factbook.json/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json

{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the Bahama islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Piracy thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries because of The Bahamas' close proximity to shipping lanes. Since gaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management, which comprise up to 85% of GDP. Because of its proximity to the US -- the nearest Bahamian landmass is only 80 km (50 mi) from Florida -- the country is a major transshipment point for illicit trafficking to the US mainland, as well as to Europe. US law enforcement agencies cooperate closely with The Bahamas; the Drug Enforcement Administration, US Coast Guard, and US Customs and Border Protection assist Bahamian authorities with maritime security and law enforcement through Operation Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, or OPBAT."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often designated as a Caribbean nation"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "24 15 N, 76 00 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total ": {
        "text": "13,880 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "10,010 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "3,870 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "3,542 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "1.3 km NE of Old Bight on Cat Island 64 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "1.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "50.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "47.8% (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "total": {
        "text": "415,306 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "192,055"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "223,251"
      }
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Bahamian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Bahamian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 90.6%, White 4.7%, mixed 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by racial group"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Plymouth Brethren 1.6%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, none 1.9%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "21.4% (male 41,675/female 46,363)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "70% (male 132,626/female 154,866)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "8.6% (2024 est.) (male 15,799/female 19,533)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "43.2 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "30.2 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "13 (2025 est.)"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "7.7 (2025 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "31.1 years (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "30.6 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "30.7 years"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "1.08% (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "13.1 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "83.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "280,000 NASSAU (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "0.9 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "0.86 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.81 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "76 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "10.5 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 live births"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76.7 years (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "75.1 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "78.4 years"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.71 (2025 est.)"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 98.9% of population"
      }
    },
    "Health expenditure": {
      "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": {
        "text": "7.1% of GDP (2021)"
      },
      "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": {
        "text": "15.8% of national budget (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Physician density": {
      "text": "1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "2.7 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "31.6% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "3.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "1.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "4.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10.8% (2025 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "20.8% (2025 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "1.9% (2025 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Education expenditure": {
      "Education expenditure (% GDP)": {
        "text": "2.7% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Education expenditure (% national budget)": {
        "text": "10.6% national budget (2025 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environmental issues": {
      "text": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal"
    },
    "International environmental agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "1.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "50.9% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "47.8% (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "83.6% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "2.99 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "2,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "2.966 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "23,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Particulate matter emissions": {
      "text": "5.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "264,000 tons (2024 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "24.9% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "700 million cubic meters (2022 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Commonwealth of The Bahamas"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "The Bahamas"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "name may be derived from the Spanish <em>baha mar</em>, meaning \"low sea,\" which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks; alternatively, it may be a form of the local name Guanahani, which is of unknown origin and meaning"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy&nbsp;under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Nassau"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "25 05 N, 77 21 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "named after King WILLIAM III of England (1650-1702), who was a member of the House of Orange-Nassau"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama"
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "common-law system based on the English model"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1964 (pre-independence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973"
      },
      "amendment process": {
        "text": "proposed as an \"Act\" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum"
      }
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of The Bahamas"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "6-9 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor-General Cynthia A. PRATT (since 1 September 2023)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Philip Edward DAVIS (since 17 September 2021)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor-general on recommendation of prime minister"
      },
      "election/appointment process": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the governor-general appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "legislature name": {
        "text": "Parliament"
      },
      "legislative structure": {
        "text": "bicameral"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Parliament sits for 5 years from the date of the last general election: the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time"
    },
    "Legislative branch - lower chamber": {
      "chamber name": {
        "text": "House of Assembly"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "39 (all directly elected)"
      },
      "electoral system": {
        "text": "plurality/majority"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "9/16/2021"
      },
      "parties elected and seats per party": {
        "text": "Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) (32); Free National Movement (FNM) (7)"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "17.9%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "September 2026"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch - upper chamber": {
      "chamber name": {
        "text": "Senate"
      },
      "number of seats": {
        "text": "16 (all appointed)"
      },
      "scope of elections": {
        "text": "full renewal"
      },
      "term in office": {
        "text": "5 years"
      },
      "most recent election date": {
        "text": "10/6/2021"
      },
      "percentage of women in chamber": {
        "text": "31.3%"
      },
      "expected date of next election": {
        "text": "October 2026"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 6 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 19 justices)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Court of Appeal president and Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition party; other Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body headed by the chief justice; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 68 but can be extended until age 70; Supreme Court justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65 but can be extended until age 67"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Industrial Tribunal; Magistrates' Courts; Family Island Administrators (can also serve as magistrates)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> The Bahamas is a member of the 15-member Caribbean Community but is not party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as its highest appellate court; the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for The Bahamas"
    },
    "Political parties": {
      "text": "Coalition of Independents Party or COI<br>Democratic National Alliance or DNA<br>Free National Movement or FNM<br>Progressive Liberal Party or PLP"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Wendall Kermith JONES (since 19 April 2022)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "600 New Hampshire Ave NW, Suite 530, Washington, DC 20037"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 319-2660"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 319-2668"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>embassy@bahamasembdc.org<br><br>https://www.bahamasembdc.org/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Atlanta, Miami, New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Herschel WALKER (since 9 December 2025)"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "42 Queen Street, Nassau"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (242) 322-1181"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (242) 356-7174"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>acsnassau@state.gov<br><br>https://bs.usembassy.gov/"
      }
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "10 July 1973 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 10 July (1973)"
    },
    "Flag": {
      "text": "<strong>description:</strong> three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the left side<br><br><strong>meaning:</strong> the band colors represent the islands' golden beaches surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black stands for the vigor and force of a united people, and the triangle for the people's enterprise and determination"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "blue marlin, flamingo, yellow elderflower"
    },
    "National color(s)": {
      "text": "aquamarine, yellow, black"
    },
    "National coat of arms": {
      "text": "the motto on the Bahamas coat of arms is “Forward, Upward, Onward Together;” the flamingo and marlin supporting the shield are national animals that represent respectively the land and sea; the pink conch shell symbolizes the marine life of the islands, and the green palm fronds represent the natural vegetation; the <em>Santa Maria</em>, Christopher Columbus’s flagship, also appears; the sun signifies the world-famous climate and the bright future of the islands"
    },
    "National anthem(s)": {
      "title": {
        "text": "\"God Save the King\""
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "unknown"
      },
      "history": {
        "text": "royal anthem, as a Commonwealth country"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "high-income tourism and financial services economy; major income inequality; strong US bilateral relations; several tax relief programs; targeted investment in agriculture, energy, light manufacturing, and technology industries"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": {
        "text": "$14.544 billion (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
        "text": "$14.069 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
        "text": "$13.653 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2024": {
        "text": "3.4% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
        "text": "3% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
        "text": "10.9% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2024": {
        "text": "$36,200 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2023": {
        "text": "$35,200 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2022": {
        "text": "$34,300 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$15.833 billion (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": {
        "text": "0.4% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
        "text": "3.1% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
        "text": "5.6% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "0.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "9.6% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "77.2% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "64.3% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "12.9% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "25.7% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "1.1% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "37.8% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-41.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "sugarcane, grapefruits, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, tropical fruits, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top ten agricultural products based on tonnage"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment and logistics, salt, aragonite, pharmaceuticals"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "12.5% (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "237,100 (2024 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2024": {
        "text": "8.5% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2023": {
        "text": "8.7% (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2022": {
        "text": "9.3% (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "17.8% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "17.8% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "17.8% (2024 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment"
    },
    "Remittances": {
      "Remittances 2024": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2023": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Remittances 2022": {
        "text": "0.4% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$2.855 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$3.389 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2023": {
        "text": "73.7% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "16.2% (of GDP) (2023 est.)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2024": {
        "text": "-$1.053 billion (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2023": {
        "text": "-$1.069 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2022": {
        "text": "-$1.233 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2024": {
        "text": "$6.771 billion (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2023": {
        "text": "$6.011 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2022": {
        "text": "$5.425 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "USA 36%, Zimbabwe 16%, Cote d'Ivoire 14%, Germany 8%, Guyana 8% (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export partners based on percentage share of exports"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, ships, aluminum, shellfish, plastics (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2024": {
        "text": "$7.069 billion (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2023": {
        "text": "$6.273 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2022": {
        "text": "$5.843 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "USA 60%, Germany 13%, China 5%, Japan 3%, Brazil 2% (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import partners based on percentage share of imports"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, ships, aircraft, cars, crude petroleum (2023)",
      "note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
        "text": "$2.512 billion (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
        "text": "$2.609 billion (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
        "text": "$2.433 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2024": {
        "text": "1 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2023": {
        "text": "1 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2022": {
        "text": "1 (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "1 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "1 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2022 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "608,000 kW (2023 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "2.036 billion kWh (2023 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "10 million kWh (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "imports": {
        "text": "600 metric tons (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "20,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "consumption": {
        "text": "14.13 million cubic meters (2023 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "14.13 million cubic meters (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": {
        "text": "104.409 million Btu/person (2023 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "93,100 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "23 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "388,000 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "97 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "4 major TV providers; 1 TV station is operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB) and competes with 4 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is widely available; 32 licensed broadcast (radio) service providers, with 31 privately owned FM radio stations; the BCB operates a multi-channel radio network with national coverage; the sector is regulated by the Utilities Regulation and Competition Authority (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".bs"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "95% (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "95,000 (2023 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "24 (2023 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "C6"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "54 (2025)"
    },
    "Heliports": {
      "text": "9 (2025)"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,274 (2023)"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 345, container ship 39, general cargo 58, oil tanker 193, other 639"
      }
    },
    "Ports": {
      "total ports": {
        "text": "6 (2024)"
      },
      "large": {
        "text": "0"
      },
      "medium": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "small": {
        "text": "1"
      },
      "very small": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "ports with oil terminals": {
        "text": "4"
      },
      "key ports": {
        "text": "Clifton Pier, Cockburn Town, Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau, South Riding Point"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Royal Bahamas Defense Force (RBDF): includes land, air, maritime elements; Royal Bahamas Police Force (RBPF) (2025)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the RBPF maintains internal security; both the RBDF and the RBPF, as well as the Department of Corrections, report to the Minister of National Security"
    },
    "Military expenditures": {
      "Military Expenditures 2024": {
        "text": "0.7% of GDP (2024 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2023": {
        "text": "0.8% of GDP (2023 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2022": {
        "text": "0.8% of GDP (2022 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2021": {
        "text": "0.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Military Expenditures 2020": {
        "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Military and security service personnel strengths": {
      "text": "approximately 1,500-1,800 active RBDF (2025)"
    },
    "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
      "text": "most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory has been acquired from the Netherlands or the US (2025)"
    },
    "Military service age and obligation": {
      "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary service for men and women (18-60 for Reserves); no conscription (2025)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the RBDF was established in 1980; its primary responsibilities are maritime security and safeguarding the territorial integrity of the Bahamas, providing disaster relief and humanitarian assistance, and supporting internal law and order in cooperation with other law enforcement agencies; the RBDF is a naval force with a few light aircraft, coastal patrol craft, and patrol boats, as well as a lightly-armed marine infantry/commando squadron for base and internal security; the RBDF has training relationships with the UK and the US (2025)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
      "refugees": {
        "text": "30 (2024 est.)"
      },
      "IDPs": {
        "text": "30 (2024 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "USG identification": {
        "text": "<br>major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)"
      }
    }
  }
}