{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Resistance by native Caribs prevented colonization on Saint Vincent until 1719. Disputed by France and the UK for most of the 18th century, the island was ceded to Britain in 1783. The British prized Saint Vincent due to its fertile soil, which allowed for thriving slave-run plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton, and cocoa. In 1834, the British abolished slavery. Immigration of indentured servants eased the ensuing labor shortage, as did subsequent Portuguese immigrants from Madeira and East Indian laborers. Conditions remained harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, however, as depressed world sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the early 1900s. The economy then went into a period of decline with many landowners abandoning their estates and leaving the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a separate administrative unit of the Federation of the West Indies. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979. In April 2021, the explosive eruption of the La Soufrière volcano in the north of Saint Vincent destroyed much of Saint Vincent’s most productive agricultural lands. Unlike most of its tourism-dependent neighbors, the Vincentian economy is primarily agricultural. The US provided $4.7 million in humanitarian support after the eruption."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "13 15 N, 61 12 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "389 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "84 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "contiguous zone": {
        "text": "24 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      },
      "continental shelf": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "volcanic, mountainous"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "La Soufriere 1,234 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "hydropower, arable land"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "25.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 12.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "68.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "5.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "10 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "<p>hurricanes; La Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> La Soufriere (1,234 m) on the island of Saint Vincent last erupted in 1979; the island of Saint Vincent is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south</p>"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "100,804 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Saint Vincentian or Vincentian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 71.2%, mixed 23%, Indigenous 3%, East Indian/Indian 1.1%, European 1.5%, other 0.2% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English, Vincentian Creole English, French patois"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 75% (Pentecostal 27.6%, Anglican 13.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.6%,&nbsp; Baptist 8.9%, Methodist 8.7%, Evangelical 3.8%, Salvation Army 0.3%, Presbyterian/Congregational 0.3%), Roman Catholic 6.3%,&nbsp; Rastafarian 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, other 4.7%, none 7.5%, unspecified 4.7% (2012 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "19.05% (male 9,687/female 9,515)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "68.55% (male 35,621/female 33,478)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "12.4% (2023 est.) (male 6,021/female 6,482)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "49"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "32.9"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "16.1"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "6.2 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "35.3 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "35.4 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "35.1 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "-0.16% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "12.09 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-6.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "54.3% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "27,000 KINGSTOWN (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.02 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.93 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "62 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "12.59 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14.23 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "10.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76.93 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "74.9 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "79.03 years (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.86 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 95.1% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 4.9% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "4.8% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "0.66 physicians/1,000 population (2012)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "4.3 beds/1,000 population (2016)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 90.2% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 9.8% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "23.7% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "7.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "4.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "53.3% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "5.7% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "14 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "15 years (2015)"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "41.1%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "39.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "43.9% (2021 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive; poor land use planning; deforestation; watershed management and squatter settlement control"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "25.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 12.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 7.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 5.1% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "68.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "5.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "54.3% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "21.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "0.09 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "31,561 tons (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "2,000 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "100 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "Saint Vincent was named by explorer Christopher COLUMBUS after Saint VINCENT of Saragossa because the 22 January 1498 day of discovery was the saint's feast day"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Kingstown"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "13 08 N, 61 13 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "an earlier French settlement was renamed Kingstown by the British in 1763 when they assumed control of the island; the king referred to in the name is GEORGE III (r. 1760-1820)"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "27 October 1979 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1979)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1969, 1975; latest drafted 26 July 1979, effective 27 October 1979 (The Saint Vincent Constitution Order 1979)"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections on fundamental rights and freedoms, citizen protections, various government functions and authorities, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum of at least two thirds of the votes cast, and assent of the governor general"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "English common law"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "7 years"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Susan DOUGAN (since 1 August 2019)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Ralph E. GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (23 seats; 15 representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 6 senators appointed by the governor general, and 2 ex officio members - the speaker of the house and the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "last held on 5 November 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "percent of vote by party - ULP 49.58%, NDP 50.34%, other 0.8%; seats by party - ULP 9, NDP 6"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "magistrates' courts"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "New Democratic Party or NDP [Dr. Godwin L. FRIDAY]<br>SVG Green Party or SVGP [Ivan O'NEAL]<br>Unity Labor Party or ULP [Dr. Ralph GONSALVES] (formed in 1994 by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Lou-Anne Gaylene GILCHRIST (since 18 January 2017)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1627 K Street, NW, Suite 704, Washington, DC 20006"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 364-6730"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 364-6736"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>mail@embsvg.com<br><br>http://wa.embassy.gov.vc/washington/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern, which stands for Vincent; the diamonds recall the islands as \"the Gems of the Antilles\" and are set slightly lowered in the gold band to reflect the nation's position in the Antilles; blue conveys the colors of a tropical sky and crystal waters, yellow signifies the golden Grenadine sands, and green represents lush vegetation"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Saint Vincent parrot; national colors: blue, gold, green"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"St. Vincent! Land So Beautiful!\""
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Phyllis Joyce MCCLEAN PUNNETT/Joel Bertram MIGUEL"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1967"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "upper middle-income Caribbean island economy; key agriculture and tourism sectors; environmentally fragile; diversifying economy across services, science and knowledge, and creative industries; CARICOM member and US Caribbean Basin Initiative beneficiary"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$1.429 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
        "text": "$1.41 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$1.489 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "1.35% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
        "text": "-5.31% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
        "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$13,700 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
        "text": "$13,500 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$14,200 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$785 million (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "1.57% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
        "text": "-0.63% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
        "text": "0.91% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Moody's rating": {
        "text": "B3 (2014)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "7.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17.4% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "75.5% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "87.3% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "16.6% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "37.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-51.7% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "bananas, sugar cane, roots/tubers, plantains, vegetables, fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, mangoes/guavas"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "5.7% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "51,700 (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "26%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "17%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "57% (1980 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "21.62% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2020": {
        "text": "21% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2019": {
        "text": "19.28% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "41.1%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "39.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "43.9% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$243 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$288 million (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "23.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$211.643 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2020": {
        "text": "-$131.46 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2019": {
        "text": "-$27.903 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$125.777 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      },
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$188.834 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$327.51 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "Netherlands 45%, India 9%, United States 6%, Barbados 5%, Greece 5% (2021)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "recreational boats, drilling platforms, cargo ships, wheat flours, animal food, collector's items (2021)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$415.725 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      },
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$373.621 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$425.28 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 29%, Netherlands 15%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, China 8%, France 5% (2021)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "dredger ships, refined petroleum, floating docks, aircraft, poultry, packaged medicines (2021)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
        "text": "$311.903 million (31 December 2021 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
        "text": "$205.195 million (31 December 2020 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
        "text": "$193.357 million (31 December 2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
        "text": "$362.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
        "text": "$330.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2018": {
        "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "49,000 kW (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "133.917 million kWh (2019 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "11.083 million kWh (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "73.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "nuclear": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "0.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "25.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "tide and wave": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "geothermal": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2021 est.)"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "1,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate exports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate imports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil estimated reserves": {
        "text": "0 barrels (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "1,621 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "202,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "202,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": {
        "text": "27.821 million Btu/person (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "11,385 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "11 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "114,892 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "110 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "adequate island-wide, fully automatic telephone system; broadband access; expanded FttP (Fiber to the Home) markets; LTE launches; regulatory development; telecom sector contributes greatly to the overall GDP; telecom sector is a growth area (2020)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line teledensity is 11 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is 110 per 100 persons (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-784;&nbsp;landing points for the ECFS, CARCIP&nbsp;and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to US and Caribbean Islands; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".vc"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "85,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "85% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "24,733 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "22 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "National air transport system": {
      "number of registered air carriers": {
        "text": "2 (2020)"
      },
      "inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers": {
        "text": "11"
      }
    },
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "J8"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "6 (2021)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "text": "5",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "text": "1",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "832"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "bulk carrier 32, container ship 17, general cargo 148, oil tanker 14, other 621 (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Kingstown"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (RSVPF; includes the Coast Guard, Special Services Unit, Rapid Response Unit, Drug Squad, and Anti-Trafficking Unit) (2023)",
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>the RSVPF is the only security force in the country and is responsible for maintaining internal security; it reports to the minister of national security, a portfolio held by the prime minister"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "the country has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Saint Lucia) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p><em>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Venezuela</em>: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
    }
  }
}