factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Resistance by native Caribs prevented colonization on Saint Vincent until 1719. Disputed between France and the UK for most of the 18th century, the island was ceded to the latter in 1783. The British prized Saint Vincent due to its fertile soil, which allowed for thriving slave-run plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton, and cocoa. In 1834, the British abolished slavery. Immigration of indentured servants eased the ensuing labor shortage, as did subsequent Portuguese immigrants from Madeira and East Indian laborers. Conditions remained harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, however, as depressed world sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the early 1900s. The economy then went into a period of decline with many landowners abandoning their estates and leaving the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a separate administrative unit of the Federation of the West Indies. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "13 15 N, 61 12 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "389 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "84 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "volcanic, mountainous"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m"
      },
      "highest point": {
        "text": "La Soufriere 1,234 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "hydropower, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "25.6% (2011 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 12.8% (2011 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2011 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2011 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "68.7% (2011 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "5.7% (2011 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "<p>hurricanes; La Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> La Soufriere (1,234 m) on the island of Saint Vincent last erupted in 1979; the island of Saint Vincent is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south</p>"
    },
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive; poor land use planning; deforestation; watershed management and squatter settlement control"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "101,145 (July 2021 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Saint Vincentian or Vincentian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 71.2%, mixed 23%, indigenous 3%, East Indian/Indian 1.1%, European 1.5%, other .2% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English, Vincentian Creole English, French patois"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 75% (Pentecostal 27.6%, Anglican 13.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.6%,&nbsp; Baptist 8.9%, Methodist 8.7%,&nbsp;Evangelical 3.8%, Salvation Army .3%, Presbyterian/Congregational .3%), Roman Catholic 6.3%,&nbsp; Rastafarian 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, other 4.7%, none 7.5%, unspecified 4.7% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "20.15% (male 10,309/female 10,121)"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "14.83% (male 7,582/female 7,451)"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "42.63% (male 22,395/female 20,824)"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "11.68% (male 6,136/female 5,703)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "10.72% (male 5,167/female 5,702) (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "46.7"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "32.1"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "14.5"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "6.9 (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "35.3 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "35.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "35.1 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.18% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "12.44 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-6.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "53% of total population (2020)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.03% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "27,000 KINGSTOWN (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-24 years": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
      },
      "25-54 years": {
        "text": "1.08 male(s)/female"
      },
      "55-64 years": {
        "text": "1.08 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.91 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality rate": {
      "text": "98 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "13.16 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14.9 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "11.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76.43 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "74.37 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "78.55 years (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 95.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 4.9% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current Health Expenditure": {
      "text": "4.5% (2017)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.66 physicians/1,000 population (2010)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "4.3 beds/1,000 population (2016)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 90.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 9.8% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "1.5% (2018)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
      "text": "1,200 (2018)"
    },
    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
      "text": "<100 (2018)"
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "23.7% (2016)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "5.7% of GDP (2018)"
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "14 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "15 years (2015)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Saint Vincent was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS after Saint VINCENT of Saragossa because the 22 January 1498 day of discovery was the saint's feast day"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Kingstown"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "13 08 N, 61 13 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "note": "<br><br><strong>etymology:</strong> an earlier French settlement was renamed Kingstown by the British in 1763 when they assumed control of the island; the king referred to in the name is George III (r. 1760-1820)"
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "27 October 1979 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1979)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1969, 1975; latest drafted 26 July 1979, effective 27 October 1979 (The Saint Vincent Constitution Order 1979)"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections on fundamental rights and freedoms, citizen protections, various government functions and authorities, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum of at least two thirds of the votes cast, and assent of the governor general"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "English common law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "7 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Susan DOUGAN (since&nbsp;1 August 2019)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Ralph E. GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (23 seats; 15 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 6 senators appointed by the governor general, and 2 ex officio members - the speaker of the house and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 5 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - ULP 49.58%, NDP 50.34%, other 0.8%; seats by party - ULP 9, NDP 6"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest courts": {
        "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "magistrates' courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic Republican Party or DRP [Anesia BAPTISTE]<br />New Democratic Party or NDP [Godwin L. FRIDAY]<br />Unity Labor Party or ULP [Dr. Ralph GONSALVES] (formed in 1994 by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)<br />SVG Green Party or SVGP [Ivan O'NEAL]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Lou-Anne Gaylene GILCHRIST (since 18 January 2017)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1627 K Street, NW, Suite 1202, Washington, DC 20006"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 364-6730"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 364-6730"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern, which stands for Vincent; the diamonds recall the islands as \"the Gems of the Antilles\" and are set slightly lowered in the gold band to reflect the nation's position in the Antilles; blue conveys the colors of a tropical sky and crystal waters, yellow signifies the golden Grenadine sands, and green represents lush vegetation"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Saint Vincent parrot; national colors: blue, gold, green"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "St. Vincent! Land So Beautiful!"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Phyllis Joyce MCCLEAN PUNNETT/Joel Bertram MIGUEL"
      },
      "note": "<p><strong>note:</strong> adopted 1967</p>"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "<p>Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity, as well as remittances. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is home to a small offshore banking sector and continues to fully adopt international regulatory standards.</p><p></p><p>This lower-middle-income country remains vulnerable to natural and external shocks. The economy has shown some signs of recovery due to increased tourist arrivals, falling oil prices and renewed growth in the construction sector. The much anticipated international airport opened in early 2017 with hopes for increased airlift and tourism activity. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 67% of GDP at the end of 2013.</p>"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2017": {
        "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2016": {
        "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2015": {
        "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "B3 (2014)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$1.38 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": {
        "text": "$1.373 billion (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": {
        "text": "$1.344 billion (2017 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<p><strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars</p>"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$785 million (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$12,485 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2018": {
        "text": "$12,466 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2017": {
        "text": "$12,245 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<p><strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars</p>"
    },
    "Gross national saving": {
      "Gross national saving 2017": {
        "text": "12.1% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Gross national saving 2016": {
        "text": "10.3% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Gross national saving 2015": {
        "text": "10.4% of GDP (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "7.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17.4% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "75.5% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "87.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "16.6% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "37.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-51.7% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": {
      "Overall Ease of Doing Business score 2020": {
        "text": "77.4 (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "bananas, sugar cane, roots/tubers nes, plantains, vegetables, fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, mangoes/guavas"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "57,520 (2007 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "26%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "57% (1980 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2008": {
        "text": "18.8% (2008 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "225.2 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "230 million (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2017": {
        "text": "-$116 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2016": {
        "text": "-$122 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2017": {
        "text": "$48.6 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2016": {
        "text": "$47.3 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Jordan 40.7%, France 12.5%, Barbados 7%, St. Lucia 6.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 5.7%, US 5.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.7% (2017)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch; tennis racquets"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2017": {
        "text": "$295.9 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2016": {
        "text": "$294.6 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "US 36.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 19.1%, UK 7%, China 5.8% (2017)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$182.1 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$192.3 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$362.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$330.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "currency": {
        "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2016": {
        "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2015": {
        "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2014": {
        "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2013": {
        "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity - production": {
      "text": "157 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - consumption": {
      "text": "146 million kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - exports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - imports": {
      "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
      "text": "54,000 kW (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
      "text": "85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
      "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
      "text": "13% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
      "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - imports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Crude oil - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
      "text": "1,620 bbl/day (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "1,621 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - production": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - consumption": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - exports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - imports": {
      "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas - proved reserves": {
      "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
      "text": "226,800 Mt (2017 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "11,889"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "11.7 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "94,367"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "92.87 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "adequate island-wide, fully automatic telephone system; broadband access; expanded FttP (Fiber to the Home) markets; LTE launches; regulatory development; telecom sector contributes greatly to the overall GDP; telecom sector is a growth area (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line teledensity exceeds 12 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is about 93 per 100 persons (2019)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-784;&nbsp;landing points for the ECFS, CARCIP&nbsp;and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to US and Caribbean Islands; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia (2019)"
      },
      "note": "<br><br><strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".vc"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "22,803"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "22.39% (July 2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24,613"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "24 (2018 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "2 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "11"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "J8 (2016)"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "total": {
        "text": "6 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5 (2017)"
      },
      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
        "text": "1 (2017)"
      },
      "914 to 1,523 m": {
        "text": "3 (2017)"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "1 (2017)"
      }
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      },
      "under 914 m": {
        "text": "1 (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "813"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 22, container ship 17, general cargo 163, oil tanker 16, other 595 (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Kingstown"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; the Special Services Unit (SSU) is the paramilitary arm of the Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (RSVPF) (2019)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
    },
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "current situation": {
        "text": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; some children under 18 are pressured to engage in sex acts in exchange for money or gifts; foreign workers may experience forced labor and are particularly vulnerable when employed by small, foreign-owned companies; adults and children are vulnerable to forced labor domestically, especially in the agriculture sector"
      },
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 2 Watch List – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government for the first time acknowledged a trafficking problem, launched an anti-trafficking public awareness campaign, and conducted anti-trafficking training for law enforcement, immigration, and labor officials; in 2014, authorities initiated three trafficking investigations, two of which were ultimately determined not to be trafficking cases, and did not prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders; the government did not identify or refer any potential trafficking victims to care (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation"
    }
  }
}