{ "Introduction": { "Background": { "text": "The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries and burgeoning sugar industry, was contested by England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814 and became part of the British Windward Islands colony. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. In the mid-20th century, Saint Lucia joined the West Indies Federation (1958–1962) and in 1967 became one of the six members of the West Indies Associated States, with internal self-government. In 1979, Saint Lucia gained full independence." } }, "Geography": { "Location": { "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" }, "Geographic coordinates": { "text": "13 53 N, 60 58 W" }, "Map references": { "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" }, "Area": { "total": { "text": "616 sq km" }, "land": { "text": "606 sq km" }, "water": { "text": "10 sq km" } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "three and a half times the size of Washington, DC" }, "Land boundaries": { "total": { "text": "0 km" } }, "Coastline": { "text": "158 km" }, "Maritime claims": { "territorial sea": { "text": "12 nm" }, "contiguous zone": { "text": "24 nm" }, "exclusive economic zone": { "text": "200 nm" }, "continental shelf": { "text": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" } }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August" }, "Terrain": { "text": "volcanic and mountainous with broad, fertile valleys" }, "Elevation": { "highest point": { "text": "Mount Gimie 948 m" }, "lowest point": { "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m" } }, "Natural resources": { "text": "forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "17.4% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 11.5% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "77% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "5.6% (2018 est.)" } }, "Irrigated land": { "text": "30 sq km (2012)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries" }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "

hurricanes

volcanism: Mount Gimie (948 m), also known as Qualibou, is a caldera on the west of the island; the iconic twin pyramidal peaks of Gros Piton (771 m) and Petit Piton (743 m) are lava dome remnants associated with the Soufriere volcano; there have been no historical magmatic eruptions, but a minor steam eruption in 1766 spread a thin layer of ash over a wide area; Saint Lucia is part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south

" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "167,591 (2023 est.)" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { "text": "Saint Lucian(s)" }, "adjective": { "text": "Saint Lucian" } }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Black/African descent 85.3%, mixed 10.9%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official), Saint Lucian Creole" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 61.5%, Protestant 25.5% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 10.4%, Pentecostal 8.9%, Baptist 2.2%, Anglican 1.6%, Church of God 1.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Evangelical 2.3% and Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), Rastafarian 1.9%, other 0.4%, none 5.9%, unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { "text": "18.23% (male 15,734/female 14,820)" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "66.97% (male 54,354/female 57,880)" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "14.8% (2023 est.) (male 11,257/female 13,546)" } }, "Dependency ratios": { "total dependency ratio": { "text": "37.7" }, "youth dependency ratio": { "text": "25.2" }, "elderly dependency ratio": { "text": "12.5" }, "potential support ratio": { "text": "8 (2021 est.)" } }, "Median age": { "total": { "text": "36.9 years" }, "male": { "text": "35.7 years" }, "female": { "text": "38 years (2020 est.)" } }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.27% (2023 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.73 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.17 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries" }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "19.2% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "22,000 CASTRIES (capital) (2018)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" }, "0-14 years": { "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" }, "15-64 years": { "text": "0.94 male(s)/female" }, "65 years and over": { "text": "0.83 male(s)/female" }, "total population": { "text": "0.94 male(s)/female (2023 est.)" } }, "Maternal mortality ratio": { "text": "73 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, "Infant mortality rate": { "total": { "text": "11.75 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "male": { "text": "11.03 deaths/1,000 live births" }, "female": { "text": "12.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)" } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { "text": "79.18 years" }, "male": { "text": "76.46 years" }, "female": { "text": "82.06 years (2023 est.)" } }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.72 children born/woman (2023 est.)" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "0.84 (2023 est.)" }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "55.5% (2011/12)" }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.4% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 98.5% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98.7% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 0.6% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 1.5% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 1.3% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Current health expenditure": { "text": "6.7% of GDP (2020)" }, "Physicians density": { "text": "0.64 physicians/1,000 population (2017)" }, "Hospital bed density": { "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2017)" }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 97.6% of population" }, "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 92.9% of population" }, "improved: total": { "text": "total: 93.8% of population" }, "unimproved: urban": { "text": "urban: 2.4% of population" }, "unimproved: rural": { "text": "rural: 7.1% of population" }, "unimproved: total": { "text": "total: 6.2% of population (2020 est.)" } }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.7% (2016)" }, "Alcohol consumption per capita": { "total": { "text": "9.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "beer": { "text": "3.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "wine": { "text": "0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "spirits": { "text": "5.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" }, "other alcohols": { "text": "0.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" } }, "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { "text": "2.8% (2012)" }, "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { "text": "53.6% (2023 est.)" }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Literacy": { "total population": { "text": "NA" }, "male": { "text": "NA" }, "female": { "text": "NA" } }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { "text": "13 years" }, "male": { "text": "12 years" }, "female": { "text": "13 years (2020)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "38.7%" }, "male": { "text": "41%" }, "female": { "text": "36.2% (2021 est.)" } } }, "Environment": { "Environment - current issues": { "text": "deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region" }, "Environment - international agreements": { "party to": { "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling" }, "signed, but not ratified": { "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { "text": "17.4% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: arable land": { "text": "arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent crops": { "text": "permanent crops: 11.5% (2018 est.)" }, "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { "text": "permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est.)" }, "forest": { "text": "77% (2018 est.)" }, "other": { "text": "5.6% (2018 est.)" } }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "19.2% of total population (2023)" }, "rate of urbanization": { "text": "0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Air pollutants": { "particulate matter emissions": { "text": "21.22 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" }, "carbon dioxide emissions": { "text": "0.41 megatons (2016 est.)" }, "methane emissions": { "text": "0.27 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "77,616 tons (2015 est.)" } }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" }, "industrial": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "300 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" } }, "Government": { "Country name": { "conventional long form": { "text": "none" }, "conventional short form": { "text": "Saint Lucia" }, "etymology": { "text": "named after Saint LUCY of Syracuse by French sailors who were shipwrecked on the island on 13 December 1502, the saint's feast day; Saint Lucia is the only country named specifically after a woman" }, "note": "note: pronounced saynt-looshuh" }, "Government type": { "text": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm" }, "Capital": { "name": { "text": "Castries" }, "geographic coordinates": { "text": "14 00 N, 61 00 W" }, "time difference": { "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" }, "etymology": { "text": "in 1785, the village of Carenage was renamed Castries, after Charles Eugene Gabriel de La Croix de CASTRIES (1727-1801), who was then the French Minister of the Navy and Colonies" } }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort" }, "Independence": { "text": "22 February 1979 (from the UK)" }, "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 22 February (1979)" }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1958, 1960 (preindependence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Assembly membership in the final reading and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to various constitutional sections, such as those on fundamental rights and freedoms, government finances, the judiciary, and procedures for amending the constitution, require at least three-quarters majority vote by the House and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments approved by the House but rejected by the Senate require a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2008" } }, "Legal system": { "text": "English common law" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, "Citizenship": { "citizenship by birth": { "text": "yes" }, "citizenship by descent only": { "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Saint Lucia" }, "dual citizenship recognized": { "text": "yes" }, "residency requirement for naturalization": { "text": "8 years" } }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Acting Governor General Errol CHARLES (since 11 November 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Philip J. PIERRE (since 28 July 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general" } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { "text": "bicameral Houses of Parliament consists of:
Senate (11 seats; all members appointed by the governor general; 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 upon consultation with religious, economic, and social groups; members serve 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (18 seats; 17 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and the speaker, designated from outside the Parliament; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "Senate - last appointments on 17 August 2021 (next in 2026)
House of Assembly - last held on 26 July 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5%
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 50.1%, UWP 42.9%, other o.3%, independent 6.6%; seats by party - SLP 13, UWP 2, independent 2; composition (including the speaker) - men 16, women 2, percent of women 11.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.1%" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { "text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states with 4 on Saint Lucia; Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "magistrate's court" } }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Philip J. PIERRE]
United Workers Party or UWP [Allen M. CHASTANET]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { "text": "Ambassador Elizabeth DARIUS-CLARKE (since 7 June 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1629 K Street NW, Suite 1250, Washington, DC 20006" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (202) 364-6792" }, "FAX": { "text": "[1] (202) 364-6723" }, "email address and website": { "text": "
embassydc@gosl.gov.lc

https://www.embassyofstlucia.org/" }, "consulate(s) general": { "text": "New York" } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia" } }, "Flag description": { "text": "cerulean blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border; the blue color represents the sky and sea, gold stands for sunshine and prosperity, and white and black the racial composition of the island (with the latter being dominant); the two major triangles invoke the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), cone-shaped volcanic plugs that are a symbol of the island" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "twin pitons (volcanic peaks), Saint Lucia parrot; national colors: cerulean blue, gold, black, white" }, "National anthem": { "name": { "text": "\"Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia\"" }, "lyrics/music": { "text": "Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS" }, "note": "note: adopted 1967" }, "National heritage": { "total World Heritage Sites": { "text": "1 (natural)" }, "selected World Heritage Site locales": { "text": "Pitons Management Area" } } }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { "text": "upper middle-income, tourism-based Caribbean island economy; environmentally fragile; energy import-dependent; major banana producer; well-educated labor force; key infrastructure, IT, and communications investments" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { "text": "$2.344 billion (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": { "text": "$2.088 billion (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$2.761 billion (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2021": { "text": "12.23% (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { "text": "-24.36% (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "-0.65% (2019 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2021": { "text": "$13,000 (2021 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2020": { "text": "$11,700 (2020 est.)" }, "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$15,500 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.686 billion (2017 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": { "text": "2.41% (2021 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { "text": "-1.76% (2020 est.)" }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.54% (2019 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" }, "industry": { "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" }, "services": { "text": "82.8% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.1% (2017 est.)" }, "government consumption": { "text": "11.2% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in fixed capital": { "text": "16.9% (2017 est.)" }, "investment in inventories": { "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" }, "exports of goods and services": { "text": "62.7% (2017 est.)" }, "imports of goods and services": { "text": "-56.9% (2017 est.)" } }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "bananas, coconuts, fruit, tropical fruit, plantains, roots/tubers, cassava, poultry, vegetables, mangoes/guavas" }, "Industries": { "text": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing" }, "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "10.8% (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force": { "text": "99,900 (2021 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { "text": "21.7%" }, "industry": { "text": "24.7%" }, "services": { "text": "53.6% (2002 est.)" } }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2021": { "text": "16.91% (2021 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2020": { "text": "16.89% (2020 est.)" }, "Unemployment rate 2019": { "text": "15.32% (2019 est.)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "38.7%" }, "male": { "text": "41%" }, "female": { "text": "36.2% (2021 est.)" } }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25% (2016 est.)" }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "51.2 (2016 est.)" } }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { "text": "NA" }, "highest 10%": { "text": "NA" } }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$350 million (2020 est.)" }, "expenditures": { "text": "$516 million (2020 est.)" } }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "70.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Public debt 2016": { "text": "69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "18.24% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2021": { "text": "-$2.289 million (2021 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2020": { "text": "-$237.61 million (2020 est.)" }, "Current account balance 2019": { "text": "$119.6 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports": { "Exports 2021": { "text": "$890.724 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Exports 2020": { "text": "$445.965 million (2020 est.)" }, "Exports 2019": { "text": "$1.209 billion (2019 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 98% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, fertilizers, refined petroleum, polymers, aluminum (2021)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { "text": "$846.484 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars" }, "Imports 2020": { "text": "$672.769 million (2020 est.)" }, "Imports 2019": { "text": "$968.174 million (2019 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 64%, United States 14%, Russia 8%, Colombia 7%, Trinidad and Tobago 2% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, poultry, sugar, refined petroleum, soybeans, beef, corn, wheat (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { "text": "$433.117 million (31 December 2021 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": { "text": "$231.361 million (31 December 2020 est.)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": { "text": "$260.87 million (31 December 2019 est.)" } }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 31 December 2017": { "text": "$570.6 million (31 December 2017 est.)" }, "Debt - external 31 December 2015": { "text": "$529 million (31 December 2015 est.)" } }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, "Exchange rates 2021": { "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2018": { "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2017": { "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" } } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { "text": "100% (2021)" } }, "Electricity": { "installed generating capacity": { "text": "92,000 kW (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "322.506 million kWh (2019 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)" }, "transmission/distribution losses": { "text": "27.568 million kWh (2019 est.)" } }, "Electricity generation sources": { "fossil fuels": { "text": "99.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "nuclear": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "solar": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "wind": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "hydroelectricity": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "tide and wave": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "geothermal": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" }, "biomass and waste": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)" } }, "Coal": { "production": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)" } }, "Petroleum": { "total petroleum production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2021 est.)" }, "refined petroleum consumption": { "text": "4,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil and lease condensate imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "crude oil estimated reserves": { "text": "0 barrels (2021 est.)" } }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "3,113 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Natural gas": { "production": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "consumption": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "exports": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "imports": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" }, "proven reserves": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)" } }, "Carbon dioxide emissions": { "total emissions": { "text": "659,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from coal and metallurgical coke": { "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from petroleum and other liquids": { "text": "659,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" }, "from consumed natural gas": { "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)" } }, "Energy consumption per capita": { "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": { "text": "50.872 million Btu/person (2019 est.)" } } }, "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "14,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "8 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { "text": "170,000 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "96 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { "text": "an adequate system that is automatically switched; good interisland and international connections; broadband access; expanded FttP (Fiber to the Home) and LTE markets; regulatory development; telecom sector contributes to the overall GDP; telecom sector is a growth area (2020)" }, "domestic": { "text": "fixed-line teledensity is 8 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 96 per 100 persons (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 1-758; landing points for the ECFS and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables providing connectivity to numerous Caribbean islands; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2019)" } }, "Broadcast media": { "text": "3 privately owned TV stations; 1 public TV station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable TV service available; a mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater transmission stations (2019)" }, "Internet country code": { "text": ".lc" }, "Internet users": { "total": { "text": "140,400 (2021 est.)" }, "percent of population": { "text": "78% (2021 est.)" } }, "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { "total": { "text": "33,000 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { "text": "18 (2020 est.)" } } }, "Transportation": { "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { "text": "J6" }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2021)" }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "text": "2", "note": "note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)" }, "Roadways": { "total": { "text": "1,210 km (2011)" }, "paved": { "text": "847 km (2011)" }, "unpaved": { "text": "363 km (2011)" } }, "Ports and terminals": { "major seaport(s)": { "text": "Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort" } } }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (RSLPF)  (2023)", "note": "note: the RSLPF has responsibility for law enforcement and maintenance of order within the country; it is under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Justice, and National Security and includes a Special Service Unit and a Marine Unit" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Saint Lucia has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "

Saint Lucia-Venezuela: joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Saint Lucia does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government passed an amendment to remove the option for a fine in lieu of imprisonment, increased public awareness of a hotline to report trafficking, and worked with an international partner to investigate a potential child sex trafficking case; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts compared with the previous year to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; officials have not initiated a prosecution since 2015 and have never convicted a trafficker; the government did not identify any victims for the second consecutive year or report providing any services to victims, and it did not enact or fund a new national action plan; therefore, Saint Lucia was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Saint Lucia, as well as victims from Saint Lucia abroad; children from economically disadvantaged families are at risk of sex trafficking, often forced by parents or caretakers in exchange for goods or services; disadvantaged young women from rural areas are vulnerable to sex trafficking, and children from poor communities are vulnerable to sexual exploitation; documented and undocumented migrants from the Caribbean and South Asia, including domestic workers, are vulnerable to trafficking; foreign women working in strip clubs and in commercial sex are at risk of sex trafficking; the government reports business owners from Saint Lucia, India, China, Cuba, and Russia are the most likely traffickers in the country; Cuban medical professionals working in Saint Lucia may have been forced to work by the Cuban Government (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs

" } } }