factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage. Since then, the economy has slowly rebounded."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "15 00 N, 86 30 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "112,090 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "111,890 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "200 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,575 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Guatemala 244 km; El Salvador 391 km; Nicaragua 940 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "823 km (Caribbean Sea 669 km, Gulf of Fonseca 163 km)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "natural extension of territory or to 200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "684 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "45.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "900 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "Salt water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Laguna de Caratasca - 1,110 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most residents live in the mountainous western half of the country; unlike other Central American nations, Honduras is the only one with an urban population that is distributed between two large centers - the capital of Tegucigalpa and the city of San Pedro Sula; the Rio Ulua valley in the north is the only densely populated lowland area"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "9,346,277 (July 2021 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Honduran(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Honduran"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, African descent 2%, White 1%"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "Languages": {
        "text": "Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects"
      },
      "major-language sample(s)": {
        "text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
      }
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 46%, Protestant 41%, atheist 1%, other 2%, none 9% (2014 est.)"
    },
    "Demographic profile": {
      "text": "<p>Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America and has one of the world's highest murder rates. More than half of the population lives in poverty and per capita income is one of the lowest in the region. Poverty rates are higher among rural and indigenous people and in the south, west, and along the eastern border than in the north and central areas where most of Honduras' industries and infrastructure are concentrated. The increased productivity needed to break Honduras' persistent high poverty rate depends, in part, on further improvements in educational attainment. Although primary-school enrollment is near 100%, educational quality is poor, the drop-out rate and grade repetition remain high, and teacher and school accountability is low.</p> <p>Honduras' population growth rate has slowed since the 1990s and is now 1.2% annually with a birth rate that averages 2.1 children per woman and more among rural, indigenous, and poor women. Honduras' young adult population - ages 15 to 29 - is projected to continue growing rapidly for the next three decades and then stabilize or slowly shrink. Population growth and limited job prospects outside of agriculture will continue to drive emigration. Remittances represent about a fifth of GDP.</p>"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "30.2% (male 1,411,537/female 1,377,319)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "21.03% (male 969,302/female 972,843)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "37.79% (male 1,657,260/female 1,832,780)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "5.58% (male 233,735/female 281,525)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "5.4% (male 221,779/female 277,260) (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "55.2"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "47.5"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "7.7"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "13 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24.4 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "23.5 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "25.2 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.22% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "17.92 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "4.68 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-1.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most residents live in the mountainous western half of the country; unlike other Central American nations, Honduras is the only one with an urban population that is distributed between two large centers - the capital of Tegucigalpa and the city of San Pedro Sula; the Rio Ulua valley in the north is the only densely populated lowland area"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "59.6% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "1.527 million TEGUCIGALPA (capital), 956,000 San Pedro Sula (2022)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "0.9 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.83 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.8 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "20.3 years (2011/12 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age a first birth among women 25-49"
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "65 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15.39 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17.52 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "13.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "74.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "71.34 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "78.58 years (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.05 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "73.2% (2011/12)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 90.7% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 96.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 9.3% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 3.9% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current Health Expenditure": {
      "text": "7.3% (2019)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.31 physicians/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.6 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 96.7% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 87.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 93% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 3.3% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 12.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 7% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "22,000 (2020 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "<1000 (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high (2020)"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and malaria"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "21.4% (2016)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "7.1% (2011/12)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "4.9% of GDP (2019)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "88.5%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "88.2%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "88.7% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "10 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "11 years (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11.1%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "27.7% (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "20.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "9.81 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "7.72 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "28.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "45.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "25.9% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "59.6% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "forest revenues": {
        "text": "0.91% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "coal revenues": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "high (2020)"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and malaria"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "2,162,028 tons (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major lakes (area sq km)": {
      "Salt water lake(s)": {
        "text": "Laguna de Caratasca - 1,110 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "315 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "114 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "1.178 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "92.164 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Republic of Honduras"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Honduras"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Republica de Honduras"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Honduras"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the name means \"depths\" in Spanish and refers to the deep anchorage in the northern Bay of Trujillo"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Tegucigalpa; note - article eight of the Honduran constitution states that the twin cities of Tegucigalpa and Comayaguela, jointly, constitute the capital of the Republic of Honduras; however, virtually all governmental institutions are on the Tegucigalpa side, which in practical terms makes Tegucigalpa the capital"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "14 06 N, 87 13 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "while most sources agree that Tegucigalpa is of Nahuatl derivation, there is no consensus on its original meaning"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous; latest approved 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the National Congress with at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Congress in its next annual session; constitutional articles, such as the form of government, national sovereignty, the presidential term, and the procedure for amending the constitution, cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2021"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "1 to 3 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; CASTRO is Honduras' first female president"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "President Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by president"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term; election last held on 28 November 2021 (next to be held in 30 November 2025); note - in 2015, the Constitutional Chamber of the Honduran Supreme Court struck down the constitutional provisions on presidential term limits"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<br><em>2021: </em>Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya elected president; percent of vote - Iris Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (LIBRE) 51.1%, Nasry Juan ASFURA Zablah (PNH) 36.9%, Yani Benjamin ROSENTHAL Hidalgo (PL) 10%, other 2%<em><br><br>2017:</em> Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 43%, Salvador NASRALLA (Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura) 41.4%, Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano (PL) 14.7%, other 0.9%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members directly elected in 18 multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 28 November 2021 (next to be held on 30 November 2025)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - LIBRE 39.8%, PNH 31.3%, PL 16.4%, PSH 10.9%, DC 0.8%, PAC 0.8%; seats by bloc or party - LIBRE 51, PNH 40, PL 21, PSH 14, DC 1, PAC 1"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest courts": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15 principal judges, including the court president, and 7 alternates; court organized into civil, criminal, constitutional, and labor chambers); note - the court has both judicial and constitutional jurisdiction"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "court president elected by his peers; judges elected by the National Congress from candidates proposed by the Nominating Board, a diverse 7-member group of judicial officials and other government and non-government officials nominated by each of their organizations; judges elected by Congress for renewable, 7-year terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Julio LOPEZ] <br>Christian Democratic Party or DC [Carlos PORTILLO] <br>Democratic Liberation of Honduras or Liderh [Lempira VIANA]<br>Democratic Unification Party or UD [Alfonso DIAZ] <br>The Front or El Frente [Kelin PEREZ]<br>Honduran Patriotic Alliance or AP [Romeo VASQUEZ Velasquez] <br>Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Guillermo VALLE]<br>Liberal Party or PL [Yani Benjamin ROSENTHAL Hidalgo] <br>Liberty and Refoundation Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]<br>National Party of Honduras or PNH [Juan Nasry ASFURA] <br>New Route or NR [Esdras Amado LOPEZ] <br>Opposition Alliance against the Dictatorship or Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura [Salvador NASRALLA] (electoral coalition)<br>Savior Party of Honduras or PSH [Salvador Alejandro Cesar NASRALLA Salum]<br>Vamos or Let’s Go [Jose COTO]<br>We Are All Hondurans (Todos Somos Honduras) or TSH [Marlon Oniel ESCOTO Valerio]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO (suspended), WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Luis Fernando SUAZO BARAHONA (since 17 September 2020)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1220 19th Street NW, Suite #320, Washington, DC 20036"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 966-7702"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 966-9751"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>https://hondurasembusa.org/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco"
      },
      "consulate(s)": {
        "text": "Dallas, McAllen (TX)"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Colleen A. HOEY (since August 2019)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Avenida La Paz, Tegucigalpa M.D.C."
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3480 Tegucigalpa Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-3480"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[504] 2236-9320,"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[504] 2236-9037"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>usahonduras@state.gov<br><br>https://hn.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three equal horizontal bands of cerulean blue (top), white, and cerulean blue, with five cerulean, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water and the peace and prosperity of its people",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "scarlet macaw, white-tailed deer; national colors: blue, white"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Himno Nacional de Honduras\" (National Anthem of Honduras)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Augusto Constancio COELLO/Carlos HARTLING"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1915; the anthem's seven verses chronicle Honduran history; on official occasions, only the chorus and last verse are sung"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "2 (1 cultural, 1 natural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Maya Site of Copan (c), Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve (n)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "<p>Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing.</p><p></p><p>Honduras’s economy depends heavily on US trade and remittances. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 15% of foreign direct investment is from US firms.</p><p></p><p>The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.1%-4.0% from 2010 to 2017, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. In 2017, Honduras faced rising public debt, but its economy has performed better than expected due to low oil prices and improved investor confidence. Honduras signed a three-year standby arrangement with the IMF in December 2014, aimed at easing Honduras’s poor fiscal position.</p>"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
        "text": "$50.89 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$55.91 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
        "text": "$54.46 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
        "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
        "text": "3.8% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
        "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
        "text": "$5,100 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$5,700 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2018": {
        "text": "$5,700 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$25.145 billion (2019 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
        "text": "4.3% (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
        "text": "4.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "B1 (2017)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "BB- (2017)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "57% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "77.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "23.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "43.6% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-58.9% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugarcane, oil palm fruit, milk, bananas, maize, coffee, melons, oranges, poultry, beans"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "sugar processing, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "3.735 million (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "39.2%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "20.9%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "39.8% (2005 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2017": {
        "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2016": {
        "text": "6.3% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> about one-third of the people are underemployed"
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17.8%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11.1%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "27.7% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "48.3% (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
        "text": "52.1 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": {
        "text": "45.7 (2009)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "1.2%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "38.4% (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "4.658 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "5.283 billion (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2017": {
        "text": "-$380 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2016": {
        "text": "-$587 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$7.16 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2018": {
        "text": "$7.14 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 53%, El Salvador 8%, Guatemala 5%, Nicaragua 5% (2019)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "clothing and apparel, coffee, insulated wiring, bananas, palm oil (2019)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$11.5 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2018": {
        "text": "$11.78 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 42%, China 10%, Guatemala 8%, El Salvador 8%, Mexico 6% (2019)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, clothing and apparel, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, insulated wiring (2019)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$4.708 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$3.814 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 2019": {
        "text": "$9.137 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 2018": {
        "text": "$8.722 billion (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "currency": {
        "text": "lempiras (HNL) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "23.74 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2016": {
        "text": "22.995 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2015": {
        "text": "22.995 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2014": {
        "text": "22.098 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2013": {
        "text": "21.137 (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "81% (2019)"
      },
      "electrification - urban areas": {
        "text": "91% (2019)"
      },
      "electrification - rural areas": {
        "text": "68% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "8.501 billion kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "7.22 billion kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "536 million kWh (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "195 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "2.546 million kW (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "40% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "25% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "34% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "59,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "12,870 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "56,120 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "531,763 (2020)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "5.37 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "6,960,654 (2020)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "70.28 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "<p style=\"background: white; margin: 0in 0in 6.4pt 0in;\">among the poorest countries in Central America, Honduras has a neglected telecom sector complicated by political stalemate and geographic challenges; mobile subscribership is growing; DSL and cable Internet available in urban areas but expensive; government proposed ICT master plan to boost e-government and business, including free Internet to households; US based network ready to deploy 5G <br></p> (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed lines in order to expand telephone coverage contributing to a fixed-line teledensity of slightly over 5 per 100; mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 70 per 100 persons (2020)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 504; landing points for both the ARCOS and the MAYA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable systems that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2019)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately owned radio stations"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".hn"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.81 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "31.7% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "396,454 (2020)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "4 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "4 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "26"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "251,149 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "450,000 mt-km (2018)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "HR"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "total": {
        "text": "103 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "3 (2017)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "90"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "16"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "73 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "699 km (2014)"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "164 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)"
      },
      "note": "115 km 1.057-m gauge<br>420 km 0.914-m gauge"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "14,742 km (2012)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "3,367 km (2012)"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "11,375 km (1,543 km summer only) (2012)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> an additional 8,951 km of non-official roads used by the coffee industry"
    },
    "Waterways": {
      "text": "465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2012)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "505"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 1, general cargo 244, oil tanker 82, other 178 (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army (Ejercito), Honduran Naval Force (FNH; includes marines), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH), Honduran Public Order Military Police (PMOP); Security Secretariat: Public Security Forces (includes Honduran National Police paramilitary units) (2021)<br><br>note - the PMOP was created in 2013 as part of an effort by the Honduran Government to expand the military’s role in law enforcement alongside the Honduran National Police (HNP), particularly against narcotics trafficking and organized crime; since its creation, the PMOP’s role in internal security has expanded; it was used against election protesters in 2017, for example, and it has been accused of human rights violations; as of 2021, the PMOP was composed of 8 battalions of military personnel (approximately 5,000 troops) who have undergone some police training; it reported to military authorities but conducts operations sanctioned by both civilian security officials and military leaders",
      "note": "note - the PMOP was created in 2013 as part of an effort by the Honduran Government to expand the military&rsquo;s role in law enforcement alongside the Honduran National Police (HNP), particularly against narcotics trafficking and organized crime; since its creation, the PMOP&rsquo;s role in internal security has expanded; it was used against election protesters in 2017, for example, and it has been accused of human rights violations; as of 2021, the PMOP was composed of 8 battalions of military personnel (approximately 5,000 troops) who have undergone some police training; it reported to military authorities but conducts operations sanctioned by both civilian security officials and military leaders"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2018": {
        "text": "1.6% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2017": {
        "text": "1.7% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2016": {
        "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "the Honduran Armed Forces (FFAA) have approximately 16,000 active personnel (7,500 Army; 1,500 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 2,000 Air Force; 5,000 Public Order Military Police); approximately 18,000 National Police (2021)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; since 2010, Honduras has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Israel, Netherlands, Taiwan, and the US (2021)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)",
      "note": "note - as of 2017, women made up over 4% of the active duty military"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the armed forces, including the PMOP, are subordinate to the Secretariat of Defense, while the HNP reports to the Secretariat of Security; the National Interinstitutional Security Force is an interagency command that coordinates the overlapping responsibilities of the HNP, PMOP, National Intelligence Directorate, and Public Ministry (public prosecutor), but exercises coordination, command, and control responsibilities only during interagency operations involving those forces; as of 2021, civilian authorities at times reportedly did not maintain effective control over security forces"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of \"bolsones\" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum</p>"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "247,000 (violence, extortion, threats, forced recruitment by urban gangs between 2004 and 2018) (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>transshipment point for cocaine destined for the United States and precursor chemicals used to produce illicit drugs; some experimental coca cultivation</p>"
    }
  }
}