{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "<p>The Moorish invasion of Spain in the 8th century and subsequent incursions into France were finally stemmed at the Pyrenees by Frankish King Charlemagne, who in 795 created the Hispanic March, a series of buffer states to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. The landlocked Principality of Andorra, one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders, is the last independent survivor of these March states. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique coprincipality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.</p> <p>Andorra has become a popular tourist destination visited by approximately 8 million people each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of its effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment, and engaged in other reforms, such as advancing tax initiatives aimed at supporting a broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements and uses the euro as its national currency.</p>"
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "42 30 N, 1 30 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Europe"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "468 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "468 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "118 km"
      },
      "border countries": {
        "text": "France 55 km; Spain 63 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "text": "none (landlocked)"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Riu Runer 840 m"
      },
      "mean elevation": {
        "text": "1,996 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "40% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "34% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "26% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "0 sq km (2022)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "avalanches"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "85,468 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Andorran(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Andorran"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Andorran 48.3%, Spanish 24.8%, Portuguese 11.2%, French 4.5%, Argentine 1.4%, other 9.8% (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by nationality"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "Catalan (official) 35.7%, Castilian 43.2%, Portuguese 17.1%, French 8.9%, English 1.8%, other 5% (2018 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent mother tongue"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 89.5, other 8.8%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "12.31% (male 5,426/female 5,096)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "68.17% (male 29,845/female 28,419)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "19.52% (2023 est.) (male 8,471/female 8,211)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "38.1"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "18.1"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "20.1"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "5 (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "46.2 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "46.3 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "46.1 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.11% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "6.87 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7.98 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "87.8% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.05 male(s)/female (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Mother's mean age at first birth": {
      "text": "32.8 years (2019)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3.39 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "3.49 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "3.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "83.61 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "81.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "85.97 years (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.7 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "9.1% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "3.63 physicians/1,000 population (2015)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "2.5 beds/1,000 population"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 100% of population"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 100% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 0% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "25.6% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "10.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "3.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "4.98 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "2.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Tobacco use": {
      "total": {
        "text": "31.8% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "35.3% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "28.3% (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "2.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "100%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "100%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "100% (2016)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "40% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "34% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "26% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "87.8% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "9.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.47 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.05 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "43,000 tons (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "320 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "Principality of Andorra"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Andorra"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "Principat d'Andorra"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Andorra"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the origin of the country's name is obscure; the name may derive from the Arabic \"ad-darra\" meaning \"the forest,\" a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century; an alternate explanation is that the name originates from a Navarrese word \"andurrial\" meaning \"shrub-covered land\""
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Andorra la Vella"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "42 30 N, 1 31 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"
      },
      "daylight saving time": {
        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "translates as \"Andorra the Old\" in Catalan"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "no"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "25 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAURI (since 20 July 2012)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Xavier Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Executive Council of 12 ministers designated by the head of government"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; election last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "<em><br>2023: </em>Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) re-elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%<em><br>2019:</em>  Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in two-seat constituencies (7 parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - DA 57.1%, Concord 17.8%, Forward 10.7%, SDP 10.7%, L'A 3.6%; seats by party - DA 16, Concord 5, Forward 3, SDP 3, L'A 1; composition - men 15, women 13, percent of women 46.4%"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the coprinces and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Concord [Cerni ESCALE Cabre]<br>Democrats for Andorra or DA [Xaviar ESPOT ZAMORA]<br>Forward Andorra [Carine Montaner RAYNAUD]<br>Liberals of Andorra or L'A [Joseph Maria CABANES]<br>Social Democracy and Progress or SDP [Pere Lopez AGRAS]",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Elisenda VIVES BALMANA (since 2 March 2016)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 750-8064"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (212) 750-6630"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>contact@andorraun.org<br><br>https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Espana; telephone: [34] (93) 280-22-27; FAX: [34] (93) 280-61-75; email address: Barcelonaacs@state.gov"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other 2 so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "red cow (breed unspecified); national colors: blue, yellow, red"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"El Gran Carlemany\" (The Great Charlemagne)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first person narrative"
    },
    "National heritage": {
      "total World Heritage Sites": {
        "text": "&nbsp;1 (cultural)"
      },
      "selected World Heritage Site locales": {
        "text": "Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley"
      }
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "high GDP; low unemployment; non-EU Euro user; co-principality duty-free area between Spain and France; tourist hub but hit hard by COVID-19; modern, non-tax haven financial sector; looking for big tech investments; new member of SEPA and IMF"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": {
        "text": "$3.327 billion (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": {
        "text": "$3.363 billion (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": {
        "text": "$3.273 billion (2013 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2012 US dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "8.95% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
        "text": "-11.18% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
        "text": "2.02% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2015": {
        "text": "$49,900 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2014": {
        "text": "$51,300 (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2013": {
        "text": "$50,300 (2013 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$2.712 billion (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": {
        "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": {
        "text": "-0.1% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Fitch rating": {
        "text": "BBB+ (2018)"
      },
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "BBB (2017)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "11.9% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "33.6% (2015 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "54.5% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco, sheep, cattle"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "-3.9% (2020 est.) NA"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "39,750 (2016)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "0.5%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "4.4%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "95.1% (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2016": {
        "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2015": {
        "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$1.872 billion (2016)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$2.06 billion (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-6.9% (of GDP) (2016)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2014": {
        "text": "41% of GDP (2014 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2013": {
        "text": "41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "69% (of GDP) (2016)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2020": {
        "text": "$448.869 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2019": {
        "text": "$568.257 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$1.842 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$2.335 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports."
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Spain 40%, France 19%, United States 11%, Mauritania 5% (2019)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "integrated circuits, dental fitting supplies, cars, gold, essential oils (2021)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$1.727 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$2.032 billion (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Spain 71%, France 17% (2019)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "cars, refined petroleum, perfumes, shaving products, liquors (2019)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 2016": {
        "text": "$0 (2016)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2016": {
        "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2015": {
        "text": "0.921 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2014": {
        "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2016)"
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "50,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "63 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "89,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "110 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Andorra has a modern telecommunications system with microwave radio relay connections between the exchanges and land line circuits to France and Spain (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "about 63 per 100 fixed-line, 110 per 100 mobile-cellular (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain; modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels available (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".ad"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "74,260 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "94% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "37,000 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "48 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "C3"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "320 km (2019)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; Police Corps of Andorra (under the Ministry of Justice and Interior)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of France and Spain"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p><em>Andorra-France:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Andorra-Spain:</em> none identified</p>"
    }
  }
}