{
  "Introduction": {
    "Background": {
      "text": "<p>Guam was settled by Austronesian people around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including the Micronesians in the first millennium A.D., and island Southeast Asians around 900. Society was stratified with higher classes living along the coast and lower classes living inland. Spanish explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see Guam in 1521 and Spain claimed the island in 1565 as it served as a refueling stop for ships between Mexico and the Philippines. Spain formally colonized Guam in 1668. Spain’s brutal repression of the Chamorro, along with new diseases and intermittent warfare, reduced the indigenous population from more than 100,000 to less than 5,000 by the 1700s. Spain tried to repopulate the island by forcing people from nearby islands to settle on Guam and preventing them from escaping.<br><br>Guam became a hub for whalers and traders in the western Pacific in the early 1800s. During the 1898 Spanish-American War, the US Navy occupied Guam and set up a military administration. The US Navy opposed local control of government despite repeated petitions by the Chamorro. Japan invaded Guam in 1941 and instituted a repressive regime. During the US recapture of Guam in 1944, the island’s two largest villages were destroyed. After World War II, political pressure from local Chamorro leaders led to Guam being established as an unincorporated organized territory in 1950 with US citizenship granted to all Chamorro. In a referendum in 1982, more than 75% of voters chose closer relations with the US over independence, although no change in status was made because of disagreements on the future right of Chamorro self-determination. The US military holds about 29% of Guam’s land and stations several thousand troops on the island. The installations are some of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific; they also constitute the island’s most important source of income and economic stability.</p>"
    }
  },
  "Geography": {
    "Location": {
      "text": "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines"
    },
    "Geographic coordinates": {
      "text": "13 28 N, 144 47 E"
    },
    "Map references": {
      "text": "Oceania"
    },
    "Area": {
      "total": {
        "text": "544 sq km"
      },
      "land": {
        "text": "544 sq km"
      },
      "water": {
        "text": "0 sq km"
      }
    },
    "Area - comparative": {
      "text": "three times the size of Washington, DC"
    },
    "Land boundaries": {
      "total": {
        "text": "0 km"
      }
    },
    "Coastline": {
      "text": "125.5 km"
    },
    "Maritime claims": {
      "territorial sea": {
        "text": "12 nm"
      },
      "exclusive economic zone": {
        "text": "200 nm"
      }
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation"
    },
    "Terrain": {
      "text": "volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south"
    },
    "Elevation": {
      "highest point": {
        "text": "Mount Lamlam 406 m"
      },
      "lowest point": {
        "text": "Pacific Ocean 0 m"
      }
    },
    "Natural resources": {
      "text": "aquatic wildlife (supporting tourism), fishing (largely undeveloped)"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "33.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 16.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "47.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Irrigated land": {
      "text": "2 sq km (2012)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "no large cities exist on the island, though large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo"
    },
    "Natural hazards": {
      "text": "frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare but potentially destructive typhoons (June to December)"
    },
    "Geography - note": {
      "text": "largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago and the largest island in Micronesia; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean"
    }
  },
  "People and Society": {
    "Population": {
      "text": "169,330 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Nationality": {
      "noun": {
        "text": "Guamanian(s) (US citizens)"
      },
      "adjective": {
        "text": "Guamanian"
      }
    },
    "Ethnic groups": {
      "text": "Chamorro 37.3%, Filipino 26.3%, White 7.1%, Chuukese 7%, Korean 2.2%, other Pacific Islander 2%, other Asian 2%, Chinese 1.6%, Palauan 1.6%, Japanese 1.5%, Pohnpeian 1.4%, mixed 9.4%, other 0.6% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Languages": {
      "text": "English 43.6%, Filipino 21.2%, Chamorro 17.8%, other Pacific island languages 10%, Asian languages 6.3%, other 1.1% (2010 est.)"
    },
    "Religions": {
      "text": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 94.2%, folk religions 1.5%, Buddhist 1.1%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)"
    },
    "Age structure": {
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "26.64% (male 23,325/female 21,792)"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "62.85% (male 55,606/female 50,816)"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "10.51% (2023 est.) (male 8,290/female 9,501)"
      }
    },
    "Dependency ratios": {
      "total dependency ratio": {
        "text": "60.7"
      },
      "youth dependency ratio": {
        "text": "42.3"
      },
      "elderly dependency ratio": {
        "text": "18.4"
      },
      "potential support ratio": {
        "text": "5.4 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Median age": {
      "total": {
        "text": "29.4 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "28.7 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "30.2 years (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population growth rate": {
      "text": "0.13% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Birth rate": {
      "text": "18.33 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Death rate": {
      "text": "6.08 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Net migration rate": {
      "text": "-10.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Population distribution": {
      "text": "no large cities exist on the island, though large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo"
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "95.2% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Major urban areas - population": {
      "text": "147,000 HAGATNA (capital) (2018)"
    },
    "Sex ratio": {
      "at birth": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "0-14 years": {
        "text": "1.07 male(s)/female"
      },
      "15-64 years": {
        "text": "1.09 male(s)/female"
      },
      "65 years and over": {
        "text": "0.87 male(s)/female"
      },
      "total population": {
        "text": "1.06 male(s)/female (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Infant mortality rate": {
      "total": {
        "text": "11.2 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "11.23 deaths/1,000 live births"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "11.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Life expectancy at birth": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "77.74 years"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "75.33 years"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "80.31 years (2023 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Total fertility rate": {
      "text": "2.76 children born/woman (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Gross reproduction rate": {
      "text": "1.33 (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Drinking water source": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 99.7% of population"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: NA"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 0.3% of population (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Current health expenditure": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Sanitation facility access": {
      "improved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "improved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "improved: total": {
        "text": "total: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: urban": {
        "text": "urban: 10.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: rural": {
        "text": "rural: 10.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      },
      "unimproved: total": {
        "text": "total: 10.2% of population (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": {
      "text": "37% (2023 est.)"
    },
    "Education expenditures": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Literacy": {
      "total population": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "16.1% (2021 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Environment": {
    "Environment - current issues": {
      "text": "fresh water scarcity; reef damage; inadequate sewage treatment; extermination of native bird populations by the rapid proliferation of the brown tree snake, an exotic, invasive species"
    },
    "Climate": {
      "text": "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation"
    },
    "Land use": {
      "agricultural land": {
        "text": "33.4% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: arable land": {
        "text": "arable land: 1.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent crops": {
        "text": "permanent crops: 16.7% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "agricultural land: permanent pasture": {
        "text": "permanent pasture: 14.8% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "forest": {
        "text": "47.9% (2018 est.)"
      },
      "other": {
        "text": "18.7% (2018 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Urbanization": {
      "urban population": {
        "text": "95.2% of total population (2022)"
      },
      "rate of urbanization": {
        "text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Revenue from forest resources": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Revenue from coal": {
      "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)"
    },
    "Waste and recycling": {
      "municipal solid waste generated annually": {
        "text": "141,500 tons (2012 est.)"
      },
      "municipal solid waste recycled annually": {
        "text": "25,258 tons (2011 est.)"
      },
      "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": {
        "text": "17.9% (2011 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Government": {
    "Country name": {
      "conventional long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "conventional short form": {
        "text": "Guam"
      },
      "local long form": {
        "text": "none"
      },
      "local short form": {
        "text": "Guahan"
      },
      "abbreviation": {
        "text": "GU"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the native Chamorro name for the island \"Guahan\" (meaning \"we have\" or \"ours\") was changed to Guam in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, whereby Spain relinquished Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the US"
      }
    },
    "Government type": {
      "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches"
    },
    "Dependency status": {
      "text": "unincorporated organized territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the Federal Government under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior, Washington, DC"
    },
    "Capital": {
      "name": {
        "text": "Hagatna (Agana)"
      },
      "geographic coordinates": {
        "text": "13 28 N, 144 44 E"
      },
      "time difference": {
        "text": "UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
      },
      "etymology": {
        "text": "the name is derived from the Chamoru word \"haga,\" meaning \"blood\", and may refer to the bloodlines of the various families that established the original settlement"
      }
    },
    "Administrative divisions": {
      "text": "none (territory of the US)"
    },
    "Independence": {
      "text": "none (territory of the US)"
    },
    "National holiday": {
      "text": "Discovery Day (or Magellan Day), first Monday in March (1521)"
    },
    "Constitution": {
      "history": {
        "text": "effective 1 July 1950 (Guam Act of 1950 serves as a constitution)"
      },
      "amendments": {
        "text": "amended many times, last in 2015"
      }
    },
    "Legal system": {
      "text": "common law modeled on US system; US federal laws apply"
    },
    "Citizenship": {
      "text": "see United States"
    },
    "Suffrage": {
      "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - Guamanians are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections"
    },
    "Executive branch": {
      "chief of state": {
        "text": "President Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)"
      },
      "head of government": {
        "text": "Governor Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (since 7 January 2019); Lieutenant Governor Josh TENORIO (since 7 January 2019)"
      },
      "cabinet": {
        "text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature"
      },
      "elections/appointments": {
        "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as Guam, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ballot by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2026)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Lourdes LEON GUERRERO reelected governor; percent of vote - &nbsp;Lourdes LEON GUERRERO (Democratic Party) 55%, Felix CAMACHO (Republican Party) 44%; Josh TENORIO (Democratic Party) elected lieutenant governor"
      }
    },
    "Legislative branch": {
      "description": {
        "text": "unicameral Legislature of Guam or Liheslaturan Guahan (15 seats; members elected in a single countrywide constituency by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)<br>Guam directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as the delegate to the US House of Representatives; note - the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote"
      },
      "elections": {
        "text": "Guam Legislature - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 5 November 2022)<br>delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 with runoff on 17 November (next to be held on 5 November 2022)"
      },
      "election results": {
        "text": "Guam Legislature - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 10, Republican Party 5; composition - men 5, women 10, percent of women 66.7%<br>Guam delegate to the US House of Representatives - Democratic Party 1 (man)"
      }
    },
    "Judicial branch": {
      "highest court(s)": {
        "text": "Supreme Court of Guam (consists of 3 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Guam are referred to the US Supreme Court"
      },
      "judge selection and term of office": {
        "text": "justices appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Guam legislature; justices appointed for life subject to retention election every 10 years"
      },
      "subordinate courts": {
        "text": "Superior Court of Guam - includes several divisions; US Federal District Court for the District of Guam (a US territorial court; appeals beyond this court are heard before the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit)"
      }
    },
    "Political parties and leaders": {
      "text": "Democratic Party [Anthony \"Tony\" M. BABAUTA]<br>Republican Party [Juan Carlos BENITEZ]"
    },
    "International organization participation": {
      "text": "AOSIS (observer), IOC, PIF (observer), SPC, UPU"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
      "text": "none (territory of the US)"
    },
    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
      "embassy": {
        "text": "none (territory of the US)"
      }
    },
    "Flag description": {
      "text": "territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, a proa or outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; the proa is sailing in Agana Bay with the promontory of Puntan Dos Amantes, near the capital, in the background; the shape of the central emblem is that of a Chamorro sling stone, used as a weapon for defense or hunting; blue represents the sea and red the blood shed in the struggle against oppression",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US flag is the national flag"
    },
    "National symbol(s)": {
      "text": "coconut tree; national colors: deep blue, red"
    },
    "National anthem": {
      "name": {
        "text": "\"Fanohge Chamoru\" (Stand Ye Guamanians)"
      },
      "lyrics/music": {
        "text": "Ramon Manalisay SABLAN [English], Lagrimas UNTALAN [Chamoru]/Ramon Manalisay SABLAN"
      },
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1919; the local anthem is also known as \"Guam Hymn\"; as a territory of the United States, \"The Star-Spangled Banner,\" which generally follows the playing of \"Stand Ye Guamanians,\" is official (see United States)"
    }
  },
  "Economy": {
    "Economic overview": {
      "text": "small Pacific island US territorial economy; upper income, tourism-based economy; hard-hit by COVID-19 disruptions; relaunched many industries via vaccination tourism; domestic economy relies on multiple military bases; environmentally fragile economy"
    },
    "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": {
        "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": {
        "text": "$5.697 billion (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": {
        "text": "$5.531 billion (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP growth rate": {
      "Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
        "text": "1.06% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
        "text": "-11.39% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
        "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Real GDP per capita": {
      "Real GDP per capita 2016": {
        "text": "$35,600 (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2015": {
        "text": "$35,200 (2015 est.)"
      },
      "Real GDP per capita 2014": {
        "text": "$34,400 (2014 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP (official exchange rate)": {
      "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": {
        "text": "1% (2017 est.)"
      },
      "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": {
        "text": "0% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "58.4% (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "GDP - composition, by end use": {
      "household consumption": {
        "text": "56.2% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "government consumption": {
        "text": "55% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "investment in fixed capital": {
        "text": "20.6% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "investment in inventories": {
        "text": "(2016 est.) NA"
      },
      "exports of goods and services": {
        "text": "19.4% (2016 est.)"
      },
      "imports of goods and services": {
        "text": "-51.2% (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Agricultural products": {
      "text": "fruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef"
    },
    "Industries": {
      "text": "national defense, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles"
    },
    "Industrial production growth rate": {
      "text": "NA"
    },
    "Labor force": {
      "text": "76,200 (2021 est.)",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes only the civilian labor force"
    },
    "Labor force - by occupation": {
      "agriculture": {
        "text": "0.3%"
      },
      "industry": {
        "text": "21.6%"
      },
      "services": {
        "text": "78.1% (2013 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Unemployment rate": {
      "Unemployment rate 2021": {
        "text": "6.98% (2021 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2020": {
        "text": "6.8% (2020 est.)"
      },
      "Unemployment rate 2019": {
        "text": "5.51% (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
      "total": {
        "text": "15.3%"
      },
      "male": {
        "text": "14.7%"
      },
      "female": {
        "text": "16.1% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Population below poverty line": {
      "text": "23% (2001 est.)"
    },
    "Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
      "lowest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      },
      "highest 10%": {
        "text": "NA"
      }
    },
    "Budget": {
      "revenues": {
        "text": "$1.24 billion (2016 est.)"
      },
      "expenditures": {
        "text": "$1.299 billion (2016 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
      "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Public debt": {
      "Public debt 2016": {
        "text": "22.1% of GDP (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Public debt 2013": {
        "text": "32.1% of GDP (2013)"
      }
    },
    "Taxes and other revenues": {
      "text": "21.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)"
    },
    "Fiscal year": {
      "text": "1 October - 30 September"
    },
    "Exports": {
      "Exports 2016": {
        "text": "$1.124 billion (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Exports 2015": {
        "text": "$1.046 billion (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Exports - partners": {
      "text": "South Korea 31%, Hong Kong 27%, Taiwan 18%, Philippines 7% (2019)"
    },
    "Exports - commodities": {
      "text": "scrap iron, scrap copper, boring/sinking machinery, leather handbags, rubber, scrap aluminum (2021)"
    },
    "Imports": {
      "Imports 2016": {
        "text": "$2.964 billion (2016 est.)"
      },
      "Imports 2015": {
        "text": "$3.054 billion (2015 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Imports - partners": {
      "text": "Singapore 33%, Japan 21%, South Korea 18%, Hong Kong 9%, Malaysia 6% (2019)"
    },
    "Imports - commodities": {
      "text": "refined petroleum, trunks/cases, cars, insulated wire, broadcasting equipment (2019)"
    },
    "Debt - external": {
      "text": "<p>NA</p>"
    },
    "Exchange rates": {
      "text": "<p>the US dollar is used</p>"
    }
  },
  "Energy": {
    "Electricity access": {
      "electrification - total population": {
        "text": "100% (2021)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity": {
      "installed generating capacity": {
        "text": "455,000 kW (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "1.683 billion kWh (2019 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 kWh (2020 est.)"
      },
      "transmission/distribution losses": {
        "text": "85 million kWh (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Electricity generation sources": {
      "fossil fuels": {
        "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "nuclear": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "solar": {
        "text": "4% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "wind": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "hydroelectricity": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "tide and wave": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "geothermal": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      },
      "biomass and waste": {
        "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Coal": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2020 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 metric tons (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Petroleum": {
      "total petroleum production": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2021 est.) Data represented includes both Guam and Northern Mariana Islands"
      },
      "refined petroleum consumption": {
        "text": "2,100 bbl/day (2019 est.) Data represented includes both Guam and Northern Mariana Islands"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate exports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.) Data represented includes both Guam and Northern Mariana Islands"
      },
      "crude oil and lease condensate imports": {
        "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.) Data represented includes both Guam and Northern Mariana Islands"
      },
      "crude oil estimated reserves": {
        "text": "0 barrels (2021 est.) Data represented includes both Guam and Northern Mariana Islands"
      }
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - production": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
      "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
      "text": "13,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
    },
    "Natural gas": {
      "production": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "consumption": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "exports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "imports": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      },
      "proven reserves": {
        "text": "0 cubic meters (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Carbon dioxide emissions": {
      "total emissions": {
        "text": "1.828 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from coal and metallurgical coke": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from petroleum and other liquids": {
        "text": "1.828 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      },
      "from consumed natural gas": {
        "text": "0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Energy consumption per capita": {
      "Total energy consumption per capita 2019": {
        "text": "152.767 million Btu/person (2019 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Communications": {
    "Telephones - fixed lines": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "70,000 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "41 (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telephones - mobile cellular": {
      "total subscriptions": {
        "text": "98,000 (2009 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "62 (2009 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Telecommunication systems": {
      "general assessment": {
        "text": "Guam&rsquo;s telecommunications companies provide important services that allow other businesses on island to operate; Guam plays a larger, and growing role, in global telecommunications infrastructure, the submarine fiber optic cables that land on Guam benefit island residents and the local economy; in the Asia-Pacific region the demand for 4G, 5G, and broadband access is rapidly increasing; the 11 submarine cables that currently land on Guam, connecting the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, are some of the more than 400 cables that are the backbone of global telecommunications, providing nearly all of the world&rsquo;s internet and phone service (2021)"
      },
      "domestic": {
        "text": "fixed-line subscriptions 41 per 100 and 62 per 100 mobile-cellular subscriptions in 2004 (2020)"
      },
      "international": {
        "text": "country code - 1-671; major landing points for Atisa, HANTRU1, HK-G, JGA-N, JGA-S, PIPE-1, SEA-US, SxS, Tata TGN-Pacific, AJC, GOKI, AAG, AJC and Mariana-Guam Cable submarine cables between Asia, Australia, and the US (Guam is a transpacific communications hub for major carriers linking the US and Asia); satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
      }
    },
    "Broadcast media": {
      "text": "about a dozen TV channels, including digital channels; multi-channel cable TV services are available; roughly 20 radio stations"
    },
    "Internet country code": {
      "text": ".gu"
    },
    "Internet users": {
      "total": {
        "text": "136,850 (2021 est.)"
      },
      "percent of population": {
        "text": "80.5% (2021 est.)"
      }
    },
    "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3,000 (2020 est.)"
      },
      "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
        "text": "2 (2020 est.)"
      }
    }
  },
  "Transportation": {
    "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": {
      "text": "N"
    },
    "Airports": {
      "text": "5 (2021)"
    },
    "Airports - with paved runways": {
      "text": "4",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)"
    },
    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
      "text": "1",
      "note": "<strong>note:</strong> unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control"
    },
    "Roadways": {
      "total": {
        "text": "1,045 km (2008)"
      }
    },
    "Merchant marine": {
      "total": {
        "text": "3"
      },
      "by type": {
        "text": "other 3 (2022)"
      }
    },
    "Ports and terminals": {
      "major seaport(s)": {
        "text": "Apra Harbor"
      }
    }
  },
  "Military and Security": {
    "Military and security forces": {
      "text": "Guam National Guard (US Army)"
    },
    "Military - note": {
      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the US; the US military maintains over 6,000 personnel on Guam, including an air base, an air wing, and a naval installation command (2023)"
    }
  },
  "Transnational Issues": {
    "Disputes - international": {
      "text": "<p>none</p>"
    }
  }
}