factbook.json/africa/uv.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "<p>Many of Burkina Faso’s ethnic groups arrived in the region between the 12th and 15th centuries. The Gurma and Mossi peoples established several of the largest kingdoms in the area and used horse-mounted warriors in military campaigns. Of the various Mossi kingdoms, the most powerful were Ouagadougou and Yatenga. In the late 19th century, European states competed for control of the region. France eventually conquered the area and established it as a French protectorate.</p> <br>The area achieved independence from France in 1960 and changed its name to Burkina Faso in 1984. Repeated military coups were common in the country’s first few decades. The last successful coup occurred in 1987 when Blaise COMPAORE deposed the former president, established a government, and ruled for 27 years. In October 2014, COMPAORE resigned following protests against his repeated efforts to amend the constitution's two-term presidential limit. An interim administration led a year-long transition period organizing presidential and legislative elections. In November 2015, Roch Marc Christian KABORE was elected president; he was reelected in November 2020.<br><br>Terrorist groups - including groups affiliated with Al-Qa’ida and the Islamic State - began attacks in the country in 2016 and conducted attacks in the capital in 2016, 2017, and 2018. By late 2021, insecurity in Burkina Faso had displaced 1.4 million people and led to significant jumps in humanitarian needs and food insecurity. In addition to terrorism, the country faces a myriad of problems including high population growth, recurring drought, pervasive and perennial food insecurity, and limited natural resources. It is one of the world’s poorest countries.<br> <p> </p>"
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Western Africa, north of Ghana"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "13 00 N, 2 00 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "274,200 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "273,800 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "400 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly larger than Colorado"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3,611 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Benin 386 km, Cote d'Ivoire 545 km, Ghana 602 km, Mali 1325 km, Niger 622 km, Togo 131 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "<p>three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert</p>"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "Mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in the west and southeast.  Occupies an extensive plateau with savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. (2019)"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Tena Kourou 749 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "297 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, salt"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "44.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 22% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 37% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 21.93% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "36.5% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "550 sq km (2016)"
    },
    "Major rivers (by length in km)": {
      "text": "Volta river source (shared with Ghana [m]) - 1,600 km<br><strong>note</strong> – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth"
    },
    "Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
      "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": " <p>Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map</p>  (2019)"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "recurring droughts"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "21,382,659 (July 2021 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Burkinabe (singular and plural)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Burkinabe"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Mossi 52%, Fulani 8.4%, Gurma 7%, Bobo 4.9%, Gurunsi 4.6%, Senufo 4.5%, Bissa 3.7%, Lobi 2.4%, Dagara 2.4%, Tuareg/Bella 1.9%, Dioula 0.8%, unspecified/no answer 0.3%, other 7.2% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Muslim 63.2%, Roman Catholic 24.6%, Protestant 6.9%, traditional/animist 4.2%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2017-18 est.)"
    },
    "Demographic profile": {
      "text": "<p>Burkina Faso has a young age structure – the result of declining mortality combined with steady high fertility – and continues to experience rapid population growth, which is putting increasing pressure on the country’s limited arable land. More than 65% of the population is under the age of 25, and the population is growing at 3% annually. Mortality rates, especially those of infants and children, have decreased because of improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation, but women continue to have an average of almost 6 children. Even if fertility were substantially reduced, today’s large cohort entering their reproductive years would sustain high population growth for the foreseeable future. Only about a third of the population is literate and unemployment is widespread, dampening the economic prospects of Burkina Faso’s large working-age population.</p> <p>Migration has traditionally been a way of life for Burkinabe, with seasonal migration being replaced by stints of up to two years abroad. Cote d’Ivoire remains the top destination, although it has experienced periods of internal conflict. Under French colonization, Burkina Faso became a main labor source for agricultural and factory work in Cote d’Ivoire. Burkinabe also migrated to Ghana, Mali, and Senegal for work between the world wars. Burkina Faso attracts migrants from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mali, who often share common ethnic backgrounds with the Burkinabe. Despite its food shortages and high poverty rate, Burkina Faso has become a destination for refugees in recent years and hosts about 33,500 Malians as of May 2017.</p> (2018)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "43.58% (male 4,606,350/female 4,473,951)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "20.33% (male 2,121,012/female 2,114,213)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "29.36% (male 2,850,621/female 3,265,926)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "3.57% (male 321,417/female 423,016)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "3.16% (male 284,838/female 374,057) (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "87.9"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "83.4"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "4.5"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "22.1 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17.9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "18.7 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "2.58% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "34.34 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7.92 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": " <p>Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map</p>  (2019)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "31.2% of total population (2021)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "2.915 million OUAGADOUGOU (capital), 1.020 million Bobo-Dioulasso (2021)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "0.87 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "0.76 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.76 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "19.4 years (2010 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "320 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "50.71 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "55.05 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "46.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "63.06 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "61.28 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "64.89 years (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "4.39 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "30.1% (2020)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 94.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 67.9% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 75.6% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 4.5% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 32.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 24.4% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current Health Expenditure": {
      "text": "5.6% (2018)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 88.2% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 30.2% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 46.9% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 11.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 69.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 53.1% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "0.7% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "97,000 (2020 est.)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "3,300 (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "very high (2020)"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and&nbsp;malaria"
      },
      "water contact diseases": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis"
      },
      "animal contact diseases": {
        "text": "rabies"
      },
      "respiratory diseases": {
        "text": "meningococcal meningitis"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "5.6% (2016)"
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "16.4% (2019)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "5.8% of GDP (2019)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "39.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "49.2%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "31% (2018)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "9 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9 years (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8.6%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "8.9%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "8.4% (2019)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation (2019)"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Nuclear Test Ban"
      }
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "36.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "3.42 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "12.85 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "<p>three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert</p>"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "44.2% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 22% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 37% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 21.93% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "19.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "36.5% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "31.2% of total population (2021)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "forest revenues": {
        "text": "4.54% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "coal revenues": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major infectious diseases": {
      "degree of risk": {
        "text": "very high (2020)"
      },
      "food or waterborne diseases": {
        "text": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever"
      },
      "vectorborne diseases": {
        "text": "dengue fever and&nbsp;malaria"
      },
      "water contact diseases": {
        "text": "schistosomiasis"
      },
      "animal contact diseases": {
        "text": "rabies"
      },
      "respiratory diseases": {
        "text": "meningococcal meningitis"
      }
    },
    "Food insecurity": {
      "severe localized food insecurity": {
        "text": "due to civil insecurity in the north - according to the latest analysis, about 2.87 million people are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in the June&minus;August 2021; in Centre-Nord and Sahel regions, insecurity continues to cause population displacements, further deteriorating the food security situation (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "2,575,251 tons (2015 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "309,030 tons (2005 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "12% (2005 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major rivers (by length in km)": {
      "text": "Volta river source (shared with Ghana [m]) - 1,600 km<br><strong>note</strong> – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth"
    },
    "Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
      "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)"
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "375.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "21.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "420.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "13.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Burkina Faso"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Burkina Faso"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name translates as \"Land of the Honest (Incorruptible) Men\""
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Ouagadougou"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "12 22 N, 1 31 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of the native name \"Wogodogo,\" meaning \"where people get honor and respect\""
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "5 August 1960 (from France)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Republic Day, 11 December (1958); note - commemorates the day that Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 has been postponed"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2012"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law based on the French model and customary law; in mid-2019, the National Assembly amended the penal code"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Burkina Faso"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "10 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Roch Marc Christian KABORE (since 29 December 2015; reelected 22 November 2020)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Lassina ZERBO (since 10 December 2021); note - on 8 December 2021, President KABORE accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Christophe DABIRE; on 10 December 2021 Kabor&eacute; named ZERBO prime minister. (2021)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Roch Marc Christian KABORE reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 57.9%, Eddie KOMBOIGO (CDP) 15.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC)12.5%, other 14.1%"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary results) - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest courts": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Council of State (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 9 members)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court judge appointments mostly controlled by the president of Burkina Faso; judges have no term limits; Council of State judge appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Council judges appointed by the president of Burkina Faso upon the proposal of the minister of justice and the president of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Appeals Court; High Court; first instance tribunals; district courts; specialized courts relating to issues of labor, children, and juveniles; village (customary) courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]<br>African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA]<br>Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Eddie KOMBOIGO]<br>Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO]<br>New Alliance of the Faso or NAFA [Mahamoudou DICKO]<br>New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]<br>Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Anatole BONKOUNGOU]<br>Party for Development and Change or PDC [Aziz SEREME]<br>Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Drabo TORO]<br>Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]<br>Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Michel BERE]<br>People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Simon COMPAORE]<br>Rally for Democracy and Socialism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO]<br>Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]<br>Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE]<br>Soleil d’Avenir [Abdoulaye SOMA]<br>Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Diemdioda DICKO]<br>Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]<br>Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Party or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]<br>Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]<br>Youth Alliance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Seydou KABORE (since 18 January 2017)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 332-5577"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 667-1882"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>contact@burkina-usa.org<br><br>https://burkina-usa.org/"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Sandra E. CLARK (since 25 September 2020)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Secteur 15, Ouaga 2000, Avenue Sembene Ousmane, Rue 15.873, Ouagadougou"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC&nbsp; 20521-2440"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "(226) 25-49-53-00"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "(226) 25-49-56-23"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>ouagaACS@state.gov<br><br>https://bf.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; red recalls the country's struggle for independence, green is for hope and abundance, and yellow represents the country's mineral wealth",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "white stallion; national colors: red, yellow, green"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Le Ditanye\" (Anthem of Victory)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Thomas SANKARA"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1974; also known as \"Une Seule Nuit\" (One Single Night); written by the country's former president, an avid guitar player"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "<p>Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. Irregular patterns of rainfall, poor soil, and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base.</p><p></p><p>Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso’s key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country’s total export revenues. Burkina Faso’s economic growth and revenue depends largely on production levels and global prices for the two commodities. The country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports.</p><p></p><p>In 2016, the government adopted a new development strategy, set forth in the 2016-2020 National Plan for Economic and Social Development, that aims to reduce poverty, build human capital, and to satisfy basic needs. A new three-year IMF program (2018-2020), approved in 2018, will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments.</p><p></p><p>While the end of the political crisis has allowed Burkina Faso’s economy to resume positive growth, the country’s fragile security situation could put these gains at risk. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges.</p>"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
        "text": "$45.16 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$44.27 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
        "text": "$41.88 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
        "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
        "text": "5.9% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
        "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
        "text": "$2,200 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$2,200 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2018": {
        "text": "$2,100 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2010 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$14.271 billion (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
        "text": "-3.2% (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": {
        "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "B (2017)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "31% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "44.9% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "24.6% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "28.4% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-34.4% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sorghum, maize, millet, cotton, cow peas, sugar cane, groundnuts, rice, sesame seed, vegetables"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "10.4% (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "8.501 million (2016 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "90%"
      },
      "industry and services": {
        "text": "10% (2000 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2004": {
        "text": "77% (2004)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8.6%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "8.9%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "8.4% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "41.4% (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": {
        "text": "35.3 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1994": {
        "text": "48.2 (1994)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "2.9%"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "32.2% (2009 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "2.666 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "3.655 billion (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "38.1% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "38.3% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "21.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2017": {
        "text": "-$1.019 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2016": {
        "text": "-$820 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$4.47 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2018": {
        "text": "$4.51 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Switzerland 59%, India 21% (2019)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "gold, cotton, zinc, cashews, sesame seeds (2019)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$5.02 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2018": {
        "text": "$5.17 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2017": {
        "text": "$5.3 billion (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Cote d'Ivoire 15%, China 9%, Ghana 8%, France 8%, India 6%, United States 5% (2019)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, delivery trucks, packaged medicines, electricity, aircraft (2019)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$49 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$50.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$3.056 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$2.88 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "currency": {
        "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "605.3 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2016": {
        "text": "593.01 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2015": {
        "text": "593.01 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2014": {
        "text": "591.45 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2013": {
        "text": "494.42 (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "22% (2019)"
      },
      "electrification - urban areas": {
        "text": "69% (2019)"
      },
      "electrification - rural areas": {
        "text": "2% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "990 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "1.551 billion kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "630 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "342,400 kW (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "80% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "12% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "23,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "23,580 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "75,039 (2020)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "22,117,218 (2020)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "105.8 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Burkina Faso&rsquo;s telecom services are some of the most expensive in the world, hindered by regulatory procedures, insufficient mobile spectrum, poor fixed-line networks; mobile telephony but below African average; Internet is provided by mobile operators; Internet penetration is low and expensive, despite improved international bandwidth via fiber links through submarine cables to adjacent countries; increased telecom tax; government infrastructure project largely completed; parliament launched inquiry on mobile network infrastructure coverage, pricing of services, and quality of service; government began computer subsidy program for university students; government progressed with large project to provide metropolitan fiber-optic infrastructure (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage 100 per 100, with multiple providers there is competition and the hope for growth from a low base; Internet penetration is 11% countrywide, but higher in urban areas (2019)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments"
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "since the official inauguration of Terrestrial Digital Television (TNT) in December 2017, Burkina Faso now has 14 digital TV channels among which 2 are state-owned; there are more than 140 radio stations (commercial, religious, community) available throughout the country including a national and regional state-owned network; the state-owned Radio Burkina and the private Radio Omega are among the most widespread stations and both include broadcasts in French and local languages (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".bf"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5.46 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "16% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13,979 (2020)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "less than 1 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "1 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "151,531 (2018)"
      },
      "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": {
        "text": "100,000 mt-km (2018)"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "XT"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "total": {
        "text": "23 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "over 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
        "text": "1 (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "21"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "13"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "5 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Railways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "622 km (2014)"
      },
      "narrow gauge": {
        "text": "622 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15,304 km (2014)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "3,642 km (2014)"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "11,662 km (2014)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Armed Forces of Burkina Faso (FABF): Army of Burkina Faso (L’Armee de Terre, LAT), Air Force of Burkina Faso (Force Aerienne de Burkina Faso, FABF), National Gendarmerie; Volunteers for the Defense of the Fatherland (a civilian defense force established in 2019 to act as auxiliaries to the military in the fight against militants) (2021)",
      "note": "note - the National Gendarmerie officially reports to the Ministry of Defense, but usually operates in support of the Ministry of Security and the Ministry of Justice; Gendarmerie troops are typically integrated with Army forces in anti-terrorism operations; for example, Gendarmerie, Army, and police forces were combined to form a 1,500-member task force known as the <em>Groupement des Forces Anti-Terroristes</em> (GFAT) to address terrorist activities along the country's northern border in 2013"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2019": {
        "text": "2.4% of GDP (2019)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2018": {
        "text": "2.1% of GDP (2018)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2017": {
        "text": "1.4% of GDP (2017)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2016": {
        "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso (FABF) have approximately 12,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2021)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "the FABF has a mix of foreign-supplied weapons; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly donated second-hand equipment from more than 10 countries (2021)"
    },
    "Military deployments": {
      "text": "900 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)",
      "note": "note - Burkina Faso is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2021)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "since at least 2016, the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso have been actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS; military operations have occurred in the Centre‐Est, Centre‐Nord, Est, Nord, and Sahel administrative regions<br><br>Burkina Faso is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries (2021)"
    }
  },
  "Terrorism": {
    "Terrorist group(s)": {
      "text": "Ansarul Islam; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun); Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>adding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali; the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualou</p>"
    },
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees (country of origin)": {
        "text": "24,538 (Mali) (2021)"
      },
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "<p>1,407,685 (2021)</p>"
      }
    }
  }
}