factbook.json/africa/bi-burundi.json

{
  "intro": {
    "background": {
      "text": "Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges."
    }
  },
  "geo": {
    "location": {
      "text": "Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo"
    },
    "geographic_coordinates": {
      "text": "3 30 S, 30 00 E"
    },
    "map_references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "area": {
      "total": "27,830 sq km",
      "land": "25,680 sq km",
      "water": "2,150 sq km"
    },
    "area_comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland"
    },
    "land_boundaries": {
      "total": "974 km",
      "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km"
    },
    "coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "maritime_claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "climate": {
      "text": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)"
    },
    "terrain": {
      "text": "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains"
    },
    "elevation_extremes": {
      "lowest_point": "Lake Tanganyika 772 m",
      "highest_point": "Heha 2,670 m"
    },
    "natural_resources": {
      "text": "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone"
    },
    "land_use": {
      "arable_land": "33.06%",
      "permanent_crops": "14.37%",
      "other": "52.57% (2011)"
    },
    "irrigated_land": {
      "text": "214.3 sq km (2003)"
    },
    "total_renewable_water_resources": {
      "text": "12.54 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
      "total": "0.29  cu km/yr (15%/5%/79%)",
      "per_capita": "43.27  cu m/yr (2005)"
    },
    "natural_hazards": {
      "text": "flooding; landslides; drought"
    },
    "environment_current_issues": {
      "text": "soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations"
    },
    "environment_international_agreements": {
      "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands",
      "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea"
    },
    "geography_note": {
      "text": "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "nationality": {
      "noun": "Burundian(s)",
      "adjective": "Burundian"
    },
    "ethnic_groups": {
      "text": "Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000"
    },
    "languages": {
      "text": "Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)"
    },
    "religions": {
      "text": "Christian 82.8% (Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 21.4%), Muslim 2.5%, Adventist 2.3%, other 6.5%, unknown 5.9% (2008 census)"
    },
    "population": {
      "text": "10,888,321 (July 2013 est.)",
      "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
    },
    "age_structure": {
      "0_14_years": "45.6% (male 2,497,999/female 2,469,564)",
      "15_24_years": "19.7% (male 1,071,135/female 1,074,763)",
      "25_54_years": "28.4% (male 1,533,191/female 1,559,661)",
      "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 186,706/female 225,467)",
      "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 108,243/female 161,592) (2013 est.)"
    },
    "dependency_ratios": {
      "total_dependency_ratio": "88.6 %",
      "youth_dependency_ratio": "84 %",
      "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.5 %",
      "potential_support_ratio": "22 (2013)"
    },
    "median_age": {
      "total": "16.9 years",
      "male": "16.6 years",
      "female": "17.2 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "population_growth_rate": {
      "text": "3.08% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "birth_rate": {
      "text": "40.04 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "death_rate": {
      "text": "9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "net_migration_rate": {
      "text": "-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "urbanization": {
      "urban_population": "10.9% of total population (2011)",
      "rate_of_urbanization": "4.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
    },
    "major_urban_areas_population": {
      "text": "BUJUMBURA (capital) 605,000 (2011)"
    },
    "sex_ratio": {
      "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female",
      "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female",
      "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female",
      "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female",
      "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female",
      "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female",
      "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
    },
    "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": {
      "text": "21.3",
      "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "maternal_mortality_rate": {
      "text": "800 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
    },
    "infant_mortality_rate": {
      "total": "58.86 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "male": "63.32 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "female": "54.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
    },
    "life_expectancy_at_birth": {
      "total_population": "59.69 years",
      "male": "57.92 years",
      "female": "61.5 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "total_fertility_rate": {
      "text": "5.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
    },
    "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "21.9% (2010/11)"
    },
    "health_expenditures": {
      "text": "11.6% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "physicians_density": {
      "text": "0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2004)"
    },
    "hospital_bed_density": {
      "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)"
    },
    "drinking_water_source": {
      "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 72% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "sanitation_facility_access": {
      "improved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 46% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 54% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "3.3% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
      "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_deaths": {
      "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "major_infectious_diseases": {
      "degree_of_risk": "very high",
      "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever",
      "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever",
      "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis",
      "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)"
    },
    "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "2.9% (2008)"
    },
    "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
      "text": "35.2% (2005)"
    },
    "education_expenditures": {
      "text": "6.1% of GDP (2011)"
    },
    "literacy": {
      "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
      "total_population": "67.2%",
      "male": "72.9%",
      "female": "61.8% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
      "total": "11 years",
      "male": "12 years",
      "female": "11 years (2010)"
    },
    "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": {
      "total_number": "433,187",
      "percentage": "19 % (2005 est.)"
    }
  },
  "govt": {
    "country_name": {
      "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Burundi",
      "conventional_short_form": "Burundi",
      "local_long_form": "Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi",
      "local_short_form": "Burundi",
      "former": "Urundi"
    },
    "government_type": {
      "text": "republic"
    },
    "capital": {
      "name": "Bujumbura",
      "geographic_coordinates": "3 22 S, 29 21 E",
      "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
    },
    "administrative_divisions": {
      "text": "17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi"
    },
    "independence": {
      "text": "1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)"
    },
    "national_holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)"
    },
    "constitution": {
      "text": "ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005"
    },
    "legal_system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law"
    },
    "international_law_organization_participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "executive_branch": {
      "chief_of_state": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government",
      "head_of_government": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010)",
      "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by president",
      "elections": "the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 June 2010 (next to be held in 2015); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament",
      "election_results": "Pierre NKURUNZIZA elected president by popular vote; Pierre NKURUNZIZA 91.6%, other 8.4%; note - opposition parties withdrew from the election due to alleged government interference in the electoral process"
    },
    "legislative_branch": {
      "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)",
      "elections": "last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015)",
      "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TBD; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, others 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3"
    },
    "judicial_branch": {
      "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into Judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers)",
      "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials); judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate; judge tenure NA",
      "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence"
    },
    "political_parties_and_leaders": {
      "governing_parties": "Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA]",
      "note": "a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]"
    },
    "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
      "text": "Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization); Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)",
      "other": "Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)"
    },
    "international_organization_participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Angele NIYUHIRE",
      "chancery": "Suite 408, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007",
      "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-2574",
      "fax": "[1] (202) 342-2578"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador [vacant]; Charge d'Affaires Samuel R. WATSON",
      "embassy": "Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura",
      "mailing_address": "B. P. 1720, Bujumbura",
      "telephone": "[257] 22-207-000",
      "fax": "[257] 22-222-926"
    },
    "flag_description": {
      "text": "divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress"
    },
    "national_symbols": {
      "text": "lion"
    },
    "national_anthem": {
      "name": "\"Burundi Bwacu\" (Our Beloved Burundi)",
      "lyrics_music": "Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO",
      "note": "adopted 1962"
    }
  },
  "econ": {
    "economy_overview": {
      "text": "Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 30% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Less than 2% of the population has electricity in its homes. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-12. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi''s national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost Burundi's regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever changing rules."
    },
    "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
      "text": "$5.578 billion (2012 est.); $5.363 billion (2011 est.); $5.148 billion (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
      "text": "$2.475 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_real_growth_rate": {
      "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 3.8% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
      "text": "$600 (2012 est.); $600 (2011 est.); $600 (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gross_national_saving": {
      "text": "1.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 0.3% of GDP (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
      "household_consumption": "91.8%",
      "government_consumption": "12.1%",
      "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.8%",
      "investment_in_inventories": "-4.5%",
      "exports_of_goods_and_services": "8%",
      "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.1% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
      "agriculture": "35.2%",
      "industry": "18.6%",
      "services": "46.2% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "agriculture_products": {
      "text": "coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc); beef, milk, hides"
    },
    "industries": {
      "text": "light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap, and beer; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing"
    },
    "industrial_production_growth_rate": {
      "text": "4% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force": {
      "text": "4.245 million (2007)"
    },
    "labor_force_by_occupation": {
      "agriculture": "93.6%",
      "industry": "2.3%",
      "services": "4.1% (2002 est.)"
    },
    "unemployment_rate": {
      "text": "NA%"
    },
    "population_below_poverty_line": {
      "text": "68% (2002 est.)"
    },
    "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
      "lowest_10%": "4.1%",
      "highest_10%": "28% (2006)"
    },
    "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": {
      "text": "42.4 (1998)"
    },
    "budget": {
      "revenues": "$767.6 million",
      "expenditures": "$865.8 million (2012 est.)"
    },
    "taxes_and_other_revenues": {
      "text": "31% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
      "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "public_debt": {
      "text": "50.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 55.7% of GDP (2011 est.)"
    },
    "fiscal_year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
      "text": "18% (2012 est.); 9.7% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "central_bank_discount_rate": {
      "text": "11.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 10% (31 December 2009 est.)"
    },
    "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
      "text": "14.32% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.23% (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_narrow_money": {
      "text": "$332.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $335.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_broad_money": {
      "text": "$519 million (31 December 2012 est.); $465.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_domestic_credit": {
      "text": "$572.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $576.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "current_account_balance": {
      "text": "-$337.4 million (2012 est.); -$253.4 million (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports": {
      "text": "$127.1 million (2012 est.); $124 million (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports_commodities": {
      "text": "coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides"
    },
    "exports_partners": {
      "text": "Germany 14.8%, Pakistan 9.1%, China 8.7%, Austria 7.5%, Sweden 7.2%, Belgium 5.1%, France 4.7%, Rwanda 4.4%, US 4.1% (2012)"
    },
    "imports": {
      "text": "$810 million (2012 est.); $771.7 million (2011 est.)"
    },
    "imports_commodities": {
      "text": "capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs"
    },
    "imports_partners": {
      "text": "Saudi Arabia 16.3%, China 7.9%, Uganda 7.7%, Belgium 7%, Kenya 6.7%, Zambia 6.6%, India 5.5%, Singapore 5.1% (2012)"
    },
    "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": {
      "text": "$308.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $295.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "debt_external": {
      "text": "$639.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $627.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "exchange_rates": {
      "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar -; 1,442.51 (2012 est.); 1,261.07 (2011 est.); 1,230.8 (2010 est.); 1,230.18 (2009); 1,198 (2008)"
    }
  },
  "energy": {
    "electricity_production": {
      "text": "127 million kWh (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_consumption": {
      "text": "198.1 million kWh (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_imports": {
      "text": "80 million kWh (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
      "text": "52,000 kW (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
      "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
      "text": "98.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
      "text": "2,290 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
      "text": "1,334 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
      "text": "527,800 Mt (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "comm": {
    "telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
      "text": "30,000 (2011)"
    },
    "telephones_mobile_cellular": {
      "text": "1.915 million (2011)"
    },
    "telephone_system": {
      "general_assessment": "sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays",
      "domestic": "telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons",
      "international": "country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)"
    },
    "broadcast_media": {
      "text": "state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)"
    },
    "internet_country_code": {
      "text": ".bi"
    },
    "internet_hosts": {
      "text": "229 (2012)"
    },
    "internet_users": {
      "text": "157,800 (2009)"
    }
  },
  "trans": {
    "airports": {
      "text": "7 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_paved_runways": {
      "total": "1",
      "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_unpaved_runways": {
      "total": "6",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "4",
      "under_914_m": "2 (2013)"
    },
    "heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2012)"
    },
    "roadways": {
      "total": "12,322 km",
      "paved": "1,286 km",
      "unpaved": "11,036 km (2004)"
    },
    "waterways": {
      "text": "(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) (2011)"
    },
    "ports_and_terminals": {
      "lake_ports": "Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)"
    }
  },
  "military": {
    "military_branches": {
      "text": "National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2013)"
    },
    "military_service_age_and_obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2012)"
    },
    "manpower_available_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "2,182,327",
      "females_age_16_49": "2,202,125 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "1,398,769",
      "females_age_16_49": "1,481,417 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
      "male": "117,956",
      "female": "116,956 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "military_expenditures": {
      "text": "5.9% of GDP (2006 est.)"
    }
  },
  "issues": {
    "disputes_international": {
      "text": "Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region"
    },
    "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": {
      "refugees_country_of_origin": "41,349 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)",
      "idps": "78,800 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2012)",
      "stateless_persons": "1,302 (2012)"
    },
    "trafficking_in_persons": {
      "current_situation": "Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; business people recruit Burundian girls for prostitution domestically, as well as in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and the Middle East, and recruit boys and girls for forced labor in Burundi and Tanzania; children and young adults are coerced into forced labor in farming, mining, construction, or informal commerce; some family members, friends, and neighbors are complicit in exploiting children, luring them in with offers of educational or job opportunities",
      "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Burundi does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government fails to prosecute trafficking offenses vigorously or increase its capacity to protect victims; most victim assistance continues to be provided by NGOs without government support; the government also fails to complete its draft anti-trafficking legislation, which is intended to rectify gaps in existing laws; a nationwide awareness-raising campaign continues (2013)"
    }
  }
}