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543 lines
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23 KiB
JSON
543 lines
No EOL
23 KiB
JSON
{
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"intro": {
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"background": {
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"text": "The UK established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in the 1890s. Some of the most bitter fighting of World War II occurred on this archipelago. Self-government was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later. Ethnic violence, government malfeasance, and endemic crime have undermined stability and civil society. In June 2003, then Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought the assistance of Australia in reestablishing law and order; the following month, an Australian-led multinational force arrived to restore peace and disarm ethnic militias. The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) has generally been effective in restoring law and order and rebuilding government institutions."
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}
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},
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"geo": {
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"location": {
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"text": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea"
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},
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"geographic_coordinates": {
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"text": "8 00 S, 159 00 E"
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},
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"map_references": {
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"text": "Oceania"
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},
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"area": {
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"total": "28,896 sq km",
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"land": "27,986 sq km",
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"water": "910 sq km"
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},
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"area_comparative": {
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"text": "slightly smaller than Maryland"
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},
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"land_boundaries": {
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"text": "0 km"
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},
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"coastline": {
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"text": "5,313 km"
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},
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"maritime_claims": {
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"text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines",
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"territorial_sea": "12 nm",
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"exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm",
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"continental_shelf": "200 nm"
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},
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"climate": {
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"text": "tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather"
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},
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"terrain": {
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"text": "mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls"
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},
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"elevation_extremes": {
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"lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m",
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"highest_point": "Mount Popomanaseu 2,310 m"
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},
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"natural_resources": {
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"text": "fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel"
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},
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"land_use": {
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"arable_land": "0.62%",
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"permanent_crops": "2.25%",
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"other": "97.13% (2011)"
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},
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"irrigated_land": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"total_renewable_water_resources": {
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"text": "44.7 cu km (2011)"
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},
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"natural_hazards": {
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"text": "typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis",
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"volcanism": "Tinakula (elev. 851 m) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (elev. 485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal"
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},
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"environment_current_issues": {
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"text": "deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying"
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},
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"environment_international_agreements": {
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"party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling",
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"signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements"
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},
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"geography_note": {
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"text": "strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea; on 2 April 2007 an undersea earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Richter scale occurred 345 km WNW of the capital Honiara; the resulting tsunami devastated coastal areas of Western and Choiseul provinces with dozens of deaths and thousands dislocated; the provincial capital of Gizo was especially hard hit"
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}
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},
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"people": {
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"nationality": {
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"noun": "Solomon Islander(s)",
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"adjective": "Solomon Islander"
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},
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"ethnic_groups": {
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"text": "Melanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999 census)"
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},
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"languages": {
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"text": "Melanesian pidgin (in much of the country is lingua franca), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages"
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},
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"religions": {
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"text": "Protestant 73.7% (Church of Melanesia 32.8%, South Seas Evangelical 17%, Seventh-Day Adventist 11.2%, United Church 10.3%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.4%), Roman Catholic 19%, other Christian 4.4%, other 2.4%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.2% (1999 census)"
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},
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"population": {
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"text": "597,248 (July 2013 est.)"
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},
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"age_structure": {
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"0_14_years": "36.8% (male 113,030/female 106,527)",
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"15_24_years": "20% (male 61,244/female 58,027)",
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"25_54_years": "35% (male 106,525/female 102,452)",
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"55_64_years": "4.3% (male 12,586/female 12,930)",
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"65_years_and_over": "4% (male 11,598/female 12,329) (2013 est.)"
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},
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"dependency_ratios": {
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"total_dependency_ratio": "77.1 %",
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"youth_dependency_ratio": "71.2 %",
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"elderly_dependency_ratio": "6 %",
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"potential_support_ratio": "16.8 (2013)"
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},
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"median_age": {
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"total": "21.3 years",
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"male": "21.1 years",
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"female": "21.6 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"population_growth_rate": {
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"text": "2.12% (2013 est.)"
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},
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"birth_rate": {
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"text": "26.9 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"death_rate": {
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"text": "3.88 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"net_migration_rate": {
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"text": "-1.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)"
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},
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"urbanization": {
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"urban_population": "19% of total population (2010)",
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"rate_of_urbanization": "4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)"
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},
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"major_urban_areas_population": {
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"text": "HONIARA (capital) 72,000 (2009)"
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},
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"sex_ratio": {
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"at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female",
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"0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female",
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"15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female",
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"25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female",
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"55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female",
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"65_years_and_over": "0.95 male(s)/female",
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"total_population": "1.04 male(s)/female (2013 est.)"
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},
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"maternal_mortality_rate": {
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"text": "93 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)"
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},
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"infant_mortality_rate": {
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"total": "16.7 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"male": "19.03 deaths/1,000 live births",
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"female": "14.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)"
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},
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"life_expectancy_at_birth": {
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"total_population": "74.66 years",
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"male": "72.05 years",
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"female": "77.39 years (2013 est.)"
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},
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"total_fertility_rate": {
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"text": "3.44 children born/woman (2013 est.)"
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},
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"contraceptive_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "34.6% (2006/07)"
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},
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"health_expenditures": {
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"text": "8.6% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"physicians_density": {
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"text": "0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2005)"
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},
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"hospital_bed_density": {
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"text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2005)"
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},
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"drinking_water_source": {
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"improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 70% of population",
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"unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 30% of population (2000 est.)"
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},
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"sanitation_facility_access": {
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"improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 31% of population",
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"unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 69% of population (2000 est.)"
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},
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"hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"hiv_aids_deaths": {
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"text": "NA"
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},
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"obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": {
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"text": "30% (2008)"
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},
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"children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": {
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"text": "11.5% (2007)"
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},
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"education_expenditures": {
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"text": "7.3% of GDP (2010)"
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},
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"literacy": {
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"definition": "age 15 and over can read and write",
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"total_population": "84.1%",
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"male": "88.9%",
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"female": "79.2%"
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},
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"school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": {
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"total": "9 years",
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"male": "10 years",
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"female": "9 years (2007)"
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}
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},
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"govt": {
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"country_name": {
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"conventional_long_form": "none",
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"conventional_short_form": "Solomon Islands",
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"local_long_form": "none",
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"local_short_form": "Solomon Islands",
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"former": "British Solomon Islands"
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},
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"government_type": {
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"text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm"
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},
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"capital": {
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"name": "Honiara",
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"geographic_coordinates": "9 26 S, 159 57 E",
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"time_difference": "UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
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},
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"administrative_divisions": {
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"text": "9 provinces and 1 capital territory*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western"
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},
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"independence": {
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"text": "7 July 1978 (from the UK)"
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},
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"national_holiday": {
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"text": "Independence Day, 7 July (1978)"
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},
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"constitution": {
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"text": "7 July 1978"
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},
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"legal_system": {
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"text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law"
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},
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"international_law_organization_participation": {
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"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
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},
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"suffrage": {
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"text": "21 years of age; universal"
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},
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"executive_branch": {
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"chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Frank KABUI (since 7 July 2009)",
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"head_of_government": "Prime Minister Gordon Darcy LILO (since 16 November 2011)",
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"cabinet": "Cabinet consists of 20 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of parliament",
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"elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of parliament for up to five years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of parliament; Gordon Darcy LILO elected on 16 November 2011"
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},
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"legislative_branch": {
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"text": "unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members elected from single-member constituencies by popular vote to serve four-year terms)",
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"elections": "last held on 4 August 2010 (next to be held in 2014)",
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"election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SIDP 14, OUR 4, SIPRA 3, RDP 3, IDP 2, DDP 2, PCP 1, PFP 1, RUPP 1, SILP 1, SINP 1, independents 17"
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},
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"judicial_branch": {
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"highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, and ex officio members to include the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges as prescribed by the National Parliament)",
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"judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court president, chief justices, and puisne judges appointed by the governor-general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, chaired by the chief justice to include 5 members, mostly judicial officials and legal professionals; all judges appointed until retirement at age 60",
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"subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts; local courts; Customary Land Appeal Court"
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},
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"political_parties_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Direct Development Party or DDP [Dick HA'AMORI]; Independent Democratic Party or IDP [Snyder RINI]; People's Alliance Party or PAP [James MEKAB]; People's Congress Party or PCP [Fred FONO]; People's Federation Party or PFP [Rudolf DORA]; Ownership, Unity, and Responsibility Party or OUR [Manasseh SOGAVARE]; Reform Democratic Party or RDP [Danny PHILIP]; Rural and Urban Political Party or RUPP [Samuel MANETOALI]; Solomon Islands Democratic Party or SIDP [Steve ABANA]; Solomon Islands Liberal Party or SILP [Derek SIKUA]; Solomon Islands National Party or SINP [Francis HILLY]; Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Job D. TAUSINGA]; United Party [Sir Peter KENILOREA]",
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"note": "in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions"
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},
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"political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": {
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"text": "Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM); Malaita Eagle Force (MEF); ",
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"note": "these rival armed ethnic factions crippled the Solomon Islands in a wave of violence from 1999 to 2003"
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},
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"international_organization_participation": {
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"text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, EITI (candidate country), ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": {
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"chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Collin David BECK",
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"chancery": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400L, New York, NY 10017",
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"telephone": "[1] (212) 599-6192, 6193",
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"fax": "[1] (212) 661-8925"
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},
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"diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": {
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"text": "the US does not have an embassy in the Solomon Islands; the US ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands"
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},
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"flag_description": {
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"text": "divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green; blue represents the ocean; green the land; and yellow sunshine; the five stars stand for the five main island groups of the Solomon Islands"
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},
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"national_anthem": {
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"name": "\"God Save Our Solomon Islands\"",
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"lyrics_music": "Panapasa BALEKANA and Matila BALEKANA/Panapasa BALEKANA",
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"note": "adopted 1978"
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}
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},
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"econ": {
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"economy_overview": {
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"text": "The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closing of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds."
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},
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"gdp_purchasing_power_parity": {
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"text": "$1.922 billion (2012 est.); $1.822 billion (2011 est.); $1.646 billion (2010 est.)",
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"note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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},
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"gdp_official_exchange_rate": {
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"text": "$1.01 billion (2012 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_real_growth_rate": {
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"text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 10.7% (2011 est.); 7.8% (2010 est.)"
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},
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"gdp_per_capita_ppp": {
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"text": "$3,400 (2012 est.); $3,300 (2011 est.); $3,100 (2010 est.)",
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"note": "data are in 2012 US dollars"
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},
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"gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": {
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"agriculture": "54.1%",
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"industry": "7.2%",
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"services": "38.6% (2012 est.)"
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},
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"agriculture_products": {
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"text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs; fish; timber"
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},
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"industries": {
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"text": "fish (tuna), mining, timber"
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},
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"industrial_production_growth_rate": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"labor_force": {
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"text": "202,500 (2007)"
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},
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"labor_force_by_occupation": {
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"agriculture": "75%",
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"industry": "5%",
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"services": "20% (2000 est.)"
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},
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"unemployment_rate": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"population_below_poverty_line": {
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"text": "NA%"
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},
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"household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": {
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"lowest_10%": "NA%",
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"highest_10%": "NA%"
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},
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"budget": {
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"revenues": "$380.7 million",
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"expenditures": "$326.3 million (2012 est.)"
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},
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"taxes_and_other_revenues": {
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"text": "37.7% of GDP (2012 est.)"
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},
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"budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": {
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"text": "5.4% of GDP (2012 est.)"
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},
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"fiscal_year": {
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"text": "calendar year"
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},
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"inflation_rate_consumer_prices": {
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"text": "5.9% (2012 est.); 7.4% (2011 est.)"
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},
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"commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": {
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"text": "11.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.17% (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"stock_of_narrow_money": {
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"text": "$328.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $254.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"stock_of_broad_money": {
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"text": "$386.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $353.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"stock_of_domestic_credit": {
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"text": "$41.13 million (31 December 2012 est.); $50.01 million (31 December 2011 est.)"
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},
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"current_account_balance": {
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"text": "-$372.6 million (2010 est.); -$207.9 million (2009 est.)"
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},
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"exports": {
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"text": "; $226.5 million (2010 est.)"
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},
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"exports_commodities": {
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"text": "timber, fish, copra, palm oil, cocoa"
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},
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"exports_partners": {
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"text": "China 47.9%, Australia 16.6% (2012)"
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},
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"imports": {
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"text": "$360.3 million (2010 est.)"
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},
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"imports_commodities": {
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"text": "food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals"
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},
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"imports_partners": {
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"text": "Singapore 26.6%, Australia 25.1%, China 7%, NZ 4.8%, Malaysia 4.7% (2012)"
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},
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"debt_external": {
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"text": "$255.5 million (31 December 2011 est.); $166 million (2004)"
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},
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"exchange_rates": {
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"text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar -; 7.3552 (2012 est.); 7.6413 (2011 est.); 8.0645 (2010 est.)"
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}
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},
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"energy": {
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"electricity_production": {
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"text": "82 million kWh (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_consumption": {
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"text": "76.26 million kWh (2009 est.)"
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},
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"electricity_exports": {
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"text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
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|
},
|
|
"electricity_imports": {
|
|
"text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_installed_generating_capacity": {
|
|
"text": "14,000 kW (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_fossil_fuels": {
|
|
"text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": {
|
|
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_production": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_imports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"crude_oil_proved_reserves": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_production": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "1,728 bbl/day (2011 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"refined_petroleum_products_imports": {
|
|
"text": "1,433 bbl/day (2008 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_production": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_consumption": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_exports": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_imports": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"natural_gas_proved_reserves": {
|
|
"text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": {
|
|
"text": "359,000 Mt (2010 est.)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"comm": {
|
|
"telephones_main_lines_in_use": {
|
|
"text": "8,400 (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"telephones_mobile_cellular": {
|
|
"text": "274,900 (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"telephone_system": {
|
|
"domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone density is about 50 per 100 persons",
|
|
"international": "country code - 677; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2011)"
|
|
},
|
|
"broadcast_media": {
|
|
"text": "Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) is the sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (2009)"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_country_code": {
|
|
"text": ".sb"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_hosts": {
|
|
"text": "4,370 (2012)"
|
|
},
|
|
"internet_users": {
|
|
"text": "10,000 (2009)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"trans": {
|
|
"airports": {
|
|
"text": "36 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"airports_with_paved_runways": {
|
|
"total": "1",
|
|
"1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"airports_with_unpaved_runways": {
|
|
"total": "35",
|
|
"1_524_to_2_437_m": "1",
|
|
"914_to_1_523_m": "10",
|
|
"under_914_m": "24 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"heliports": {
|
|
"text": "3 (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"roadways": {
|
|
"total": "1,360 km",
|
|
"paved": "33 km",
|
|
"unpaved": "1,327 km",
|
|
"note": "includes 800 km of private plantation roads (2002)"
|
|
},
|
|
"ports_and_terminals": {
|
|
"text": "Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulaghi"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"military": {
|
|
"military_branches": {
|
|
"text": "no regular military forces; Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (2013)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_available_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "142,913 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_fit_for_military_service": {
|
|
"males_age_16_49": "118,921",
|
|
"females_age_16_49": "118,164 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": {
|
|
"male": "6,483",
|
|
"female": "6,098 (2010 est.)"
|
|
},
|
|
"military_expenditures": {
|
|
"text": "3.7% of GDP (2007)"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"issues": {
|
|
"disputes_international": {
|
|
"text": "since 2003, the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, consisting of police, military, and civilian advisors drawn from 15 countries, has assisted in reestablishing and maintaining civil and political order while reinforcing regional stability and security"
|
|
},
|
|
"trafficking_in_persons": {
|
|
"current_situation": "The Solomon Islands is a source and destination country for local and Southeast Asian men and women subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution; women from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines are recruited for legitimate work and upon arrival are forced into prostitution; men from Indonesia and Malaysia recruited to work in the Solomon Islands' mining and logging industries may be subjected to forced labor; local children are forced into prostitution near foreign logging camps, on fishing vessels, and at hotel and other entertainment venues; some local children are also sold by their parents for marriage to foreign workers or put up for \"informal adoption\" and then find themselves forced into domestic servitude or forced prostitution",
|
|
"tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - The Solomon Islands does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has formed an ad hoc Solomon Islands Trafficking-in-Persons Advisory Committee and established an informal victim assistance referral procedure for law enforcement; the government did not pass the necessary implementing regulations for anti-trafficking legislation enacted in 2012, preventing authorities from using the new law to prosecute alleged traffickers; the government continues to rely on civil society or religious organizations to provide limited services to victims; the Solomon Islands is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2013)"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} |