{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "Carib Indians inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974, making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1979, a leftist New Jewel Movement seized power under Maurice BISHOP, ushering in the Grenada Revolution. On 19 October 1983, factions within the revolutionary government overthrew and killed BISHOP and members of his party. Six days later, the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. The rule of law was restored, and democratic elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since then."
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "12 07 N, 61 40 W"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Central America and the Caribbean"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "344 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "344 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "121 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "volcanic in origin with central mountains"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Mount Saint Catherine 840 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Caribbean Sea 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "timber, tropical fruit"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "32.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 20.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "50% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "17.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "20 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "approximately one-third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "<p>lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Mount Saint Catherine (840 m) lies on the island of Grenada; Kick 'em Jenny, an active submarine volcano (seamount) on the Caribbean Sea floor, lies about 8 km north of the island of Grenada; these two volcanoes are at the southern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends up to the Netherlands dependency of Saba in the north</p>"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "114,299 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Grenadian(s)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Grenadian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "African descent 82.4%, mixed 13.3%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English (official), French patois"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Catholic 36%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Rastafarian 1.2%, other 5.5%, none 5.7%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "22.23% (male 13,261/female 12,153)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "65.51% (male 38,112/female 36,765)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "12.26% (2023 est.) (male 6,630/female 7,378)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "51.3"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "36.4"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "14.9"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "6.7 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "33.3 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "33.1 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "33.4 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.29% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "13.61 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "approximately one-third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "37.1% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "39,000 SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.1 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.09 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.04 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.9 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.03 male(s)/female (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Maternal mortality ratio": {
      "text": "21 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "8.77 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "9.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "76 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "73.41 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "78.84 years (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "0.91 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 96.8% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 3.2% of population (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "5.8% of GDP (2020)"
    },
    "Physicians density": {
      "text": "1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2018)"
    },
    "Hospital bed density": {
      "text": "3.6 beds/1,000 population (2017)"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 93.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 6.3% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
      "text": "21.3% (2016)"
    },
    "Alcohol consumption per capita": {
      "total": {
        "text": "8.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "beer": {
        "text": "3.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "wine": {
        "text": "0.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "spirits": {
        "text": "4.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      },
      "other alcohols": {
        "text": "0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "41.3% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "definition": {
        "text": "age 15 and over can read and write"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "98.6%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "98.6%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "98.6% (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "19 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "18 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "19 years (2018)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "deforestation causing habitat destruction and species loss; coastal erosion and contamination; pollution and sedimentation; inadequate solid waste management"
    },
    "Environment - international agreements": {
      "party to": {
        "text": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling"
      },
      "signed, but not ratified": {
        "text": "none of the selected agreements"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "32.3% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 8.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 20.6% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 2.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "50% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "17.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "37.1% of total population (2023)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Air pollutants": {
      "particulate matter emissions": {
        "text": "21.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
      },
      "carbon dioxide emissions": {
        "text": "0.27 megatons (2016 est.)"
      },
      "methane emissions": {
        "text": "2.04 megatons (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "29,536 tons (2012 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total water withdrawal": {
      "municipal": {
        "text": "10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
      },
      "industrial": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural": {
        "text": "2.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total renewable water resources": {
      "text": "200 million cubic meters (2020 est.)"
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Grenada"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "derivation of the name remains obscure; some sources attribute the designation to Spanish influence (most likely named for the Spanish city of Granada), with subsequent French and English interpretations resulting in the present-day Grenada; in Spanish \"granada\" means \"pomegranate\""
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Saint George's"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "12 03 N, 61 45 W"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the 1763 Treaty of Paris transferred possession of Grenada from France to Great Britain; the new administration renamed Ville de Fort Royal (Fort Royal Town) to Saint George's Town, after the patron saint of England; eventually the name became simply Saint George's"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "7 February 1974 (from the UK)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Independence Day, 7 February (1974)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended 1991, 1992"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "common law based on English model"
    },
    "International law organization participation": {
      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "citizenship by birth": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "citizenship by descent only": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "dual citizenship recognized": {
        "text": "yes"
      },
      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
        "text": "7 years for persons from a non-Caribbean state and 4 years for a person from a Caribbean state"
      }
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Prime Minister Dickon MITCHELL (since 24 June 2022)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (13 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 10 on the advice of the prime minister and 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms)<br>House of Representatives (15 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "Senate - last appointments on 3 August 2022 (next no later than 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 23 June 2022 (next no later than 2027)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Senate - percent by party - NA; seats by party - NDC 7, NNP 3, independents 3<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NDC 51.8%; NNP 47.8%; other 0.4%; seats by party - NDC 9; NNP 6"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "regionally, the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Grenada; appeals beyond the ECSC in civil and criminal matters are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dickon MITCHELL]<br>New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "ACP, AOSIS, CARIFORUM, CARIBCAN, Caricom, CBI, CDB, CELAC, CSME, ECCU, EPA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "Ambassador Yolande Yvonne&nbsp;SMITH (since 8 April 2019)"
      },
      "chancery": {
        "text": "1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 265-2561"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (202) 265-2468"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>embassy@grenadaembassyusa.org<br><br>https://grenadaembassyusa.org/"
      },
      "consulate(s) general": {
        "text": "Miami, New York"
      }
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "chief of mission": {
        "text": "the US does not have an official embassy in Grenada; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada"
      },
      "embassy": {
        "text": "Lance-aux-Epines, Saint George's"
      },
      "mailing address": {
        "text": "3180 Grenada Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-3180"
      },
      "telephone": {
        "text": "[1] (473) 444-1173"
      },
      "FAX": {
        "text": "[1] (473) 444-4820"
      },
      "email address and website": {
        "text": "<br>StgeorgesACS@state.gov<br><br>https://bb.usembassy.gov/embassy/grenada/"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is a leading nutmeg producer); the seven stars stand for the seven administrative divisions, with the central star denoting the capital, St. George's; yellow represents the sun and the warmth of the people, green stands for vegetation and agriculture, and red symbolizes harmony, unity, and courage"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "Grenada dove, bougainvillea flower; national colors: red, yellow, green"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Hail Grenada\""
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1974"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "small OECS service-based economy; large tourism, construction, transportation, and education sectors; major spice exporter; shrinking but still high public debt; vulnerable to hurricanes; emerging blue economy incentives"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
        "text": "$1.706 billion (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
        "text": "$1.629 billion (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
        "text": "$1.889 billion (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "4.69% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
        "text": "-13.76% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
        "text": "0.68% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2021": {
        "text": "$13,700 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2020": {
        "text": "$13,200 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2019": {
        "text": "$15,400 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$1.119 billion (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
        "text": "1.22% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
        "text": "-0.74% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": {
        "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Credit ratings": {
      "Standard & Poors rating": {
        "text": "SD (2013)"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note: </strong>The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained."
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "77.7% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "63% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "12% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "20% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "-0.1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "60% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-55% (2017 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "bananas, watermelons, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, tomatoes, plantains, coconuts, melons, cucumbers, cabbages"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction, education, call-center operations"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "15.33% (2021 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "55,270 (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "11%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "20%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "69% (2008 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2017": {
        "text": "24% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2016": {
        "text": "28.2% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "38% (2008 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$323 million (2019 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$263 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2017": {
        "text": "70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "82% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "25.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "calendar year"
    },
    "Current account balance": {
      "Current account balance 2021": {
        "text": "-$293.776 million (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2020": {
        "text": "-$219.561 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Current account balance 2019": {
        "text": "-$176.958 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2021": {
        "text": "$393.766 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      },
      "Exports 2020": {
        "text": "$421.843 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2019": {
        "text": "$661.723 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 30%, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12%, France 7%, Germany 5%, Trinidad and Tobago 5% (2021)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "nutmeg, tuna, cocoa beans, fruits, nuts, toilet paper, acrylic paints, beer (2021)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2021": {
        "text": "$650 million (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
      },
      "Imports 2020": {
        "text": "$587 million (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2019": {
        "text": "$727 million (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "United States 35%, Trinidad and Tobago 17%, Cayman Islands 8%, China 5%, United Kingdom 4% (2021)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, poultry, cars, food preparation materials, delivery trucks (2021)"
    },
    "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
        "text": "$348.259 million (31 December 2021 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2020": {
        "text": "$293.32 million (31 December 2020 est.)"
      },
      "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2019": {
        "text": "$236.325 million (31 December 2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "Debt - external 2017": {
        "text": "$793.5 million (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Debt - external 2016": {
        "text": "$682.3 million (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "Currency": {
        "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2021": {
        "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2020": {
        "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2019": {
        "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2018": {
        "text": "2.7 (2018 est.)"
      },
      "Exchange rates 2017": {
        "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "93.7% (2021)"
      },
      "electrification - urban areas": {
        "text": "93% (2020)"
      },
      "electrification - rural areas": {
        "text": "96% (2020)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "55,000 kW (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "194.495 million kWh (2019 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "19 million kWh (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "98.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "nuclear": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "1.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "tide and wave": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "geothermal": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2021 est.)"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "2,200 bbl/day (2019 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate exports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate imports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)"
      },
      "crude oil estimated reserves": {
        "text": "0 barrels (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "1,886 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "316,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "316,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": {
        "text": "39.799 million Btu/person (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "26,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "21 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "100,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "81 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "21 per 100 for fixed-line and 81 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2021)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-473; landing points for the&nbsp;ECFS, Southern Caribbean Fiber and CARCIP&nbsp;submarine cables with links to&nbsp;13 Caribbean islands extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad &amp; Tobago including Puerto Rico and Barbados; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "multiple publicly and privately owned television and radio stations; Grenada Information Service (GIS) is government-owned and provides television and radio services; the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; Meaningful Television (MTV) broadcasts island-wide and is part of a locally-owned media house, Moving Target Company, that also includes an FM radio station and a weekly newspaper; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is provided by Columbus Communications Grenada (FLOW GRENADA) and is available island wide; approximately 25 private radio stations also broadcast throughout the country (2019)"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".gd"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "93,600 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "78% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "32,000 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "28 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "J3"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "3 (2021)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "text": "3",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,127 km (2017)"
      },
      "paved": {
        "text": "902 km (2017)"
      },
      "unpaved": {
        "text": "225 km (2017)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "6"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "general cargo 3, other 3 (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Saint George's"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "no regular military forces; the Royal Grenada Police Force (under the Ministry of National Security) includes a Coast Guard and a paramilitary Special Services Unit (2023)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "Grenada joined the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) in 1985; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>none</p>"
    },
    "Illicit drugs": {
      "text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
    }
  }
}