factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Christopher COLUMBUS claimed Saint Martin for Spain in 1493, naming it after the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, but it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 to exploit its salt deposits. The Spanish retook Saint Martin in 1633, but the Dutch continued to assert their claims. The Spanish finally relinquished the island to the French and Dutch, who divided it between themselves in 1648. The border frequently fluctuated over the next 200 years because of friction between the two countries, with the Dutch eventually holding the smaller portion of the island (about 39%) and adopting the Dutch spelling of the island's name for their territory. <br><br>The establishment of cotton, tobacco, and sugar plantations dramatically expanded African slavery on the island in the 18th and 19th centuries; the practice was not abolished in the Dutch half until 1863. The island's economy declined until 1939 when it became a free port; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded beginning in the 1950s. In 1954, Sint Maarten and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the Netherlands Antilles. In a 2000 referendum, the citizens of Sint Maarten voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, effective in 2010. In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, causing extensive damage to roads, communications, electrical power, and housing; the UN estimated that 90% of the buildings were damaged or destroyed."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea; Sint Maarten lies east of the US Virgin Islands"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "18 4 N, 63 4 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "34 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "34 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin"
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "one-fifth the size of Washington, D.C."
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "16 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Saint Martin (France) 16 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "58.9 km (for entire island)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 150 cm/year; hurricane season stretches from July to November"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "low, hilly terrain, volcanic origin"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "250 m SW of Mount Flagstaff summit, 383 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "fish, salt"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "0% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "89.1% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "the most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg) and Cul de Sac"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "subject to hurricanes from July to November"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the northern border is shared with the French overseas collectivity of Saint Martin; together, these two entities make up the smallest landmass in the world that is shared by two self-governing states<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Simpson Bay Lagoon (aka, Simson Bay Lagoon or The Great Pond) is one of the largest inland lagoons in the West Indies; the border between the French and Dutch halves of the island of Saint Martin runs across the center of the lagoon, which is shared"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "46,738 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "23,071"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "23,667"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Saint Maarten 29.9%, Dominican Republic 10.2%, Haiti 7.8%, Jamaica 6.6%, Saint Martin 5.9%, Guyana 5%, Dominica 4.4%, Curacao 4.1%, Aruba 3.4%, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2.8%, India 2.6%, Netherlands 2.2%, US 1.6%, Suriname 1.4%, Saint Lucia 1.3%, Anguilla 1.1%, other 8%, unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong>  data represent population by country of birth"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official) 67.5%, Spanish 12.9%, Creole 8.2%, Dutch (official) 4.2%, Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 2.2%, French 1.5%, other 3.5% (2001 est.)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 41.9% (Pentecostal 14.7%, Methodist 10.0%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.6%, Baptist 4.7%, Anglican 3.1%, other Protestant 2.8%), Roman Catholic 33.1%, Hindu 5.2%, Christian 4.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, Evangelical 1.4%, Muslim/Jewish 1.1%, other 1.3% (includes Buddhist, Sikh, Rastafarian), none 7.9%, no response 2.4% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "18.4% (male 4,409/female 4,114)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "66.3% (male 15,158/female 15,496)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "15.2% (2024 est.) (male 3,250/female 3,788)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "52.8 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "28.1 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "24.7 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "4.1 (2025 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "40.8 years (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "39 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "42.8 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.1% (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "12 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.59 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "the most populous areas are Lower Prince's Quarter (north of Philipsburg) and Cul de Sac"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "1,327 PHILIPSBURG (capital) (2011)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.98 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "7.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "8.4 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "79.7 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "77.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "82.2 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.96 children born/woman (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.96 (2025 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environmental issues": {
      "text": "scarcity of potable water; inadequate solid waste management; pollution from construction, chemical runoff, and sewage"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 150 cm/year; hurricane season stretches from July to November"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "0% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "89.1% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "100% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Country of Sint Maarten"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Sint Maarten"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Land Sint Maarten (Dutch)/ Country of Sint Maarten (English)"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Sint Maarten (Dutch and English)"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the island in 1493 after Saint MARTIN of Tours because he visited on 11 November, the saint's feast day"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "<p>parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy</p>"
    },
    "Dependency status": {
      "text": "one of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010; Dutch government responsible for defense and foreign affairs",
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>the other three constituent countries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands are the Netherlands, Aruba, and Curacao"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Philipsburg"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "18 1 N, 63 2 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "founded and named in 1763 by John PHILIPS, a Scottish captain in the Dutch navy"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "based on Dutch civil law system with some English common law influence"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 21 July 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Sint Maarten but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands)"
      },
      "amendment process": {
        "text": "proposals initiated by the Government or by Parliament; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority of the Parliament membership; passage of amendments relating to fundamental rights, authorities of the governor and of Parliament must include the \"views\" of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Government prior to ratification by Parliament"
      }
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "text": "see the Netherlands"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor Ajamu G. BALY (since 10 October 2022)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Luc MERCELINA (since 3 May 2024)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the governor"
      },
      "election/appointment process": {
        "text": "the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party as prime minister"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Parliament&nbsp;of Sint Maarten"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "15 (directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "proportional representation"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "4 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "1/11/2024"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "NA (4); UPP (3); URSM (2); DP (2); PFP (2); NOW (2)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "46.7%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "2028"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (consists of the presiding judge, other members, and their substitutes); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court in The Hague, Netherlands"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch serve for life"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Courts in First Instance"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Democratic Party or DP<br>National Alliance or NA<br>National Opportunity Wealth or NOW<br>Party for Progress or PFP<br>Sint Maarten Christian Party or SMCP<br>Unified Resilient St Maarten Movement or URSM<br>United People's Party or UPP<br>United Sint Maarten Party or US Party"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "text": "none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Sint Maarten; the Consul General to Curacao is accredited to Sint Maarten"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "Caricom (observer), ILO, Interpol, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "King's Day (birthday of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER), 27 April (1967)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> observed on the ruling monarch's birthday; celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday; local holiday is Sint Maarten's Day, 11 November (1985), and is celebrated on both halves of the island"
    },
    "Flag": {
      "text": "<strong>description:</strong> two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue, with a white isosceles triangle based on the left side; the national coat of arms is in the center of the triangle, with an orange-bordered blue shield that displays the white courthouse in Philipsburg, as well as yellow sage (the national flower) in the upper left and the silhouette of a Dutch-French friendship monument in the upper right; over the shield is a yellow rising sun and a brown pelican in flight; a yellow scroll below the shield has the motto SEMPER PROGREDIENS (Always Progressing)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the flag resembles Philippines' flag, but with the red and blue bands reversed; the three main colors are the same as the Dutch flag"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "<p>brown pelican, yellow sage (flower)</p>"
    },
    "National color(s)": {
      "text": "red, white, blue"
    },
    "National anthem(s)": {
      "title": {
        "text": "&ldquo;Het Wilhelmus&rdquo; (The William)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Philips VAN MARNIX van Sint Aldegonde (presumed)/unknown"
      },
      "history": {
        "text": "adopted 1932"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "high-income, tourism-based Dutch autonomous constituent economy; severe hurricane- and COVID-19-related economic recessions; multilateral trust fund helping offset economic downturn; no property taxation; re-exporter to Saint Martin"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": {
        "text": "$1.986 billion (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$1.919 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$1.849 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2024": {
        "text": "3.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "3.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "9.8% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2024": {
        "text": "$45,800 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$44,900 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$43,900 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$1.735 billion (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "0.1% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": {
        "text": "0.3% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "industry": {
        "text": "6% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "89.3% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugar"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism, light industry"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "0.5% (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "3% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "3.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "3.4% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "-$116.693 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "-$56.984 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$311.463 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$1.504 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$1.375 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$790.938 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Antigua &amp; Barbuda 28%, USA 16%, France 12%, Netherlands 8%, Morocco 7% (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "scrap iron, ships, jewelry, flavored water, liquor (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$1.489 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$1.32 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$1.003 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "USA 82%, Netherlands 7%, France 4%, Brazil 1%, Switzerland 1% (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "jewelry, refined petroleum, ships, pearl products, diamonds (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2024": {
        "text": "1.79 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "1.79 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "1.79 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "1.79 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "1.79 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "86,542 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "205 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".sx"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "89.5% (2022)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Airports": {
      "text": "1 (2025)"
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "2 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "2"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Coles Bay Oil Terminal, Philipsburg"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; Police Force of Sint Maarten (KPSM)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the KPSM is supported by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (Gendarmerie), the Dutch Caribbean Police Force (Korps Politie Caribisch Nederland, KPCN), and the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard (DCCG or Kustwacht Caribisch Gebied (KWCARIB))"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Trafficking in persons": {
      "tier rating": {
        "text": "Tier 3 — Sint Maarten does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Sint Maarten remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/sint-maarten/"
      }
    }
  }
}