factbook.json/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json

{
  "intro": {
    "background": {
      "text": "The Taino - indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of the Europeans - divided the island into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821 but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the United States led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in an election to become president. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. Former President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (first term 1996-2000) won election to a new term in 2004 following a constitutional amendment allowing presidents to serve more than one term, and was since reelected to a second consecutive term."
    }
  },
  "geo": {
    "location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti"
    },
    "geographic_coordinates": {
      "text": "19 00 N, 70 40 W"
    },
    "map_references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "area": {
      "total": "48,670 sq km",
      "land": "48,320 sq km",
      "water": "350 sq km"
    },
    "area_comparative": {
      "text": "slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire"
    },
    "land_boundaries": {
      "total": "360 km",
      "border_countries": "Haiti 360 km"
    },
    "coastline": {
      "text": "1,288 km"
    },
    "maritime_claims": {
      "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines",
      "territorial_sea": "12 nm",
      "contiguous_zone": "24 nm",
      "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm",
      "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin"
    },
    "climate": {
      "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall"
    },
    "terrain": {
      "text": "rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed"
    },
    "elevation_extremes": {
      "lowest_point": "Lago Enriquillo -46 m",
      "highest_point": "Pico Duarte 3,175 m"
    },
    "natural_resources": {
      "text": "nickel, bauxite, gold, silver"
    },
    "land_use": {
      "arable_land": "16.44%",
      "permanent_crops": "9.25%",
      "other": "74.32% (2011)"
    },
    "irrigated_land": {
      "text": "3,065 sq km (2009)"
    },
    "total_renewable_water_resources": {
      "text": "21 cu km (2011)"
    },
    "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": {
      "total": "5.47  cu km/yr (26%/1%/72%)",
      "per_capita": "574.2  cu m/yr (2005)"
    },
    "natural_hazards": {
      "text": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts"
    },
    "environment_current_issues": {
      "text": "water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation"
    },
    "environment_international_agreements": {
      "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands",
      "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea"
    },
    "geography_note": {
      "text": "shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "nationality": {
      "noun": "Dominican(s)",
      "adjective": "Dominican"
    },
    "ethnic_groups": {
      "text": "mixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%"
    },
    "languages": {
      "text": "Spanish (official)"
    },
    "religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%"
    },
    "population": {
      "text": "10,219,630 (July 2013 est.)"
    },
    "age_structure": {
      "0_14_years": "28.5% (male 1,480,700/female 1,429,848)",
      "15_24_years": "18.5% (male 966,822/female 928,758)",
      "25_54_years": "39.1% (male 2,043,498/female 1,951,187)",
      "55_64_years": "7% (male 360,897/female 356,169)",
      "65_years_and_over": "6.9% (male 323,995/female 377,756) (2013 est.)"
    },
    "dependency_ratios": {
      "total_dependency_ratio": "57.5 %",
      "youth_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %",
      "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.9 %",
      "potential_support_ratio": "10.1 (2013)"
    },
    "median_age": {
      "total": "26.8 years",
      "male": "26.6 years",
      "female": "26.9 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "population_growth_rate": {
      "text": "1.28% (2013 est.)"
    },
    "birth_rate": {
      "text": "19.21 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "death_rate": {
      "text": "4.46 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "net_migration_rate": {
      "text": "-1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
    },
    "urbanization": {
      "urban_population": "69% of total population (2010)",
      "rate_of_urbanization": "2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
    },
    "major_urban_areas_population": {
      "text": "SANTO DOMINGO (capital) 2.191 million (2011)"
    },
    "sex_ratio": {
      "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female",
      "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female",
      "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female",
      "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female",
      "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female",
      "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female",
      "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
    },
    "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": {
      "text": "20.3 (2007 est.)"
    },
    "maternal_mortality_rate": {
      "text": "150 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
    },
    "infant_mortality_rate": {
      "total": "20.44 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "male": "22.39 deaths/1,000 live births",
      "female": "18.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
    },
    "life_expectancy_at_birth": {
      "total_population": "77.62 years",
      "male": "75.44 years",
      "female": "79.88 years (2013 est.)"
    },
    "total_fertility_rate": {
      "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
    },
    "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "72.9% (2007)"
    },
    "health_expenditures": {
      "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)"
    },
    "hospital_bed_density": {
      "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)"
    },
    "drinking_water_source": {
      "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 86% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 14% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "sanitation_facility_access": {
      "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 75% of population; total: 83% of population",
      "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 25% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
      "text": "57,000 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "hiv_aids_deaths": {
      "text": "2,300 (2009 est.)"
    },
    "major_infectious_diseases": {
      "degree_of_risk": "high",
      "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever",
      "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)"
    },
    "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
      "text": "21.2% (2008)"
    },
    "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
      "text": "3.4% (2007)"
    },
    "education_expenditures": {
      "text": "2.2% of GDP (2007)"
    },
    "literacy": {
      "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
      "total_population": "90.1%",
      "male": "90%",
      "female": "90.2% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
      "total": "12 years",
      "male": "12 years",
      "female": "13 years (2004)"
    },
    "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": {
      "total_number": "180,423",
      "percentage": "10 % (2000 est.)"
    },
    "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": {
      "total": "30.3%",
      "male": "21.2%",
      "female": "44.5% (2007)"
    }
  },
  "govt": {
    "country_name": {
      "conventional_long_form": "Dominican Republic",
      "conventional_short_form": "The Dominican",
      "local_long_form": "Republica Dominicana",
      "local_short_form": "La Dominicana"
    },
    "government_type": {
      "text": "democratic republic"
    },
    "capital": {
      "name": "Santo Domingo",
      "geographic_coordinates": "18 28 N, 69 54 W",
      "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
    },
    "administrative_divisions": {
      "text": "31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Bahoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, El Seibo, Elias Pina, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, San Cristobal, San Jose de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Sanchez Ramirez, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde"
    },
    "independence": {
      "text": "27 February 1844 (from Haiti)"
    },
    "national_holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 27 February (1844)"
    },
    "constitution": {
      "text": "28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002 and January 2010"
    },
    "legal_system": {
      "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system"
    },
    "international_law_organization_participation": {
      "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote by law"
    },
    "executive_branch": {
      "chief_of_state": "President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government",
      "head_of_government": "President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012)",
      "cabinet": "Cabinet nominated by the president",
      "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held on 20 May 2012 (next to be held in 2016)",
      "election_results": "Danilo MEDINA Sanchez elected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez 51.2%, Hipolito MEJIA 47%, other 1.8%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ elected vice president"
    },
    "legislative_branch": {
      "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (32 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (183 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)",
      "elections": "Senate - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); in order to synchronize presidential, legislative, and local elections for 2016, those members elected in 2010 will actually serve six-year terms",
      "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 31, PRSC 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 105, PRD 75, PRSC 3"
    },
    "judicial_branch": {
      "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment",
      "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7- year terms;  Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms",
      "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government"
    },
    "political_parties_and_leaders": {
      "text": "Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]; National Progressive Front [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Carlos MORALES Troncoso]"
    },
    "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
      "text": "Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania); Collective of Popular Organizations or COP; Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS"
    },
    "international_organization_participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Anibal de Jesus de CASTRO Rodriguez",
      "chancery": "1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008",
      "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-6280",
      "fax": "[1] (202) 265-8057",
      "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Glendale (CA), Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)"
    },
    "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
      "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Raul H. YZAGUIRRE",
      "embassy": "corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo",
      "mailing_address": "Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500",
      "telephone": "[1] (809) 221-2171",
      "fax": "[1] (809) 686-7437"
    },
    "flag_description": {
      "text": "a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by a laurel branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon; in the shield a bible is opened to a verse that reads \"Y la verdad nos hara libre\" (And the truth shall set you free); blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes"
    },
    "national_symbols": {
      "text": "palmchat (bird)"
    },
    "national_anthem": {
      "name": "\"Himno Nacional\" (National Anthem)",
      "lyrics_music": "Emilio PRUD\"HOMME/Jose REYES",
      "note": "adopted 1934; also known as \"Quisqueyanos valientes\" (Valient Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem never refers to the people as Dominican but rather calls them \"Quisqueyanos,\" a reference to the indigenous name of the island"
    }
  },
  "econ": {
    "economy_overview": {
      "text": "The Dominican Republic has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in telecommunications, tourism, and free trade zones. The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for more than half of exports. Remittances from the US amount to about one-tenth of GDP, equivalent to almost half of exports and three-quarters of tourism receipts. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP. High unemployment and underemployment remains an important long-term challenge. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and exports and reducing losses to the Asian garment industry. The growth of the Dominican Republic's economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-12 and remains one of the fastest growing in the region although its fiscal situation is weak; the fiscal deficit climbed from 2.6% in 2011 to approximately 8% in 2012. A tax reform package passed in November 2012 aims to narrow this deficit."
    },
    "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
      "text": "$100.4 billion (2012 est.); $96.61 billion (2011 est.); $92.47 billion (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
      "text": "$59 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_real_growth_rate": {
      "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); 7.8% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
      "text": "$9,800 (2012 est.); $9,600 (2011 est.); $9,400 (2010 est.)",
      "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_end_use": {
      "household_consumption": "84.7%",
      "government_consumption": "7.9%",
      "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.4%",
      "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%",
      "exports_of_goods_and_services": "25.3%",
      "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.3% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
      "agriculture": "5.8%",
      "industry": "29.4%",
      "services": "64.7% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "agriculture_products": {
      "text": "sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs"
    },
    "industries": {
      "text": "tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco"
    },
    "industrial_production_growth_rate": {
      "text": "1.4% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force": {
      "text": "4.806 million (2012 est.)"
    },
    "labor_force_by_occupation": {
      "agriculture": "14.6%",
      "industry": "22.3%",
      "services": "63.1% (2005)"
    },
    "unemployment_rate": {
      "text": "14.7% (2012 est.); 14.6% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "population_below_poverty_line": {
      "text": "34.4% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
      "lowest_10%": "1.8%",
      "highest_10%": "36.4% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": {
      "text": "47.2 (2010 est.); 52 (2000 est.)"
    },
    "budget": {
      "revenues": "$8.224 billion",
      "expenditures": "$12.07 billion (2012 est.)"
    },
    "taxes_and_other_revenues": {
      "text": "13.9% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
      "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2012 est.)"
    },
    "public_debt": {
      "text": "42% of GDP (2012 est.); 38.5% of GDP (2011 est.)"
    },
    "fiscal_year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
      "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
      "text": "15.48% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.55% (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_narrow_money": {
      "text": "$4.738 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.489 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_broad_money": {
      "text": "$17.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.38 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_domestic_credit": {
      "text": "$23.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {
      "text": "$NA"
    },
    "current_account_balance": {
      "text": "-$4.254 billion (2012 est.); -$4.521 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports": {
      "text": "$9.079 billion (2012 est.); $8.612 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "exports_commodities": {
      "text": "ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods"
    },
    "exports_partners": {
      "text": "US 46.1%, Haiti 17.4%, China 4.2% (2012)"
    },
    "imports": {
      "text": "$17.76 billion (2012 est.); $17.44 billion (2011 est.)"
    },
    "imports_commodities": {
      "text": "foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals"
    },
    "imports_partners": {
      "text": "US 42.5%, Venezuela 7.4%, China 6.2%, Mexico 5.2%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)"
    },
    "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": {
      "text": "$3.579 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.117 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "debt_external": {
      "text": "$16.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.39 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": {
      "text": "$24.89 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": {
      "text": "$59 million (31 December 2012 est.); $59 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
    },
    "exchange_rates": {
      "text": "Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar -; 39.336 (2012 est.); 38.232 (2011 est.); 37.307 (2010 est.); 36.03 (2009); 34.775 (2008)"
    }
  },
  "energy": {
    "electricity_production": {
      "text": "12.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_consumption": {
      "text": "9.881 billion kWh (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
      "text": "2.973 million kW (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
      "text": "83% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
      "text": "16.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
      "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_imports": {
      "text": "26,150 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
    },
    "crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_production": {
      "text": "33,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
      "text": "122,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
      "text": "88,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_consumption": {
      "text": "820 million cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_imports": {
      "text": "820 million cu m (2010 est.)"
    },
    "natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
    },
    "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
      "text": "19.6 million Mt (2010 est.)"
    }
  },
  "comm": {
    "telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
      "text": "1.044 million (2011)"
    },
    "telephones_mobile_cellular": {
      "text": "8.77 million (2011)"
    },
    "telephone_system": {
      "general_assessment": "relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network",
      "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 90 per 100 persons",
      "international": "country code - 1-809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)"
    },
    "broadcast_media": {
      "text": "combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2007)"
    },
    "internet_country_code": {
      "text": ".do"
    },
    "internet_hosts": {
      "text": "404,500 (2012)"
    },
    "internet_users": {
      "text": "2.701 million (2009)"
    }
  },
  "trans": {
    "airports": {
      "text": "36 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_paved_runways": {
      "total": "16",
      "over_3_047_m": "3",
      "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4",
      "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "4",
      "under_914_m": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "airports_with_unpaved_runways": {
      "total": "20",
      "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1",
      "914_to_1_523_m": "1",
      "under_914_m": "18 (2013)"
    },
    "heliports": {
      "text": "1 (2013)"
    },
    "pipelines": {
      "text": "gas 27 km; oil 103 km (2013)"
    },
    "railways": {
      "total": "142 km",
      "standard_gauge": "142 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)"
    },
    "roadways": {
      "total": "19,705 km",
      "paved": "9,872 km",
      "unpaved": "9,833 km (2002)"
    },
    "ports_and_terminals": {
      "major_seaports": "Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo",
      "oil_gas_terminals": "Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica), Punta Nizao oil terminal"
    }
  },
  "military": {
    "military_branches": {
      "text": "Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2013)"
    },
    "military_service_age_and_obligation": {
      "text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2012)"
    },
    "manpower_available_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "2,580,083",
      "females_age_16_49": "2,464,698 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
      "males_age_16_49": "2,188,358",
      "females_age_16_49": "2,090,180 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
      "male": "100,047",
      "female": "96,302 (2010 est.)"
    },
    "military_expenditures": {
      "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012)"
    }
  },
  "issues": {
    "disputes_international": {
      "text": "Haitian migrants cross the porous border into the Dominican Republic to find work; illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Rico to find better work"
    },
    "illicit_drugs": {
      "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money laundering activity in particular by Colombian narcotics traffickers; significant amphetamine consumption\r\n (2008)"
    }
  }
}