396,186/female 442,237)",
      "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 325,955/female 383,085) (2013 est.)"
    },
    "dependency_ratios": {
      "total_dependency_ratio": "94.8 %",
      "youth_dependency_ratio": "88.4 %",
      "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %",
      "potential_support_ratio": "15.6 (2013)"
    },
    "median_age": {
      "total": "16.8 years",
      "male": "16.2 years",
      "female": "17.5 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "population_growth_rate": {
      "text": "2.44% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "birth_rate": {
      "text": "39.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "death_rate": {
      "text": "12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "net_migration_rate": {
      "text": "-2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "urbanization": {
      "urban_population": "31.2% of total population (2011)",
      "rate_of_urbanization": "3.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
    },
    "major_urban_areas_population": {
      "text": "MAPUTO (capital) 1.589 million; Matola 761,000 (2009)"
    },
    "sex_ratio": {
      "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female",
      "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female",
      "15_24_years": "0.93 male(s)/female",
      "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female",
      "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female",
      "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female",
      "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
    },
    "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": {
      "text": "18.8 (2003 est.)"
    },
    "maternal_mortality_rate": {
      "text": "490 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
    },
    "infant_mortality_rate": {
      "total": "74.63 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "male": "76.78 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "female": "72.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
    },
    "life_expectancy_at_birth": {
      "total_population": "52.29 years",
      "male": "51.54 years",
      "female": "53.06 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "total_fertility_rate": {
      "text": "5.34 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
    },
    "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "11.6% (2011)"
    },
    "health_expenditures": {
      "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "physicians_density": {
      "text": "0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2006)"
    },
    "hospital_bed_density": {
      "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "drinking_water_source": {
      "improved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 47% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 53% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "sanitation_facility_access": {
      "improved": "urban: 38% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 18% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 62% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "11.5% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
      "text": "1.4 million (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_deaths": {
      "text": "74,000 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "major_infectious_diseases": {
      "degree_of_risk": "very high",
      "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever",
      "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever",
      "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis",
      "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)"
    },
    "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "4.9% (2008)"
    },
    "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
      "text": "18.3% (2008)"
    },
    "education_expenditures": {
      "text": "5% of GDP (2006)"
    },
    "literacy": {
      "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
      "total_population": "56.1%",
      "male": "70.8%",
      "female": "42.8% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
      "total": "10 years",
      "male": "10 years",
      "female": "9 years (2011)"
    },
    "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": {
      "total_number": "1,369,080",
      "percentage": "22 % (2008 est.)"
    }
  },
  "govt": {
    "country_name": {
      "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mozambique",
      "conventional_short_form": "Mozambique",
      "local_long_form": "Republica de Mocambique",
      "local_short_form": "Mocambique",
      "former": "Portuguese East Africa"
    },
    "government_type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "capital": {
      "name": "Maputo",
      "geographic_coordinates": "25 57 S, 32 35 E",
      "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
    },
    "administrative_divisions": {
      "text": "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia"
    },
    "independence": {
      "text": "25 June 1975 (from Portugal)"
    },
    "national_holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 25 June (1975)"
    },
    "constitution": {
      "text": "30 November 1990"
    },
    "legal_system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, Islamic law, and customary law"
    },
    "international_law_organization_participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "executive_branch": {
      "chief_of_state": "President Armando Emilio GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)",
      "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Alberto Clementino VAQUINA (since 8 October 2012)",
      "cabinet": "Cabinet",
      "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for three terms); election last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister appointed by the president",
      "election_results": "Armando GUEBUZA reelected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 76.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 14.9%, Daviz SIMANGO 8.8%"
    },
    "legislative_branch": {
      "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)",
      "elections": "last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014)",
      "election_results": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 74.7%, RENAMO 17.7%, MDM 3.9%, other 3.7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 191, RENAMO 51, MDM 8"
    },
    "judicial_branch": {
      "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges) note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline",
      "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ)  and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms",
      "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts"
    },
    "political_parties_and_leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]; Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA]; Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]"
    },
    "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
      "text": "Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]"
    },
    "international_organization_participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Amelia Matos SUMBANA",
      "chancery": "1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036",
      "telephone": "[1] (202) 293-7146",
      "fax": "[1] (202) 835-0245"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS",
      "embassy": "Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo",
      "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 783, Maputo",
      "telephone": "[258] (21) 492797",
      "fax": "[258] (21) 490114"
    },
    "flag_description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism"
    },
    "national_anthem": {
      "name": "\"Patria Amada\" (Lovely Fatherland)",
      "lyrics_music": "Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown",
      "note": "adopted 2002"
    }
  },
  "econ": {
    "economy_overview": {
      "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remained dependent upon foreign assistance for 40% of its 2012 annual budget and over half the population remained below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force and smallholder agricultural productivity and productivity growth is weak. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a signficant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique. Compact projects will end in September 2013 and are focusing on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010, after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on people, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2012, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to fuel continued high growth in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years."
    },
    "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
      "text": "$26.69 billion (2012 est.); $24.83 billion (2011 est.); $23.13 billion (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
      "text": "$14.6 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_real_growth_rate": {
      "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 7.3% (2011 est.); 7.1% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
      "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gross_national_saving": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.); 5.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 4.8% of GDP (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
      "household_consumption": "77.3%",
      "government_consumption": "13.5%",
      "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.8%",
      "investment_in_inventories": "0.9%",
      "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27%",
      "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.8% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
      "agriculture": "29.5%",
      "industry": "23.9%",
      "services": "46.5% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "agriculture_products": {
      "text": "cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry"
    },
    "industries": {
      "text": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages"
    },
    "industrial_production_growth_rate": {
      "text": "12% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force": {
      "text": "10.1 million (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force_by_occupation": {
      "agriculture": "81%",
      "industry": "6%",
      "services": "13% (1997 est.)"
    },
    "unemployment_rate": {
      "text": "17% (2007 est.); 21% (1997 est.)"
    },
    "population_below_poverty_line": {
      "text": "52% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
      "lowest_10%": "1.9%",
      "highest_10%": "36.7% (2008)"
    },
    "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": {
      "text": "45.6 (2008); 47.3 (2002)"
    },
    "budget": {
      "revenues": "$4.315 billion",
      "expenditures": "$4.904 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "taxes_and_other_revenues": {
      "text": "29.6% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
      "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "public_debt": {
      "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.5% of GDP (2011 est.)"
    },
    "fiscal_year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
      "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 10.4% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "central_bank_discount_rate": {
      "text": "9.5% (17 January 2013 est.); 3.25% (31 December 2010 est.)"
    },
    "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
      "text": "16.81% (31 December 2012 est.); 19.1% (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_narrow_money": {
      "text": "$4.335 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.574 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_broad_money": {
      "text": "$5.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_domestic_credit": {
      "text": "$3.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "current_account_balance": {
      "text": "-$2.432 billion (2012 est.); -$1.615 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports": {
      "text": "$3.469 billion (2012 est.); $3.118 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports_commodities": {
      "text": "aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity"
    },
    "exports_partners": {
      "text": "South Africa 30.9%, Belgium 12.8%, China 9%, Italy 7.8%, Spain 6.2%, India 5.6% (2012)"
    },
    "imports": {
      "text": "$6.167 billion (2012 est.); $5.368 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "imports_commodities": {
      "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles"
    },
    "imports_partners": {
      "text": "South Africa 30.7%, China 12.2%, India 11.4%, US 5.1%, Portugal 4.8%, Australia 4.4% (2012)"
    },
    "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": {
      "text": "$2.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.469 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "debt_external": {
      "text": "$4.562 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "exchange_rates": {
      "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar -; 28.383 (2012 est.); 29.075 (2011 est.); 33.96 (2010 est.); 26.28 (2009); 24.125 (2008)"
    }
  },
  "energy": {
    "electricity_production": {
      "text": "14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_consumption": {
      "text": "10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_exports": {
      "text": "9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_imports": {
      "text": "8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
      "text": "2.28 million kW (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
      "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
      "text": "99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
      "text": "19,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
      "text": "13,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_production": {
      "text": "3.12 billion cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_consumption": {
      "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_exports": {
      "text": "3.04 billion cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "127.4 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
      "text": "2.728 million Mt (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "comm": {
    "telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
      "text": "88,100 (2011)"
    },
    "telephones_mobile_cellular": {
      "text": "7.855 million (2011)"
    },
    "telephone_system": {
      "general_assessment": "a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges",
      "domestic": "stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons",
      "international": "country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)"
    },
    "broadcast_media": {
      "text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)"
    },
    "internet_country_code": {
      "text": ".mz"
    },
    "internet_hosts": {
      "text": "89,737 (2012)"
    },
    "internet_users": {
      "text": "613,600 (2009)"
    }
  },
  "trans": {
    "airports": {
      "text": "98 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_paved_runways": {
      "total": "21",
      "over_3_047_m": "1",
      "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2",
      "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "5",
      "under_914_m": "4 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_unpaved_runways": {
      "total": "77",
      "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1",
      "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "29",
      "under_914_m": "38 (2013)"
    },
    "pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)"
    },
    "railways": {
      "total": "4,787 km",
      "narrow_gauge": "4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)"
    },
    "roadways": {
      "total": "30,331 km",
      "paved": "6,303 km",
      "unpaved": "24,028 km (2000)"
    },
    "waterways": {
      "text": "460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)"
    },
    "merchant_marine": {
      "total": "2",
      "by_type": "cargo 2",
      "foreign_owned": "2 (Belgium 2) (2010)"
    },
    "ports_and_terminals": {
      "text": "Beira, Maputo, Nacala"
    }
  },
  "military": {
    "military_branches": {
      "text": "Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)"
    },
    "military_service_age_and_obligation": {
      "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)"
    },
    "manpower_available_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "4,613,367 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "2,677,473",
      "females_age_16_49": "2,941,073 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
      "male": "274,602",
      "female": "280,008 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "military_expenditures": {
      "text": "0.6% of GDP (2012)"
    }
  },
  "issues": {
    "disputes_international": {
      "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration"
    },
    "illicit_drugs": {
      "text": "southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center"
    }
  }
}