{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "

In 1816, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political unrest and conflict between civilian and military factions.

After World War II, an era of populism under former President Juan Domingo PERÓN - the founder of the Peronist political movement - and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Néstor KIRCHNER (2003-07) and his spouse Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (2007-15), who oversaw several years of strong economic growth (2003-11) followed by a gradual deterioration in the government’s fiscal situation and eventual economic stagnation and isolation. Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI’s economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNÁNDEZ and Vice President FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER. Presidential elections will take place next in October 2023.

" } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "34 00 S, 64 00 W" }, "Map references": { "text": "South America" }, "Area": { "total": { "text": "2,780,400 sq km" }, "land": { "text": "2,736,690 sq km" }, "water": { "text": "43,710 sq km" } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "11,968 km" }, "border countries": { "text": "Bolivia 942 km; Brazil 1,263 km; Chile 6,691 km; Paraguay 2,531 km; Uruguay 541 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "4,989 km" }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { "text": "12 nm" }, "contiguous zone": { "text": "24 nm" }, "exclusive economic zone": { "text": "200 nm" }, "continental shelf": { "text": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" } }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest" }, "Terrain": { "text": "rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America) 6,962 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Laguna del Carbón (located between Puerto San Julián and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) -105 m" }, "mean elevation": { "text": "595 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, arable land" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "53.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 13.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 39.6% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "10.7% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "35.4% (2018 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "23,600 sq km (2012)" }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { "text": "Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martín (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhué Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km" }, "salt water lake(s)": { "text": "Laguna Mar Chiquita - 1,850 sq km;" } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Río de la Plata/Paraná river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Paraná (2,582,704 sq km)" }, "Major aquifers": { "text": "Guaraní Aquifer System" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "

San Miguel de Tucumán and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas

volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchón-Peteroa, San José, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma

" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "note 1: second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbón is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazú Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil

note 2: southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "46,621,847 (2023 est.)" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { "text": "Argentine(s)" }, "adjective": { "text": "Argentine" } }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "European (mostly Spanish and Italian descent) and Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian ancestry) 97.2%, Amerindian 2.4%, African descent 0.4% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Quechua, Guarani, Mapudungun)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." } }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 62.9%, Evangelical 15.3% (Pentecostal 13%, other Evangelical 2.3%), Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ 1.4%, other 1.2% (includes Muslim, Jewish), none 18.9% (includes agnostic and atheist), unspecified 0.3% (2019 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { "text": "

Argentina’s population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina’s fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1950s and then becoming more gradual in the 1990s.  Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor. While the population under age 15 is shrinking, the youth cohort – ages 15 – 24 – is the largest in Argentina’s history and will continue to bolster the working-age population. If this large working-age population is well-educated and gainfully employed, Argentina is likely to experience an economic boost and possibly higher per capita savings and investment. Although literacy and primary school enrollment are nearly universal, grade repetition is problematic and secondary school completion is low. Both of these issues vary widely by region and socioeconomic group. Only 24% of Argentinians complete tertiary education.  With wages failing to keep pace with soaring inflation – one of the highest in the world – the poverty rate has climbed to over 4]0% in the first half of 2023.

Argentina has been primarily a country of immigration for most of its history, welcoming European immigrants (often providing needed low-skilled labor) after its independence in the 19th century and attracting especially large numbers from Spain and Italy. More than 7 million European immigrants are estimated to have arrived in Argentina between 1880 and 1930 (composing 30% of the total population by 1914), when it adopted a more restrictive immigration policy.  European immigration also began to wane in the 1930s because of the global depression.  The inflow rebounded temporarily following WWII and resumed its decline in the 1950s when Argentina’s military dictators tightened immigration rules and European economies rebounded. Regional migration increased, however, supplying low-skilled workers escaping economic and political instability in their home countries. As of 2022, immigrants make up 3.1% of the population, with over half coming from Paraguay and Bolivia.  Despite runaway inflation, hundreds of thousands immigrants arrive each year.

The first waves of highly skilled Argentine emigrant workers headed mainly to the United States and Spain in the 1960s and 1970s, driven by economic decline and repressive military dictatorships. The 2008 European economic crisis drove the return migration of some Argentinean and other Latin American nationals, as well as the immigration of Europeans to South America, where Argentina was a key recipient. 

" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "23.51% (male 5,645,070/female 5,316,156)" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "63.83% (male 14,929,084/female 14,827,733)" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "12.66% (2023 est.) (male 2,511,984/female 3,391,820)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { "total dependency ratio": { "text": "54.3" }, "youth dependency ratio": { "text": "36" }, "elderly dependency ratio": { "text": "18.2" }, "potential support ratio": { "text": "5.5 (2021 est.)" } }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "32.4 years" }, "male": { "text": "31.1 years" }, "female": { "text": "33.6 years (2020 est.)" } }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.8% (2023 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.38 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.28 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated" }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "92.5% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Córdoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucumán, 914,000 La Plata (2023)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { "text": "1.07 male(s)/female" }, "0-14 years": { "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "1.01 male(s)/female" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "0.74 male(s)/female" }, "total population": { "text": "0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est.)" } }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "45 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { "text": "9.14 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "male": { "text": "10.13 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "female": { "text": "8.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { "text": "78.55 years" }, "male": { "text": "75.49 years" }, "female": { "text": "81.81 years (2023 est.)" } }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.17 children born/woman (2023 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "1.05 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.1% (2019/20)" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.8% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: NA" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: NA" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0.2% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: NA" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: (2020 est.) NA" } }, "Current health expenditure": { "text": "10% of GDP (2020)" }, "Physicians density": { "text": "4.06 physicians/1,000 population (2020)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "5 beds/1,000 population (2017)" }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: NA" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: NA" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: NA" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: (2020 est.) NA" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "28.3% (2016)" }, "Alcohol consumption per capita": { "total": { "text": "7.95 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "beer": { "text": "3.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "wine": { "text": "2.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "spirits": { "text": "0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "other alcohols": { "text": "0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, "Tobacco use": { "total": { "text": "24.5% (2020 est.)" }, "male": { "text": "29.4% (2020 est.)" }, "female": { "text": "19.6% (2020 est.)" } }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "1.7% (2018/19)" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { "text": "48.9% (2023 est.)" }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { "text": "age 15 and over can read and write" }, "total population": { "text": "99%" }, "male": { "text": "98.9%" }, "female": { "text": "99.1% (2018)" } }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "18 years" }, "male": { "text": "17 years" }, "female": { "text": "20 years (2020)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "29.9%" }, "male": { "text": "25%" }, "female": { "text": "37.1% (2021 est.)" } } }, "Environment": { "Environment - current issues": { "text": "environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation (erosion, salinization), desertification, air pollution, and water pollution" }, "Environment - international agreements": { "party to": { "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling" }, "signed, but not ratified": { "text": "Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation" } }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "53.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 13.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 39.6% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "10.7% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "35.4% (2018 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "92.5% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.09% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Air pollutants": { "particulate matter emissions": { "text": "11.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" }, "carbon dioxide emissions": { "text": "201.35 megatons (2016 est.)" }, "methane emissions": { "text": "120.66 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "17,910,550 tons (2014 est.)" }, "municipal solid waste recycled annually": { "text": "1,074,633 tons (2010 est.)" }, "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { "text": "6% (2010 est.)" } }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { "text": "Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martín (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhué Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km" }, "salt water lake(s)": { "text": "Laguna Mar Chiquita - 1,850 sq km;" } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { "text": "Río de la Plata/Paraná river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Paraná (2,582,704 sq km)" }, "Major aquifers": { "text": "Guaraní Aquifer System" }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "5.85 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "industrial": { "text": "4 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "27.93 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "876.24 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "Argentine Republic" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Argentina" }, "local long form": { "text": "República Argentina" }, "local short form": { "text": "Argentina" }, "etymology": { "text": "originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., \"Land beside the Silvery River\" or \"silvery land,\" which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Río de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or \"silvery\"" } }, "Government type": { "text": "presidential republic" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Buenos Aires" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "34 36 S, 58 22 W" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { "text": "the name translates as \"fair winds\" in Spanish and derives from the original designation of the settlement that would become the present-day city, \"Santa Maria del Buen Aire\" (Saint Mary of the Fair Winds)" } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (Tierra del Fuego - Antarctica and the South Atlantic Islands), Tucuman", "note": "note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica" }, "Independence": { "text": "9 July 1816 (from Spain)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Revolution Day (May Revolution Day), 25 May (1810)" }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853" }, "amendments": { "text": "a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention; amended several times, last significant amendment in 1994" } }, "Legal system": { "text": "civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - in mid-2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, "Citizenship": { "citizenship by birth": { "text": "yes" }, "citizenship by descent only": { "text": "yes" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { "text": "yes" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "2 years" } }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age - optional for national elections" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "President Alberto Ángel FERNÁNDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Alberto Ángel FERNÁNDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held ); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" }, "election results": { "text": "
2019: Alberto Ángel FERNÁNDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNÁNDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%

2015: Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%" } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (72 seats; members directly elected on a provincial basis with 2 seats awarded to the party with the most votes and 1 seat to the party with the second highest number of votes; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)
Chamber of Deputies or Cámara de Diputados (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)" }, "elections": { "text": "
Senate - last held on 14 November 2021 (next to be held 22 October 2023)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 14 November 2021 (next to be held 22 October 2023)" }, "election results": { "text": "


Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FdT 35, JxC 33, other 4; composition (as of February 2022) men 41, women 31, percent of women 43.1%

Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FdT 118, JxC 116, FIT-U 4, other: 19; composition (as of February 2022) - men 142, women 115, percent of women 44.7%; note - total National Congress percent of women 44.4%

" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice president, 2 judges, 1 vacancy)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; ministers can serve until mandatory retirement at age 75; extensions beyond 75 require renomination by the president and approval by the Senate" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "federal level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial level supreme, appellate, and first instance courts" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "

Avanza Libertad or AL [José Luis ESPERT]
Civic Coalition ARI or CC-ARI [Elisa CARRIÓ, Maximiliano FERRARO]
Consenso Federal (Federal Consensus) or CF [Roberto LAVAGNA, Juan Manuel URTUBEY]
Frente Cívico por Santiago (Civic Front for Santiago) [Gerardo ZAMORA]
Frente de Izquierda y de los Trabajadores – Unidad (Workers' Left Front) or FIT-U [Nicolás DEL CAÑO, Miriam BREGMAN] (coalition of leftist parties in lower house; includes PTS, PO, and MST)
Frente de la Concordia Misionero (Front for the Renewal of Social Concord) or FRCS [Carlos Eduardo ROVIRA]
Frente de Todos (Everyone's Front) or FdT [Alberto FERNÁNDEZ] (includes FR, La Campora, and PJ); note - ruling coalition since 2019; includes several national and provincial Peronist political parties
Frente Renovador (Renewal Front) or FR [Sergio MASSA, Pablo MIROLO]
Generación por un Encuentro Nacional (Generation for a National Encounter) or GEN [Margarita STOLBIZER]
Hacemos por Córdoba (We do for Cordoba) or HC [Juan SCHIARETTI]
Juntos por el Cambio (Together for Change) or JxC [Patricia BULLRICH, Horacio Rodríguez LARRETA, Mauricio MACRI] (includes CC-ARI, PRO, and UCR); note - primary opposition coalition since 2019
Juntos Somos Río Negro (Together We Are Rio Negro) or JSRN [Alberto WERETILNECK]   
Justicialist Party or PJ [Alberto Angel FERNÁNDEZ]
La Cámpora [Maximo KIRCHNER]
La Libertad Avanza (The Liberty Advances) or LLA [Javier MILEI]
Movimiento Popular Neuquino (Neuquén People's Movement) or MPN [Omar GUTIÉRREZ]
Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores (Workers' Socialist Movement) or MST [Vilma RIPOLL, Alejandro BODART]
Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas (Socialist Workers' Party) or PTS [Nicolás DEL CAÑO]
Partido Obrero (Workers' Party) or PO [Gabriel SOLANO]
Partido Socialista or PS [Mónica Haydée FEIN]
Propuesta Republicana (Republican Proposal) or PRO [Mauricio MACRI]
Unidad Federal (coalition of provencial parties in the lower house; includes FRCS and JSRN)
Unión Cívica Radical (Radical Civic Union) or UCR [Gerardo Rubén MORALES]
Vamos con Vos (Let's Go with You) or VcV [Florencio RANDAZZO]

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Jorge Martin Arturo ARGUELLO (since 6 February 2020)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 238-6400" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 332-3171" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
eeeuu@mrecic.gov.ar

https://eeeuu.cancilleria.gob.ar/en" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington, DC" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Marc Robert STANLEY (since 24 January 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "
Avenida Colombia 4300, (C1425GMN) Buenos Aires" }, "mailing address": { "text": "3130 Buenos Aires Place, Washington DC  20521-3130" }, "telephone": { "text": "[54] (11) 5777-4533" }, "FAX": { "text": "[54] (11) 5777-4240" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
buenosaires-acs@state.gov

https://ar.usembassy.gov/" } }, "Flag description": { "text": "three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), white, and sky blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face (delineated in brown) known as the Sun of May; the colors represent the clear skies and snow of the Andes; the sun symbol commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May 1810 during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence; the sun features are those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol); national colors: sky blue, white" }, "National anthem": { "name": { "text": "\"Himno Nacional Argentino\" (Argentine National Anthem)" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "Vicente LOPEZ y PLANES/Jose Blas PARERA" }, "note": "note: adopted 1813; Vicente LOPEZ was inspired to write the anthem after watching a play about the 1810 May Revolution against Spain" }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { "text": "11 (6 cultural, 5 natural)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Los Glaciares National Park (n); Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis (c); Iguazú National Park (n); Cueva de las Manos (c); Valdés Península (n); Ischigualasto/Talampaya National Parks (n); Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba (c); Quebrada de Humahuaca (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c)" } } }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { "text": "large diversified economy; financial risks from debt obligations, rapid inflation, and reduced investor appetites; resource-rich, export-led growth model; increasing trade relations with China; G20 and OAS leader; tendency to nationalize businesses and under-report inflation" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$986.134 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$893.251 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$991.876 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { "text": "10.4% (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { "text": "-9.94% (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "-2% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$21,500 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$19,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$22,100 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$447.467 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "25.7% (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { "text": "26.5% (2016 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are derived from private estimates" }, "Credit ratings": { "Fitch rating": { "text": "CCC (2020)" }, "Moody's rating": { "text": "Ca (2020)" }, "Standard & Poors rating": { "text": "CCC+ (2020)" }, "note": "note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)" }, "industry": { "text": "28.1% (2017 est.)" }, "services": { "text": "61.1% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "65.9% (2017 est.)" }, "government consumption": { "text": "18.2% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "14.8% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "11.2% (2017 est.)" }, "imports of goods and services": { "text": "-13.8% (2017 est.)" } }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, milk, barley, sunflower seed, beef, grapes, potatoes" }, "Industries": { "text": "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "15.26% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: based on private sector estimates" }, "Labor force": { "text": "21.206 million (2021 est.)", "note": "note: urban areas only" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { "text": "5.3%" }, "industry": { "text": "28.6%" }, "services": { "text": "66.1% (2017 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2021": { "text": "10.9% (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2020": { "text": "11.46% (2020 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "9.84% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "29.9%" }, "male": { "text": "25%" }, "female": { "text": "37.1% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "35.5% (2019 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { "text": "42.3 (2020 est.)" } }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "28.3% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" }, "on alcohol and tobacco": { "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2018 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "1.8%" }, "highest 10%": { "text": "31% (2017 est.)" } }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$150.823 billion (2019 est.)" }, "expenditures": { "text": "$170.725 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "57.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt 2016": { "text": "55% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "10.87% (of GDP) (2020 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2021": { "text": "$6.708 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2020": { "text": "$3.121 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2019": { "text": "-$3.492 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2021": { "text": "$87.415 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Exports 2020": { "text": "$64.431 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$79.964 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 16%, China 11%, United States 7%, Chile 5% (2019)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "corn, soybean products, delivery trucks, wheat, beef, gold (2021)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { "text": "$72.362 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2020": { "text": "$52.339 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$66.574 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" } }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 21%, China 18%, US 14%, Germany 6% (2019)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts, natural gas, soybeans (2019)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { "text": "$39.653 billion (31 December 2021 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { "text": "$39.404 billion (31 December 2020 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { "text": "$44.881 billion (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 2019": { "text": "$278.524 billion (2019 est.)" }, "Debt - external 2018": { "text": "$261.949 billion (2018 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2021": { "text": "94.991 (2021 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "70.539 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { "text": "48.148 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "28.095 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "16.563 (2017 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { "text": "100% (2021)" } }, "Electricity": { "installed generating capacity": { "text": "44.731 million kW (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "121,563,940,000 kWh (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "261 million kWh (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "7.802 billion kWh (2020 est.)" }, "transmission/distribution losses": { "text": "20.74 billion kWh (2020 est.)" } }, "Electricity generation sources": { "fossil fuels": { "text": "65.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "nuclear": { "text": "7.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "solar": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "wind": { "text": "6.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "hydroelectricity": { "text": "17.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "tide and wave": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "geothermal": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "biomass and waste": { "text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, "Nuclear energy": { "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { "text": "3 (2023)" }, "Number of nuclear reactors under construction": { "text": "1" }, "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { "text": "1.64GW (2023)" }, "Percent of total electricity production": { "text": "7.2% (2021)" }, "Percent of total energy produced": { "text": "3.6% (2021)" }, "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { "text": "0" } }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "829,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "1.55 million metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "4,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "990,000 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "500 million metric tons (2019 est.)" } }, "Petroleum": { "total petroleum production": { "text": "690,200 bbl/day (2021 est.)" }, "refined petroleum consumption": { "text": "680,000 bbl/day (2019 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate exports": { "text": "59,100 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate imports": { "text": "11,400 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil estimated reserves": { "text": "2,482,700,000 barrels (2021 est.)" } }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "669,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "58,360 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "121,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Natural gas": { "production": { "text": "41,194,148,000 cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "49,476,585,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "691.241 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "6,865,323,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "396.464 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)" } }, "Carbon dioxide emissions": { "total emissions": { "text": "193.205 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from coal and metallurgical coke": { "text": "2.122 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from petroleum and other liquids": { "text": "94.208 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from consumed natural gas": { "text": "96.875 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Energy consumption per capita": { "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": { "text": "79.083 million Btu/person (2019 est.)" } } }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "6,903,068 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "15 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "59,065,827 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "130 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { "text": "Argentina’s ongoing problem with hyperinflation continues to distort the telecom market’s performance, which shows strong growth in revenue but only modest gains in subscriber numbers each year; the fixed broadband segment has penetration levels only slightly higher than the fixed-line teledensity; nearly a quarter of the country’s broadband connections are via DSL, although fiber is starting claim an increasing share of that market as networks expand across most of the main cities; mobile broadband continues to be the preferred platform for internet access, supported by high mobile penetration levels and nationwide LTE coverage; the first 5G service was launched in February 2021 using refarmed LTE frequencies; the anticipated 5G spectrum auctions should drive even stronger uptake in mobile broadband services; while the various fixed, mobile, and cable operators push to expand and enhance their services, the government is also making an active contribution towards boosting broadband connectivity around the country; its national connectivity plan ‘Plan Conectar’, launched in September 2020, provides funding for a range of programs to increase coverage; in August 2021, the telecom regulator announced the release funding to help operators accelerate the rollout of their broadband infrastructure and services (2021)" }, "domestic": { "text": "roughly 15 per 100 fixed-line and 130 per 100 mobile-cellular; microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 54; landing points for the UNISUR, Bicentenario, Atlantis-2, SAm-1, and SAC, Tannat, Malbec and ARBR submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 112 (2019)" } }, "Broadcast media": { "text": "government owns a TV station and radio network; more than two dozen TV stations and hundreds of privately owned radio stations; high rate of cable TV subscription usage (2022)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".ar" }, "Internet users": { "total": { "text": "39.15 million (2021 est.)" }, "percent of population": { "text": "87% (2021 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { "text": "9,571,562 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "21 (2020 est.)" } } }, "Transportation": { "National air transport system": { "number of registered air carriers": { "text": "6 (2020)" }, "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": { "text": "107" }, "annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers": { "text": "18,081,937 (2018)" }, "annual freight traffic on registered air carriers": { "text": "311.57 million (2018) mt-km" } }, "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { "text": "LV" }, "Airports": { "text": "916 (2021)" }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { "text": "161" }, "civil airports": { "text": "15" }, "military airports": { "text": "5" }, "joint use (civil-military) airports": { "text": "16" }, "other airports": { "text": "125" }, "note": "note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)" }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "text": "977", "note": "note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control" }, "Heliports": { "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Pipelines": { "text": "29,930 km gas, 41 km liquid petroleum gas, 6,248 km oil, 3,631 km refined products (2013)" }, "Railways": { "total": { "text": "17,866 km (2018)" } }, "Roadways": { "total": { "text": "281,290 km (2017)" }, "paved": { "text": "117,616 km (2017)" }, "unpaved": { "text": "163,674 km (2017)" } }, "Waterways": { "text": "11,000 km (2012)" }, "Merchant marine": { "total": { "text": "203" }, "by type": { "text": "container ship 1, bulk carrier 1 general cargo 8, oil tanker 33, other 160 (2022)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { "text": "Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Ushuaia" }, "container port(s) (TEUs)": { "text": "Buenos Aires (1,446,452) (2021)" }, "LNG terminal(s) (import)": { "text": "Bahia Blanca" }, "river port(s)": { "text": "Arroyo Seco, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana)" } }, "Transportation - note": { "text": "Argentina operates one PC 5 or 6 class light icebreaker
note - PC indicates a Polar Class vessel: PC 5 - year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 70-120 cm); PC 6 - summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions (ice thickness up to 30-70 cm)" } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic (Fuerzas Armadas de la República Argentina): Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino, EA), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica, ARA; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA); Ministry of Security: Gendarmería Nacional Argentina (National Gendarmerie), Coast Guard (Prefectura Naval) (2023)", "note": "note: all federal police forces are under the Ministry of Security" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { "text": "0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2021": { "text": "0.8% of GDP (2021)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "0.8% of GDP (2018)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "approximately 82,000 active duty personnel (50,000 Army; 18,000 Navy, including about 3,500 marines); 14,000 Air Force); estimated 20,000 Gendarmerie (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of Argentina's armed forces is a mix of domestically-produced and mostly older imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; in recent years, France and the US have been the leading suppliers of equipment; Argentina has an indigenous defense industry that produces air, land, and naval systems (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription suspended in 1995; citizens can still be drafted in times of crisis, national emergency, or war, or if the Defense Ministry is unable to fill all vacancies to keep the military functional (2023)", "note": "note - as of 2021, women comprised over 21% of the active duty military" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "225 Cyprus (UNFICYP) (2023)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "the Argentine military’s primary responsibilities are territorial defense and protecting the country’s sovereignty, but its duties also include border security, countering narcotics trafficking, and other internal missions, such as disaster response and infrastructure development; it also conducts support operations in Antarctica to promote an active presence in areas of national territory that are sparsely populated; the military participates in both bilateral and multinational training exercises and supports UN peacekeeping operations; the Army’s primary combat units include a rapid deployment division with airborne, mechanized infantry, and special forces brigades, a combined armored and jungle warfare division, a mountain infantry division, and a mechanized division; the Navy’s principal warships are approximately 15 frigates, corvettes, and ocean-going patrol ships, as well as 2 attack submarines, although they are not operational; both the Army and Navy have helicopter aviation components; the Air Force has a few dozen combat aircraft, as well as multipurpose helicopters and support aircraft, such as tankers and transports

Argentina participates in the Tripartite Command, an interagency security mechanism created by Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to exchange information and combat transnational threats, including terrorism, in the Tri-Border Area; in addition, Argentina and Chile have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force (FPC), designed to be made available to the UN; the FPC is made up of two battalions, one from each country, a command and service company, an air component (a squadron of Argentine and Chilean helicopters), a naval component, and a combined logistics support unit; Argentina has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Army and Navy were both created in 1810 during the Argentine War of Independence, while the Air Force was established in 1945; the military conducted coups d'état in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976; the 1976 coup, aka the \"National Reorganization Process,\" marked the beginning of the so-called \"Dirty War,\" a period of state-sponsored terrorism that saw the deaths or disappearances of thousands of Argentinians; the defeat in the 1983 Falklands War led to the downfall of the military junta (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "Hizballah", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "

Argentina-Bolivia: Contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia

Argentina-Brazil: Uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question.

Argentina-Chile: The joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur).

Argentina-Paraguay: None identified

Argentina-Uruguay: In 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime. Isla de Martín Garcia situated in the Rio de la Plata estuary is wholly within Uruguayan territorial waters but up to its low tide mark, the island is Argentinian territory.  The island is accorded unrestricted access rights.

Argentina-United Kingdom: Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks.

" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { "text": "220,495 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

counterfeiting, drug trafficking, and other smuggling offenses in the Tri-Border area; some money laundering organizations in the TBA have may have links to the terrorist organization Hizballah; a large producer of chemical precursors

" } } }