factbook.json/africa/ct.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "The Central African Republic (CAR) is a perennially weak state that sits at the crossroads of ethnic and linguistic groups in the center of the African continent. Among the last areas of Sub-Saharan Africa to be drawn into the world economy, its introduction into trade networks around the early 1700s fostered significant competition among its population. The local population sought to benefit from the lucrative Atlantic, trans-Saharan, and Indian Ocean trade in enslaved people and ivory. Slave raids aided by the local populations fostered animosity between ethnic groups that remains today. The territory was established as a French colony named Ubangui-Shari in 1903, and France modeled its administration of the colony after the Belgian Congo, subcontracting control of the territory to private companies that collected rubber and ivory. Although France banned the domestic slave trade in CAR in the 1910s, the private companies continued to exploit the population through forced labor. The colony of Ubangi-Shari gained independence from France as the Central African Republic in 1960, but the death of independence leader Barthelemy BOGANDA six months prior led to an immediate struggle for power. <br><br>CAR’s political history has since been marred by a series of coups, the first of which brought Jean-Bedel BOKASSA to power in 1966. Widespread corruption and intolerance for any political opposition characterized his regime. In an effort to prolong his mandate, BOKASSA named himself emperor in 1976 and changed the country’s name to the Central African Empire. His regime’s economic mismanagement culminated in widespread student protests in 1979 that were violently suppressed by security forces. BOKASSA fell out of favor with the international community and was overthrown in a French-backed coup in 1979. After BOKASSA’s departure, the country’s name once again became the Central African Republic. <br><br>CAR’s fifth coup in 2013 unseated President Francois BOZIZE after the Seleka, a mainly Muslim rebel coalition, seized the capital and forced BOZIZE to flee the country. The Seleka's widespread abuses spurred the formation of mainly Christian self-defense groups that called themselves the anti-Balaka, which have also committed human rights abuses against Muslim populations in retaliation. Since the rise of these groups, conflict in CAR has become increasingly ethnoreligious, although focused on identity rather than religious ideology. Elections in 2016 installed independent candidate Faustin-Archange TOUADERA as president; he was reelected in 2020. A peace agreement signed in 2019 between the government and the main armed factions has had little effect, and armed groups remain in control of large swaths of the country's territory. TOUADERA's United Hearts Movement has governed the country since 2016, and a new constitution approved by referendum on 30 July 2023 effectively ended term limits, creating the potential for TOUADERA to extend his rule."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "7 00 N, 21 00 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Africa"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "622,984 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "622,984 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Texas; about four times the size of Georgia"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5,920 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "Cameroon 901 km; Chad 1556 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,747 km, Republic of the Congo 487 km; South Sudan 1055 km; Sudan 174 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "vast, flat to rolling plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Mont Ngaoui 1,410 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Oubangui River 335 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "635 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "9.1% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 4.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "72.5% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "18.4% (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Major rivers (by length in km)": {
      "text": "Oubangui (Ubangi) river [s] (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km <br><br><strong>note:</strong> [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth"
    },
    "Major watersheds (area sq km)": {
      "Atlantic Ocean drainage": {
        "text": "Congo (3,730,881 sq km), <em>(Mediterranean Sea)</em> Nile (3,254,853 sq km)"
      },
      "Internal (endorheic basin) drainage": {
        "text": "Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)"
      }
    },
    "Major aquifers": {
      "text": "Congo Basin, Lake Chad Basin"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "majority of residents live in the western and central areas of the country, especially in and around the capital of Bangui, as shown in this population distribution map"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "5,750,570 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "2,864,870"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "2,885,700"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Central African(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Central African"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Baya 28.8%, Banda 22.9%, Mandjia 9.9%, Sara 7.9%, M'Baka-Bantu 7.9%, Arab-Fulani (Peuhl) 6%, Mbum 6%, Ngbanki 5.5%, Zande-Nzakara 3%, other Central African Republic ethnic groups 2%, non-Central African Republic ethnic groups .1% (2003 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Roman Catholic 34.6%, Protestant 15.7%, other Christian 22.9%, Muslim 13.8%, ethnic religionist 12%, Baha'i 0.2%, agnostic/atheist 0.7% (2020 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "38.5% (male 1,113,795/female 1,063,971)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "58% (male 1,613,770/female 1,662,522)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "3.5% (2024 est.) (male 86,932/female 109,967)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "71.7 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "65.7 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "6 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "16.6 (2025 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "20.6 years (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "19.7 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "21.2 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.74% (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "31.49 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "11.04 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-3.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "majority of residents live in the western and central areas of the country, especially in and around the capital of Bangui, as shown in this population distribution map"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "43.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "958,000 BANGUI (capital) (2023)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.97 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.79 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "692 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "79.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "86.4 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "74.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "56.4 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "55.1 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "57.7 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "3.89 children born/woman (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "1.92 (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 48.1% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 27.4% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 36.3% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 51.9% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 72.6% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 63.7% of population (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Health expenditure": {
      "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": {
        "text": "9.1% of GDP (2021)"
      },
      "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": {
        "text": "9% of national budget (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "0.07 physicians/1,000 population (2023)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 53.5% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 12.4% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 30.2% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 46.5% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 87.6% of population (2022 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 69.8% of population (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "7.5% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "0.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "18.4% (2022 est.)"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "65.4% (2019 est.)"
    },
    "Child marriage": {
      "women married by age 15": {
        "text": "25.8% (2019)"
      },
      "women married by age 18": {
        "text": "61% (2019)"
      },
      "men married by age 18": {
        "text": "17.1% (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Education expenditure": {
      "Education expenditure (% GDP)": {
        "text": "1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Education expenditure (% national budget)": {
        "text": "10% national budget (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "42.4% (2019 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "59.8% (2019 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "27.1% (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environmental issues": {
      "text": "water pollution; tap water not potable; poaching; wildlife mismanagement; desertification; deforestation; soil erosion"
    },
    "International environmental agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "Law of the Sea"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "9.1% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 2.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 1.4% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 4.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "72.5% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "18.4% (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "43.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "313,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "313,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Particulate matter emissions": {
      "text": "25.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "1.106 million tons (2024 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "9.1% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "60.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "12 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "400,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "141 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Central African Republic"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "R&eacute;publique centrafricaine"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "former": {
        "text": "Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire"
      },
      "abbreviation": {
        "text": "CAR"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "self-descriptive name specifying the country's location on the continent; \"Africa\" is derived from the Roman designation of the area corresponding to present-day Tunisia, \"Africa terra,\" which meant \"Land of the Afri\" (the tribe resident in that area), but which eventually came to mean the entire continent"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "presidential republic"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Bangui"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "4 22 N, 18 35 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "established as a French military post in 1889; the name means \"rapids\" in the local Bobangui language, because of the city's location above the first great rapid on the Ubangi River"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "14 prefectures (<em>préfectures</em>, singular - <em>préfecture</em>), 2 economic prefectures* (<em>préfectures économiques</em>, singular - <em>préfecture économique</em>), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "civil law system based on the French model"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "several previous; latest constitution passed by a national referendum on 30 July 2023 and validated by the Constitutional Court on 30 August 2023"
      },
      "amendment process": {
        "text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "least one parent must be a citizen of the Central African Republic"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "35 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Faustin-Archange TOUAD&Eacute;RA (since 30 March 2016)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister F&eacute;lix MOLOUA (since 7 February 2022)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
      },
      "election/appointment process": {
        "text": "current president was directly elected for 5-year term; constitutional referendum in July 2023 removed term limits and instituted 7-year terms"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "28 December 2025"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2025:</em> Faustin-Archange TOUADÉRA reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Faustin-Archange TOUADÉRA (independent) 76.2%, Anicet Georges DOLOGUELE (URCA) 14.7%, other 9.1%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "December 2032"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "National Assembly (Assembl&eacute;e nationale)"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "unicameral"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "140 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "plurality/majority"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "12/27/2020 to 7/25/2021"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "United Hearts Movement (MCU) (63); National Movement of Independents (MOUNI) (9); Union for Central African Renewal (URCA) (7); Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People (MLPC) (7); Other (34); Independents (20)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "11.4%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "28 December 2025"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> on 27 December 2020, the day of first round elections, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that new first round elections would be held on 27 February 2021 for those areas controlled by armed groups and the second round on 6 March 2021; ultimately, two additional rounds were held on 23 May and 25 July 2021 in areas that continued to suffer from election security problems<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> in accordance with article 98 of the constitution published in August 2023, the parliamentary term has increased from five to seven years and will be first applied to the legislature due to be elected in late 2025"
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (number of judges unknown); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of whom are women)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judge appointments - 2 by the president, 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly, 2 elected by their peers, 2 are advocates elected by their peers, and 2 are law professors elected by their peers; judges serve 7-year non-renewable terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "high courts; magistrates' courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Action Party for Development or PAD<br>African Party for Radical Transformation and Integration of States or PATRIE<br>Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP<br>Be Africa ti e Kwe (also known as Central Africa for Us All or BTK)<br>Central African Democratic Rally or RDC<br>Central African Party for Integrated Development or PCDI<br>Democratic Movement for the Renewal and Evolution of Central Africa or MDREC<br>Kodro Ti Mo Kozo Si Movement or MKMKS<br>Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD<br>Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC<br>National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa or KNK)<br>National Movement of Independents or MOUNI<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP<br>National Union of Republican Democrats or UNADER<br>New Impetus for Central Africa or CANE<br>Party for Democracy and Solidarity - Kélémba or KPDS<br>Party for Democratic Governance or PGD<br>Path of Hope or CDE<br>Renaissance for Sustainable Development or RDD<br>Socialist Party or PS<br>Transformation Through Action Initiative or ITA<br>Union for Central African Renewal or URCA<br>Union for Renaissance and Development or URD<br>United Hearts Movement or MCU<strong><br></strong>"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Martial NDOUBOU (since 17 September 2018)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2704 Ontario Road NW, Washington, DC 20009"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 483-7800"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 332-9893"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>centrafricwashington@yahoo.com<br><br>https://www.usrcaembassy.org/"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Melanie Anne ZIMMERMAN (since July 2025)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Avenue David Dacko, Bangui"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "2060 Bangui Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-2060"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[236] 2161-0200"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[236] 2161-4494"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>https://cf.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country) (suspended), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "13 August 1960 (from France)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Republic Day, 1 December (1958)"
    },
    "Flag": {
      "text": "<strong>description:</strong> four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in the center; a five-pointed yellow star sits in the top left corner of the flag, on the blue band<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> combines the pan-African and French flag colors; red stands for blood spilled in the struggle for independence, blue for the sky and freedom, white for peace and dignity, green for hope and faith, and yellow for tolerance; the star represents aspiring to a vibrant future"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "elephant"
    },
    "National color(s)": {
      "text": "blue, white, green, yellow, red"
    },
    "National anthem(s)": {
      "title": {
        "text": "\"La Renaissance\" (The Renaissance)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Barthelemy BOGANDA/Herbert PEPPER"
      },
      "history": {
        "text": "adopted 1960; BOGANDA wrote the anthem's lyrics and was the first prime minister of the autonomous French territory"
      }
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "2 (natural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park; Sangha Trinational Forest"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "enormous natural resources; extreme poverty; weak public institutions and infrastructure; political and gender-based violence have led to displacement of roughly 25% of population; Bangui-Douala corridor blockade reduced activity and tax collection; strong agricultural performance offset COVID-19 downturn"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": {
        "text": "$5.926 billion (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$5.836 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$5.795 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2024": {
        "text": "1.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "0.7% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "0.5% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2024": {
        "text": "$1,100 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$1,100 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$1,100 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$2.752 billion (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
        "text": "3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
        "text": "5.6% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "4.3% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "32.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17.8% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "40.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "94.7% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "9.7% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "15.4% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "0% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "15.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-32.4% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "cassava, groundnuts, yams, coffee, maize, sesame seeds, taro, sugarcane, beef, milk (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "9.7% (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "2 million (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2024": {
        "text": "5.9% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2023": {
        "text": "5.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "6% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "8.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10.6% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "68.8% (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
    },
    "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
      "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
        "text": "43 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "2.1% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "33.1% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2021": {
        "text": "0% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$360.48 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$462.104 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "56% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "8.2% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2024": {
        "text": "$425.306 million (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$369.034 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$293.074 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "UAE 54%, China 14%, France 6%, Turkey 5%, Belgium 4% (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "gold, wood, diamonds, vehicle parts/accessories, cotton (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2024": {
        "text": "$890.572 million (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$742.108 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$784.669 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "China 16%, Cameroon 14%, France 8%, Belgium 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 5% (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, vaccines, tanks and armored vehicles (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
        "text": "$479.593 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
        "text": "$374.405 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
        "text": "$483.872 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 2023": {
        "text": "$724.179 million (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2024": {
        "text": "606.345 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "606.57 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "623.76 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "554.531 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "575.586 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "15.7% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "electrification - urban areas": {
        "text": "34.7%"
      },
      "electrification - rural areas": {
        "text": "1.6%"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "63,000 kW (2023 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "132.105 million kWh (2023 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "10 million kWh (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "99.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "imports": {
        "text": "1 metric tons (2023 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "3 million metric tons (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "2,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": {
        "text": "954,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "2,090 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "(2022 est.) less than 1"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "1.98 million (2022 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "39 (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "government-owned network, Radiodiffusion T&eacute;l&eacute;vision Centrafricaine, provides limited TV broadcasting; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations, as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2017)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".cf"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "8% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,000 (2022 est.) Data available for 2019 only."
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "(2022 est.) less than 1"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "TL"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "43 (2025)"
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Army (includes an air squadron, Escadrille Centrafricaine)<br><br>Ministry of Interior: National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), National Police (2025)",
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>the Special Republican Protection Group (Groupement Spécial Chargé de la Protection Républicaine or GSPR) provides protection to the head of state; it is part of the Army but reports to the president"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2024": {
        "text": "2.5% of GDP (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2023": {
        "text": "1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2022": {
        "text": "1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "1.8% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "estimated 10-15,000 active FACA (2025)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "most of the military's heavy weapons and equipment were lost during the 2012–2014 civil war; prior to the war, most of its inventory was of French, Russian, or Soviet origin; in recent years, it has received some donated equipment from China and Russia, including armored vehicles, drones, helicopters, jet trainer aircraft, and some light weapons (2025)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the CAR was under a UNSC arms embargo from 2013-July 2024"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-22 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription although the constitution provides for the possibility of conscription in the event of an imminent threat to the country (2025)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the Central African Armed Forces (FACA) are focused on internal security; since the 2013 coup, multiple armed groups have been active in the country, carrying out attacks, controlling territory, and undermining security; the coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; it has been estimated that only 10% of the FACA returned afterwards; over the past decade, the FACA has sought to rebuild with considerable foreign assistance, including from France, the EU, Russia, Rwanda, Uganda, and the UN; Russian private military contractors and Rwandan military forces have assisted the FACA in its operations against rebel groups<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s transitional government (2025)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees": {
        "text": "53,378 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "469,342 (2024 est.)"
      }
    }
  }
}